fbpx
Wikipedia

Rhopalosiphum maidis

February 16, 2024

Rhopalosiphum maidis, common names corn leaf aphid and corn aphid, is an insect, and a pest of maize and other crops. It has a nearly worldwide distribution and is typically found in agricultural fields, grasslands, and forest-grassland zones. Among aphids that feed on maize, it is the most commonly encountered and most economically damaging, particularly in tropical and warmer temperate areas. In addition to maize, R. maidis damages rice, sorghum, and other cultivated and wild monocots.[2][3][4]

Rhopalosiphum maidis
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Sternorrhyncha
Family: Aphididae
Genus: Rhopalosiphum
Species:
R. maidis
Binomial name
Rhopalosiphum maidis
(Fitch, 1856)[1]
Synonyms

Description edit

The bodies of wingless parthenogenetic females are green or whitish-green. The head, antennae, legs, cornicles, tail, and transverse bands on the abdomen are black-brown. The body has sparse short hairs. The length of the antennae is less than half the length of the body. Cornicles are not longer than the finger-like tail. In winged females, the head and thoracic section are black-brown and the cornicles are shorter than in the wingless females.[2]

Most R. maidis populations are anholocyclic, i.e. reproduction occurs entirely by parthenogenesis. However, sexual reproduction has been reported in Pakistan and Korea, with Prunus ssp. as the primary host.[5][6] In populations in Japan and Kenya, males but not sexually reproducing females have been found.[7][8]

Agricultural interactions edit

In winter, winged parthenogenetic females and larvae survive on wild-growing monocots, from which they move to agricultural fields in the spring. Fields populate gradually, starting from the edges to the center. Reproduction is rapid, with up to twelve generations per year. The aphid population reaches a maximum late in the summer.

Dense populations of R. maidis on maize (Zea mays) can cause direct damage through the removal of photosynthates.[9] Large amounts of honeydew that is deposited by aphid feeding on maize tassels can prevent pollen shed and decrease yield by up to 90%.[10][11] Several damaging maize viruses, including Maize yellow dwarf virus, Barley yellow dwarf virus, Sugarcane mosaic virus, and Cucumber mosaic virus, are transmitted by R. maidis.

In addition to feeding on maize, R. maidis infests a variety of cultivated grasses, including wheat, barley, oat, rye, sorghum, sugarcane, and rice.[2][3][4] Barley is a particularly suitable host for R. maidis,[12] though there also is considerable within-species variation in resistance.[13]

Chemical ecology edit

 
Rhopalosiphum maidis (corn leaf aphids) on Zea mays (maize)

Under enhanced CO2 conditions, the growth rate and reproduction of R. maidis on barley were significantly decreased.[14] Volatiles of barley grown under enhanced CO2 were also less attractive than those from plants grown under atmospheric CO2.[15] Temperature and crowding have differential effects on wing formation in parthenogenetically reproducing R. maidis on barley.[16]

Maize inbred lines vary in their resistance to R. maidis and other insect pests.[17] Relative to other maize-feeding aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi, Schizaphis graminum, Sitobion avenae, and Metopolophium dirhodum), R. maidis exhibits a greater tolerance of benzoxazinoids, the most abundant class of maize defensive metabolites.[18] Nevertheless, lineage-specific variation in maize resistance to R. maidis was associated with differences in the abundance of 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-l,4-benzoxazin-3-one glucoside (DIMBOA-Glc), an abundant maize benzoxazinoid.[19][20][21] Both increased DIMBOA-Glc synthesis and reduced conversion to 2-hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one glucoside (HDMBOA -Glc) can enhance maize seedling resistance to R. maidis.[19][21] Maize mutations that knock out benzoxazinoid biosynthesis increase R. maidis reproduction.[21][22] In some instances, caterpillar feeding can enhance the conversion of DIMBOA-Glc to HDMBOA-Glc, thereby increasing maize resistance against R. maidis.[23] The defense signaling molecules 2-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) and ethylene are involved in regulating maize resistance to R. maidis.[24][25]

In olfactometer experiments, R. maidis were repelled by volatiles from damaged maize plants.[26] One of the major volatiles emitted by damaged maize is the terpene (E)‐β‐farnesene, which also functions as an alarm pheromone for aphids and thus may be repellent. Mutations of a maize terpene synthase, TPS2, made the plants more attractive for R. maidis.[22]

Genome sequencing edit

There is within-species variation in the chromosome numbers of R. maidis, with karyotypes of 2n = 8, 9, and 10 having been reported. Whereas R. maidis strains on maize tend to have 2n = 8, those on barley generally have 2n = 10.[27][28] To better enable research related to ecological interactions, virus transmission, pesticide resistance, and other aspects of the species biology, a high-quality genome was assembled from a parthenogenetic R. maidis lineage collected from maize.[29] The assembled genome is 321 Mb in size and features a total of 17,629 protein-coding genes. Assembly of the genome was facilitated by the extremely low level of heterozygosity in the sequenced R. maidis isolate.

Hosts edit

References edit

  1. ^
  2. ^ a b c Blackman, Roger L.; Eastop, Victor Frank (2000). Aphids on the world's crops : an identification and information guide (2nd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex, England: Wiley. ISBN 0471851914. OCLC 42290200.
  3. ^ a b "Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) - Maize Aphid". Ethiopia.ipm-info.org. 2008-05-03. Retrieved 2011-08-29.
  4. ^ a b "Rhopalosiphum maidis". Extento.hawaii.edu. Retrieved 2011-08-29.
  5. ^ Lee, S; Holman, J; Havelka, J (2002). Illustrated Catalogue of Aphididae in the Korean Peninsula Part I, Subfamily Aphidinae. Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology.
  6. ^ Remaudière, G (1991). "Découverte au Pakistan de l'hôte primaire de Rhopalosiphum maidis". C R Acad Agric Fr. 77: 61–62.
  7. ^ Eastop, V. F. (2009). "The Males of Rhopalosiphum Maidis (Fitch) and a Discussion on the Use of Males in Aphid Taxonomy". Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series A. 29 (4–6): 84–85. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1954.tb01204.x. ISSN 0375-0418.
  8. ^ Torikura, H (1991). "Revisional notes on Japanese Rhopalosiphum, with keys to species based on the morphs on the primary host". Japanese Journal of Entomology. 59: 257–273.
  9. ^ Bing, J. W.; Guthrie, W. D.; Dicke, F. F.; Obrycki, J. J. (1991). "Seedling Stage Feeding by Corn Leaf Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae): Influence on Plant Development in Maize". Journal of Economic Entomology. 84 (2): 625–632. doi:10.1093/jee/84.2.625. ISSN 1938-291X.
  10. ^ Foott, W. H.; Timmins, P. R. (1973). "Effects of Infestations by the Corn Leaf Aphid, Rhopalosiphum Maidis (Homoptera: Aphididae), on Field Corn in Southwestern Ontario". The Canadian Entomologist. 105 (3): 449–458. doi:10.4039/ent105449-3. ISSN 0008-347X. S2CID 84422311.
  11. ^ Cerena, MJ; Glogoza, P (2004). "Resistance of maize to the corn leaf aphid: A review". Maydica. 49: 241–254.
  12. ^ El‐Ibrashy, M. T.; El‐Ziady, Samira; Riad, Aida A. (1972). "Laboratory Studies on the Biology of the Corn Leaf Aphid, Rhopalosiphum Maidis (homoptera: Aphididae)". Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 15 (2): 166–174. doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1972.tb00192.x. ISSN 1570-7458. S2CID 85324421.
  13. ^ Gill, C. C.; Metcalfe, D. R. (1977). "Resistance in barley to the corn leaf aphid rhopalosiphum maidis". Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 57 (4): 1063–1070. doi:10.4141/cjps77-158. ISSN 0008-4220.
  14. ^ Chen, Yu; Serteyn, Laurent; Wang, Zhenying; He, KangLai; Francis, Frederic (2019). "Reduction of Plant Suitability for Corn Leaf Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Under Elevated Carbon Dioxide Condition". Environmental Entomology. 48 (4): 935–944. doi:10.1093/ee/nvz045. hdl:2268/237585. ISSN 0046-225X. PMID 31116399. S2CID 162171362.
  15. ^ Chen, Yu; Martin, Clément; Fingu Mabola, Junior Corneille; Verheggen, François; Wang, Zhenying; He, KangLai; Francis, Frederic (2019). "Effects of Host Plants Reared under Elevated CO2 Concentrations on the Foraging Behavior of Different Stages of Corn Leaf Aphids Rhopalosiphum maidis". Insects. 10 (6): 182. doi:10.3390/insects10060182. ISSN 2075-4450. PMC 6628410. PMID 31234573.
  16. ^ Chen, Yu; Verheggen, François J.; Sun, Dandan; Wang, Zhenying; Francis, Frederic; He, KangLai (2019). "Differential wing polyphenism adaptation across life stages under extreme high temperatures in corn leaf aphid". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 8744. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9.8744C. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-45045-x. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6584643. PMID 31217431.
  17. ^ Meihls, L. N.; Kaur, H.; Jander, G. (2012). "Natural Variation in Maize Defense against Insect Herbivores". Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. 77: 269–283. doi:10.1101/sqb.2012.77.014662. ISSN 0091-7451. PMID 23223408.
  18. ^ Caballero, Paula P.; Ramírez, Claudio C.; Niemeyer, Hermann M. (2001). "Specialisation pattern of the aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis is not modified by experience on a novel host". Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 100 (1): 43–52. doi:10.1046/j.1570-7458.2001.00846.x. ISSN 1570-7458. S2CID 85808381.
  19. ^ a b Meihls, L. N.; Handrick, V.; Glauser, G.; Barbier, H.; Kaur, H.; Haribal, M. M.; Lipka, A. E.; Gershenzon, J.; Buckler, E. S. (2013). "Natural Variation in Maize Aphid Resistance Is Associated with 2,4-Dihydroxy-7-Methoxy-1,4-Benzoxazin-3-One Glucoside Methyltransferase Activity". The Plant Cell. 25 (6): 2341–2355. doi:10.1105/tpc.113.112409. ISSN 1040-4651. PMC 3723630. PMID 23898034.
  20. ^ Mijares, Valeria; Meihls, Lisa; Jander, Georg; Tzin, Vered (2013). "Near-isogenic lines for measuring phenotypic effects of DIMBOA-Glc methyltransferase activity in maize". Plant Signaling & Behavior. 8 (10): e26779. doi:10.4161/psb.26779. ISSN 1559-2324. PMC 4091059. PMID 24494232.
  21. ^ a b c Betsiashvili, M.; Ahern, K. R.; Jander, G. (2015). "Additive effects of two quantitative trait loci that confer Rhopalosiphum maidis (corn leaf aphid) resistance in maize inbred line Mo17". Journal of Experimental Botany. 66 (2): 571–578. doi:10.1093/jxb/eru379. ISSN 0022-0957. PMC 4286405. PMID 25249072.
  22. ^ a b Tzin, Vered; Fernandez-Pozo, Noe; Richter, Annett; Schmelz, Eric A; Schoettner, Matthias; Schäfer, Martin; Ahern, Kevin R; Meihls, Lisa N; Kaur, Harleen (2015). "Dynamic maize responses to aphid feeding are revealed by a time series of transcriptomic and metabolomic assays". Plant Physiology. 169 (3): 1727–43. doi:10.1104/pp.15.01039. ISSN 0032-0889. PMC 4634079. PMID 26378100.
  23. ^ Tzin, Vered; Lindsay, Penelope L.; Christensen, Shawn A.; Meihls, Lisa N.; Blue, Levi B.; Jander, Georg (2015). "Genetic mapping shows intraspecific variation and transgressive segregation for caterpillar-induced aphid resistance in maize". Molecular Ecology. 24 (22): 5739–5750. doi:10.1111/mec.13418. PMID 26462033. S2CID 206182798.
  24. ^ Varsani, Suresh; Grover, Sajjan; Zhou, Shaoqun; Koch, Kyle G.; Huang, Pei-Cheng; Kolomiets, Michael V.; Williams, W. Paul; Heng-Moss, Tiffany; Sarath, Gautam (2019). "12-Oxo-Phytodienoic Acid Acts as a Regulator of Maize Defense against Corn Leaf Aphid". Plant Physiology. 179 (4): 1402–1415. doi:10.1104/pp.18.01472. ISSN 0032-0889. PMC 6446797. PMID 30643012.
  25. ^ Louis, Joe; Basu, Saumik; Varsani, Suresh; Castano-Duque, Lina; Jiang, Victoria; Williams, W. Paul; Felton, Gary W.; Luthe, Dawn S. (2015). "Ethylene Contributes to maize insect resistance1 -Mediated Maize Defense against the Phloem Sap-Sucking Corn Leaf Aphid". Plant Physiology. 169 (1): 313–324. doi:10.1104/pp.15.00958. ISSN 0032-0889. PMC 4577432. PMID 26253737.
  26. ^ Bernasconi, Marco L.; Turlings, Ted C. J.; Ambrosetti, Lara; Bassetti, Paolo; Dorn, Silvia (1998). "Herbivore-induced emissions of maize volatiles repel the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis". Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 87 (2): 133–142. doi:10.1046/j.1570-7458.1998.00315.x. ISSN 1570-7458. S2CID 86187075.
  27. ^ Blackman, R. L.; Brown, P. A. (1988). "Karyotype variation in the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), species complex (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in relation to host-plant and morphology". Bulletin of Entomological Research. 78 (2): 351–363. doi:10.1017/S0007485300013110. ISSN 1475-2670.
  28. ^ Blackman, RA; Brown, PA (1991). "Morphometric variation within and between populations of Rhopalosiphum maidis with a discussion of the taxonomic treatment of permanently parthenogenetic aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae)". Entomologia Generalis. 16 (2): 97–113. doi:10.1127/entom.gen/16/1991/097.
  29. ^ Chen W, Shakir S, Bigham M, Richter A, Fei Z, Jander G (April 2019). "Genome sequence of the corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch)". GigaScience. 8 (4). doi:10.1093/gigascience/giz033. PMC 6451198. PMID 30953568.   Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

February 16, 2024
rhopalosiphum, maidis, common, names, corn, leaf, aphid, corn, aphid, insect, pest, maize, other, crops, nearly, worldwide, distribution, typically, found, agricultural, fields, grasslands, forest, grassland, zones, among, aphids, that, feed, maize, most, comm. Rhopalosiphum maidis common names corn leaf aphid and corn aphid is an insect and a pest of maize and other crops It has a nearly worldwide distribution and is typically found in agricultural fields grasslands and forest grassland zones Among aphids that feed on maize it is the most commonly encountered and most economically damaging particularly in tropical and warmer temperate areas In addition to maize R maidis damages rice sorghum and other cultivated and wild monocots 2 3 4 Rhopalosiphum maidisScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaClass InsectaOrder HemipteraSuborder SternorrhynchaFamily AphididaeGenus RhopalosiphumSpecies R maidisBinomial nameRhopalosiphum maidis Fitch 1856 1 SynonymsAphis maidis Fitch 1856 Contents 1 Description 2 Agricultural interactions 3 Chemical ecology 4 Genome sequencing 5 Hosts 6 ReferencesDescription editThe bodies of wingless parthenogenetic females are green or whitish green The head antennae legs cornicles tail and transverse bands on the abdomen are black brown The body has sparse short hairs The length of the antennae is less than half the length of the body Cornicles are not longer than the finger like tail In winged females the head and thoracic section are black brown and the cornicles are shorter than in the wingless females 2 Most R maidis populations are anholocyclic i e reproduction occurs entirely by parthenogenesis However sexual reproduction has been reported in Pakistan and Korea with Prunus ssp as the primary host 5 6 In populations in Japan and Kenya males but not sexually reproducing females have been found 7 8 Agricultural interactions editIn winter winged parthenogenetic females and larvae survive on wild growing monocots from which they move to agricultural fields in the spring Fields populate gradually starting from the edges to the center Reproduction is rapid with up to twelve generations per year The aphid population reaches a maximum late in the summer Dense populations of R maidis on maize Zea mays can cause direct damage through the removal of photosynthates 9 Large amounts of honeydew that is deposited by aphid feeding on maize tassels can prevent pollen shed and decrease yield by up to 90 10 11 Several damaging maize viruses including Maize yellow dwarf virus Barley yellow dwarf virus Sugarcane mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus are transmitted by R maidis In addition to feeding on maize R maidis infests a variety of cultivated grasses including wheat barley oat rye sorghum sugarcane and rice 2 3 4 Barley is a particularly suitable host for R maidis 12 though there also is considerable within species variation in resistance 13 Chemical ecology edit nbsp Rhopalosiphum maidis corn leaf aphids on Zea mays maize Under enhanced CO2 conditions the growth rate and reproduction of R maidis on barley were significantly decreased 14 Volatiles of barley grown under enhanced CO2 were also less attractive than those from plants grown under atmospheric CO2 15 Temperature and crowding have differential effects on wing formation in parthenogenetically reproducing R maidis on barley 16 Maize inbred lines vary in their resistance to R maidis and other insect pests 17 Relative to other maize feeding aphids Rhopalosiphum padi Schizaphis graminum Sitobion avenae and Metopolophium dirhodum R maidis exhibits a greater tolerance of benzoxazinoids the most abundant class of maize defensive metabolites 18 Nevertheless lineage specific variation in maize resistance to R maidis was associated with differences in the abundance of 2 4 dihydroxy 7 methoxy l 4 benzoxazin 3 one glucoside DIMBOA Glc an abundant maize benzoxazinoid 19 20 21 Both increased DIMBOA Glc synthesis and reduced conversion to 2 hydroxy 4 7 dimethoxy 1 4 benzoxazin 3 one glucoside HDMBOA Glc can enhance maize seedling resistance to R maidis 19 21 Maize mutations that knock out benzoxazinoid biosynthesis increase R maidis reproduction 21 22 In some instances caterpillar feeding can enhance the conversion of DIMBOA Glc to HDMBOA Glc thereby increasing maize resistance against R maidis 23 The defense signaling molecules 2 oxo phytodienoic acid OPDA and ethylene are involved in regulating maize resistance to R maidis 24 25 In olfactometer experiments R maidis were repelled by volatiles from damaged maize plants 26 One of the major volatiles emitted by damaged maize is the terpene E b farnesene which also functions as an alarm pheromone for aphids and thus may be repellent Mutations of a maize terpene synthase TPS2 made the plants more attractive for R maidis 22 Genome sequencing editThere is within species variation in the chromosome numbers of R maidis with karyotypes of 2n 8 9 and 10 having been reported Whereas R maidis strains on maize tend to have 2n 8 those on barley generally have 2n 10 27 28 To better enable research related to ecological interactions virus transmission pesticide resistance and other aspects of the species biology a high quality genome was assembled from a parthenogenetic R maidis lineage collected from maize 29 The assembled genome is 321 Mb in size and features a total of 17 629 protein coding genes Assembly of the genome was facilitated by the extremely low level of heterozygosity in the sequenced R maidis isolate Hosts editBarley Millets Rice Several Gramineae species Sorghums Sugarcane WheatReferences edit Fauna Europaea a b c Blackman Roger L Eastop Victor Frank 2000 Aphids on the world s crops an identification and information guide 2nd ed Chichester West Sussex England Wiley ISBN 0471851914 OCLC 42290200 a b Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch Maize Aphid Ethiopia ipm info org 2008 05 03 Retrieved 2011 08 29 a b Rhopalosiphum maidis Extento hawaii edu Retrieved 2011 08 29 Lee S Holman J Havelka J 2002 Illustrated Catalogue of Aphididae in the Korean Peninsula Part I Subfamily Aphidinae Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Remaudiere G 1991 Decouverte au Pakistan de l hote primaire de Rhopalosiphum maidis C R Acad Agric Fr 77 61 62 Eastop V F 2009 The Males of Rhopalosiphum Maidis Fitch and a Discussion on the Use of Males in Aphid Taxonomy Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London Series A 29 4 6 84 85 doi 10 1111 j 1365 3032 1954 tb01204 x ISSN 0375 0418 Torikura H 1991 Revisional notes on Japanese Rhopalosiphum with keys to species based on the morphs on the primary host Japanese Journal of Entomology 59 257 273 Bing J W Guthrie W D Dicke F F Obrycki J J 1991 Seedling Stage Feeding by Corn Leaf Aphid Homoptera Aphididae Influence on Plant Development in Maize Journal of Economic Entomology 84 2 625 632 doi 10 1093 jee 84 2 625 ISSN 1938 291X Foott W H Timmins P R 1973 Effects of Infestations by the Corn Leaf Aphid Rhopalosiphum Maidis Homoptera Aphididae on Field Corn in Southwestern Ontario The Canadian Entomologist 105 3 449 458 doi 10 4039 ent105449 3 ISSN 0008 347X S2CID 84422311 Cerena MJ Glogoza P 2004 Resistance of maize to the corn leaf aphid A review Maydica 49 241 254 El Ibrashy M T El Ziady Samira Riad Aida A 1972 Laboratory Studies on the Biology of the Corn Leaf Aphid Rhopalosiphum Maidis homoptera Aphididae Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 15 2 166 174 doi 10 1111 j 1570 7458 1972 tb00192 x ISSN 1570 7458 S2CID 85324421 Gill C C Metcalfe D R 1977 Resistance in barley to the corn leaf aphid rhopalosiphum maidis Canadian Journal of Plant Science 57 4 1063 1070 doi 10 4141 cjps77 158 ISSN 0008 4220 Chen Yu Serteyn Laurent Wang Zhenying He KangLai Francis Frederic 2019 Reduction of Plant Suitability for Corn Leaf Aphid Hemiptera Aphididae Under Elevated Carbon Dioxide Condition Environmental Entomology 48 4 935 944 doi 10 1093 ee nvz045 hdl 2268 237585 ISSN 0046 225X PMID 31116399 S2CID 162171362 Chen Yu Martin Clement Fingu Mabola Junior Corneille Verheggen Francois Wang Zhenying He KangLai Francis Frederic 2019 Effects of Host Plants Reared under Elevated CO2 Concentrations on the Foraging Behavior of Different Stages of Corn Leaf Aphids Rhopalosiphum maidis Insects 10 6 182 doi 10 3390 insects10060182 ISSN 2075 4450 PMC 6628410 PMID 31234573 Chen Yu Verheggen Francois J Sun Dandan Wang Zhenying Francis Frederic He KangLai 2019 Differential wing polyphenism adaptation across life stages under extreme high temperatures in corn leaf aphid Scientific Reports 9 1 8744 Bibcode 2019NatSR 9 8744C doi 10 1038 s41598 019 45045 x ISSN 2045 2322 PMC 6584643 PMID 31217431 Meihls L N Kaur H Jander G 2012 Natural Variation in Maize Defense against Insect Herbivores Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 77 269 283 doi 10 1101 sqb 2012 77 014662 ISSN 0091 7451 PMID 23223408 Caballero Paula P Ramirez Claudio C Niemeyer Hermann M 2001 Specialisation pattern of the aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis is not modified by experience on a novel host Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 100 1 43 52 doi 10 1046 j 1570 7458 2001 00846 x ISSN 1570 7458 S2CID 85808381 a b Meihls L N Handrick V Glauser G Barbier H Kaur H Haribal M M Lipka A E Gershenzon J Buckler E S 2013 Natural Variation in Maize Aphid Resistance Is Associated with 2 4 Dihydroxy 7 Methoxy 1 4 Benzoxazin 3 One Glucoside Methyltransferase Activity The Plant Cell 25 6 2341 2355 doi 10 1105 tpc 113 112409 ISSN 1040 4651 PMC 3723630 PMID 23898034 Mijares Valeria Meihls Lisa Jander Georg Tzin Vered 2013 Near isogenic lines for measuring phenotypic effects of DIMBOA Glc methyltransferase activity in maize Plant Signaling amp Behavior 8 10 e26779 doi 10 4161 psb 26779 ISSN 1559 2324 PMC 4091059 PMID 24494232 a b c Betsiashvili M Ahern K R Jander G 2015 Additive effects of two quantitative trait loci that confer Rhopalosiphum maidis corn leaf aphid resistance in maize inbred line Mo17 Journal of Experimental Botany 66 2 571 578 doi 10 1093 jxb eru379 ISSN 0022 0957 PMC 4286405 PMID 25249072 a b Tzin Vered Fernandez Pozo Noe Richter Annett Schmelz Eric A Schoettner Matthias Schafer Martin Ahern Kevin R Meihls Lisa N Kaur Harleen 2015 Dynamic maize responses to aphid feeding are revealed by a time series of transcriptomic and metabolomic assays Plant Physiology 169 3 1727 43 doi 10 1104 pp 15 01039 ISSN 0032 0889 PMC 4634079 PMID 26378100 Tzin Vered Lindsay Penelope L Christensen Shawn A Meihls Lisa N Blue Levi B Jander Georg 2015 Genetic mapping shows intraspecific variation and transgressive segregation for caterpillar induced aphid resistance in maize Molecular Ecology 24 22 5739 5750 doi 10 1111 mec 13418 PMID 26462033 S2CID 206182798 Varsani Suresh Grover Sajjan Zhou Shaoqun Koch Kyle G Huang Pei Cheng Kolomiets Michael V Williams W Paul Heng Moss Tiffany Sarath Gautam 2019 12 Oxo Phytodienoic Acid Acts as a Regulator of Maize Defense against Corn Leaf Aphid Plant Physiology 179 4 1402 1415 doi 10 1104 pp 18 01472 ISSN 0032 0889 PMC 6446797 PMID 30643012 Louis Joe Basu Saumik Varsani Suresh Castano Duque Lina Jiang Victoria Williams W Paul Felton Gary W Luthe Dawn S 2015 Ethylene Contributes to maize insect resistance1 Mediated Maize Defense against the Phloem Sap Sucking Corn Leaf Aphid Plant Physiology 169 1 313 324 doi 10 1104 pp 15 00958 ISSN 0032 0889 PMC 4577432 PMID 26253737 Bernasconi Marco L Turlings Ted C J Ambrosetti Lara Bassetti Paolo Dorn Silvia 1998 Herbivore induced emissions of maize volatiles repel the corn leaf aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 87 2 133 142 doi 10 1046 j 1570 7458 1998 00315 x ISSN 1570 7458 S2CID 86187075 Blackman R L Brown P A 1988 Karyotype variation in the corn leaf aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch species complex Hemiptera Aphididae in relation to host plant and morphology Bulletin of Entomological Research 78 2 351 363 doi 10 1017 S0007485300013110 ISSN 1475 2670 Blackman RA Brown PA 1991 Morphometric variation within and between populations of Rhopalosiphum maidis with a discussion of the taxonomic treatment of permanently parthenogenetic aphids Homoptera Aphididae Entomologia Generalis 16 2 97 113 doi 10 1127 entom gen 16 1991 097 Chen W Shakir S Bigham M Richter A Fei Z Jander G April 2019 Genome sequence of the corn leaf aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch GigaScience 8 4 doi 10 1093 gigascience giz033 PMC 6451198 PMID 30953568 nbsp Material was copied from this source which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4 0 International License Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rhopalosiphum maidis amp oldid 1195846734, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.