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Déjà Vu (Beyoncé song)

January 01, 1970

"Déjà Vu" is a song by American singer Beyoncé, featuring rapper Jay-Z. It was produced by Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins, 808-Ray and Beyoncé for her second solo album, B'Day (2006). "Déjà Vu" is an R&B song, which incorporates elements of 1970s funk and soul music. Its music is largely based on live instrumentation, including bass guitar, hi-hat and horns, except the Roland TR-808 drum machine, which is a non-live instrument. The song's title and lyrics refer to a woman being constantly reminded of a past lover.

"Déjà Vu"
Single by Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z
from the album B'Day
ReleasedJune 24, 2006 (2006-06-24)
RecordedApril 2006
StudioSony Music, New York City
Genre
Length
  • 4:00 (album version)
  • 3:25 (radio edit)
LabelColumbia
Composer(s)
Lyricist(s)
Producer(s)
  • Darkchild
  • 808-Ray
  • Beyoncé Knowles
Beyoncé singles chronology
"Check on It"
(2005) 		"Déjà Vu"
(2006) 		"Ring the Alarm"
(2006)
Jay-Z singles chronology
"Get Throwed"
(2005) 		"Déjà Vu"
(2006) 		"Show Me What You Got"
(2006)
Music video
"Déjà Vu" on YouTube

"Déjà Vu" was released as the album's lead single to US radio stations on June 24, 2006. The song received generally mixed critical reviews. Many critics noted the similarities of "Déjà Vu" with Beyoncé's own 2003 song "Crazy in Love". Critics commended the assertiveness and the sensuality with which Beyoncé sings the lyrics and compared her vocal delivery to that of Tina Turner in the late 1980s. "Déjà Vu" and its Freemasons club remix version received three nominations at the 2007 Grammy Awards. It was recognized as the Best Song of 2006 at the Music of Black Origin (MOBO) Awards.

Commercially, "Déjà Vu" peaked at number four on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. It topped the Hot Dance Club Play chart, the Hot Dance Singles Sales chart, and the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The song was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). "Déjà Vu" peaked at number one on the UK Singles Chart and reached the top ten in over fifteen countries. The song's accompanying music video was directed by Sophie Muller. About 5,000 fans petitioned online for a re-shoot of the video, complaining about, amongst other factors, the lack of theme, the wardrobe choice, and the allegedly sexual interactions between Beyoncé and Jay-Z.

Background and production edit

 
Jay-Z (pictured) joined the production at a late stage

In 2005, American record producer Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins and producer Jon Jon Traxx "came up with the concept of doing an old-school track, a throwback with real bass and horns", to which the song's title is partly attributed.[1] Traxx with Jerkins, first recorded the bass sections, onto which the percussion, horns and vocals were layered.[1] Production took place in Jerkins' New Jersey-based studio, and Sony Music Studios in New York City.[1]

Jerkins recorded a demo version of the song with vocals by American songwriter Makeba Riddick, who is credited as co-writer. Riddick’s demo version has the same lyrics as the final song. [2] They presented the demo to Beyoncé, who later approved of it and added melodies and handled the production alongside Jerkins and 808-Ray. "Déjà Vu" also has lyrical contributions from songwriters Delisha Thomas and Keli Nicole Price, and Beyoncé's husband (then-boyfriend) Jay-Z.[1] He became involved at a late stage, when Beyoncé saw him trying to sing along to a recorded version of the track, and asked him to contribute. Jay-Z recorded rap verses for the song and hence appears as a featured guest.[3]

Concerning the production of "Déjà Vu", Beyoncé told MTV News:

When I recorded 'Deja Vu' ... I knew that even before I started working on my album, I wanted to add live instruments to all of my songs. It's such a balance [of music on the song] [...] It's still young, still new and fresh, but it has the old soul groove. The energy is incredible. It's the summer anthem, I pray. I feel it. Rodney Jerkins is incredible, Jay of course is on it, he blessed the song, I'm happy with it.[4]

Music and lyrics edit

"Déjà Vu" is a contemporary R&B song, performed in a moderate hip hop groove.[5][6][7] It is also influenced by late-1970s funk music,[8] and it contains elements of soul music as well as dance-pop music.[9] According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by EMI Music Publishing, the song is composed in the key of G minor with a time signature in common time, and a moderate groove of 106 beats per minute. Beyoncé's vocals range from the note of D♯4 to F5.[5] The music is largely based on live instrumentation,[10] including a bass guitar, conga, hi-hat, and horns.[4] A non-live instrument, the Roland TR-808 drum machine, provides the song's heavy and energetic disco beat.[4][11] Spence D. of IGN Music commented that Beyoncé's vocals on the song are "silky smooth" and that her vocal range leans toward the high end, hence contrasting to the song's low-end construction.[12] Mike Joseph of PopMatters noted that "Déjà Vu" is reminiscent of Michael Jackson's "Off the Wall" (1980).[6]

 
"Déjà Vu"
"Déjà Vu" takes its music from various live instrumentation, with the bass guitar as its foundation. Several music critics have noted that "Déjà Vu" could be considered as a sequel to Knowles 2003 single "Crazy in Love".[11][13][14] Other music critics also noted that Knowles' vocal performance as well as the easiness and the sensuality with which she sings the lyrics to the song would remind listeners of Tina Turner when she was still young.[6][15][16][17]
Problems playing this file? See media help.

The title refers to the déjà vu phenomenon. The lyrics to "Déjà Vu" follow the verse–pre-chorus–chorus pattern, and feature two rap verses.[5] It is hook-laden, similar in this respect to "Crazy in Love".[18] The lyrics detail a woman being constantly reminded of a past lover,[1] shown in the lines, "Is it because I'm missing you that I'm having déjà vu?"[19] As the song opens, Beyoncé introduces the bass, hi-hat and Roland TR-808 by name. The sounds of the instruments blend as they are being mentioned one after the other; the horns are only audible in the pre-chorus and hook sections, and a short section in the second rap. The bass guitar, which is the first instrument to enter, slides into the main two-bar ostinato.[1] Following the repeated bass slides, the hi-hat and the Roland TR-808 begin playing.[1]

After that Beyoncé mentions Jay-Z, the bass glides up for a vibrato-rich fill, giving way to the first rap.[1] Backgrounded with a repeating groove, Beyoncé starts the first verse. The pre-chorus follows, for which the bass changes to a more melodic tone "to play something more singing", in the words of Jon Jon Webb, the bass player on the track.[1] The melody returns to the main groove during the repeated hook. This pattern repeats and leads to the second rap verse. The third pre-chorus "comes from Jerkins' idea to have the part changes on top, with Webb's main groove on the bottom".[1] It is followed by the main pre-chorus, then the hook is repeated four times. After that, the singing stops and the instruments fill in the space of the pre-chorus. The hi-hat and Roland TR-808 also stop; the song ends with the plucked bass and blasts of horns from the very first line of the chorus.[1]

Release edit

"Déjà Vu" was leaked to the internet on June 13, 2006.[20] On June 24, 2006, it was released to radio stations in the United States,[21] four weeks after Beyoncé informed Columbia, her record label, that B'Day was completed. Over one month later, it was released to physical formats; the track was released as a CD single on July 31, 2006, in the United States.[22] An enhanced CD was released on September 12, containing five tracks and an additional "Déjà Vu" multimedia track.[23][24] In the United Kingdom, the digital download became available on August 15, 2006.[25] A CD maxi and a 12-inch single were released on August 21, 2006.[26] Beyoncé's manager approached English production team Freemasons to remix "Déjà Vu" after hearing a remix they made for a song by singer Heather Headley.[27] A club-oriented version was produced and appeared on a "Green Light" Freemasons EP, released on July 31, 2007.[28] A maxi single, featuring the album version of the track and Freemasons club mix, was released on August 5, 2006, in European countries.[29] The UK hits compilation album Now That's What I Call Music! 65, released in 2006, features an alternative version of the single, omitting Jay-Z's parts and running to 3 minutes and 25 seconds.

Critical reception edit

"Déjà Vu" debuted to mixed and positive reviews among critics. Mike Joseph of the international webzine PopMatters' believed that it was "fantastic to hear Beyoncé singing her lungs out over a full-bodied groove featuring live instruments".[6] Spence D. of IGN Music, a multimedia news and reviews website, complimented Jerkins' bass-laden groove, writing that it brought the track to perfection.[12] Describing "Déjà Vu" as a magnificent song, Caroline Sullivan of The Guardian complimented Beyoncé and Jay-Z collaboration calling it "feverish as pre-watershed pop gets".[15] She added that even though when Jay-Z is not physically present, he manages to bring out something formidable in Beyoncé that evokes "the young, feral Tina Turner".[15] Bernard Zuel The Sydney Morning Herald praised the assertiveness with which Beyoncé delivers her lines and considered buying "Déjà Vu" as worthwhile.[18]

Several other music critics have compared "Déjà Vu" to Beyoncé's 2003 single, "Crazy in Love", the lead single of her debut album. According to Gail Mitchell of Billboard magazine, the song is viewed by many as a sequel to "Crazy in Love".[30] Jason King of the Vibe magazine deemed the song as "cloned from the DNA of the raucous 'Crazy in Love'"[31] while Thomas Inskeep of Stylus Magazine referred to it as "'Crazy in Love' lite".[32] Some reviewers, however, were negative to the parallels drawn between the two songs. Andy Kellman of AllMusic, an online music database, wrote that "['Déjà Vu'] "had the audacity to not be as monstrous as 'Crazy in Love'",[8] referring to the commercial success the latter experienced in 2003. The internet-based publication Pitchfork's writer Ryan Dombal claimed that "this time [Beyoncé] out-bolds the beat".[33]

Sasha Frere-Jones of The New Yorker deemed the lyrics as a "perplexing view of memory",[19] while Chris Richards of The Washington Post characterized Beyoncé as a "love-dazed girlfriend" in the song.[34] Jody Rosen of the Entertainment Weekly referred to "Déjà Vu" as an "oddly flat" choice as a lead single.[35] Jaime Gill of Yahoo! Music regarded "Déjà Vu" as a good choice for a single but concluded that it does lack "the kind of killer chorus" to suggest that Beyoncé would take one further step "to outright global domination".[36] On the other hand, Jon Pareles of The New York Times wrote that Jay-Z shows up "as calmly boastful as ever" in the song but he only makes Beyoncé's "sound more insecure".[37] Kelefa Sanneh of the same publication noted that "the refrain doesn't give Beyoncé a chance really to show off" and further described the song as a "fair-to-middling single from a singer who is the opposite of desperate".[11]

Accolades edit

"Déjà Vu" was nominated for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration and Best R&B Song while the Freemasons club remix version was nominated for Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical at the 2007 Grammy Awards.[38] It was also nominated for Best Collaboration alongside Beyoncé's other song "Upgrade U" featuring Jay-Z, at the Black Entertainment Television (BET) Awards.[39] "Déjà Vu" won Best Song at the 2006 MOBO Awards in the UK.[40] The following year, it also received two nominations for the Best R&B/Urban Dance Track and Best Pop Dance Track at the 22nd Annual International Dance Music Awards in 2007.[41] The writers of Rap-Up magazine put the song at number ten on their list of the ten best singles of 2006.[42] In 2013, John Boone and Jennifer Cady of E! Online placed the song at number six on their list of ten best Beyoncé's songs.[43] In a 2013 list of Jay-Z's 20 Biggest Billboard Hits, "Déjà Vu" was ranked at number 19.[44] In 2022, Rolling Stone named the track Beyoncé's best song.[45]

Commercial performance edit

"Déjà Vu" debuted on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart at number 44 a month before its physical release. After the release of the digital and physical components, the song sold 75,000 downloads in its first week.[46] It eventually peaked at number four on the Hot 100 chart.[47][48] The track's Freemasons/M. Joshua remix topped the US Hot Dance Club Play chart, while the album version peaked at number 18 on the same component chart.[49] "Déjà Vu" also reached the top spot of the Hot Dance Singles Sales and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts, number nine on the Rhythmic Top 40 chart, and number 14 on the Top 40 Mainstream chart.[50]

"Déjà Vu" reached the top 10 in eight European countries.[51] Having sold 29,365 units on its first week,[52] the single reached number one on the UK Singles Chart, becoming both Beyoncé and Jay-Z's second number-one single in the UK.[53] The single reached the top five in Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Norway, and Switzerland and entered the top 10 in Belgium, Finland, and Germany. In Oceania, "Déjà Vu" peaked on the Australian Singles Chart at number 12, and on the New Zealand Singles Chart at number 15.[51] "Déjà Vu" emerged as the 98th best-selling single in Australia in 2006.[54]

Music video edit

Background and synopsis edit

The music video for "Déjà Vu" was filmed by British director Sophie Muller in New Orleans, Louisiana on June 20-21, 2006, with parts of the video shot at the Maple Leaf Bar and the Oak Alley Plantation in Carrollton, Louisiana and Vacherie, Louisiana respectively.[55][56] The footage features couture-inspired outfits,[10] vigorous footwork and sexually-themed routines. The video simultaneously premiered on July 12, 2006, on MTV's show TRL, and Overdrive, MTV's online video channel.[57] It reached the top spot on the TRL, Yahoo!, and MTV countdowns.[58] The "Deja Vu" video topped the UK TV airplay chart in late July 2006.[59]

 
The press deemed the themes between Beyoncé and Jay-Z's interactions as sexually suggestive. A petition by fans objected to "unacceptable interactions" between Beyoncé and Jay-Z in the music video.[60]

The video begins with showing Beyoncé against a green wall and Jay-Z sitting on a chair inside a dark room. Beyoncé and Jay-Z then start to simultaneously play imaginary instruments, mimicking the song's tune. Scenes of Beyoncé are then shown in several different rooms wearing different outfits. As the chorus begins, she is shown running around and dancing out in a large sugarcane field. At the end of the chorus, she dances in a red dress in front of a pond and in a large red dress out in front of a mansion. When Jay-Z's verse begins, the two are shown alone inside a room, Beyoncé is now barefoot and bare-legged, she dances seductively around Jay-Z, and leads to the controversial oral sex scene. Beyoncé is then shown wearing a green skirt and bedazzled bra while dancing Mbalax (a Senegalese & Gambian dance) around in sand. As the song progresses, she is shown dancing alone in a dark forest wearing a sparkling black dress as fireflies circle around her head. The song ends with Beyoncé leaning back in a pose as fireflies race away.

Reception edit

Reactions to the video were mixed. Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine commented it is "more thematic and thought provoking than the videos for 'Baby Boy' and 'Naughty Girl'", Beyoncé's songs from her debut album, Dangerously in Love.[16] Allhiphop's Eb Haynes described the video "visually fresh" and "couture motivated".[10] A news article published by Hindustan Times reported that a particular scene in the video is suggestive of oral sex.[61] Natalie Y. Moore of In These Times magazine echoed the latter's commentary, writing that the video showcases Beyoncé "strutting her sexuality", and that in Jay-Z's scenes it "looks as if any minute now she'll give him fellatio".[62] The video later appeared on a list of Yahoo! Music News' Worst Videos of All Time, which pointed to the negative fan reaction and stated, "It's probably the least horrific video listed ... but as far as Beyoncé videos go, it is [sic] a stinker."[63]

According to an MTV News staff report, as of July 2006, more than two thousand people had signed an online petition addressed to Beyoncé's record label, Columbia, demanding a reshoot for the video.[60] By the end of August 2006, 5000 additional fans had signed it.[16] The petition requested the clip to be taped again because it was considered to be "an underwhelming representation of the talent and quality of previous music-video projects of Ms. Beyoncé".[60] Included in the laundry list of offenses were "a lack of theme, dizzying editing, over-the-top wardrobe choices, and unacceptable interactions" between Beyoncé and her now-husband, Jay-Z. Beyoncé's dance moves were also called into question by the petition, qualifying them as "erratic, confusing and alarming at times".[60] Additionally, fans complained about the sexual theme depicted in the video, describing that some scenes as "unacceptable interactions [between Beyoncé and Jay-Z]" while also complaining of a "non-existent sexual chemistry" between the two.[63] The music video was awarded Best Video at the 2006 MOBO Awards.[40] It also received two nominations for Sexiest Video and Best Hook-Up at the 2007 MTV Australia Video Music Awards.[64]

Live performances edit

 
Beyoncé performing "Déjà Vu" in Stockholm on The Beyoncé Experience, 2007

"Déjà Vu" was performed by Beyoncé at the 2006 BET Awards on June 27 at the Shrine Auditorium. The show was opened with a performance of the song and Jay-Z joined Beyoncé onstage during the second half of the song. William Keck of USA Today commented that Beyoncé "sizzled in a revealing silver ensemble" as she performed the song.[65] She also performed "Déjà Vu" at the Fashion Rocks on September 8, 2006.[66] According to Farrah Weinstein of MTV News, Beyoncé's performance of the song was billed as a tribute to Josephine Baker, and both her stage set and outfit were in homage to the singer and dancer.[66] The set was designed like an old cabaret club, complete with male dancers bearing saxophones, and both Beyoncé and her female dancers wore Baker's trademark mini-hula skirt embellished with fake bananas.[66] She performed the song on the American morning news and talk show, Good Morning America during an episode which aired on September 8, 2006.[67][68] Beyoncé also performed the song at The Ellen DeGeneres Show on September 9, 2006,[69] and at The Tyra Banks Show on September 15, 2006.[70] At the 2006 World Music Awards on November 15, 2006, Beyoncé opened the show with a performance of "Déjà Vu".[71]

In addition to her live performances of "Déjà Vu" in awards ceremonies and televised shows, the song was included on the set list for her tours The Beyoncé Experience and I Am... World Tour.[72] During Beyoncé's performance of "Déjà Vu" at a concert in Toronto on August 25, 2007, she had a wardrobe malfunction as her dress flew over her head and was speculated to reveal her breast. However, a spokesperson for the singer denied speculations saying, "She's wearing a flesh-tone bra! Do you really think Beyoncé would go onstage like that?". The video which was uploaded to YouTube went viral.[73] Ann Powers of Los Angeles Times discussed about the malfunction, saying: "As a pop queen, Beyoncé is almost too perfect... [a] 'wardrobe malfunction' in Toronto garnered far more attention than was warranted partly because these mistakes contradicted her fiercely athletic style."[74] During the revue I Am... Yours which was a part of the tour, Beyoncé performed a jazz medley of "Déjà Vu", "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)" and "Bootylicious" and continued with a full version of the first song.[75] Concert performances of "Déjà Vu" were included on her live albums The Beyoncé Experience Live (2007),[76] I Am... Yours: An Intimate Performance at Wynn Las Vegas (2009)[77] and I Am... World Tour (2010).[78] Beyoncé performed Déjà Vu during her 2018 Coachella Performances on April 14 and 21, 2018, with a guest appearance by Jay Z, along with a live orchestra. It had been more than 8 years since she last performed the song. The same performance was featured on her and Jay-Z’s co-headlining On the Run II Tour the same year.

Cover versions edit

On January 31, 2009 Jade Ewen performed the song during the Eurovision: Your Country Needs You show. During the finale of the tenth season of American Idol on May 25, 2011, the lady contestants joined together onstage to perform "Déjà Vu" along with a medley of Beyoncé's other hit singles.[79]

Track listings edit

Credits and personnel edit

Credits are adapted from the B'Day liner notes.[80]

  • Vocals: Beyoncé Knowles, Jay-Z (raps)
  • Guitar, programming, keyboards, production: Rodney Jerkins
  • Bass guitar: Jon Jon
  • Brass: Ronald Judge, Allen "Al Geez" Arthur, Aaron "Goody" Goode.
  • Recording: Jeff Villanueva, Jim Caruana
    • Assisted by: Rob Kinelski, Jun Ishizeki
  • Mix engineers: Jason Goldstein, Rodney Jerkins

Charts edit

Certifications edit

Certifications and sales for "Déjà Vu"
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[137] Platinum 70,000‡
Canada (Music Canada)[138] Gold 40,000‡
United Kingdom (BPI)[139] Gold 400,000‡
United States (RIAA)[140] Platinum 1,000,000‡

‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Release history edit

Release dates and formats for "Déjà Vu"
Region Date Format(s) Label(s) Ref.
United States June 24, 2006 Urban contemporary radio
[21]
July 25, 2006 Digital download [141]
Japan July 26, 2006 CD Sony BMG
[142]
Australia August 7, 2006
[143]
United States August 15, 2006
  • Columbia
  • Music World
 [144][145]
Germany August 18, 2006
  • CD
  • maxi CD
 Sony BMG
[96]
United Kingdom Digital download (EP) RCA [146]
France August 21, 2006 CD Sony BMG
[147]
United Kingdom
RCA [26]

See also edit

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January 01, 1970
déjà, beyoncé, song, déjà, song, american, singer, beyoncé, featuring, rapper, produced, rodney, darkchild, jerkins, beyoncé, second, solo, album, 2006, déjà, song, which, incorporates, elements, 1970s, funk, soul, music, music, largely, based, live, instrumen. Deja Vu is a song by American singer Beyonce featuring rapper Jay Z It was produced by Rodney Darkchild Jerkins 808 Ray and Beyonce for her second solo album B Day 2006 Deja Vu is an R amp B song which incorporates elements of 1970s funk and soul music Its music is largely based on live instrumentation including bass guitar hi hat and horns except the Roland TR 808 drum machine which is a non live instrument The song s title and lyrics refer to a woman being constantly reminded of a past lover Deja Vu Single by Beyonce featuring Jay Zfrom the album B DayReleasedJune 24 2006 2006 06 24 RecordedApril 2006StudioSony Music New York CityGenreFunk hip hop R amp BLength4 00 album version 3 25 radio edit LabelColumbiaComposer s Rodney Jerkins Beyonce KnowlesLyricist s Rodney Jerkins Delisha Thomas Makeba Keli Nicole Price Shawn CarterProducer s Darkchild 808 Ray Beyonce KnowlesBeyonce singles chronology Check on It 2005 Deja Vu 2006 Ring the Alarm 2006 Jay Z singles chronology Get Throwed 2005 Deja Vu 2006 Show Me What You Got 2006 Music video Deja Vu on YouTube Deja Vu was released as the album s lead single to US radio stations on June 24 2006 The song received generally mixed critical reviews Many critics noted the similarities of Deja Vu with Beyonce s own 2003 song Crazy in Love Critics commended the assertiveness and the sensuality with which Beyonce sings the lyrics and compared her vocal delivery to that of Tina Turner in the late 1980s Deja Vu and its Freemasons club remix version received three nominations at the 2007 Grammy Awards It was recognized as the Best Song of 2006 at the Music of Black Origin MOBO Awards Commercially Deja Vu peaked at number four on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart It topped the Hot Dance Club Play chart the Hot Dance Singles Sales chart and the Hot R amp B Hip Hop Songs chart The song was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America RIAA Deja Vu peaked at number one on the UK Singles Chart and reached the top ten in over fifteen countries The song s accompanying music video was directed by Sophie Muller About 5 000 fans petitioned online for a re shoot of the video complaining about amongst other factors the lack of theme the wardrobe choice and the allegedly sexual interactions between Beyonce and Jay Z Contents 1 Background and production 2 Music and lyrics 3 Release 4 Critical reception 5 Accolades 6 Commercial performance 7 Music video 7 1 Background and synopsis 7 2 Reception 8 Live performances 9 Cover versions 10 Track listings 11 Credits and personnel 12 Charts 12 1 Weekly charts 12 2 Year end charts 13 Certifications 14 Release history 15 See also 16 ReferencesBackground and production edit nbsp Jay Z pictured joined the production at a late stage In 2005 American record producer Rodney Darkchild Jerkins and producer Jon Jon Traxx came up with the concept of doing an old school track a throwback with real bass and horns to which the song s title is partly attributed 1 Traxx with Jerkins first recorded the bass sections onto which the percussion horns and vocals were layered 1 Production took place in Jerkins New Jersey based studio and Sony Music Studios in New York City 1 Jerkins recorded a demo version of the song with vocals by American songwriter Makeba Riddick who is credited as co writer Riddick s demo version has the same lyrics as the final song 2 They presented the demo to Beyonce who later approved of it and added melodies and handled the production alongside Jerkins and 808 Ray Deja Vu also has lyrical contributions from songwriters Delisha Thomas and Keli Nicole Price and Beyonce s husband then boyfriend Jay Z 1 He became involved at a late stage when Beyonce saw him trying to sing along to a recorded version of the track and asked him to contribute Jay Z recorded rap verses for the song and hence appears as a featured guest 3 Concerning the production of Deja Vu Beyonce told MTV News When I recorded Deja Vu I knew that even before I started working on my album I wanted to add live instruments to all of my songs It s such a balance of music on the song It s still young still new and fresh but it has the old soul groove The energy is incredible It s the summer anthem I pray I feel it Rodney Jerkins is incredible Jay of course is on it he blessed the song I m happy with it 4 Music and lyrics edit Deja Vu is a contemporary R amp B song performed in a moderate hip hop groove 5 6 7 It is also influenced by late 1970s funk music 8 and it contains elements of soul music as well as dance pop music 9 According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes com by EMI Music Publishing the song is composed in the key of G minor with a time signature in common time and a moderate groove of 106 beats per minute Beyonce s vocals range from the note of D 4 to F5 5 The music is largely based on live instrumentation 10 including a bass guitar conga hi hat and horns 4 A non live instrument the Roland TR 808 drum machine provides the song s heavy and energetic disco beat 4 11 Spence D of IGN Music commented that Beyonce s vocals on the song are silky smooth and that her vocal range leans toward the high end hence contrasting to the song s low end construction 12 Mike Joseph of PopMatters noted that Deja Vu is reminiscent of Michael Jackson s Off the Wall 1980 6 nbsp Deja Vu source source track Deja Vu takes its music from various live instrumentation with the bass guitar as its foundation Several music critics have noted that Deja Vu could be considered as a sequel to Knowles 2003 single Crazy in Love 11 13 14 Other music critics also noted that Knowles vocal performance as well as the easiness and the sensuality with which she sings the lyrics to the song would remind listeners of Tina Turner when she was still young 6 15 16 17 Problems playing this file See media help The title refers to the deja vu phenomenon The lyrics to Deja Vu follow the verse pre chorus chorus pattern and feature two rap verses 5 It is hook laden similar in this respect to Crazy in Love 18 The lyrics detail a woman being constantly reminded of a past lover 1 shown in the lines Is it because I m missing you that I m having deja vu 19 As the song opens Beyonce introduces the bass hi hat and Roland TR 808 by name The sounds of the instruments blend as they are being mentioned one after the other the horns are only audible in the pre chorus and hook sections and a short section in the second rap The bass guitar which is the first instrument to enter slides into the main two bar ostinato 1 Following the repeated bass slides the hi hat and the Roland TR 808 begin playing 1 After that Beyonce mentions Jay Z the bass glides up for a vibrato rich fill giving way to the first rap 1 Backgrounded with a repeating groove Beyonce starts the first verse The pre chorus follows for which the bass changes to a more melodic tone to play something more singing in the words of Jon Jon Webb the bass player on the track 1 The melody returns to the main groove during the repeated hook This pattern repeats and leads to the second rap verse The third pre chorus comes from Jerkins idea to have the part changes on top with Webb s main groove on the bottom 1 It is followed by the main pre chorus then the hook is repeated four times After that the singing stops and the instruments fill in the space of the pre chorus The hi hat and Roland TR 808 also stop the song ends with the plucked bass and blasts of horns from the very first line of the chorus 1 Release edit Deja Vu was leaked to the internet on June 13 2006 20 On June 24 2006 it was released to radio stations in the United States 21 four weeks after Beyonce informed Columbia her record label that B Day was completed Over one month later it was released to physical formats the track was released as a CD single on July 31 2006 in the United States 22 An enhanced CD was released on September 12 containing five tracks and an additional Deja Vu multimedia track 23 24 In the United Kingdom the digital download became available on August 15 2006 25 A CD maxi and a 12 inch single were released on August 21 2006 26 Beyonce s manager approached English production team Freemasons to remix Deja Vu after hearing a remix they made for a song by singer Heather Headley 27 A club oriented version was produced and appeared on a Green Light Freemasons EP released on July 31 2007 28 A maxi single featuring the album version of the track and Freemasons club mix was released on August 5 2006 in European countries 29 The UK hits compilation album Now That s What I Call Music 65 released in 2006 features an alternative version of the single omitting Jay Z s parts and running to 3 minutes and 25 seconds Critical reception edit Deja Vu debuted to mixed and positive reviews among critics Mike Joseph of the international webzine PopMatters believed that it was fantastic to hear Beyonce singing her lungs out over a full bodied groove featuring live instruments 6 Spence D of IGN Music a multimedia news and reviews website complimented Jerkins bass laden groove writing that it brought the track to perfection 12 Describing Deja Vu as a magnificent song Caroline Sullivan of The Guardian complimented Beyonce and Jay Z collaboration calling it feverish as pre watershed pop gets 15 She added that even though when Jay Z is not physically present he manages to bring out something formidable in Beyonce that evokes the young feral Tina Turner 15 Bernard Zuel The Sydney Morning Herald praised the assertiveness with which Beyonce delivers her lines and considered buying Deja Vu as worthwhile 18 Several other music critics have compared Deja Vu to Beyonce s 2003 single Crazy in Love the lead single of her debut album According to Gail Mitchell of Billboard magazine the song is viewed by many as a sequel to Crazy in Love 30 Jason King of the Vibe magazine deemed the song as cloned from the DNA of the raucous Crazy in Love 31 while Thomas Inskeep of Stylus Magazine referred to it as Crazy in Love lite 32 Some reviewers however were negative to the parallels drawn between the two songs Andy Kellman of AllMusic an online music database wrote that Deja Vu had the audacity to not be as monstrous as Crazy in Love 8 referring to the commercial success the latter experienced in 2003 The internet based publication Pitchfork s writer Ryan Dombal claimed that this time Beyonce out bolds the beat 33 Sasha Frere Jones of The New Yorker deemed the lyrics as a perplexing view of memory 19 while Chris Richards of The Washington Post characterized Beyonce as a love dazed girlfriend in the song 34 Jody Rosen of the Entertainment Weekly referred to Deja Vu as an oddly flat choice as a lead single 35 Jaime Gill of Yahoo Music regarded Deja Vu as a good choice for a single but concluded that it does lack the kind of killer chorus to suggest that Beyonce would take one further step to outright global domination 36 On the other hand Jon Pareles of The New York Times wrote that Jay Z shows up as calmly boastful as ever in the song but he only makes Beyonce s sound more insecure 37 Kelefa Sanneh of the same publication noted that the refrain doesn t give Beyonce a chance really to show off and further described the song as a fair to middling single from a singer who is the opposite of desperate 11 Accolades edit Deja Vu was nominated for Best Rap Sung Collaboration and Best R amp B Song while the Freemasons club remix version was nominated for Best Remixed Recording Non Classical at the 2007 Grammy Awards 38 It was also nominated for Best Collaboration alongside Beyonce s other song Upgrade U featuring Jay Z at the Black Entertainment Television BET Awards 39 Deja Vu won Best Song at the 2006 MOBO Awards in the UK 40 The following year it also received two nominations for the Best R amp B Urban Dance Track and Best Pop Dance Track at the 22nd Annual International Dance Music Awards in 2007 41 The writers of Rap Up magazine put the song at number ten on their list of the ten best singles of 2006 42 In 2013 John Boone and Jennifer Cady of E Online placed the song at number six on their list of ten best Beyonce s songs 43 In a 2013 list of Jay Z s 20 Biggest Billboard Hits Deja Vu was ranked at number 19 44 In 2022 Rolling Stone named the track Beyonce s best song 45 Commercial performance edit Deja Vu debuted on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart at number 44 a month before its physical release After the release of the digital and physical components the song sold 75 000 downloads in its first week 46 It eventually peaked at number four on the Hot 100 chart 47 48 The track s Freemasons M Joshua remix topped the US Hot Dance Club Play chart while the album version peaked at number 18 on the same component chart 49 Deja Vu also reached the top spot of the Hot Dance Singles Sales and Hot R amp B Hip Hop Songs charts number nine on the Rhythmic Top 40 chart and number 14 on the Top 40 Mainstream chart 50 Deja Vu reached the top 10 in eight European countries 51 Having sold 29 365 units on its first week 52 the single reached number one on the UK Singles Chart becoming both Beyonce and Jay Z s second number one single in the UK 53 The single reached the top five in Hungary Ireland Italy Norway and Switzerland and entered the top 10 in Belgium Finland and Germany In Oceania Deja Vu peaked on the Australian Singles Chart at number 12 and on the New Zealand Singles Chart at number 15 51 Deja Vu emerged as the 98th best selling single in Australia in 2006 54 Music video editBackground and synopsis edit The music video for Deja Vu was filmed by British director Sophie Muller in New Orleans Louisiana on June 20 21 2006 with parts of the video shot at the Maple Leaf Bar and the Oak Alley Plantation in Carrollton Louisiana and Vacherie Louisiana respectively 55 56 The footage features couture inspired outfits 10 vigorous footwork and sexually themed routines The video simultaneously premiered on July 12 2006 on MTV s show TRL and Overdrive MTV s online video channel 57 It reached the top spot on the TRL Yahoo and MTV countdowns 58 The Deja Vu video topped the UK TV airplay chart in late July 2006 59 nbsp The press deemed the themes between Beyonce and Jay Z s interactions as sexually suggestive A petition by fans objected to unacceptable interactions between Beyonce and Jay Z in the music video 60 The video begins with showing Beyonce against a green wall and Jay Z sitting on a chair inside a dark room Beyonce and Jay Z then start to simultaneously play imaginary instruments mimicking the song s tune Scenes of Beyonce are then shown in several different rooms wearing different outfits As the chorus begins she is shown running around and dancing out in a large sugarcane field At the end of the chorus she dances in a red dress in front of a pond and in a large red dress out in front of a mansion When Jay Z s verse begins the two are shown alone inside a room Beyonce is now barefoot and bare legged she dances seductively around Jay Z and leads to the controversial oral sex scene Beyonce is then shown wearing a green skirt and bedazzled bra while dancing Mbalax a Senegalese amp Gambian dance around in sand As the song progresses she is shown dancing alone in a dark forest wearing a sparkling black dress as fireflies circle around her head The song ends with Beyonce leaning back in a pose as fireflies race away Reception edit Reactions to the video were mixed Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine commented it is more thematic and thought provoking than the videos for Baby Boy and Naughty Girl Beyonce s songs from her debut album Dangerously in Love 16 Allhiphop s Eb Haynes described the video visually fresh and couture motivated 10 A news article published by Hindustan Times reported that a particular scene in the video is suggestive of oral sex 61 Natalie Y Moore of In These Times magazine echoed the latter s commentary writing that the video showcases Beyonce strutting her sexuality and that in Jay Z s scenes it looks as if any minute now she ll give him fellatio 62 The video later appeared on a list of Yahoo Music News Worst Videos of All Time which pointed to the negative fan reaction and stated It s probably the least horrific video listed but as far as Beyonce videos go it is sic a stinker 63 According to an MTV News staff report as of July 2006 more than two thousand people had signed an online petition addressed to Beyonce s record label Columbia demanding a reshoot for the video 60 By the end of August 2006 5000 additional fans had signed it 16 The petition requested the clip to be taped again because it was considered to be an underwhelming representation of the talent and quality of previous music video projects of Ms Beyonce 60 Included in the laundry list of offenses were a lack of theme dizzying editing over the top wardrobe choices and unacceptable interactions between Beyonce and her now husband Jay Z Beyonce s dance moves were also called into question by the petition qualifying them as erratic confusing and alarming at times 60 Additionally fans complained about the sexual theme depicted in the video describing that some scenes as unacceptable interactions between Beyonce and Jay Z while also complaining of a non existent sexual chemistry between the two 63 The music video was awarded Best Video at the 2006 MOBO Awards 40 It also received two nominations for Sexiest Video and Best Hook Up at the 2007 MTV Australia Video Music Awards 64 Live performances edit nbsp Beyonce performing Deja Vu in Stockholm on The Beyonce Experience 2007 Deja Vu was performed by Beyonce at the 2006 BET Awards on June 27 at the Shrine Auditorium The show was opened with a performance of the song and Jay Z joined Beyonce onstage during the second half of the song William Keck of USA Today commented that Beyonce sizzled in a revealing silver ensemble as she performed the song 65 She also performed Deja Vu at the Fashion Rocks on September 8 2006 66 According to Farrah Weinstein of MTV News Beyonce s performance of the song was billed as a tribute to Josephine Baker and both her stage set and outfit were in homage to the singer and dancer 66 The set was designed like an old cabaret club complete with male dancers bearing saxophones and both Beyonce and her female dancers wore Baker s trademark mini hula skirt embellished with fake bananas 66 She performed the song on the American morning news and talk show Good Morning America during an episode which aired on September 8 2006 67 68 Beyonce also performed the song at The Ellen DeGeneres Show on September 9 2006 69 and at The Tyra Banks Show on September 15 2006 70 At the 2006 World Music Awards on November 15 2006 Beyonce opened the show with a performance of Deja Vu 71 In addition to her live performances of Deja Vu in awards ceremonies and televised shows the song was included on the set list for her tours The Beyonce Experience and I Am World Tour 72 During Beyonce s performance of Deja Vu at a concert in Toronto on August 25 2007 she had a wardrobe malfunction as her dress flew over her head and was speculated to reveal her breast However a spokesperson for the singer denied speculations saying She s wearing a flesh tone bra Do you really think Beyonce would go onstage like that The video which was uploaded to YouTube went viral 73 Ann Powers of Los Angeles Times discussed about the malfunction saying As a pop queen Beyonce is almost too perfect a wardrobe malfunction in Toronto garnered far more attention than was warranted partly because these mistakes contradicted her fiercely athletic style 74 During the revue I Am Yours which was a part of the tour Beyonce performed a jazz medley of Deja Vu It Don t Mean a Thing If It Ain t Got That Swing and Bootylicious and continued with a full version of the first song 75 Concert performances of Deja Vu were included on her live albums The Beyonce Experience Live 2007 76 I Am Yours An Intimate Performance at Wynn Las Vegas 2009 77 and I Am World Tour 2010 78 Beyonce performed Deja Vu during her 2018 Coachella Performances on April 14 and 21 2018 with a guest appearance by Jay Z along with a live orchestra It had been more than 8 years since she last performed the song The same performance was featured on her and Jay Z s co headlining On the Run II Tour the same year Cover versions editOn January 31 2009 Jade Ewen performed the song during the Eurovision Your Country Needs You show During the finale of the tenth season of American Idol on May 25 2011 the lady contestants joined together onstage to perform Deja Vu along with a medley of Beyonce s other hit singles 79 Track listings editJapanese CD single Deja Vu Album Version 3 59 Australian European and US CD single Deja Vu Album Version 3 58 Deja Vu Freemasons Radio Mix 3 15 US CD maxi single Deja Vu Album Version 4 00 Deja Vu Freemasons Radio Mix 3 15 Deja Vu Freemasons Radio Mix No Rap 3 15 Deja Vu Maurice s Nusoul Mix 6 01 Deja Vu Maurice s Nusoul Mixshow Mix 5 58 German CD maxi single Deja Vu Album Version 3 58 Deja Vu Freemasons Radio Mix 3 15 Deja Vu Freemasons Club Mix No Rap 8 05 Deja Vu Maurice s Nusoul Mix 6 01 Deja Vu Maurice s Nusoul Mixshow Mix 5 58 Deja Vu Video 4 01 US 12 inch vinyl Deja Vu Main Version 4 00 Deja Vu Instrumental 4 00 Deja Vu Main Version 4 00 Deja Vu A Capella 3 52 12 inch vinyl Club Mixes Deja Vu Freemasons Club Mix No Rap 8 05 Deja Vu Freemasons Radio Mix 3 15 Deja Vu Freemasons Club Mix Instrumental 8 00 Deja Vu Freemasons Radio Mix Instrumental 3 15Credits and personnel editCredits are adapted from the B Day liner notes 80 Vocals Beyonce Knowles Jay Z raps Guitar programming keyboards production Rodney Jerkins Bass guitar Jon Jon Brass Ronald Judge Allen Al Geez Arthur Aaron Goody Goode Recording Jeff Villanueva Jim Caruana Assisted by Rob Kinelski Jun Ishizeki Mix engineers Jason Goldstein Rodney JerkinsCharts editWeekly charts edit Weekly chart performance for Deja Vu Chart 2006 Peakposition Australia ARIA 81 12 Australian Urban ARIA 82 4 Austria O3 Austria Top 40 83 12 Belgium Ultratop 50 Flanders 84 8 Belgium Ultratop 50 Wallonia 85 19 Canada CHR Top 40 Billboard 86 12 Canada Hot AC Billboard 87 41 CIS TopHit 88 43 Croatia HRT 89 8 Czech Republic Radio Top 100 90 21 Denmark Airplay Tracklisten 91 16 European Hot 100 Singles Billboard 92 2 Finland Suomen virallinen lista 93 6 France SNEP 94 23 France Airplay SNEP 95 10 Germany Official German Charts 96 9 Global Dance Songs Billboard 97 3 Greece IFPI 98 8 Hungary Radios Top 40 99 4 Hungary Single Top 40 100 2 Ireland IRMA 101 3 Italy FIMI 102 4 Japan Oricon 103 46 Netherlands Dutch Top 40 104 17 Netherlands Single Top 100 105 13 New Zealand Recorded Music NZ 106 15 Norway VG lista 107 3 Romania Romanian Top 100 108 1 Scotland OCC 109 4 Slovakia Radio Top 100 110 43 Sweden Sverigetopplistan 111 11 Switzerland Schweizer Hitparade 112 3 UK Singles OCC 113 1 UK Hip Hop R amp B OCC 114 1 US Billboard Hot 100 115 4 US Adult R amp B Songs Billboard 116 20 US Dance Club Songs Billboard 117 1 US Hot R amp B Hip Hop Songs Billboard 118 1 US Mainstream Top 40 Billboard 119 14 US Pop 100 Billboard 50 10 US Rhythmic Billboard 120 9 Year end charts edit Year end chart performance for Deja Vu Chart 2006 Position Australia ARIA 121 98 Australia Urban ARIA 121 34 Belgium Ultratop 50 Flanders 122 75 Brazil Crowley 123 19 CIS TopHit 124 175 European Hot 100 Singles Billboard 125 50 Germany Official German Charts 126 80 Italy FIMI 127 49 Romania Romanian Top 100 128 64 Switzerland Schweizer Hitparade 129 55 UK Singles OCC 130 56 UK Urban Music Week 131 7 US Billboard Hot 100 132 75 US Dance Club Songs Billboard 133 40 US Hot R amp B Hip Hop Songs Billboard 134 25 US Pop 100 Billboard 135 95 Chart 2007 Position Brazil Crowley 136 40Certifications editCertifications and sales for Deja Vu Region Certification Certified units sales Australia ARIA 137 Platinum 70 000 Canada Music Canada 138 Gold 40 000 United Kingdom BPI 139 Gold 400 000 United States RIAA 140 Platinum 1 000 000 Sales streaming figures based on certification alone Release history editRelease dates and formats for Deja Vu Region Date Format s Label s Ref United States June 24 2006 Urban contemporary radio ColumbiaMusic World 21 July 25 2006 Digital download 141 Japan July 26 2006 CD Sony BMG 142 Australia August 7 2006 143 United States August 15 2006 Digital download 2 track maxi CD ColumbiaMusic World 144 145 Germany August 18 2006 CDmaxi CD Sony BMG 96 United Kingdom Digital download EP RCA 146 France August 21 2006 CD Sony BMG 147 United Kingdom 12 inch vinylCD RCA 26 See also editList of number one dance singles of 2006 U S List of number one R amp B singles of 2006 U S List of UK Singles Chart number ones of the 2000sReferences edit a b c d e f g h i j k Jisi Chris December 2006 Jon Jon Webb s Complete Bass Line Beyonce s Deja Vu Bass Player NewBay Media Archived from the original on November 10 2007 Retrieved January 23 2011 Reid Shaheem Be All You Can B MTV News 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