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Tina Turner

November 21, 2023

Tina Turner (born Anna Mae Bullock; November 26, 1939 – May 24, 2023) was a singer, songwriter and actress. Known as the "Queen of Rock 'n' Roll", she rose to prominence as the lead singer of the husband-wife duo Ike & Tina Turner before launching a successful career as a solo performer. She was recognized for her "swagger, sensuality, powerful gravelly vocals and unstoppable energy."[4][5][6] A resident of Küsnacht, Switzerland, from 1994 until her death, Turner relinquished her American citizenship after obtaining Swiss citizenship in 2013.[7]

Tina Turner
Turner in 1985
Born
Anna Mae Bullock

(1939-11-26)November 26, 1939
Brownsville, Tennessee, US
DiedMay 24, 2023(2023-05-24) (aged 83)
Küsnacht, Zürich, Switzerland
Other namesMartha Nell Turner
Citizenship
  • United States (until 2013)
  • Switzerland (from 2013)
Occupations
  • Singer
  • songwriter
  • actress
  • author
Years active1956–2009
WorksFull discography
Spouses
  • ​
    ​
    (m. 1962; div. 1978)​
  • Erwin Bach
    ​
    (m. 2013)​
Children4[1]
Relatives
AwardsFull list
Musical career
Genres
Instrument(s)Vocals
Labels
Formerly of
Websitetinaturnerofficial.com
Signature

Turner began her career with her ex-husband Ike Turner's band the Kings of Rhythm in 1956.[8] Under the name Little Ann, she appeared on her first record, "Boxtop", in 1958. In 1960, she debuted as Tina Turner with the hit single "A Fool in Love". The Ike & Tina Turner Revue became "one of the most formidable live acts in history."[9] The duo released hits such as "It's Gonna Work Out Fine", "River Deep – Mountain High", "Proud Mary", and "Nutbush City Limits", before disbanding in 1976.

In the 1980s, Turner launched "one of the greatest comebacks in music history."[10] Her 1984 multi-platinum album Private Dancer contained the hit song "What's Love Got to Do with It", which won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year and became her first and only number-one song on the Billboard Hot 100. At 44, she was the oldest female solo artist to top the Hot 100.[11] Her chart success continued with "Better Be Good to Me", "Private Dancer", "We Don't Need Another Hero (Thunderdome)", "Typical Male", "The Best", "I Don't Wanna Fight", and "GoldenEye". She embarked on the Break Every Rule World Tour (1987–1988), which became the top-grossing female tour of the 1980s and set a Guinness World Record for the then-largest paying audience in a concert (180,000).[12]

Turner also acted in the films Tommy (1975) and Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome (1985). In 1986, she published her autobiography I, Tina: My Life Story, which was adapted for the 1993 film What's Love Got to Do with It. In 2009, Turner retired after completing her Tina!: 50th Anniversary Tour. In 2018, she became the subject of Tina, a jukebox musical.

Turner sold more than 100 million records worldwide, becoming one of the best-selling recording artists of all time.[13] She received 12 Grammy Awards, which include eight competitive awards, a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and three Grammy Hall of Fame inductions. She was the first black artist and first woman to be on the cover of Rolling Stone.[14] Rolling Stone ranked her among the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time and the 100 Greatest Singers of All Time. Turner has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and on the St. Louis Walk of Fame. She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice, with Ike Turner in 1991 and as a solo artist in 2021. She was also a 2005 recipient of the Kennedy Center Honors and Women of the Year award.[15]

Early life edit

Turner was born as Anna Mae Bullock[a] on November 26, 1939,[16][17][18] in Brownsville, Tennessee,[19][20][21] the youngest daughter of Floyd Richard Bullock and his wife Zelma Priscilla (née Currie).[19][22] The family lived in the nearby rural unincorporated community of Nutbush, Tennessee, where her father worked as an overseer of the sharecroppers at Poindexter Farm on Highway 180; she later recalled picking cotton with her family at an early age.[23][24] When she participated in the PBS series African American Lives 2 with Henry Louis Gates Jr., he shared her genealogical DNA test estimates and traced her family timeline.[25] Previously, she believed she had a significant amount of Native American ancestry.[26]

Bullock had two older sisters, Evelyn Juanita Currie and Ruby Alline Bullock, a songwriter.[27] She was the first cousin once removed of bluesman Eugene Bridges.[28] As young children, the three sisters were separated when their parents relocated to Knoxville, Tennessee, to work at a defense facility during World War II.[24] Bullock went to stay with her strict, religious paternal grandparents, Alex and Roxanna Bullock, who were deacon and deaconess at the Woodlawn Missionary Baptist Church.[29][24] After the war, the sisters reunited with their parents and moved with them to Knoxville.[24] Two years later, the family returned to Nutbush to live in the Flagg Grove community, where Bullock attended Flagg Grove Elementary School from first through eighth grade.[30][31]

As a young girl, Bullock sang in the church choir at Nutbush's Spring Hill Baptist Church.[32][33] In 1950, when she was 11, her mother Zelma left without warning, seeking freedom from her abusive relationship with Floyd by relocating to St. Louis.[34] Two years after her mother left the family, her father married another woman and moved to Detroit. Bullock and her sisters were sent to live with their maternal grandmother, Georgeanna Currie, in Brownsville, Tennessee.[34] She stated in her autobiography I, Tina that she felt her parents did not love her and that she was not wanted.[35] Zelma had planned to leave Floyd but stayed once she became pregnant.[36] Turner recalled: "She was a very young woman who didn't want another kid."[36]

As a teenager, Bullock worked as a domestic worker for the Henderson family in Ripley, Tennessee.[37] She was at the Henderson house when she was notified that her half-sister Evelyn had died in a car crash alongside her cousins Margaret and Vela Evans.[38] A self-professed tomboy, Bullock joined both the cheerleading squad and the female basketball team at Carver High School in Brownsville, and "socialized every chance she got."[23][34] When Bullock was 16, her grandmother died, so she went to live with her mother in St. Louis. She graduated from Sumner High School in 1958.[39] After high school, Bullock worked as a nurse's aide at Barnes-Jewish Hospital.[40]

Ike and Tina Turner edit

Main article: Ike & Tina Turner

Origins: 1956–1960 edit

"I would have been lost in my life at that point without him. I mean, I could do two things: work in a hospital or sing in Ike's band. I didn't know anything else. Or anyone else. And I wanted to sing."

— Tina Turner (1986)[41]

Bullock and her sister began to perform frequently at nightclubs in St. Louis and East St. Louis.[34] She first saw Ike Turner perform with his band the Kings of Rhythm at the Club Manhattan in East St. Louis.[34] Bullock was impressed by his talent, recalling that she "almost went into a trance" watching him play.[42] She asked Turner to let her sing in his band despite the fact that few women had ever sung with him.[33] Turner said he'd call her but never did.[43] One night in 1956, she got hold of the microphone from Kings of Rhythm drummer Eugene Washington during an intermission and she sang the B.B. King blues ballad, "You Know I Love You".[44][8] Upon hearing her sing, Turner asked her if she knew more songs. She sang the rest of the night and became a featured vocalist with his band.[45][46][47] During this period, he taught her the finer points of vocal control and performance.[45] Bullock's first recording was in 1958 under the name Little Ann on the single "Boxtop". She is credited as a vocalist on the record alongside Ike and fellow Kings of Rhythm singer Carlson Oliver.[48]

In 1960, Turner wrote "A Fool in Love" for singer Art Lassiter. Bullock was to sing background with Lassiter's backing vocalists, the Artettes. Lassiter failed to show up for the recording session at Technisonic Studios.[49] Since Turner had already paid for the studio time, Bullock suggested that she sing the lead.[50][51] He decided to use her to record a demo with the intention of erasing her vocals and adding Lassiter's at a later date.[51][45] Local St. Louis disc jockey Dave Dixon convinced Turner to send the tape to Juggy Murray, president of R&B label Sue Records.[52][53] Upon hearing the song, Murray was impressed with Bullock's vocals, later stating that "Tina sounded like screaming dirt. It was a funky sound."[53] Murray bought the track and paid Turner a $25,000 advance for the recording and publishing rights.[53][54][55] Murray also convinced Turner to make Bullock "the star of the show".[55] Turner responded by renaming her "Tina" because it rhymed with Sheena.[53][56] He was inspired by Sheena, Queen of the Jungle and Nyoka the Jungle Girl to create her stage persona.[57][58] Turner added his last name and trademarked the name as a form of protection, so that if Bullock left him like his previous singers had, he could replace her with another "Tina Turner".[59] Family and friends still called her Ann, the name she chose to go by as a teenager.[60][61]

Early success: 1960–1965 edit

 
Ike & Tina Turner on the cover of Cash Box's June 30, 1962 issue

Bullock was introduced to the public as Tina Turner with the single "A Fool in Love" in July 1960.[62] It reached No. 2 on the Hot R&B Sides chart and No. 27 on the Billboard Hot 100. Journalist Kurt Loder described the track as "the blackest record to ever creep into the white pop charts since Ray Charles's gospel-styled 'What'd I Say' that previous summer".[53][63] Another single from the duo, "It's Gonna Work Out Fine", reached No. 14 on the Hot 100 and No. 2 on the R&B chart in 1961, earning them a Grammy nomination for Best Rock and Roll Performance.[64] Other singles Ike & Tina released between 1960 and 1962 included the R&B hits "I Idolize You", "Poor Fool", and "Tra La La La La".[65]

After the release of "A Fool in Love", Ike created the Ike & Tina Turner Revue, which included the Kings of Rhythm and a girl group, the Ikettes, as backing vocalists and dancers. He remained in the background as the bandleader. Ike put the entire revue through a rigorous touring schedule across the United States, performing 90 days straight in venues around the country.[66] During the days of the Chitlin' Circuit, the Ike & Tina Turner Revue built a reputation as "one of the hottest, most durable, and potentially most explosive of all R&B ensembles", rivaling the James Brown Revue in terms of musical spectacle.[67] Due to their profitable performances, they were able to perform in front of desegregated audiences in Southern clubs and hotels.[68]

Between 1963 and 1965, the band toured constantly and produced moderately successful R&B singles. Turner's first credited single as a solo artist, "Too Many Ties That Bind"/"We Need an Understanding", was released from Ike's label Sonja Records in 1964.[69][70] Another single by the duo, "You Can't Miss Nothing That You Never Had", reached No. 29 on the Billboard R&B chart. After their tenure at Sue Records, the duo signed with more than ten labels during the remainder of the decade, including Kent, Cenco, Tangerine, Pompeii, A&M, and Minit.[71][72] In 1964, they signed to Warner Bros. Records and Bob Krasnow became their manager.[73][74] On the Warner Bros. label, they achieved their first charting album with Live! The Ike & Tina Turner Show, peaking at No. 8 on the Billboard Hot R&B LP chart in February 1965.[75] Their singles "Tell Her I'm Not Home", released on Loma Records, and "Good Bye, So Long", released on Modern Records, were top 40 R&B hits in 1965.[76]

Turner's profile was raised after several solo appearances on shows such as American Bandstand and Shindig! while the entire revue appeared on Hollywood a Go-Go.[77] In 1965, music producer Phil Spector attended an Ike & Tina Turner show at a club on the Sunset Strip, and he invited them to appear in the concert film The Big T.N.T. Show.[78]

Mainstream success: 1966–1975 edit

 
Ike & Tina Turner by Dennis Hopper in 1966

Impressed by the duo's performance on The Big T.N.T. Show, Phil Spector was eager to produce Turner.[79] Working out a deal with Ike & Tina Turner's manager Bob Krasnow, who was also head of Loma, Spector offered $20,000 for creative control over the sessions to produce Turner and have them released from their contract with Loma.[80][20] They signed to Spector's Philles label in April 1966 after Turner had already recorded with him.[81] Their first single on his label, "River Deep – Mountain High", was released in May 1966. Spector considered that record, with Turner's maximum energy over the "Wall of Sound", to be his best work.[82] It was successful overseas, reaching No. 3 on the UK Singles Chart and No. 1 on Los 40 Principales in Spain,[83] but it failed to go any higher than No. 88 on the Billboard Hot 100.[84] The impact of the record gave Ike & Tina Turner an opening spot on the Rolling Stones UK tour in the fall of 1966.[85] In November 1967, Turner became the first female artist and the first black artist to appear on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine.[86][87]

The duo signed with Blue Thumb Records in 1968, releasing the album Outta Season in 1969. The album produced their charted cover of Otis Redding's "I've Been Loving You Too Long". Later that year they released The Hunter. The title track, Albert King's "The Hunter", earned Turner a Grammy nomination for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance.[64] The success of the albums led to the revue headlining in Las Vegas, where their shows were attended by a variety of celebrities including David Bowie, Sly Stone, Janis Joplin, Cher, James Brown, Ray Charles, Elton John, and Elvis Presley.[88]

As the decade came to an end, Ike & Tina Turner began performing at music festivals.[89] Turner's fashion evolved from formal dresses to minidresses and revealing outfits.[90] She emerged as a sex symbol and was praised for her sensual performances.[8][91]

 
Turner performing on stage at Tulane Stadium during Soul Bowl '70 in October 1970

In the fall of 1969, Ike & Tina Turner's profile in their home country was raised after opening for the Rolling Stones on their US tour.[9] They gained more exposure from performances on The Ed Sullivan Show, Playboy After Dark, and The Andy Williams Show.[92][93][94] The duo released two albums in 1970, Come Together and Workin' Together. Their cover of "I Want to Take You Higher" peaked at No. 34 on the Hot 100, whereas the original by Sly and the Family Stone had peaked at No. 38.[76] The Come Together and Workin' Together albums marked a turning point in their careers in which they switched from their usual R&B repertoire to incorporate more rock tunes such as "Come Together", "Honky Tonk Woman", and "Get Back".[95][96]

In early 1971, their cover of Creedence Clearwater Revival's "Proud Mary" became their biggest hit. The single reached No. 4 on the Hot 100 and sold more than a million copies, winning them a Grammy for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group.[97][98][99] In July 1971, their live album, What You Hear Is What You Get, was released. It was recorded at Carnegie Hall and became their first certified Gold album. Later that year they had a top 40 R&B hit with "Ooh Poo Pah Doo".[76] Their next three singles to chart, "I'm Yours (Use Me Anyway You Wanna)", "Up in Heah", and "Early One Morning" (a Little Richard cover) all peaked at No. 47 on the R&B chart.[76]

In 1972, the Turners opened Bolic Sound recording studio near their home in Inglewood.[100] After Liberty was absorbed into United Artists Records, they were assigned to that label.[101] Around this time, Turner began writing more songs. She wrote nine out of the ten tracks on their 1972 album Feel Good.[102] In October 1972, Turner and the Ikettes performed at Star-Spangled Women, a political fundraiser for the 1972 presidential campaign of George McGovern, at Madison Square Garden in New York City.[103]

The duo's 1973 hit single "Nutbush City Limits" (No. 22 Pop, No. 11 R&B), penned by Turner, reached No. 1 in Austria, No. 4 in the UK, and the top 5 in several other countries.[104] It was certified Silver by the BPI for selling a quarter of a million in the UK.[105] As a result of their success, they received the Golden European Record Award, the first ever given, for selling more than one million records of "Nutbush City Limits" in Europe.[106] Their follow-up hits included "Sweet Rhode Island Red", and "Sexy Ida" in 1974.[76]

In 1974, the duo released the Grammy-nominated album The Gospel According to Ike & Tina, which was nominated for Best Soul Gospel Performance.[64] Ike also received a solo nomination for his single "Father Alone" from the album.[107] Turner's first solo album, Tina Turns the Country On!, earned her a nomination for Best R&B Vocal Performance, Female.[108] That year, Turner filmed the rock opera Tommy in London.[109] She played the Acid Queen, a drug-addicted prostitute; her performance was critically acclaimed. Shortly after filming wrapped, Turner appeared on Ann-Margret's TV special.[110] Following the release of Tommy in 1975, another solo album by Turner was released titled Acid Queen.[111] The album reached No. 39 on the Billboard R&B chart. It produced the charting singles "Baby, Get It On" and a cover of Led Zeppelin's "Whole Lotta Love".[112]

Split: 1976 edit

By the mid-1970s, Ike was heavily addicted to cocaine, which hindered his relationship with Turner.[113] In 1976, they headlined at the Waldorf Astoria New York and signed a television deal with CBS-TV. He made plans to leave United Artists Records for a five-year deal with Cream Records for $150,000 per year; the deal was to be signed on July 5.[114]

On July 1, the Turners flew from Los Angeles to Dallas, where the revue had a gig at the Statler Hilton in downtown. The couple got into a physical altercation en route to the hotel. Shortly after arriving, Turner fled from Ike with only 36 cents and a Mobil gas card and later hid at the Ramada Inn across the freeway.[115] She filed for divorce on July 27, and it was finalized on March 29, 1978.[116][117] After their separation, United Artists released two more albums credited to the duo: Delilah's Power (1977) and Airwaves (1978).[118][119]

Solo career edit

Early solo career: 1976–1982 edit

In 1976 and 1977, Turner earned income by appearing on TV shows such as The Hollywood Squares, Donny & Marie, The Sonny & Cher Show, and The Brady Bunch Hour.[120] After her separation from Ike, lawsuits were mounting for canceled Ike & Tina Turner gigs.[121][122] She resumed touring to pay off her debts, with finances given to her by United Artists executive Mike Stewart.[123] In 1977, she re-emerged with new costumes created by Bob Mackie.[124] She headlined a series of cabaret shows at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas and took her act to smaller venues in the United States.[125] Later that year, she embarked on her first solo concert tour in Australia.[126]

In 1978, Turner released her third solo album, Rough, on United Artists with distribution in North America and Europe on EMI. That album, along with its 1979 follow-up, Love Explosion, which included a brief diversion to disco music, failed to chart, so United Artists Records and Turner parted ways.[127] Without the premise of a hit record, she continued performing and headlined her second tour.[128]

In 1979, Australian manager Roger Davies agreed to manage Turner after seeing her perform at the Fairmont Hotel in San Francisco.[129] In early 1979, Turner worked in Italy as a regular performer on the Rete 1 TV series Luna Park, hosted by Pippo Baudo and Heather Parisi.[130] Later that year, she embarked on a controversial five-week tour of South Africa during the apartheid regime.[131] She later regretted the decision, stating that she was "naive about the politics in South Africa" at the time.[132]

In October 1981, Rod Stewart attended Turner's show at the Ritz in New York City and invited her to perform "Hot Legs" with him on Saturday Night Live.[133] In November, Turner opened for the Rolling Stones during their 1981 American Tour.[134] Turner performed in March 1982 in the Willem Ruis show (Netherlands), which resulted in the hit "Shame, Shame, Shame" (reaching No. 47 in the Netherlands). In 1982 Turner's recording of the Temptations' "Ball of Confusion" for the UK production team B.E.F. became a hit in European dance clubs.[135] In 1982, Turner also appeared on the album Music of Quality and Distinction Volume 1 by B.E.F., a side project of Heaven 17, singing "Ball of Confusion". She filmed a music video for "Ball of Confusion" that aired on the fledgling music video channel MTV, becoming one of the first black American artists to gain airtime on the channel.[136] Also in 1982, Turner appeared as a special guest on Chuck Berry's television special performed at The Roxy in West Hollywood.[137]

Career resurgence and superstardom: 1983–2000 edit

Until 1983, Turner was considered a nostalgia act, performing mostly at hotel ballrooms and clubs in the United States.[138] During her second stint at the Ritz, she signed with Capitol Records in 1983.[139] In November 1983, she released her cover of Al Green's "Let's Stay Together", which was produced by B.E.F. It reached several European charts, including No. 6 in the UK.[140][141] In the US, the song peaked at No. 26 on the Billboard Hot 100, No. 1 on Hot Dance Club Songs, and No. 3 on Hot Black Singles.[142]

Following the single's surprise success, Capitol Records approved a studio album. Turner had two weeks to record her Private Dancer album, which was released in May 1984.[138] It reached No. 3 on the Billboard 200 and No. 2 in the United Kingdom.[143][144] Private Dancer was certified 5× Platinum in the United States,[145] and sold 10 million copies worldwide, becoming her most successful album.[146][147] Also in May 1984, Capitol issued the album's second single, "What's Love Got to Do with It";[148] the song had previously been recorded by the pop group Bucks Fizz.[149] Following the album's release, Turner joined Lionel Richie as the opening act on his tour.[138]

On September 1, 1984, Turner achieved her first and only No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 with "What's Love Got to Do with It".[142] The follow-up singles "Better Be Good to Me" and "Private Dancer" were both US top 10 hits.[150] The same year, she duetted with David Bowie on a cover of Iggy Pop's "Tonight". Released as a single in November, it peaked at No. 53 in both the UK and the US.[151]

Turner culminated her comeback when she won three Grammys at the 27th Annual Grammy Awards, including the Grammy Award for Record of the Year for "What's Love Got to Do with It".[64] In February 1985, she embarked on her second world tour to support the Private Dancer album. Two nights were filmed at Birmingham, England's NEC Arena and later released as a concert on home video. During this time, she also contributed vocals to the USA for Africa benefit song "We Are the World".[152]

Turner's success continued when she traveled to Australia to star opposite Mel Gibson in the 1985 post-apocalyptic film Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome. The movie provided her with her first acting role in ten years; she portrayed the glamorous Aunty Entity, the ruler of Bartertown.[153] Upon release, critical response to her performance was generally positive.[154] The film was a global success, grossing more than $36 million in the United States.[155] Turner later received the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress for her role in the film.[156] She recorded two songs for the film, "We Don't Need Another Hero (Thunderdome)" and "One of the Living"; both became hits, with the latter winning her a Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance.[64] In July 1985, Turner performed at Live Aid alongside Mick Jagger.[157] Their performance shocked observers when Jagger ripped her skirt off.[158][21] Turner released a duet, "It's Only Love", with Bryan Adams.[159] It was nominated for a Grammy Award, and the music video won an MTV Video Music Award for Best Stage Performance.[160]

In 1986, Turner released her sixth solo album, Break Every Rule, which reached No. 1 in four countries and sold over five million copies worldwide within its first year of release.[161] The album sold more than a million copies in the United States and Germany alone.[162][145] The album featured the singles "Typical Male", "Two People", "What You Get Is What You See ", and the Grammy-winning "Back Where You Started". Prior to the album's release, Turner published her autobiography I, Tina, which became a bestseller. That year, she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[163] Her Break Every Rule World Tour, which began in March 1987 in Munich, Germany, was the third highest-grossing tour by a female artist in North America that year.[164] In January 1988, Turner performed in front of approximately 180,000 at Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, setting a Guinness World Record at the time for the largest paying concert attendance for a solo artist.[165][166] In April 1988, Turner released the Tina Live in Europe album, which won a Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance.[167] After taking time off following the end of the tour, she emerged with the Foreign Affair album in 1989. It reached No. 1 in eight countries, including in the UK (5× Platinum), her first number-one album there. The album sold over six million copies worldwide and included the international hit single "The Best".[168][169]

In 1990, Turner embarked on her Foreign Affair European Tour, which drew in nearly four million spectators—breaking the record for a European tour that was previously set by the Rolling Stones.[170] In October 1991 Turner released her first greatest hits compilation Simply the Best, which sold seven million copies worldwide.[171] The album is her biggest seller in the UK, where it's certified 8× Platinum with more than two million copies sold.[172]

[...] Private Dancer was the beginning of my success in England and basically Europe has been very supportive of my music. [...] [I am] not as big as Madonna [in the United States]. I'm as big as Madonna in Europe. I'm as big as, in some places [in Europe], as the Rolling Stones [sic].

—Turner reflecting on her European success, Larry King Live, 1997[173]

In 1991, Ike & Tina Turner were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[174] Ike Turner was incarcerated at the time and Tina Turner did not attend.[175] Turner stated through her publicist that she was taking a leave of absence following her tour and she felt "emotionally unequipped to return to the U.S. and respond to the night of celebration in the manner she would want."[176] Phil Spector accepted the award on their behalf.[177]

In 1993, the semi-autobiographical film What's Love Got to Do with It was released.[178] The film starred Angela Bassett as Tina Turner and Laurence Fishburne as Ike Turner; they received Best Actress and Best Actor Oscar nominations for their roles.[179] While she was not heavily involved in the film, Turner contributed to the soundtrack for What's Love Got to Do with It, re-recording old songs and several new songs. The single "I Don't Wanna Fight" from the soundtrack was a top 10 hit in the US and UK.[180][181] In 1993 Turner embarked on her What's Love? Tour, which visited primarily North America with a few shows in Australasia and Europe.

In 1995, Turner returned to the studio, releasing "GoldenEye", which was written by Bono and the Edge of U2 for the James Bond film GoldenEye.[182] In 1996 Turner released the Wildest Dreams album, accompanied by her "Wildest Dreams Tour". In September 1999, before celebrating her 60th birthday, Turner released the dance-infused song "When the Heartache Is Over" as the leading single from her tenth and final solo album, Twenty Four Seven.[183] The success of the single and the following tour helped the album become certified Gold by the RIAA.[145] The Twenty Four Seven Tour was the highest-grossing tour of 2000, grossing over $120 million.[184] Her two concerts at Wembley Stadium were recorded by the director David Mallet and released in the DVD One Last Time Live in Concert.[185] At a July 2000 concert in Zürich, Switzerland, Turner announced that she would retire at the end of the tour.[186]

Later career: 2001–2021 edit

 
Turner during her 50th Anniversary Tour in 2009

In November 2004, Turner released All the Best, which debuted at No. 2 on the Billboard 200 in 2005, her highest charting album in the United States.[187] The album went platinum in the US three months after its release and reached platinum status in seven other countries, including the UK.[188][189]

In December 2005, Turner was recognized by the Kennedy Center Honors at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, DC, and was elected to join an elite group of entertainers.[190]

In February 2006, Turner released "Teach Me Again", a duet single with Italian singer-songwriter Elisa that was recorded for the anthology film All the Invisible Children.[191][192] The whole revenue from the single's sales was donated to charity projects for children led by the World Food Programme and UNICEF.[191]

Turner made a public comeback in February 2008 at the Grammy Awards, where she performed alongside Beyoncé.[193][194] In addition, she won a Grammy as a featured artist on River: The Joni Letters. In October 2008, Turner embarked on her first tour in nearly ten years with the Tina!: 50th Anniversary Tour.[195][196] In support of the tour, Turner released a greatest hits compilation. The tour was a huge success and became one of the bestselling tours of all time.[184] In 2009, Turner officially retired from performing.[11][197]

In 2009, Turner co-founded a global music foundation, Beyond Foundation,[198] with Swiss Christian musician Regula Curti and Swiss Tibetan Buddhist Dechen Shak-Dagsay. Turner co-released four albums of spiritual or uplifting music released through projects with Beyond: Buddhist and Christian Prayers (2009), Children (2011), Love Within (2014), and Awakening (2017). As of 2023, the Swiss Beyond Foundation remains active and enables the collaboration of musical artists from different parts of the world.[199]

In April 2010, mainly due to an online campaign by fans of Rangers Football Club, Turner's 1989 hit, "The Best", returned to the UK singles chart, peaking at No. 9. This made Turner the first female recording artist in UK chart history to score top 40 hits in six consecutive decades (1960s–2010s).[200] In 2011, Beyond's second album Children – With Children United in Prayer followed and charted again in Switzerland. Turner promoted the album by performing on TV shows in Germany and Switzerland. In April 2013, Turner appeared on the cover of the German issue of Vogue magazine at the age of 73, becoming the oldest person to be featured on the cover of Vogue.[201] In February 2014, Parlophone Records released a new compilation titled Love Songs.[11]

 
The musical Tina playing at the Aldwych Theatre in the West End, September 2019

In December 2016 Turner announced that she had been working on Tina, a musical based on her life story, in collaboration with Phyllida Lloyd and Stage Entertainment.[202] The show opened at the Aldwych Theatre in London in April 2018 with Adrienne Warren in the lead role.[203] Warren reprised her role on Broadway in the fall of 2019.[204]

Turner received the 2018 Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and her second memoir, My Love Story, was released in October 2018.[205][206] In 2020, she came out of retirement to collaborate with Norwegian producer Kygo on a remix of "What's Love Got to Do with It".[207] With this release, she became the first artist to have a top 40 hit in seven consecutive decades in the UK.[208]

In 2020, Turner released her third book, Happiness Becomes You: A Guide to Changing Your Life for Good. She co-wrote the book with American author Taro Gold and Swiss singer Regula Curti.[209] It was chosen by Amazon's editors as a Best Nonfiction book of 2020.[210] In 2021, Turner appeared in the documentary film Tina directed by Dan Lindsay and T. J. Martin.[211]

In October 2021, Turner sold her music rights to BMG Rights Management for an estimated $50 million, with Warner Music still handling distribution of her music.[212] Later that month, Turner was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a solo artist, accepting her award via satellite from her home near Zürich, Switzerland.[213]

Personal life edit

Relationships and marriages edit

Early relationships edit

While still in Brownsville, Turner fell in love for the first time with Harry Taylor.[214] They met at a high school basketball game. Taylor initially attended a different school, but he relocated to be near her.[215] In 1986, she told Rolling Stone: "Harry was real popular and had tons of girlfriends, but eventually I got him, and we went steady for a year."[216] Their relationship ended after she discovered that Taylor had married another girl who was expecting his child.[216]

After moving to St. Louis, Turner and her sister Alline became acquainted with Ike Turner's Kings of Rhythm. Alline was dating the band's drummer Eugene Washington and Bullock began dating the saxophonist Raymond Hill. After Turner became pregnant during her senior year of high school, she moved in with Hill, who lived with Ike Turner.[217] She recalled, "I didn't love him as much as I'd loved Harry. But he was good-looking. I thought, 'My baby's going to be beautiful.'"[216] Their relationship ended after Hill broke his ankle during a wrestling match with Kings of Rhythm singer Carlson Oliver.[218] Hill returned to his hometown of Clarksdale before their son Craig was born in August 1958, leaving Turner to become a single parent.[219][220]

Ike Turner edit

 
Ike & Tina Turner arriving at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol in 1971

Turner likened her early relationship with Ike Turner to that of a "brother and sister from another lifetime."[221] They were platonic friends from the time they met in 1956 until 1960. Their affair began while Ike was with his live-in girlfriend Lorraine Taylor.[222][223] They became intimate when she went to sleep with him after another musician threatened to go into her room.[216][221]

After recording "A Fool in Love" in 1960, a pregnant Turner told Ike that she did not want to continue their relationship; he responded by striking her in the head with a wooden shoe stretcher.[224] Turner recalled that this incident was the first time he "instilled fear" in her, but she decided to stay with him because she "really did care about him".[63] After the birth of their son Ronnie in October 1960, they moved to Los Angeles in 1962 and married in Tijuana. In 1963, Ike purchased a house in the View Park area.[225] They brought their son Ronnie, Turner's son Craig, and Ike's two sons with Lorraine (Ike Jr. and Michael) from St. Louis to live with them.[226][227] She later revealed in I, Tina that Ike was abusive and promiscuous throughout their marriage, which led to her suicide attempt in 1968 by overdosing on Valium pills.[33] She said, "It was my relationship with Ike that made me most unhappy. At first, I had really been in love with him. Look what he'd done for me. But he was totally unpredictable."[228] Later on, in his old age, Ike was diagnosed with bipolar disorder.[229]

By the mid-1970s, Ike was heavily addicted to cocaine, which hindered his relationship with Turner. She abruptly left Ike after they got into a bloody fight on their way to the Dallas Statler Hilton on July 1, 1976.[230][231] She fled with only 36 cents and a Mobil credit card in her pocket to the nearby Ramada Inn across the freeway.[232][233] On July 27, Turner filed for divorce on the grounds of irreconcilable differences.[234][235] Her divorce petition asked for $4,000 a month in alimony, $1,000 a month in child support, and custody of her sons Craig and Ronnie.[236] The divorce was finalized on March 29, 1978.[237] In the final divorce decree, Turner took responsibility for missed concert dates as well as an IRS lien. Turner retained songwriter royalties from songs she had written, but Ike got the publishing royalties for his compositions and hers.[238] She also kept her two Jaguars, furs, jewelry, and her stage name.[238] Turner gave Ike her share of their Bolic Sound recording studio, publishing companies, and real estate, and he kept his four cars.[238] Several promoters lost money and sued to recoup their losses. For almost two years, she received food stamps and played small clubs to pay off debts.[117]

Ike Turner stated on several occasions that he was never officially married to Turner because he was legally married to another woman at the time of their ceremony.[239][240][241] However, they had a common-law marriage and still had to go through a formal divorce.[242] He also stated that her birth name was Martha Nell Bullock (not Anna Mae Bullock).[243] She signed her legal name as Martha Nell Turner on multiple contracts.[18][17]

In his autobiography Takin' Back My Name, Ike Turner stated: "Sure, I've slapped Tina. We had fights and there have been times when I punched her to the ground without thinking. But I never beat her."[244] In a 1999 interview on The Roseanne Show, Roseanne Barr urged Ike to publicly apologize to Turner.[245] In 2007, Ike told Jet that he still loved her and he had written a letter apologizing for "putting her and the kids through that kind of stuff", but he never sent it.[246][247]

After his death on December 12, 2007, Turner issued a brief statement through her spokesperson: "Tina hasn't had any contact with Ike in more than 30 years. No further comment will be made."[248] Turner's sister Alline still considered Ike her brother-in-law and attended his funeral.[249] Phil Spector criticized Tina Turner at the funeral.[250] Turner told The Sunday Times in 2018 that "as an old person, I have forgiven him, but I would not work with him. He asked for one more tour with me, and I said, 'No, absolutely not.' Ike wasn't someone you could forgive and allow him back in."[251][252][253]

Erwin Bach edit

In 1986, Turner met German music executive Erwin Bach, who was sent by her European record label (EMI) to greet Turner at Düsseldorf Airport.[254] Bach was over sixteen years her junior.[255] Initially friends, they began dating later that year. In July 2013, after a 27-year romantic relationship, they married in a civil ceremony on the banks of Lake Zurich in Küsnacht, Switzerland.[256]

Children edit

Turner had two biological sons: one with Kings of Rhythm saxophonist Raymond Hill, named Raymond Craig, born on August 20, 1958, and the other with Ike Turner, Ronald "Ronnie" Renelle Turner, born on October 27, 1960.[1][45] She also adopted two of Ike Turner's children, raising them as her own.[1] Turner was 18 years of age when she gave birth to her eldest son.[257] Ike Turner adopted Raymond Craig Hill, and changed his name to Craig Raymond Turner.[258] Craig was found dead in an apparent suicide in July 2018.[259]

Turner's younger son, Ronnie, played bass guitar in a band called Manufactured Funk with songwriter and musician Patrick Moten. Ronnie also played for both of his parents' bands.[260][261][262][263][264] Through him, Turner had two grandchildren.[1] He was married to French singer Afida Turner.[265] Ronnie died from complications of colon cancer in December 2022.[266]

During Turner's divorce trial, Ike sent their four sons to live with Tina and gave her money for one month's rent.[122][267] Ike Turner Jr. worked as a sound engineer at Bolic Sound and briefly for Turner after her divorce,[237] later winning a Grammy Award for producing his father's album Risin' with the Blues.[268] He toured with former Ikette Randi Love as Sweet Randi Love and the Love Thang Band.[269] Ike Turner Jr. stated that he and his brothers have a distant relationship with their mother (Tina).[263] Turner wrote in her autobiography I, Tina that after her divorce she became "a little bit estranged" from all her sons except Craig.[270] In 1989, Turner told TV Week that "she's still there for the boys",[271] but there had been reports of Turner's estrangement from her sons in the years before her death.[272][273]

Religious beliefs edit

Turner sometimes referred to herself as a "Buddhist–Baptist", alluding to her upbringing in the Baptist church where her father was a deacon and her later conversion to Buddhism as an adult.[274] In a 2016 interview with Lion's Roar magazine, she declared, "I consider myself a Buddhist."[275] The February 15, 1979, issue of Jet magazine featured Turner with her Buddhist altar on the cover.[276] Turner credited the Liturgy of Nichiren Daishonin and Soka Gakkai International for her introduction to spiritual knowledge.[277][278]

Turner stated in her 1986 autobiography I, Tina that she was introduced to Nichiren Buddhism by Ike Turner's friend Valerie Bishop, who taught her the chant nam-myōhō-renge-kyō in 1973.[279][280] Turner later stated in her 2020 spiritual memoir Happiness Becomes You that her son, Ronnie Turner, first suggested she might benefit from chanting.[281] Turner practiced Buddhism with her neighborhood Soka Gakkai International chanting group.[282] After chanting, Turner noticed positive changes in her life, which she attributed to her newfound spiritual practice. She said: "I realized that I had within me everyone I needed to change my life for the better."[279][282] During the hardest times of her life, Turner chanted four hours per day, and although in later life she no longer chanted as much, she still maintained a daily practice.[280] Turner likened Buddhist chanting to singing. She told Lion's Roar: "Nam-myoho-renge-kyo is a song. In the Soka Gakkai tradition we are taught how to sing it. It is a sound and a rhythm and it touches a place inside you. That place we try to reach is the subconscious mind. I believe that it is the highest place and, if you communicate with it, that is when you receive information on what to do."[275] Dramatizations of Turner chanting were included both in the 1993 film What's Love Got to Do with It and in the 2021 documentary film Tina.[283][284][285]

Turner met with the 14th Dalai Lama, in Einsiedeln, Switzerland, on August 2, 2005. She also met with Swiss-Tibetan Buddhist singer Dechen Shak-Dagsay and in 2009 co-created a spiritual music project with Shak-Dagsay and Swiss singer Regula Curti called Beyond.[286][287]

Residences, citizenship, and wealth edit

Turner began living at Château Algonquin in Küsnacht on the shore of Lake Zurich in 1994.[288][289] Turner previously owned property in Cologne, London, and Los Angeles, and a villa on the French Riviera named Anna Fleur.[290][291]

In 2013, Turner applied for Swiss citizenship,[292][293] stating she would relinquish her US citizenship.[294][295] The stated reasons for the relinquishment were that she no longer had any strong ties to the United States and "has no plans to reside" there in the future.[295] In April, she undertook a mandatory citizenship test which included advanced knowledge of German (the official language of the canton of Zürich) and of Swiss history. On April 22, 2013, she became a citizen of Switzerland and was issued a Swiss passport.[296] Turner signed the paperwork to relinquish her American citizenship at the US embassy in Bern on October 24, 2013.[295]

Turner's wealth was estimated at 225 million Swiss francs (about US$250 million) in 2022 by the Swiss business magazine Bilanz.[297]

Illness and death edit

 
Turner's home, Villa Algonquin in Küsnacht, Switzerland, two days after her death

Turner revealed in her 2018 memoir My Love Story that she had multiple life-threatening illnesses.[298] She had high blood pressure since 1978, which remained mostly untreated, and resulted in damage to her kidneys and eventual kidney failure.[299] In 2013, three weeks after her wedding to Erwin Bach, she had a stroke and needed to learn to walk again.[299] In 2016, she was diagnosed with intestinal cancer.[299] While she attempted to treat her health problems with homeopathy, they worsened.[299]

Her chances of receiving a kidney transplant were considered low and she was urged to start dialysis. She signed up with an organization that facilitates assisted suicide, a procedure which is legal in Switzerland, becoming a member of Exit International.[300] However, her husband offered to donate a kidney for transplant.[14] She accepted his donation and had kidney transplant surgery on April 7, 2017.[301] Turner also openly discussed her feeling of shame after discovering that she had dyslexia.[302]

On May 24, 2023, Turner died at her home in Küsnacht, Switzerland, aged 83, following years of illness.[303][304] Turner's body was cremated after a private funeral.[305]

In the aftermath of her death, many fellow artists mourned her loss, including Beyoncé,[306] Mariah Carey, Janelle Monáe, Questlove, Pete Townshend, Diana Ross, Dolly Parton,[307] Debbie Harry, Gloria Gaynor, Bryan Adams, Jimmy Barnes,[308] Peter Andre,[309] Kerry Katona,[310] Lionel Richie,[311] Elton John,[312] Madonna,[313] Rod Stewart,[314] Cher, Lizzo,[315] Brittany Howard,[316] Mick Jagger,[306] Keith Richards,[317] and Ronnie Wood.[318] Patti LaBelle paid tribute to Turner with a rendition of "The Best" at the 2023 BET Awards.[319]

Turner also received tributes by model Naomi Campbell, as well as film and television figures such as Oprah Winfrey, Angela Bassett, Jenifer Lewis, Forest Whitaker,[306][307] and Bette Midler[314] and theater producer Joop van den Ende.[320] US president Joe Biden, as well as former presidents Barack Obama and Bill Clinton, and Swiss president Alain Berset also paid tribute to Turner through public statements.[307][321] King Charles III paid tribute by allowing "The Best" to be performed during the changing of the guard.[322] The junior common room of St Cuthbert's Society, a college of Durham University, granted Turner "Honorary Afterlife Membership".[323]

Musical legacy and accolades edit

Often referred to as "The Queen of Rock and Roll", Turner is considered one of the greatest singers of all time.[324][216][325] She was noted for her "swagger, sensuality, gravelly vocals and unstoppable energy", along with her career longevity and her famous legs.[4][5][6] Journalist Kurt Loder asserted that Turner's voice combined "the emotional force of the great blues singers with a sheer, wallpaper-peeling power that seemed made to order for the age of amplification."[4] Daphne A. Brooks, a scholar of African-American studies, wrote for The Guardian:[4]

Turner merged sound and movement at a critical turning point in rock history, navigating and reflecting back the technological innovations of a new pop-music era in the 60s and 70s. She catapulted herself to the forefront of a musical revolution that had long marginalized and overlooked the pioneering contributions of African American women and then remade herself again at an age when most pop musicians were hitting the oldies circuit. Turner's musical character has always been a charged combination of mystery as well as light, melancholy mixed with a ferocious vitality that often flirted with danger.

Awards, honors and achievements edit

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Tina Turner
 
Turner holding certification plaques with Don Grierson

Turner previously held a Guinness World Record for the largest paying audience (180,000 in 1988) for a solo performer.[165][166] In the UK, Turner was the first artist to have a top 40 hit in seven consecutive decades; she has a total of 35 UK top 40 hits.[208] She sold over 100 million records worldwide, including certified RIAA album sales of 10 million.[326] As of May 2023, Turner has reportedly sold around 100 to 150 million records worldwide.[327][328][329]

Turner won a total of 12 Grammy Awards. These awards include eight competitive Grammy Awards;[64] she shares the record (with Pat Benatar, and with Sheryl Crow) for most awards (four) given for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance.[330] Three of her recordings, "River Deep – Mountain High" (1999), "Proud Mary" (2003), and "What's Love Got to Do with It" (2012) are in the Grammy Hall of Fame.[331] Turner is the only female artist to have won a Grammy in the pop, rock, and R&B fields.[332] Turner received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2018.[333] Turner also won Grammys as a member of USA for Africa and as a performer at the 1986 Prince's trust concert.

 
Turner's star on the Hollywood Walk Of Fame covered with flowers and tributes from her fans on May 28, 2023

Turner received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1986 and a star on the St. Louis Walk of Fame in 1991.[163][334] After her passing, her star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame was covered with flowers from loving fans. Fans around the world paid respect with flowers and candles lit outside her home in Switzerland and outside London's Aldwych Theatre - the home of the musical "Tina". Gloria Gaynor said Turner "paved the way for so many women in rock music, black and white." Turner was also praised by Mariah Carey and Oprah Winfrey as a "survivor" who overcame years of domestic abuse. Michelle and Barack Obama praised her for "singing her truth through joy and pain." The charity Women's Aid paid tribute with a quote from one of Turner's songs, saying: "She will always be simply the best."[335]

She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a duo with Ike Turner in 1991.[174] In 2005, Turner received the prestigious Kennedy Center Honors.[336] President George W. Bush commented on her "natural skill, the energy and sensuality",[337] and referred to her legs as "the most famous in show business".[338] Several artists paid tribute to her that night including Melissa Etheridge (performing "River Deep – Mountain High"), Queen Latifah (performing "What's Love Got to Do with It"), Beyoncé (performing "Proud Mary"), and Al Green (performing "Let's Stay Together"). Oprah Winfrey stated, "We don't need another hero. We need more heroines like you, Tina. You make me proud to spell my name w-o-m-a-n."[339] In 2021, Turner was inducted by Angela Bassett into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame as a solo artist.[213] Keith Urban and H.E.R. performed "It's Only Love", Mickey Guyton performed "What's Love Got to Do with It", and Christina Aguilera performed "River Deep – Mountain High".[213]

Turner has also received the following honors:

Discography edit

Main articles: Tina Turner discography and Ike & Tina Turner discography
See also: List of songs written by Tina Turner and List of songs written by Ike Turner

Studio albums edit

Tours edit

See also: List of Ike & Tina Turner live performances

As opening act edit

Filmography edit

Year Film Role Notes
1965 The Big T.N.T. Show Herself Sequel to T.A.M.I. Show[379]
1970 It's Your Thing Herself Documentary on the Isley Brothers concert at Yankee Stadium[380]
1970 Gimme Shelter Herself Documentary on the Rolling Stones' 1969 American tour[381]
1971 Soul to Soul Herself Documentary on the Independence Day concert in Ghana[382]
1971 Taking Off Herself [381]
1971 Good Vibrations from Central Park Herself [383]
1975 Tommy The Acid Queen [381]
1975 Ann-Margret Olsson Herself TV programme[384]
1975 Poiret est à vous Herself TV variety show[385]
1978 Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band Our Guests at Heartland [386]
1982 Chuck Berry: Live at the Roxy with Tina Turner Herself [381]
1985 Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome Aunty Entity Won (1986) – NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture[381]
1993 What's Love Got to Do with it Herself Singing voice for Angela Bassett, also archive footage[381]
1993 Tina Turner: Girl From Nutbush Herself Documentary[381]
1993 Last Action Hero The Mayor [381]
2000 Ally McBeal Herself Episode: "The Oddball Parade"[381]
2012 Ike & Tina on the Road: 1971–72 Herself Documentary filmed by rock photographer Bob Gruen[387]
2021 Tina Herself Documentary,[388] final film role

Books edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ The 1940 United States Census lists her as "Anna [Bullock]". However, Turner signed her legal name as Martha Nell Turner on contracts in 1977 and 1978, and Ike Turner stated that her birth name was Martha Nell Bullock.

References edit

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November 21, 2023
tina, turner, born, anna, bullock, november, 1939, 2023, singer, songwriter, actress, known, queen, rock, roll, rose, prominence, lead, singer, husband, wife, before, launching, successful, career, solo, performer, recognized, swagger, sensuality, powerful, gr. Tina Turner born Anna Mae Bullock November 26 1939 May 24 2023 was a singer songwriter and actress Known as the Queen of Rock n Roll she rose to prominence as the lead singer of the husband wife duo Ike amp Tina Turner before launching a successful career as a solo performer She was recognized for her swagger sensuality powerful gravelly vocals and unstoppable energy 4 5 6 A resident of Kusnacht Switzerland from 1994 until her death Turner relinquished her American citizenship after obtaining Swiss citizenship in 2013 7 Tina TurnerTurner in 1985BornAnna Mae Bullock 1939 11 26 November 26 1939Brownsville Tennessee USDiedMay 24 2023 2023 05 24 aged 83 Kusnacht Zurich SwitzerlandOther namesMartha Nell TurnerCitizenshipUnited States until 2013 Switzerland from 2013 OccupationsSinger songwriter actress authorYears active1956 2009WorksFull discographySpousesIke Turner m 1962 div 1978 wbr Erwin Bach m 2013 wbr Children4 1 RelativesAlline Bullock sister Afida Turner daughter in law Eugene Bridges first cousin once removed AwardsFull listMusical careerGenresRock R amp B soul pop rock and roll 2 3 Instrument s VocalsLabelsSonja Pompeii United Artists Capitol Parlophone VirginFormerly ofIke amp Tina TurnerWebsitetinaturnerofficial wbr comSignatureTurner began her career with her ex husband Ike Turner s band the Kings of Rhythm in 1956 8 Under the name Little Ann she appeared on her first record Boxtop in 1958 In 1960 she debuted as Tina Turner with the hit single A Fool in Love The Ike amp Tina Turner Revue became one of the most formidable live acts in history 9 The duo released hits such as It s Gonna Work Out Fine River Deep Mountain High Proud Mary and Nutbush City Limits before disbanding in 1976 In the 1980s Turner launched one of the greatest comebacks in music history 10 Her 1984 multi platinum album Private Dancer contained the hit song What s Love Got to Do with It which won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year and became her first and only number one song on the Billboard Hot 100 At 44 she was the oldest female solo artist to top the Hot 100 11 Her chart success continued with Better Be Good to Me Private Dancer We Don t Need Another Hero Thunderdome Typical Male The Best I Don t Wanna Fight and GoldenEye She embarked on the Break Every Rule World Tour 1987 1988 which became the top grossing female tour of the 1980s and set a Guinness World Record for the then largest paying audience in a concert 180 000 12 Turner also acted in the films Tommy 1975 and Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome 1985 In 1986 she published her autobiography I Tina My Life Story which was adapted for the 1993 film What s Love Got to Do with It In 2009 Turner retired after completing her Tina 50th Anniversary Tour In 2018 she became the subject of Tina a jukebox musical Turner sold more than 100 million records worldwide becoming one of the best selling recording artists of all time 13 She received 12 Grammy Awards which include eight competitive awards a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and three Grammy Hall of Fame inductions She was the first black artist and first woman to be on the cover of Rolling Stone 14 Rolling Stone ranked her among the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time and the 100 Greatest Singers of All Time Turner has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and on the St Louis Walk of Fame She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice with Ike Turner in 1991 and as a solo artist in 2021 She was also a 2005 recipient of the Kennedy Center Honors and Women of the Year award 15 Contents 1 Early life 2 Ike and Tina Turner 2 1 Origins 1956 1960 2 2 Early success 1960 1965 2 3 Mainstream success 1966 1975 2 4 Split 1976 3 Solo career 3 1 Early solo career 1976 1982 3 2 Career resurgence and superstardom 1983 2000 3 3 Later career 2001 2021 4 Personal life 4 1 Relationships and marriages 4 1 1 Early relationships 4 1 2 Ike Turner 4 1 3 Erwin Bach 4 2 Children 4 3 Religious beliefs 4 4 Residences citizenship and wealth 5 Illness and death 6 Musical legacy and accolades 6 1 Awards honors and achievements 7 Discography 7 1 Studio albums 8 Tours 8 1 As opening act 9 Filmography 10 Books 11 Notes 12 References 12 1 Bibliography 13 External linksEarly life editTurner was born as Anna Mae Bullock a on November 26 1939 16 17 18 in Brownsville Tennessee 19 20 21 the youngest daughter of Floyd Richard Bullock and his wife Zelma Priscilla nee Currie 19 22 The family lived in the nearby rural unincorporated community of Nutbush Tennessee where her father worked as an overseer of the sharecroppers at Poindexter Farm on Highway 180 she later recalled picking cotton with her family at an early age 23 24 When she participated in the PBS series African American Lives 2 with Henry Louis Gates Jr he shared her genealogical DNA test estimates and traced her family timeline 25 Previously she believed she had a significant amount of Native American ancestry 26 Bullock had two older sisters Evelyn Juanita Currie and Ruby Alline Bullock a songwriter 27 She was the first cousin once removed of bluesman Eugene Bridges 28 As young children the three sisters were separated when their parents relocated to Knoxville Tennessee to work at a defense facility during World War II 24 Bullock went to stay with her strict religious paternal grandparents Alex and Roxanna Bullock who were deacon and deaconess at the Woodlawn Missionary Baptist Church 29 24 After the war the sisters reunited with their parents and moved with them to Knoxville 24 Two years later the family returned to Nutbush to live in the Flagg Grove community where Bullock attended Flagg Grove Elementary School from first through eighth grade 30 31 As a young girl Bullock sang in the church choir at Nutbush s Spring Hill Baptist Church 32 33 In 1950 when she was 11 her mother Zelma left without warning seeking freedom from her abusive relationship with Floyd by relocating to St Louis 34 Two years after her mother left the family her father married another woman and moved to Detroit Bullock and her sisters were sent to live with their maternal grandmother Georgeanna Currie in Brownsville Tennessee 34 She stated in her autobiography I Tina that she felt her parents did not love her and that she was not wanted 35 Zelma had planned to leave Floyd but stayed once she became pregnant 36 Turner recalled She was a very young woman who didn t want another kid 36 As a teenager Bullock worked as a domestic worker for the Henderson family in Ripley Tennessee 37 She was at the Henderson house when she was notified that her half sister Evelyn had died in a car crash alongside her cousins Margaret and Vela Evans 38 A self professed tomboy Bullock joined both the cheerleading squad and the female basketball team at Carver High School in Brownsville and socialized every chance she got 23 34 When Bullock was 16 her grandmother died so she went to live with her mother in St Louis She graduated from Sumner High School in 1958 39 After high school Bullock worked as a nurse s aide at Barnes Jewish Hospital 40 Ike and Tina Turner editMain article Ike amp Tina Turner Origins 1956 1960 edit I would have been lost in my life at that point without him I mean I could do two things work in a hospital or sing in Ike s band I didn t know anything else Or anyone else And I wanted to sing Tina Turner 1986 41 Bullock and her sister began to perform frequently at nightclubs in St Louis and East St Louis 34 She first saw Ike Turner perform with his band the Kings of Rhythm at the Club Manhattan in East St Louis 34 Bullock was impressed by his talent recalling that she almost went into a trance watching him play 42 She asked Turner to let her sing in his band despite the fact that few women had ever sung with him 33 Turner said he d call her but never did 43 One night in 1956 she got hold of the microphone from Kings of Rhythm drummer Eugene Washington during an intermission and she sang the B B King blues ballad You Know I Love You 44 8 Upon hearing her sing Turner asked her if she knew more songs She sang the rest of the night and became a featured vocalist with his band 45 46 47 During this period he taught her the finer points of vocal control and performance 45 Bullock s first recording was in 1958 under the name Little Ann on the single Boxtop She is credited as a vocalist on the record alongside Ike and fellow Kings of Rhythm singer Carlson Oliver 48 In 1960 Turner wrote A Fool in Love for singer Art Lassiter Bullock was to sing background with Lassiter s backing vocalists the Artettes Lassiter failed to show up for the recording session at Technisonic Studios 49 Since Turner had already paid for the studio time Bullock suggested that she sing the lead 50 51 He decided to use her to record a demo with the intention of erasing her vocals and adding Lassiter s at a later date 51 45 Local St Louis disc jockey Dave Dixon convinced Turner to send the tape to Juggy Murray president of R amp B label Sue Records 52 53 Upon hearing the song Murray was impressed with Bullock s vocals later stating that Tina sounded like screaming dirt It was a funky sound 53 Murray bought the track and paid Turner a 25 000 advance for the recording and publishing rights 53 54 55 Murray also convinced Turner to make Bullock the star of the show 55 Turner responded by renaming her Tina because it rhymed with Sheena 53 56 He was inspired by Sheena Queen of the Jungle and Nyoka the Jungle Girl to create her stage persona 57 58 Turner added his last name and trademarked the name as a form of protection so that if Bullock left him like his previous singers had he could replace her with another Tina Turner 59 Family and friends still called her Ann the name she chose to go by as a teenager 60 61 Early success 1960 1965 edit nbsp Ike amp Tina Turner on the cover of Cash Box s June 30 1962 issueBullock was introduced to the public as Tina Turner with the single A Fool in Love in July 1960 62 It reached No 2 on the Hot R amp B Sides chart and No 27 on the Billboard Hot 100 Journalist Kurt Loder described the track as the blackest record to ever creep into the white pop charts since Ray Charles s gospel styled What d I Say that previous summer 53 63 Another single from the duo It s Gonna Work Out Fine reached No 14 on the Hot 100 and No 2 on the R amp B chart in 1961 earning them a Grammy nomination for Best Rock and Roll Performance 64 Other singles Ike amp Tina released between 1960 and 1962 included the R amp B hits I Idolize You Poor Fool and Tra La La La La 65 After the release of A Fool in Love Ike created the Ike amp Tina Turner Revue which included the Kings of Rhythm and a girl group the Ikettes as backing vocalists and dancers He remained in the background as the bandleader Ike put the entire revue through a rigorous touring schedule across the United States performing 90 days straight in venues around the country 66 During the days of the Chitlin Circuit the Ike amp Tina Turner Revue built a reputation as one of the hottest most durable and potentially most explosive of all R amp B ensembles rivaling the James Brown Revue in terms of musical spectacle 67 Due to their profitable performances they were able to perform in front of desegregated audiences in Southern clubs and hotels 68 Between 1963 and 1965 the band toured constantly and produced moderately successful R amp B singles Turner s first credited single as a solo artist Too Many Ties That Bind We Need an Understanding was released from Ike s label Sonja Records in 1964 69 70 Another single by the duo You Can t Miss Nothing That You Never Had reached No 29 on the Billboard R amp B chart After their tenure at Sue Records the duo signed with more than ten labels during the remainder of the decade including Kent Cenco Tangerine Pompeii A amp M and Minit 71 72 In 1964 they signed to Warner Bros Records and Bob Krasnow became their manager 73 74 On the Warner Bros label they achieved their first charting album with Live The Ike amp Tina Turner Show peaking at No 8 on the Billboard Hot R amp B LP chart in February 1965 75 Their singles Tell Her I m Not Home released on Loma Records and Good Bye So Long released on Modern Records were top 40 R amp B hits in 1965 76 Turner s profile was raised after several solo appearances on shows such as American Bandstand and Shindig while the entire revue appeared on Hollywood a Go Go 77 In 1965 music producer Phil Spector attended an Ike amp Tina Turner show at a club on the Sunset Strip and he invited them to appear in the concert film The Big T N T Show 78 Mainstream success 1966 1975 edit nbsp Ike amp Tina Turner by Dennis Hopper in 1966Impressed by the duo s performance on The Big T N T Show Phil Spector was eager to produce Turner 79 Working out a deal with Ike amp Tina Turner s manager Bob Krasnow who was also head of Loma Spector offered 20 000 for creative control over the sessions to produce Turner and have them released from their contract with Loma 80 20 They signed to Spector s Philles label in April 1966 after Turner had already recorded with him 81 Their first single on his label River Deep Mountain High was released in May 1966 Spector considered that record with Turner s maximum energy over the Wall of Sound to be his best work 82 It was successful overseas reaching No 3 on the UK Singles Chart and No 1 on Los 40 Principales in Spain 83 but it failed to go any higher than No 88 on the Billboard Hot 100 84 The impact of the record gave Ike amp Tina Turner an opening spot on the Rolling Stones UK tour in the fall of 1966 85 In November 1967 Turner became the first female artist and the first black artist to appear on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine 86 87 The duo signed with Blue Thumb Records in 1968 releasing the album Outta Season in 1969 The album produced their charted cover of Otis Redding s I ve Been Loving You Too Long Later that year they released The Hunter The title track Albert King s The Hunter earned Turner a Grammy nomination for Best Female R amp B Vocal Performance 64 The success of the albums led to the revue headlining in Las Vegas where their shows were attended by a variety of celebrities including David Bowie Sly Stone Janis Joplin Cher James Brown Ray Charles Elton John and Elvis Presley 88 As the decade came to an end Ike amp Tina Turner began performing at music festivals 89 Turner s fashion evolved from formal dresses to minidresses and revealing outfits 90 She emerged as a sex symbol and was praised for her sensual performances 8 91 nbsp Turner performing on stage at Tulane Stadium during Soul Bowl 70 in October 1970In the fall of 1969 Ike amp Tina Turner s profile in their home country was raised after opening for the Rolling Stones on their US tour 9 They gained more exposure from performances on The Ed Sullivan Show Playboy After Dark and The Andy Williams Show 92 93 94 The duo released two albums in 1970 Come Together and Workin Together Their cover of I Want to Take You Higher peaked at No 34 on the Hot 100 whereas the original by Sly and the Family Stone had peaked at No 38 76 The Come Together and Workin Together albums marked a turning point in their careers in which they switched from their usual R amp B repertoire to incorporate more rock tunes such as Come Together Honky Tonk Woman and Get Back 95 96 In early 1971 their cover of Creedence Clearwater Revival s Proud Mary became their biggest hit The single reached No 4 on the Hot 100 and sold more than a million copies winning them a Grammy for Best R amp B Performance by a Duo or Group 97 98 99 In July 1971 their live album What You Hear Is What You Get was released It was recorded at Carnegie Hall and became their first certified Gold album Later that year they had a top 40 R amp B hit with Ooh Poo Pah Doo 76 Their next three singles to chart I m Yours Use Me Anyway You Wanna Up in Heah and Early One Morning a Little Richard cover all peaked at No 47 on the R amp B chart 76 In 1972 the Turners opened Bolic Sound recording studio near their home in Inglewood 100 After Liberty was absorbed into United Artists Records they were assigned to that label 101 Around this time Turner began writing more songs She wrote nine out of the ten tracks on their 1972 album Feel Good 102 In October 1972 Turner and the Ikettes performed at Star Spangled Women a political fundraiser for the 1972 presidential campaign of George McGovern at Madison Square Garden in New York City 103 The duo s 1973 hit single Nutbush City Limits No 22 Pop No 11 R amp B penned by Turner reached No 1 in Austria No 4 in the UK and the top 5 in several other countries 104 It was certified Silver by the BPI for selling a quarter of a million in the UK 105 As a result of their success they received the Golden European Record Award the first ever given for selling more than one million records of Nutbush City Limits in Europe 106 Their follow up hits included Sweet Rhode Island Red and Sexy Ida in 1974 76 In 1974 the duo released the Grammy nominated album The Gospel According to Ike amp Tina which was nominated for Best Soul Gospel Performance 64 Ike also received a solo nomination for his single Father Alone from the album 107 Turner s first solo album Tina Turns the Country On earned her a nomination for Best R amp B Vocal Performance Female 108 That year Turner filmed the rock opera Tommy in London 109 She played the Acid Queen a drug addicted prostitute her performance was critically acclaimed Shortly after filming wrapped Turner appeared on Ann Margret s TV special 110 Following the release of Tommy in 1975 another solo album by Turner was released titled Acid Queen 111 The album reached No 39 on the Billboard R amp B chart It produced the charting singles Baby Get It On and a cover of Led Zeppelin s Whole Lotta Love 112 Split 1976 edit By the mid 1970s Ike was heavily addicted to cocaine which hindered his relationship with Turner 113 In 1976 they headlined at the Waldorf Astoria New York and signed a television deal with CBS TV He made plans to leave United Artists Records for a five year deal with Cream Records for 150 000 per year the deal was to be signed on July 5 114 On July 1 the Turners flew from Los Angeles to Dallas where the revue had a gig at the Statler Hilton in downtown The couple got into a physical altercation en route to the hotel Shortly after arriving Turner fled from Ike with only 36 cents and a Mobil gas card and later hid at the Ramada Inn across the freeway 115 She filed for divorce on July 27 and it was finalized on March 29 1978 116 117 After their separation United Artists released two more albums credited to the duo Delilah s Power 1977 and Airwaves 1978 118 119 Solo career editEarly solo career 1976 1982 edit In 1976 and 1977 Turner earned income by appearing on TV shows such as The Hollywood Squares Donny amp Marie The Sonny amp Cher Show and The Brady Bunch Hour 120 After her separation from Ike lawsuits were mounting for canceled Ike amp Tina Turner gigs 121 122 She resumed touring to pay off her debts with finances given to her by United Artists executive Mike Stewart 123 In 1977 she re emerged with new costumes created by Bob Mackie 124 She headlined a series of cabaret shows at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas and took her act to smaller venues in the United States 125 Later that year she embarked on her first solo concert tour in Australia 126 In 1978 Turner released her third solo album Rough on United Artists with distribution in North America and Europe on EMI That album along with its 1979 follow up Love Explosion which included a brief diversion to disco music failed to chart so United Artists Records and Turner parted ways 127 Without the premise of a hit record she continued performing and headlined her second tour 128 In 1979 Australian manager Roger Davies agreed to manage Turner after seeing her perform at the Fairmont Hotel in San Francisco 129 In early 1979 Turner worked in Italy as a regular performer on the Rete 1 TV series Luna Park hosted by Pippo Baudo and Heather Parisi 130 Later that year she embarked on a controversial five week tour of South Africa during the apartheid regime 131 She later regretted the decision stating that she was naive about the politics in South Africa at the time 132 In October 1981 Rod Stewart attended Turner s show at the Ritz in New York City and invited her to perform Hot Legs with him on Saturday Night Live 133 In November Turner opened for the Rolling Stones during their 1981 American Tour 134 Turner performed in March 1982 in the Willem Ruis show Netherlands which resulted in the hit Shame Shame Shame reaching No 47 in the Netherlands In 1982 Turner s recording of the Temptations Ball of Confusion for the UK production team B E F became a hit in European dance clubs 135 In 1982 Turner also appeared on the album Music of Quality and Distinction Volume 1 by B E F a side project of Heaven 17 singing Ball of Confusion She filmed a music video for Ball of Confusion that aired on the fledgling music video channel MTV becoming one of the first black American artists to gain airtime on the channel 136 Also in 1982 Turner appeared as a special guest on Chuck Berry s television special performed at The Roxy in West Hollywood 137 Career resurgence and superstardom 1983 2000 edit Until 1983 Turner was considered a nostalgia act performing mostly at hotel ballrooms and clubs in the United States 138 During her second stint at the Ritz she signed with Capitol Records in 1983 139 In November 1983 she released her cover of Al Green s Let s Stay Together which was produced by B E F It reached several European charts including No 6 in the UK 140 141 In the US the song peaked at No 26 on the Billboard Hot 100 No 1 on Hot Dance Club Songs and No 3 on Hot Black Singles 142 Following the single s surprise success Capitol Records approved a studio album Turner had two weeks to record her Private Dancer album which was released in May 1984 138 It reached No 3 on the Billboard 200 and No 2 in the United Kingdom 143 144 Private Dancer was certified 5 Platinum in the United States 145 and sold 10 million copies worldwide becoming her most successful album 146 147 Also in May 1984 Capitol issued the album s second single What s Love Got to Do with It 148 the song had previously been recorded by the pop group Bucks Fizz 149 Following the album s release Turner joined Lionel Richie as the opening act on his tour 138 On September 1 1984 Turner achieved her first and only No 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 with What s Love Got to Do with It 142 The follow up singles Better Be Good to Me and Private Dancer were both US top 10 hits 150 The same year she duetted with David Bowie on a cover of Iggy Pop s Tonight Released as a single in November it peaked at No 53 in both the UK and the US 151 Turner culminated her comeback when she won three Grammys at the 27th Annual Grammy Awards including the Grammy Award for Record of the Year for What s Love Got to Do with It 64 In February 1985 she embarked on her second world tour to support the Private Dancer album Two nights were filmed at Birmingham England s NEC Arena and later released as a concert on home video During this time she also contributed vocals to the USA for Africa benefit song We Are the World 152 Turner s success continued when she traveled to Australia to star opposite Mel Gibson in the 1985 post apocalyptic film Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome The movie provided her with her first acting role in ten years she portrayed the glamorous Aunty Entity the ruler of Bartertown 153 Upon release critical response to her performance was generally positive 154 The film was a global success grossing more than 36 million in the United States 155 Turner later received the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress for her role in the film 156 She recorded two songs for the film We Don t Need Another Hero Thunderdome and One of the Living both became hits with the latter winning her a Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance 64 In July 1985 Turner performed at Live Aid alongside Mick Jagger 157 Their performance shocked observers when Jagger ripped her skirt off 158 21 Turner released a duet It s Only Love with Bryan Adams 159 It was nominated for a Grammy Award and the music video won an MTV Video Music Award for Best Stage Performance 160 In 1986 Turner released her sixth solo album Break Every Rule which reached No 1 in four countries and sold over five million copies worldwide within its first year of release 161 The album sold more than a million copies in the United States and Germany alone 162 145 The album featured the singles Typical Male Two People What You Get Is What You See and the Grammy winning Back Where You Started Prior to the album s release Turner published her autobiography I Tina which became a bestseller That year she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame 163 Her Break Every Rule World Tour which began in March 1987 in Munich Germany was the third highest grossing tour by a female artist in North America that year 164 In January 1988 Turner performed in front of approximately 180 000 at Maracana Stadium in Rio de Janeiro Brazil setting a Guinness World Record at the time for the largest paying concert attendance for a solo artist 165 166 In April 1988 Turner released the Tina Live in Europe album which won a Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance 167 After taking time off following the end of the tour she emerged with the Foreign Affair album in 1989 It reached No 1 in eight countries including in the UK 5 Platinum her first number one album there The album sold over six million copies worldwide and included the international hit single The Best 168 169 In 1990 Turner embarked on her Foreign Affair European Tour which drew in nearly four million spectators breaking the record for a European tour that was previously set by the Rolling Stones 170 In October 1991 Turner released her first greatest hits compilation Simply the Best which sold seven million copies worldwide 171 The album is her biggest seller in the UK where it s certified 8 Platinum with more than two million copies sold 172 Private Dancer was the beginning of my success in England and basically Europe has been very supportive of my music I am not as big as Madonna in the United States I m as big as Madonna in Europe I m as big as in some places in Europe as the Rolling Stones sic Turner reflecting on her European success Larry King Live 1997 173 In 1991 Ike amp Tina Turner were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 174 Ike Turner was incarcerated at the time and Tina Turner did not attend 175 Turner stated through her publicist that she was taking a leave of absence following her tour and she felt emotionally unequipped to return to the U S and respond to the night of celebration in the manner she would want 176 Phil Spector accepted the award on their behalf 177 In 1993 the semi autobiographical film What s Love Got to Do with It was released 178 The film starred Angela Bassett as Tina Turner and Laurence Fishburne as Ike Turner they received Best Actress and Best Actor Oscar nominations for their roles 179 While she was not heavily involved in the film Turner contributed to the soundtrack for What s Love Got to Do with It re recording old songs and several new songs The single I Don t Wanna Fight from the soundtrack was a top 10 hit in the US and UK 180 181 In 1993 Turner embarked on her What s Love Tour which visited primarily North America with a few shows in Australasia and Europe In 1995 Turner returned to the studio releasing GoldenEye which was written by Bono and the Edge of U2 for the James Bond film GoldenEye 182 In 1996 Turner released the Wildest Dreams album accompanied by her Wildest Dreams Tour In September 1999 before celebrating her 60th birthday Turner released the dance infused song When the Heartache Is Over as the leading single from her tenth and final solo album Twenty Four Seven 183 The success of the single and the following tour helped the album become certified Gold by the RIAA 145 The Twenty Four Seven Tour was the highest grossing tour of 2000 grossing over 120 million 184 Her two concerts at Wembley Stadium were recorded by the director David Mallet and released in the DVD One Last Time Live in Concert 185 At a July 2000 concert in Zurich Switzerland Turner announced that she would retire at the end of the tour 186 Later career 2001 2021 edit nbsp Turner during her 50th Anniversary Tour in 2009In November 2004 Turner released All the Best which debuted at No 2 on the Billboard 200 in 2005 her highest charting album in the United States 187 The album went platinum in the US three months after its release and reached platinum status in seven other countries including the UK 188 189 In December 2005 Turner was recognized by the Kennedy Center Honors at the John F Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington DC and was elected to join an elite group of entertainers 190 In February 2006 Turner released Teach Me Again a duet single with Italian singer songwriter Elisa that was recorded for the anthology film All the Invisible Children 191 192 The whole revenue from the single s sales was donated to charity projects for children led by the World Food Programme and UNICEF 191 Turner made a public comeback in February 2008 at the Grammy Awards where she performed alongside Beyonce 193 194 In addition she won a Grammy as a featured artist on River The Joni Letters In October 2008 Turner embarked on her first tour in nearly ten years with the Tina 50th Anniversary Tour 195 196 In support of the tour Turner released a greatest hits compilation The tour was a huge success and became one of the bestselling tours of all time 184 In 2009 Turner officially retired from performing 11 197 In 2009 Turner co founded a global music foundation Beyond Foundation 198 with Swiss Christian musician Regula Curti and Swiss Tibetan Buddhist Dechen Shak Dagsay Turner co released four albums of spiritual or uplifting music released through projects with Beyond Buddhist and Christian Prayers 2009 Children 2011 Love Within 2014 and Awakening 2017 As of 2023 the Swiss Beyond Foundation remains active and enables the collaboration of musical artists from different parts of the world 199 In April 2010 mainly due to an online campaign by fans of Rangers Football Club Turner s 1989 hit The Best returned to the UK singles chart peaking at No 9 This made Turner the first female recording artist in UK chart history to score top 40 hits in six consecutive decades 1960s 2010s 200 In 2011 Beyond s second album Children With Children United in Prayer followed and charted again in Switzerland Turner promoted the album by performing on TV shows in Germany and Switzerland In April 2013 Turner appeared on the cover of the German issue of Vogue magazine at the age of 73 becoming the oldest person to be featured on the cover of Vogue 201 In February 2014 Parlophone Records released a new compilation titled Love Songs 11 nbsp The musical Tina playing at the Aldwych Theatre in the West End September 2019In December 2016 Turner announced that she had been working on Tina a musical based on her life story in collaboration with Phyllida Lloyd and Stage Entertainment 202 The show opened at the Aldwych Theatre in London in April 2018 with Adrienne Warren in the lead role 203 Warren reprised her role on Broadway in the fall of 2019 204 Turner received the 2018 Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and her second memoir My Love Story was released in October 2018 205 206 In 2020 she came out of retirement to collaborate with Norwegian producer Kygo on a remix of What s Love Got to Do with It 207 With this release she became the first artist to have a top 40 hit in seven consecutive decades in the UK 208 In 2020 Turner released her third book Happiness Becomes You A Guide to Changing Your Life for Good She co wrote the book with American author Taro Gold and Swiss singer Regula Curti 209 It was chosen by Amazon s editors as a Best Nonfiction book of 2020 210 In 2021 Turner appeared in the documentary film Tina directed by Dan Lindsay and T J Martin 211 In October 2021 Turner sold her music rights to BMG Rights Management for an estimated 50 million with Warner Music still handling distribution of her music 212 Later that month Turner was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a solo artist accepting her award via satellite from her home near Zurich Switzerland 213 Personal life editRelationships and marriages edit Early relationships edit While still in Brownsville Turner fell in love for the first time with Harry Taylor 214 They met at a high school basketball game Taylor initially attended a different school but he relocated to be near her 215 In 1986 she told Rolling Stone Harry was real popular and had tons of girlfriends but eventually I got him and we went steady for a year 216 Their relationship ended after she discovered that Taylor had married another girl who was expecting his child 216 After moving to St Louis Turner and her sister Alline became acquainted with Ike Turner s Kings of Rhythm Alline was dating the band s drummer Eugene Washington and Bullock began dating the saxophonist Raymond Hill After Turner became pregnant during her senior year of high school she moved in with Hill who lived with Ike Turner 217 She recalled I didn t love him as much as I d loved Harry But he was good looking I thought My baby s going to be beautiful 216 Their relationship ended after Hill broke his ankle during a wrestling match with Kings of Rhythm singer Carlson Oliver 218 Hill returned to his hometown of Clarksdale before their son Craig was born in August 1958 leaving Turner to become a single parent 219 220 Ike Turner edit nbsp Ike amp Tina Turner arriving at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol in 1971Turner likened her early relationship with Ike Turner to that of a brother and sister from another lifetime 221 They were platonic friends from the time they met in 1956 until 1960 Their affair began while Ike was with his live in girlfriend Lorraine Taylor 222 223 They became intimate when she went to sleep with him after another musician threatened to go into her room 216 221 After recording A Fool in Love in 1960 a pregnant Turner told Ike that she did not want to continue their relationship he responded by striking her in the head with a wooden shoe stretcher 224 Turner recalled that this incident was the first time he instilled fear in her but she decided to stay with him because she really did care about him 63 After the birth of their son Ronnie in October 1960 they moved to Los Angeles in 1962 and married in Tijuana In 1963 Ike purchased a house in the View Park area 225 They brought their son Ronnie Turner s son Craig and Ike s two sons with Lorraine Ike Jr and Michael from St Louis to live with them 226 227 She later revealed in I Tina that Ike was abusive and promiscuous throughout their marriage which led to her suicide attempt in 1968 by overdosing on Valium pills 33 She said It was my relationship with Ike that made me most unhappy At first I had really been in love with him Look what he d done for me But he was totally unpredictable 228 Later on in his old age Ike was diagnosed with bipolar disorder 229 By the mid 1970s Ike was heavily addicted to cocaine which hindered his relationship with Turner She abruptly left Ike after they got into a bloody fight on their way to the Dallas Statler Hilton on July 1 1976 230 231 She fled with only 36 cents and a Mobil credit card in her pocket to the nearby Ramada Inn across the freeway 232 233 On July 27 Turner filed for divorce on the grounds of irreconcilable differences 234 235 Her divorce petition asked for 4 000 a month in alimony 1 000 a month in child support and custody of her sons Craig and Ronnie 236 The divorce was finalized on March 29 1978 237 In the final divorce decree Turner took responsibility for missed concert dates as well as an IRS lien Turner retained songwriter royalties from songs she had written but Ike got the publishing royalties for his compositions and hers 238 She also kept her two Jaguars furs jewelry and her stage name 238 Turner gave Ike her share of their Bolic Sound recording studio publishing companies and real estate and he kept his four cars 238 Several promoters lost money and sued to recoup their losses For almost two years she received food stamps and played small clubs to pay off debts 117 Ike Turner stated on several occasions that he was never officially married to Turner because he was legally married to another woman at the time of their ceremony 239 240 241 However they had a common law marriage and still had to go through a formal divorce 242 He also stated that her birth name was Martha Nell Bullock not Anna Mae Bullock 243 She signed her legal name as Martha Nell Turner on multiple contracts 18 17 In his autobiography Takin Back My Name Ike Turner stated Sure I ve slapped Tina We had fights and there have been times when I punched her to the ground without thinking But I never beat her 244 In a 1999 interview on The Roseanne Show Roseanne Barr urged Ike to publicly apologize to Turner 245 In 2007 Ike told Jet that he still loved her and he had written a letter apologizing for putting her and the kids through that kind of stuff but he never sent it 246 247 After his death on December 12 2007 Turner issued a brief statement through her spokesperson Tina hasn t had any contact with Ike in more than 30 years No further comment will be made 248 Turner s sister Alline still considered Ike her brother in law and attended his funeral 249 Phil Spector criticized Tina Turner at the funeral 250 Turner told The Sunday Times in 2018 that as an old person I have forgiven him but I would not work with him He asked for one more tour with me and I said No absolutely not Ike wasn t someone you could forgive and allow him back in 251 252 253 Erwin Bach edit In 1986 Turner met German music executive Erwin Bach who was sent by her European record label EMI to greet Turner at Dusseldorf Airport 254 Bach was over sixteen years her junior 255 Initially friends they began dating later that year In July 2013 after a 27 year romantic relationship they married in a civil ceremony on the banks of Lake Zurich in Kusnacht Switzerland 256 Children edit Turner had two biological sons one with Kings of Rhythm saxophonist Raymond Hill named Raymond Craig born on August 20 1958 and the other with Ike Turner Ronald Ronnie Renelle Turner born on October 27 1960 1 45 She also adopted two of Ike Turner s children raising them as her own 1 Turner was 18 years of age when she gave birth to her eldest son 257 Ike Turner adopted Raymond Craig Hill and changed his name to Craig Raymond Turner 258 Craig was found dead in an apparent suicide in July 2018 259 Turner s younger son Ronnie played bass guitar in a band called Manufactured Funk with songwriter and musician Patrick Moten Ronnie also played for both of his parents bands 260 261 262 263 264 Through him Turner had two grandchildren 1 He was married to French singer Afida Turner 265 Ronnie died from complications of colon cancer in December 2022 266 During Turner s divorce trial Ike sent their four sons to live with Tina and gave her money for one month s rent 122 267 Ike Turner Jr worked as a sound engineer at Bolic Sound and briefly for Turner after her divorce 237 later winning a Grammy Award for producing his father s album Risin with the Blues 268 He toured with former Ikette Randi Love as Sweet Randi Love and the Love Thang Band 269 Ike Turner Jr stated that he and his brothers have a distant relationship with their mother Tina 263 Turner wrote in her autobiography I Tina that after her divorce she became a little bit estranged from all her sons except Craig 270 In 1989 Turner told TV Week that she s still there for the boys 271 but there had been reports of Turner s estrangement from her sons in the years before her death 272 273 Religious beliefs edit Turner sometimes referred to herself as a Buddhist Baptist alluding to her upbringing in the Baptist church where her father was a deacon and her later conversion to Buddhism as an adult 274 In a 2016 interview with Lion s Roar magazine she declared I consider myself a Buddhist 275 The February 15 1979 issue of Jet magazine featured Turner with her Buddhist altar on the cover 276 Turner credited the Liturgy of Nichiren Daishonin and Soka Gakkai International for her introduction to spiritual knowledge 277 278 Turner stated in her 1986 autobiography I Tina that she was introduced to Nichiren Buddhism by Ike Turner s friend Valerie Bishop who taught her the chant nam myōhō renge kyō in 1973 279 280 Turner later stated in her 2020 spiritual memoir Happiness Becomes You that her son Ronnie Turner first suggested she might benefit from chanting 281 Turner practiced Buddhism with her neighborhood Soka Gakkai International chanting group 282 After chanting Turner noticed positive changes in her life which she attributed to her newfound spiritual practice She said I realized that I had within me everyone I needed to change my life for the better 279 282 During the hardest times of her life Turner chanted four hours per day and although in later life she no longer chanted as much she still maintained a daily practice 280 Turner likened Buddhist chanting to singing She told Lion s Roar Nam myoho renge kyo is a song In the Soka Gakkai tradition we are taught how to sing it It is a sound and a rhythm and it touches a place inside you That place we try to reach is the subconscious mind I believe that it is the highest place and if you communicate with it that is when you receive information on what to do 275 Dramatizations of Turner chanting were included both in the 1993 film What s Love Got to Do with It and in the 2021 documentary film Tina 283 284 285 Turner met with the 14th Dalai Lama in Einsiedeln Switzerland on August 2 2005 She also met with Swiss Tibetan Buddhist singer Dechen Shak Dagsay and in 2009 co created a spiritual music project with Shak Dagsay and Swiss singer Regula Curti called Beyond 286 287 Residences citizenship and wealth edit Turner began living at Chateau Algonquin in Kusnacht on the shore of Lake Zurich in 1994 288 289 Turner previously owned property in Cologne London and Los Angeles and a villa on the French Riviera named Anna Fleur 290 291 In 2013 Turner applied for Swiss citizenship 292 293 stating she would relinquish her US citizenship 294 295 The stated reasons for the relinquishment were that she no longer had any strong ties to the United States and has no plans to reside there in the future 295 In April she undertook a mandatory citizenship test which included advanced knowledge of German the official language of the canton of Zurich and of Swiss history On April 22 2013 she became a citizen of Switzerland and was issued a Swiss passport 296 Turner signed the paperwork to relinquish her American citizenship at the US embassy in Bern on October 24 2013 295 Turner s wealth was estimated at 225 million Swiss francs about US 250 million in 2022 by the Swiss business magazine Bilanz 297 Illness and death edit nbsp Turner s home Villa Algonquin in Kusnacht Switzerland two days after her deathTurner revealed in her 2018 memoir My Love Story that she had multiple life threatening illnesses 298 She had high blood pressure since 1978 which remained mostly untreated and resulted in damage to her kidneys and eventual kidney failure 299 In 2013 three weeks after her wedding to Erwin Bach she had a stroke and needed to learn to walk again 299 In 2016 she was diagnosed with intestinal cancer 299 While she attempted to treat her health problems with homeopathy they worsened 299 Her chances of receiving a kidney transplant were considered low and she was urged to start dialysis She signed up with an organization that facilitates assisted suicide a procedure which is legal in Switzerland becoming a member of Exit International 300 However her husband offered to donate a kidney for transplant 14 She accepted his donation and had kidney transplant surgery on April 7 2017 301 Turner also openly discussed her feeling of shame after discovering that she had dyslexia 302 On May 24 2023 Turner died at her home in Kusnacht Switzerland aged 83 following years of illness 303 304 Turner s body was cremated after a private funeral 305 In the aftermath of her death many fellow artists mourned her loss including Beyonce 306 Mariah Carey Janelle Monae Questlove Pete Townshend Diana Ross Dolly Parton 307 Debbie Harry Gloria Gaynor Bryan Adams Jimmy Barnes 308 Peter Andre 309 Kerry Katona 310 Lionel Richie 311 Elton John 312 Madonna 313 Rod Stewart 314 Cher Lizzo 315 Brittany Howard 316 Mick Jagger 306 Keith Richards 317 and Ronnie Wood 318 Patti LaBelle paid tribute to Turner with a rendition of The Best at the 2023 BET Awards 319 Turner also received tributes by model Naomi Campbell as well as film and television figures such as Oprah Winfrey Angela Bassett Jenifer Lewis Forest Whitaker 306 307 and Bette Midler 314 and theater producer Joop van den Ende 320 US president Joe Biden as well as former presidents Barack Obama and Bill Clinton and Swiss president Alain Berset also paid tribute to Turner through public statements 307 321 King Charles III paid tribute by allowing The Best to be performed during the changing of the guard 322 The junior common room of St Cuthbert s Society a college of Durham University granted Turner Honorary Afterlife Membership 323 Musical legacy and accolades editOften referred to as The Queen of Rock and Roll Turner is considered one of the greatest singers of all time 324 216 325 She was noted for her swagger sensuality gravelly vocals and unstoppable energy along with her career longevity and her famous legs 4 5 6 Journalist Kurt Loder asserted that Turner s voice combined the emotional force of the great blues singers with a sheer wallpaper peeling power that seemed made to order for the age of amplification 4 Daphne A Brooks a scholar of African American studies wrote for The Guardian 4 Turner merged sound and movement at a critical turning point in rock history navigating and reflecting back the technological innovations of a new pop music era in the 60s and 70s She catapulted herself to the forefront of a musical revolution that had long marginalized and overlooked the pioneering contributions of African American women and then remade herself again at an age when most pop musicians were hitting the oldies circuit Turner s musical character has always been a charged combination of mystery as well as light melancholy mixed with a ferocious vitality that often flirted with danger Awards honors and achievements edit Main article List of awards and nominations received by Tina Turner nbsp Turner holding certification plaques with Don GriersonTurner previously held a Guinness World Record for the largest paying audience 180 000 in 1988 for a solo performer 165 166 In the UK Turner was the first artist to have a top 40 hit in seven consecutive decades she has a total of 35 UK top 40 hits 208 She sold over 100 million records worldwide including certified RIAA album sales of 10 million 326 As of May 2023 Turner has reportedly sold around 100 to 150 million records worldwide 327 328 329 Turner won a total of 12 Grammy Awards These awards include eight competitive Grammy Awards 64 she shares the record with Pat Benatar and with Sheryl Crow for most awards four given for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance 330 Three of her recordings River Deep Mountain High 1999 Proud Mary 2003 and What s Love Got to Do with It 2012 are in the Grammy Hall of Fame 331 Turner is the only female artist to have won a Grammy in the pop rock and R amp B fields 332 Turner received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2018 333 Turner also won Grammys as a member of USA for Africa and as a performer at the 1986 Prince s trust concert nbsp Turner s star on the Hollywood Walk Of Fame covered with flowers and tributes from her fans on May 28 2023Turner received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1986 and a star on the St Louis Walk of Fame in 1991 163 334 After her passing her star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame was covered with flowers from loving fans Fans around the world paid respect with flowers and candles lit outside her home in Switzerland and outside London s Aldwych Theatre the home of the musical Tina Gloria Gaynor said Turner paved the way for so many women in rock music black and white Turner was also praised by Mariah Carey and Oprah Winfrey as a survivor who overcame years of domestic abuse Michelle and Barack Obama praised her for singing her truth through joy and pain The charity Women s Aid paid tribute with a quote from one of Turner s songs saying She will always be simply the best 335 She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a duo with Ike Turner in 1991 174 In 2005 Turner received the prestigious Kennedy Center Honors 336 President George W Bush commented on her natural skill the energy and sensuality 337 and referred to her legs as the most famous in show business 338 Several artists paid tribute to her that night including Melissa Etheridge performing River Deep Mountain High Queen Latifah performing What s Love Got to Do with It Beyonce performing Proud Mary and Al Green performing Let s Stay Together Oprah Winfrey stated We don t need another hero We need more heroines like you Tina You make me proud to spell my name w o m a n 339 In 2021 Turner was inducted by Angela Bassett into the Rock amp Roll Hall of Fame as a solo artist 213 Keith Urban and H E R performed It s Only Love Mickey Guyton performed What s Love Got to Do with It and Christina Aguilera performed River Deep Mountain High 213 Turner has also received the following honors 1967 Turner was the first black artist and first female on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine Issue No 2 86 1993 World Music Awards presented Turner with the Legend Award 340 1993 Essence Awards honored Turner 341 with the Living Legend Award 342 1996 Turner received the accolade of Legion d Honneur from the French education minister 343 1999 Turner ranked No 2 on VH1 s list of 100 Greatest Women of Rock and Roll 344 2002 Tennessee State Route 19 between Brownsville and Nutbush was named Tina Turner Highway 345 346 347 2003 Rolling Stone ranked Proud Mary The Best of Ike amp Tina Turner No 212 on their list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time No 214 on 2012 revised list 348 349 2004 People ranked her 1985 performance of What s Love Got to Do With It as one of the top 10 Grammy moments 350 2008 Rolling Stone ranked Turner No 17 on their list of the 100 Greatest Singers of All Time 324 2009 Time ranked her 1985 performance of What s Love Got to Do With It as one of the top 10 Grammy moments 351 2010 Rolling Stone ranked Turner No 63 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time 352 2013 Turner covered Vogue Germany becoming the oldest person aged 73 to cover Vogue magazine surpassing Meryl Streep aged 62 who covered American Vogue in 2012 353 2014 Turner was inducted into the Soul Music Hall of Fame 354 2015 Rolling Stone ranked Ike amp Tina Turner No 2 on their list of the 20 Greatest Duos of All Time 355 2015 Ike amp Tina Turner were inducted into the St Louis Classic Rock Hall of Fame 356 2016 An image of Turner taken by Jack Robinson in 1969 was used as the cover for The Last Shadow Puppets album Everything You ve Come to Expect 357 2019 Turner was inducted into the Memphis Music Hall of Fame 358 2020 Private Dancer was added to the National Recording Registry at the Library of Congress 359 2021 Turner became a two time Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee 360 2021 Turner received an honorary doctorate for her unique musical and artistic life s work from the Philosophical and Historical Faculty of the University of Bern 361 2022 Mattel released a Barbie doll in Turner s likeness to commemorate her single What s Love Got To Do With It 362 2023 Rolling Stone ranked Turner No 55 on their list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time 363 Discography editMain articles Tina Turner discography and Ike amp Tina Turner discography See also List of songs written by Tina Turner and List of songs written by Ike Turner Studio albums edit Tina Turns the Country On 1974 Acid Queen 1975 Rough 1978 Love Explosion 1979 Private Dancer 1984 Break Every Rule 1986 Foreign Affair 1989 Wildest Dreams 1996 Twenty Four Seven 1999 Tours editSee also List of Ike amp Tina Turner live performances 1977 Australian Tour 364 1978 Tina Turner Revue 365 1979 Tina Turner Show 366 1981 1983 Tina Turner Live in Concert 367 1984 1984 World Tour 368 1985 Private Dancer Tour 369 1987 1988 Break Every Rule World Tour 370 1990 Foreign Affair The Farewell Tour 371 1993 What s Love Tour 372 1996 1997 Wildest Dreams Tour 373 2000 Twenty Four Seven Tour 374 2008 2009 Tina 50th Anniversary Tour 375 As opening act edit 1981 American Tour 1981 for the Rolling Stones 376 1981 Worth Leavin Home For Tour for Rod Stewart 377 1984 Can t Slow Down Tour for Lionel Richie 378 Filmography editYear Film Role Notes1965 The Big T N T Show Herself Sequel to T A M I Show 379 1970 It s Your Thing Herself Documentary on the Isley Brothers concert at Yankee Stadium 380 1970 Gimme Shelter Herself Documentary on the Rolling Stones 1969 American tour 381 1971 Soul to Soul Herself Documentary on the Independence Day concert in Ghana 382 1971 Taking Off Herself 381 1971 Good Vibrations from Central Park Herself 383 1975 Tommy The Acid Queen 381 1975 Ann Margret Olsson Herself TV programme 384 1975 Poiret est a vous Herself TV variety show 385 1978 Sgt Pepper s Lonely Hearts Club Band Our Guests at Heartland 386 1982 Chuck Berry Live at the Roxy with Tina Turner Herself 381 1985 Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome Aunty Entity Won 1986 NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture 381 1993 What s Love Got to Do with it Herself Singing voice for Angela Bassett also archive footage 381 1993 Tina Turner Girl From Nutbush Herself Documentary 381 1993 Last Action Hero The Mayor 381 2000 Ally McBeal Herself Episode The Oddball Parade 381 2012 Ike amp Tina on the Road 1971 72 Herself Documentary filmed by rock photographer Bob Gruen 387 2021 Tina Herself Documentary 388 final film roleBooks editTina 1985 389 I Tina My Life Story 1986 390 My Love Story A Memoir Atria Books 2018 391 Happiness Becomes You A Guide to Changing Your Life for Good Atria Books 2020 392 Tina Turner That s My Life 393 Notes edit The 1940 United States Census lists her as Anna Bullock However Turner signed her legal name as Martha Nell Turner on contracts in 1977 and 1978 and Ike Turner stated that her birth name was Martha Nell Bullock References edit a b c d Tina Turner Singer People May 8 2000 Archived from the original on December 2 2018 Retrieved March 8 2019 Pierce Charles P May 24 2023 Rest In Peace to Tina Turner a True Rock n Roll Singer Esquire Retrieved May 24 2023 Snapes Laura May 24 2023 Tina Turner legendary rock n roll singer dies aged 83 The Guardian Retrieved May 24 2023 a b c d Tina Turner the making of a rock n roll revolutionary The Guardian Archived from the original on February 12 2019 Retrieved January 21 2019 a b A new campaign for Hanes hosiery features the singer Tina Turner and her famous legs The New York Times September 17 1996 Archived from the original on November 27 2020 Retrieved November 19 2020 a b Tina Turner on Stage Gallery of The Popular Image San Francisco Art Exchange Archived from the original on January 20 2023 Retrieved January 20 2023 Kamen Al November 12 2013 Tina Turner formally relinquishes U S citizenship The Washington Post Archived from the original on November 16 2017 Retrieved March 28 2021 a b c Gleason Ralph J November 16 1969 Tina Turner A Triumph of Instant Ecstasy San Francisco Sunday Examiner amp Chronicle p 37 a b Ike and Tina Turner Rock amp Roll Hall of Fame Archived from the original on March 7 2021 Retrieved February 27 2021 Rewinding the Charts In 1985 Tina Turner Kept Her Hot Streak With We Don t Need Another Hero Billboard July 6 2015 Archived from the original on February 23 2021 Retrieved February 27 2021 a b c Caulfield Keith January 21 2014 Happily Retired Tina Turner Set to Release Love Songs Album Billboard Archived from the original on October 6 2019 Retrieved September 16 2019 Highest attendance at a ticketed concert by a female artist Guinness World Records January 16 1988 Archived from the original on August 21 2023 Retrieved August 26 2023 It s about self love How TINA captures an icon who refused to falter The Independent March 27 2021 a b Devine Kenzi June 2023 Why Tina was better than all the rest New No 1034 Reach plc pp 8 9 Women of the year award Archived from the original on October 20 2012 Retrieved September 17 2012 Anna Bullock United States Census 1940 FamilySearch Archived from the original on May 31 2023 Retrieved May 31 2023 a b Tina Turner Signed Contract 1977 Music Memorabilia Autographs Lot 52395 Heritage Auctions October 2008 Archived from the original on July 31 2019 Retrieved July 31 2019 a b Tina Turner Signed Agreement 1978 Music Memorabilia Lot 23263 Heritage Auctions Archived from the original on August 16 2021 Retrieved August 16 2021 a b Turner amp Loder 1986 p 4 a b Fong Torres Ben October 14 1971 Tales of Ike and Tina Turner Rolling Stone Archived from the original on July 13 2019 Retrieved September 14 2019 a b Brooks Daphne March 22 2018 Tina Turner the making of a rock n roll revolutionary The Guardian Archived from the original on December 15 2018 Retrieved December 15 2018 Loder Kurt October 11 1984 Tina Turner Sole Survivor Rolling Stone Archived from the original on December 19 2018 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Mississippi for blacks established in 1875 among graduates are Grace Bumbry Arthur Ashe and Tina Turner April Hunt For the AJC 8 celebrities you never knew were once nurses The Atlanta Journal Constitution Archived from the original on February 24 2019 Retrieved February 23 2019 Turner amp Loder 1986 p 59 Turner amp Loder 1986 p 40 Cawthorne amp Turner 1999 p 71 Turner amp Loder p 62 sfn error no target CITEREFTurnerLoder help a b c d Gulla 2008 p 175 Turner amp Loder 1986 p 62 Hasday 1999 p 10 Cawthorne amp Turner 1999 p 253 Durchholz Daniel May 16 2001 We Like Ike Riverfront Times Archived from the original on May 10 2020 Retrieved April 5 2020 Cooperman Jeannette February 26 2010 A Conversation With Robbie Montgomery St Louis Magazine Archived from the original on June 5 2019 Retrieved July 18 2019 a b Cawthorne amp Turner 1999 p 73 Cawthorne amp Turner 1999 p 74 a b c d e Gulla 2008 p 176 Collis 2003 p 25 a b McKeen 2000 p 252 McKeen 2000 p 253 Cawthorne amp Turner 1999 p 35 Bego 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2019 Turner amp Loder 1986 p 173 Cawthorne amp Turner 1999 p 270 Mabery 1986 pp 88 90 Temple U Sues Ike And Tina Turner Jet 59 August 4 1977 a b Turner amp Loder 1986 p 198 Turner amp Loder 1986 p 203 Lucas Bob January 5 1978 New Year New Tina New Title Jet 20 24 Lucas Bob July 28 1977 Trials And Triumphs Test Tina Turner Jet 58 60 Tina goes solo The Sydney Morning Herald August 4 1977 p 11 Wynn 1985 p 70 Koenig 1986 pp 20 30 Turner amp Loder 1986 p 176 Tina Turner anni Ottanta i meriti di Pippo Baudo Indiscreto in Italian November 26 2019 Retrieved November 17 2020 Turner amp Loder 1986 p 176 177 Should Famous Blacks Entertain In South Africa Jet 55 May 27 1985 Palmer Robert October 28 1981 The Pop Life The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 24 2015 Retrieved November 17 2020 Rockwell John November 7 1981 Pop The Stones at Play The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 24 2015 Retrieved November 17 2020 Fissinger 1985 p 82 Why It 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Platinum RIAA Recording Industry Association of America Archived from the original on September 24 2020 Retrieved March 6 2019 APRA Lauds Aussie Manager Davies Billboard June 9 2008 Archived from the original on October 24 2020 Retrieved November 29 2020 Norris Sharon Tina Turner Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture Archived from the original on May 22 2013 Retrieved September 3 2008 what s love got to do with it full Official Chart History Official Charts Company Archived from the original on November 28 2019 Retrieved November 28 2019 Watch Tina Turner Win Best Pop Vocal Performance National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences November 22 2019 Archived from the original on June 3 2020 Retrieved November 28 2019 DiMartino Dave April 15 2016 Music in the 20th Century 3 Vol Set Routledge ISBN 9781317464297 via Google Books Pegg Nicholas 2016 The Complete David Bowie Revised and Updated ed London Titan Books p 287 ISBN 978 1 78565 365 0 Bego 2005 p 182 Lichtenfeld Eric 2007 Action Speaks Louder Violence Spectacle and the American Action Movie Wesleyan University Press p 153 ISBN 978 0 8195 6801 4 Tina Turner Excels In First Dramatic Role In Mad Max Movie Jet 68 20 28 30 July 29 1985 Allen Robert Clyde 1995 To be Continued Soap Operas Around the World Routledge p 115 ISBN 0 415 11006 8 Image Awards The Crisis 93 1 42 January 1986 Denisoff R Serge 1988 Inside MTV Transaction Publishers pp 274 278 ISBN 0 88738 864 7 Kent Lucinda July 13 2015 Live Aid at 30 Seven things about Bob Geldof s charity concert ABC News Archived from the original on December 13 2019 Retrieved June 3 2019 it s only love full Official Chart History Official Charts Company Archived from the original on May 5 2019 Retrieved May 5 2019 John Wikane Christian February 9 2018 Jewels for the Queen Tina Turner s Lifetime of Grammy Gold PopMatters Archived from the original on March 4 2018 Retrieved March 4 2018 Break Every Rule PDF Billboard August 15 1987 pp T 22 Archived PDF from the 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Knockin on Heaven s Good Vibrations Maybe Baby Ain t That a Shame Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on December 5 2019 Retrieved December 5 2019 Dan Hartman Dies Songwriter Was 43 The New York Times April 7 1994 Archived from the original on December 3 2007 Retrieved October 27 2015 Tina ends European tour and will take a year off Jet Vol 79 no 7 November 26 1990 p 35 Simply the Best Tina Turner is Vogue s oldest cover girl Yahoo March 11 2013 Archived from the original on March 5 2016 Retrieved October 27 2015 Record Breakers and Trivia Albums everyHit com com Archived from the original on January 30 2021 Retrieved September 5 2020 Why Tina Turner left the U S 1997 Larry King Live interview May 20 2016 Archived from the original on April 20 2019 Retrieved January 26 2018 via YouTube a b Ike and Tina Turner Rock amp Roll Hall of Fame Archived from the original on January 11 2020 Retrieved September 16 2019 Watrous Peter January 17 1991 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Inducts Its 6th Crop of Legends The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on June 29 2019 Retrieved November 11 2020 Tina Turner Won t Attend Rock N Roll Fame Awards Jet 79 1 22 January 21 1991 War Casts Shadow On Hall Ceremony Variety January 20 1991 Archived from the original on January 11 2020 Retrieved September 16 2019 MOVIE REVIEW Love Playing It Nice and Rough Exceptional Acting Powers Story of Up and Downs of Ike and Tina Turner Los Angeles Times June 9 1993 Archived from the original on March 23 2019 Retrieved May 5 2019 Report Electronic Urban August 6 2017 Here s 9 What s Love Got to Do with It Facts You May Not Know Archived from the original on May 5 2019 Retrieved May 5 2019 Tina Turner Biography Archived from the original on May 5 2019 Retrieved May 5 2019 Harrington Richard June 6 1993 PUBLIC DANGER The Washington Post Archived from the original on May 5 2019 Retrieved May 5 2019 Maslin Janet November 17 1995 FILM REVIEW That Sexist Misogynist Dinosaur James Bond The New York Times Archived from the original on December 19 2018 Reviews amp Previews PDF Billboard December 4 1999 a b Terry Al September 21 2008 Tina Turner Live Tickets One of the Biggest Selling Concert Tickets Ever Pressemeldungen at Archived from the original on June 17 2009 Retrieved October 27 2008 Tina Turner One Last Time Live at Wembley Stadium Radio Times Archived from the original on April 14 2022 Retrieved May 25 2023 Chumacher Rasmussen Eric July 2 2000 Tina Turner Announces Retirement to Zurich Crowd MTV Archived from the original on December 15 2018 Tina Turner Billboard Archived from the original on January 19 2022 Retrieved May 24 2023 Gold amp Platinum Recording Industry Association of America Archived from the original on March 24 2022 Retrieved May 24 2023 Award Archived from the original on March 24 2022 Retrieved May 24 2023 Files John December 5 2005 At Kennedy Center Honors 5 More Join an Elite Circle The New York Times Archived from the original on April 16 2009 Retrieved October 27 2008 a b Elisa e Tina Turner insieme per l Unicef con il singolo Teach me again Rockol in Italian February 9 2006 Archived from the original on May 27 2023 Retrieved May 27 2023 Elisa ricorda la collaborazione con Tina Turner Una forza gentile saggia e materna Rolling Stone Italia Rolling Stone Italia in Italian May 25 2023 Archived from the original on May 27 2023 Retrieved May 27 2023 Tina Turner wows Grammy crowd with comeback Reuters February 11 2008 Archived from the original on February 14 2008 Retrieved February 17 2008 Grammy Awards Tina Turner Kanye West sizzle onstage The Dallas Morning News February 11 2008 Archived from the original on June 17 2009 Retrieved October 27 2008 Tina Turner says she s hitting the road again USA Today April 30 2008 Archived from the original on June 19 2009 Retrieved May 21 2008 Gundersen Edna September 30 2008 Tina Turner is back by popular demand USA Today Archived from the original on November 4 2008 Retrieved October 27 2008 Tina Turner marries her partner in Switzerland BBC July 18 2013 Archived from the original on June 4 2020 Retrieved November 28 2019 Beyond Music May 24 2023 Archived from the original on March 7 2023 Retrieved May 23 2023 Beyond Music May 24 2023 Archived from the original on May 22 2023 Retrieved May 23 2023 Rangers fans prove Simply the Best taking Tina Turner hit back into the Top 10 The Scotsman Edinburgh Archived from the original on July 15 2012 Retrieved December 14 2010 Wilson Julee March 8 2013 Tina Turner Vogue Germany Cover Singer s First Time Gracing Glossy HuffPost Archived from the original on March 11 2013 Retrieved March 9 2013 A West End Tale of Tina Turner Announced londonboxoffice co uk Archived from the original on December 21 2016 Retrieved December 20 2016 How does Tina Turner rate her own musical BBC April 18 2018 Archived from the original on April 18 2018 Retrieved April 18 2018 Real Evan October 3 2018 Tina Turner Musical Tina to Make Broadway Debut 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and How to Change Your Life Archived from the original on February 8 2021 Retrieved February 9 2021 White Peter February 10 2021 HBO s Tina Turner Feature Doc To Debut This Spring Universal Pictures Content Group Takes World Rights Deadline Hollywood Archived from the original on February 10 2021 Retrieved February 14 2021 Tina Turner sells music rights for reported 50m sum BBC News October 6 2021 Archived from the original on October 6 2021 Retrieved October 6 2021 a b c Smith Troy L October 31 2021 Tina Turner owned the crowd at the Rock Hall Ceremony without even being there cleveland Archived from the original on October 31 2021 Retrieved October 31 2021 Bego 2005 p 31 Turner amp Loder 1986 p 26 a b c d e Tina Turner Queen of Rock amp Roll Rolling Stone Archived from the original on December 15 2018 Retrieved January 11 2019 Turner amp Loder 1986 p 53 Turner amp Loder 1986 p 66 Turner amp Loder 1986 pp 53 54 Bego 2005 p 55 a b Turner amp Loder 1986 p 73 Turner amp Loder 1986 pp 85 86 Cawthorne amp Turner 1999 p 77 Turner amp Loder 1986 pp 78 79 Lucas Bob January 1974 Ike and Tina Turner The Family Next Door Black Stars 37 Turner amp Loder 1986 p 81 Cawthorne amp Turner 1999 pp 82 83 Turner amp Loder 1986 p 91 Christian Margena A October 2008 The Last days of Ike Turner Ebony 94 100 Turner amp Loder 1986 p 150 On July 1 1976 For the Ike and Tina Turner Revue the opening engagement that festive weekend was at a Hilton hotel in downtown Dallas Cawthorne amp Turner 1999 p 180 That Thursday morning when the time came for us to go to Dallas to play Kirby David October 16 2018 Review Tina Turner looks back on her horrific first marriage and much more in My Love Story The Washington Post Archived from the original on January 2 2019 Retrieved January 11 2019 Runtagh Jordan October 26 2017 Tina Turner Recalls the Night She Risked Her Life to Flee Her Abusive Husband and Musical Partner Ike People Archived from the original on December 3 2018 Retrieved January 11 2019 Turner amp Loder 1986 pp 187 190 Bronson 2003 p 593 Turner amp Loder 1986 p 161 a b Turner amp Loder 1986 p 170 a b c Turner amp Loder 1986 p 169 Turner amp Loder 1986 p 97 Cawthorne amp Turner 1999 p 97 Ike Turner Is Still With His 14th Wife Howard Stern October 17 2007 Archived from the original on April 25 2019 Retrieved April 25 2019 Turner amp Loder 1986 p 210 He also claimed that he and Tina had never actually been married all those years ago a point that under California common law was by now moot R amp B Legend Ike Turner 1931 2007 NPR December 14 2007 Archived from the original on December 26 2018 Retrieved December 26 2018 At 8 06 in the interview Turner corrects the host who says Tina s real name is Annie Mae Bullock He says No her name is Martha Nell Bullock Cawthorne amp Turner 1999 p 174 The Roseanne Show 1999 01 06 archive org January 6 1999 Christian Margena A January 7 2008 Rock N Roll Pioneer Ike Turner Dies At 76 Jet 112 26 56 59 Ike Turner Dies at 76 NPR December 13 2007 Archived from the original on December 8 2019 Retrieved December 9 2019 Tina Turner No Comment on Ike Turner s Death People December 12 2007 Archived from the original on February 6 2009 Retrieved February 16 2009 Musical Tributes Honor Ike s Turner s Legacy At Funeral Jet 56 January 14 2008 Phil Spector criticises Tina Turner at Ike Turner s funeral NME December 23 2007 Archived from the original on July 4 2019 Retrieved September 16 2019 Leckie Michael March 18 2018 Tina Turner interview the singer on Ike Buddhism and leaving America for Switzerland The Sunday Times Archived from the original on March 22 2018 Retrieved March 22 2018 Jefferson J na March 22 2018 Tina Turner Says She Forgives Ex Husband Ike Billboard Archived from the original on May 26 2020 Retrieved September 14 2019 Tina Turner Says She Forgives Ex Husband Ike Vibe March 21 2018 Archived from the original on December 15 2018 Retrieved January 21 2019 Winfrey Oprah August 25 2013 Tina Turner s Love At First Sight Moment Oprah com Archived from the original on March 12 2021 Retrieved December 9 2019 We Are The Light Of Each Other s Lives Photos Of Tina Turner And Husband Erwin Bach Over The Years Essence May 24 2023 Retrieved May 24 2023 Tina Turner weds longtime partner in quiet Swiss suburb Reuters July 17 2013 Archived from the original on July 17 2013 Retrieved July 18 2013 Turner amp Loder 1986 p 55 Ann graduated from high school and on August 20 1958 she gave birth to her son Raymond Craig Deerwester Jayme July 27 2018 Tina Turner scatters son Craig s ashes in the Pacific He will always be my baby USA Today Archived from the original on December 5 2018 Retrieved December 5 2018 Clopton Ellis C July 3 2018 Tina Turner s Eldest Son Dies in Apparent Suicide Variety Archived from the original on July 4 2018 Retrieved July 4 2018 Turner amp Loder 1986 p 69 McKeen 2000 p 257 Turner amp Loder 1986 p 211 a b An Interview with Ike Turner Jr and Randi Love on The Bobby Eaton Show BlogTalkRadio October 17 2016 Archived from the original on March 8 2021 Retrieved December 4 2019 Cawthorne amp Turner 1999 p 232 PHOTOS Lesly Mess alias Afida Turner au cote de son mari Ronnie Turner et de sa belle mere Tina Turner Pure People in French Archived from the original on December 23 2022 Retrieved December 23 2022 Tina Turner s Son Ronnie s Cause of Death Is Revealed Today December 13 2022 Archived from the original on December 20 2022 Retrieved December 21 2022 Kiersh 1985 pp 40 41 Ike Turner Jr Recording Academy Grammy Awards November 23 2020 Jones Fred L October 12 2017 Tulsa Native Randi Love Giving To Give Back The Oklahoma Eagle Archived from the original on December 4 2019 Retrieved December 4 2019 Turner amp Loder 1986 p 172 What s love got to do with it Plenty TV Week 15 July 10 1989 Archived from the original on July 3 2011 Retrieved January 18 2013 Caroline Graham Caroline Daniel Hugo April 28 2018 Tina Turner s son opens up about his mother The New Zealand Herald Archived from the original on December 23 2022 Retrieved December 23 2022 Roberto Melissa April 6 2021 Tina Turner documentary fails to examine her absence as a mother source says She doesn t speak to anybody Fox News Archived from the original on April 20 2021 Retrieved December 23 2022 Orth 2004 p 42 a b Miller Andrea March 7 2016 What s Love Got to Do With It Lion s Roar magazine Archived from the original on March 6 2016 Retrieved March 8 2016 Sex and Religion Keep Tina Turner Famous and Humble Jet February 15 1979 Turner amp Loder 1986 Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge The Liturgy of Nichiren Daishonin for an introduction to spiritual knowledge Miller Andrea September 2011 What s Love Got to Do With It An interview with Tina Turner Shambhala Sun p 65 Archived from the original on July 4 2014 Retrieved January 11 2019 a b Turner amp Loder 1986 p 139 a b The Queen of Hope Living Buddhism World Tribune Soka Gakkai International USA August 1 2018 Archived from the original on August 10 2018 Retrieved January 11 2019 Turner Tina 2020 Happiness Becomes You Atria Books p 19 ISBN 978 1 9821 5215 4 a b Tina Turner on Happiness Becomes You World Tribune November 2 2020 Archived from the original on July 16 2021 Retrieved July 17 2021 Snapes Laura May 24 2023 Tina Turner legendary rock n roll singer dies aged 83 The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Archived from the original on May 25 2023 Retrieved May 25 2023 Valdez Jonah May 25 2023 How Tina Turner s Buddhist faith gave her the strength to leave Ike Turner Los Angeles Times Retrieved May 25 2023 Bushby Helen May 25 2023 How Tina Turner broke the silence on domestic abuse BBC News Archived from the original on May 25 2023 Retrieved May 25 2023 Tina Turner records album with Swiss friends SWI swissinfo ch swissinfo ch July 10 2009 Archived from the original on August 17 2016 Retrieved January 11 2019 Migros Magazine issue No 38 19 September 2011 Dreams Come True The Oprah Winfrey Show February 24 2005 Archived from the original on July 30 2012 Retrieved March 28 2012 Biography International Tina Turner Fan Club 2007 Archived from the original on May 3 2012 Retrieved March 28 2012 Tina Turner s Modern Mediterranean Style Villa in the South of France Architectural Digest March 1 2000 Archived from the original on January 26 2022 Retrieved January 26 2022 The Oprah Winfrey Show Youtube 1996 Tina Turner Becoming Swiss Citizen Giving Up U S Passport Fox News January 25 2013 Archived from the original on June 12 2018 Retrieved January 26 2013 Tina Turner to become Swiss give up US passport France 24 January 25 2013 Archived from the original on January 28 2013 Retrieved January 28 2013 Tina Turner Renounces U S Citizenship for Swiss Atlanta Black Star January 26 2013 Archived from the original on October 4 2013 Retrieved October 4 2013 a b c Kamen Al November 12 2013 Tina Turner s citizenship move part 2 In The Loop The Washington Post Archived from the original on August 6 2017 Retrieved September 17 2017 Zurcher Fabian April 23 2013 Hier besorgt sich Tina Turner den Schweizer Pass Blick in German Archived from the original on April 26 2013 Retrieved April 24 2013 Tina Turner Archived January 30 2023 at the Wayback Machine In Handelszeitung ch Bilanz November 2022 Saad Nardine October 8 2018 Tina Turner reveals her husband donated his kidney to her Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on December 17 2018 Retrieved April 17 2020 a b c d Inside Tina Turner s Health Struggles from Cancer to a Kidney Transplant Never Ending Up and Down Peoplemag Archived from the original on May 24 2023 Retrieved May 26 2023 Tina Turner opens up about son s suicide BBC October 18 2018 Archived from the original on October 26 2022 Retrieved August 4 2022 Runtagh Jordan October 5 2018 Tina Turner Reveals She Underwent a Life Saving Kidney Transplant and Husband Was the Donor People Archived from the original on October 7 2018 Retrieved October 7 2018 WENN December 12 2018 Tina Turner Princess Beatrice saved me from dyslexia shame Tickets to Movies in Theaters Broadway Shows London Theatre amp More Hollywood com Retrieved May 31 2023 Steinberg Brooke May 25 2023 Tina Turner s cause of death revealed New York Post Tina Turner Queen of Rock n Roll dies aged 83 Sky News Archived from the original on May 24 2023 Retrieved May 24 2023 Saunders Emma May 24 2023 Tina Turner Music legend dies at 83 BBC News Archived from the original on May 24 2023 Retrieved May 24 2023 Davidson Mike May 24 2023 Queen of rock n roll Tina Turner dies at 83 Reuters Archived from the original on May 24 2023 Retrieved May 24 2023 Tina Turner Cause Of Death What Did Tina Turner Die From Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College May 24 2023 Tina Turner Dead at 83 After Long Illness Archived from the original on May 24 2023 Retrieved May 25 2023 Rock and soul icon Tina Turner dead at age 83 May 24 2023 Tina Turner resilient singer hailed as the Queen of Rock and Roll dies at 83 CNN May 24 2023 Archived from the original 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mourned by Hollywood after icon s death at 83 Simply the best Yahoo News Archived from the original on June 6 2023 Retrieved June 4 2023 Tina Turner Tributes Sir Elton John Calls Her A Total Legend On Record amp On Stage Naomi Campbell amp Other Offer Condolences Koimoi May 25 2023 Archived from the original on May 28 2023 Retrieved May 28 2023 Kelsey Rivera May 24 2023 Celebrities honor the late Tina Turner Diario AS Archived from the original on May 28 2023 Retrieved May 28 2023 a b Beyonce and Oprah Winfrey lead tributes to rock queen Tina Turner Sky news May 24 2023 Archived from the original on June 8 2023 Retrieved June 4 2023 Paul Larisha May 25 2023 Lizzo Performs Proud Mary to Tribute Tina Turner I Would Not Exist Without Her Rolling Stone Archived from the original on May 26 2023 Retrieved May 27 2023 Hiatt Brian May 25 2023 Brittany Howard on Why Tina Turner Was So Punk Rolling Stone Archived from the original on May 26 2023 Retrieved May 27 2023 Coffman Tim May 26 2023 Keith Richards pays tribute to Tina Turner Far Out Archived from the original on May 29 2023 Retrieved May 29 2023 Geraghty Hollie May 25 2023 Mick Jagger Elton John and Debbie Harry lead tributes to Tina Turner who has died aged 83 NME Archived from the original on May 29 2023 Retrieved May 29 2023 Chan Anna June 26 2023 Patti LaBelle Forgets Lyrics During Tina Turner Tribute at 2023 BET Awards I m Trying Y All Billboard Retrieved August 21 2023 Joop en Janine van den Ende diep geraakt door overlijden Tina Turner De Telegraaf Archived from the original on May 30 2023 Retrieved May 30 2023 Schuetze Christopher F May 25 2023 In This Swiss Town Tina Turner Was a Neighbor Not a Star The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 30 2023 Retrieved May 30 2023 Ng Kate May 28 2023 King Charles pays tribute to Tina Turner via Welsh Guards The Best performance The Independent Archived from the original on June 5 2023 Retrieved June 5 2023 JCR Meeting 3 3 Minutes 18 06 2023 PDF Cuth s JCR Retrieved September 17 2023 a b The 100 Greatest Singers of All Time Rolling Stone No 1066 November 27 2008 p 73 Archived from the original on March 8 2009 Retrieved April 6 2009 Cosgrove Ben Tina Turner Unpublished Photos of the Queen of Rock n Roll Time Archived from the original on April 20 2019 Retrieved July 28 2019 Gold amp Platinum Top Artists Record Industry Association of America Archived from the original on June 5 2020 Retrieved April 22 2020 Tina Turner Queen of Rock n Roll Dead at 83 Time May 24 2023 Archived from the original on May 26 2023 Retrieved May 27 2023 Boyce Hunter Remembering Tina Turner a look inside the star s stunning 76 million Swiss estate The Atlanta Journal Constitution ISSN 1539 7459 Archived from the original on May 27 2023 Retrieved May 27 2023 Tina Turner s intimate and unexpected connection to St John s and Newfoundland The Globe and Mail May 25 2023 Archived from the original on May 26 2023 Retrieved May 27 2023 Grammy Awards Best Rock Vocal Performance Female Rock on the Net Archived from the original on February 22 2008 Retrieved May 25 2010 GRAMMY Hall of Fame National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences October 18 2010 Archived from the original on June 26 2019 Retrieved March 8 2019 Chart Watch Extra The Ageless Tina Turner Billboard Yahoo September 3 2010 Archived from the original on September 9 2010 Retrieved October 20 2015 Lifetime Achievement Award National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences October 18 2010 Archived from the original on March 21 2019 Retrieved March 8 2019 Tina Turner St Louis Walk of Fame Archived from the original on November 3 2019 Retrieved November 3 2019 Tina Turner Beyonce Mick Jagger and Elton John honour total legend BBC News May 25 2023 Retrieved August 1 2023 President Welcomes Kennedy Center Honorees to the White House White House December 4 2005 Archived from the original on June 18 2009 Retrieved October 27 2008 December 5 2005 Long Beach Press Telegram CA December 6 2005 Kansas City Star Thomas Karen December 4 2005 Kennedy Center honors five performing greats USA Today Archived from the original on May 7 2008 Retrieved October 27 2008 Sandler Adam June 3 1993 1993 World Music Awards Variety Archived from the original on April 14 2016 Retrieved December 16 2020 Essence Awards Honor Black Women Achievers Deseret News May 2 1993 Retrieved May 24 2023 Essence Awards TV Tina Turner Archived from the original on February 7 2023 Retrieved May 26 2023 Chevalier des Arts et Lettres by aparchive February 12 1996 Archived from the original on March 10 2018 Retrieved March 10 2018 CONSIDINE J D July 25 1999 Ranking the women of rock VH1 s list of the 100 greatest female rockers will cause arguments and maybe that s the point POP MUSIC The Baltimore Sun Archived from the original on October 26 2020 Retrieved January 2 2021 Wilder John S January 17 2002 SB 2798 Highway Signs Tina Turner Highway PDF Legislation Archives Bills and Resolutions 102nd General Assembly Nashville TN Tennessee Senate Archived PDF from the original on December 21 2018 Retrieved June 26 2010 Fitzhugh Craig January 22 2002 HB 2535 Highway Signs Tina Turner Highway PDF Legislation Archives Bills and Resolutions 102nd General Assembly Nashville TN Tennessee House of Representatives Archived PDF from the original on December 21 2018 Retrieved June 26 2010 Highway to Be Named for Tina Turner AP Online News Wire Associated Press September 25 2002 Archived from the original on November 4 2012 Retrieved June 26 2010 The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time Levy Joe 1st ed New York Wenner Books 2005 ISBN 1932958010 OCLC 60596234 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link 500 Greatest Albums of All Time Rolling Stone May 31 2012 Archived from the original on July 13 2018 Retrieved November 1 2019 Kappes Serena May 7 2004 Top 10 Grammy Moments People Archived from the original on December 17 2018 Retrieved December 16 2018 Top 10 Grammy Moments Time February 28 2009 Archived from the original on November 20 2018 Retrieved December 16 2018 100 Greatest Artists Rolling Stone December 3 2010 Archived from the original on April 6 2020 Retrieved November 3 2019 DelliCarpini Gregory Jr March 11 2013 Tina Turner Covers Vogue Germany Billboard Archived from the original on September 24 2015 Retrieved October 24 2015 Tina Turner SOULMUSIC HALL OF FAME LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT by soulmusic December 12 2014 Archived from the original on May 8 2018 Retrieved May 8 2018 20 Greatest Duos of All Time Rolling Stone December 17 2015 Archived from the original on June 2 2019 Retrieved November 4 2019 St Louis Classic Rock Hall of Fame Vote Class of 2019 stlouisclassicrock com Archived from the original on September 28 2019 Retrieved November 3 2019 The Last Shadow Puppets beat David Bowie to win top album artwork prize NME January 6 2017 Archived from the original on February 27 2021 Retrieved April 4 2021 Boyd Jared June 26 2019 Tina Turner Steve Cropper to enter Memphis Music Hall of Fame Daily Memphian Archived from the original on June 30 2019 Retrieved June 30 2019 Turner Houston Village People honored by Library of Congress CNN Video March 26 2020 Archived from the original on March 28 2020 Retrieved March 29 2020 Tina Turner Jay Z Foo Fighters Among Those Inducted Into Rock amp Roll Hall Of Fame NPR org Archived from the original on May 12 2021 Retrieved May 12 2021 Galli Jean Claude December 4 2021 Tina Turner bekommt Ehrendoktortitel der Uni Bern per Post Tina Turner receives honorary doctorate from the University of Bern by post Blick in German Ringier Archived from the original on March 8 2022 Retrieved March 8 2022 Barbie Signature Music Series Tina Turner Doll Mattel Creations October 13 2022 Archived from the original on October 15 2022 Retrieved October 16 2022 The 200 Greatest Singers of All Time Rolling Stone January 1 2023 Retrieved August 18 2023 On this day the 7th of September South Australian Roots amp Blues Archived from the original on August 16 2021 Retrieved August 15 2021 Ike amp Tina Turner Rough Tour 1978 Konzertplakat 216 40 Ike amp Tina Turner Rough Tour 1978 Konzertplakat 216 40 Archived from the original on August 16 2021 Retrieved August 15 2021 Ike amp Tina Turner Love Explosion Tour 1979 Konzertplakat TheConcertPoster 1979 Archived from the original on July 12 2021 Retrieved July 12 2021 Sources for tour held from 1981 to 1983 Gruber Ruth E December 6 1981 Tina Turner reminds Poles of the good life United Press International Archived from the original on July 12 2021 Retrieved July 12 2021 Hrenchir Tim May 25 2023 Tina Turner thrilled Topeka audience in 1982 Here s what show meant for her opening act The Topeka Capital Journal Archived from the original on June 22 2023 Retrieved June 22 2023 Abram Malcolm X May 26 2023 Looking back Tina Turner s performances dazzled Cleveland audiences over the years The Plain Dealer Advance Publications Archived from the original on June 22 2023 Retrieved June 22 2023 Pareles Jon August 23 1984 CONCERT TINA TURNER AT THE RITZ The New York Times New York City p 13 Archived from the original on July 12 2021 Retrieved July 12 2021 Johnson Brian D July 22 1985 The comeback queen of rock n roll Maclean s Archived from the original on July 27 2019 Retrieved July 12 2021 Alt URL Archived July 12 2021 at the Wayback Machine Harrington Richard June 5 1987 STARLIGHT STARS BRIGHT The Washington Post Archived from the original on July 12 2021 Retrieved July 12 2021 c, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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