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Conduit Avenue

February 16, 2024

This article is about the section of NY 27 in Queens. For the entire route, see New York State Route 27.

Template:Attached KML/Conduit Avenue
KML is from Wikidata

Conduit Avenue (Conduit Boulevard in Brooklyn) is an arterial road in New York City, the vast majority of which is in Queens. The divided highway runs from Atlantic Avenue in Cypress Hills, Brooklyn to Hook Creek Boulevard in Rosedale, Queens at the Nassau County border. The thoroughfare is named after an aqueduct in its right-of-way.

Conduit Avenue
Conduit Boulevard
North / South Conduit Avenue
Wide median strip at the Brooklyn-Queens border
NamesakeRidgewood Aqueduct
OwnerCity of New York
Maintained byNYSDOT and NYCDOT
Length8.0 mi (12.9 km)[1]
LocationBrooklyn and Queens, New York City
West endAtlantic Avenue in Cypress Hills
Major
junctions		 NY 27 (Linden Boulevard) in Lindenwood
NY 878 / Belt Parkway in South Ozone Park
I-678 in South Ozone Park
JFK Expressway in South Ozone Park
Belt Parkway in Laurelton
East end NY 27 / Hook Creek Boulevard in Rosedale

Conduit Avenue and Conduit Boulevard were conceived in 1921 as part of the Conduit Highway, later the Sunrise Highway, with the original highway opening in 1929. The highway was expanded in 1940 as part of the construction of the Belt Parkway. The Brooklyn section was originally supposed to host Interstate 78 within its median, but this section was ultimately not built.

Etymology edit

Conduit Avenue and Conduit Boulevard are named for the conduit of the Brooklyn Waterworks, which fed Ridgewood Reservoir. The roads were constructed on the former right-of-way of the aqueduct.[2][3] The conduit was known as the Ridgewood Aqueduct.[4]

Route edit

West of Cross Bay Boulevard, Conduit Boulevard has a wide, grassy median strip and runs adjacent to a number of parks with playgrounds. Conduit Boulevard serves as the boundary between the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Cypress Hills and City Line, and the Queens neighborhoods of Ozone Park and Lindenwood.[1] Between the Shore Parkway and the Laurelton Parkway, Conduit Avenue serves as the service road for Southern Parkway. East of Brookville Boulevard, South Conduit Avenue parallels the Montauk Branch of the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) and continues as Sunrise Highway in Valley Stream. At 225th Street, North Conduit Avenue diverges to the north to Hook Creek Boulevard, while the Sunrise Highway merges into the avenue to the south.[1]

Conduit Avenue is designated as New York State Route 27 between Linden Boulevard and the Nassau County border and accommodates car, bus and truck traffic. Westbound vehicles use the roadway named North Conduit Avenue; eastbound vehicles use South Conduit Avenue.[1] At various times the road has been used as a drag strip, particularly in Rosedale.[5]

The western segment of the highway, between Atlantic Avenue and Cross Bay Boulevard, was originally slated to be the eastern part of a planned, but never built, Bushwick Expressway. That highway was proposed to run from the Williamsburg Bridge through Williamsburg, Bushwick and East New York before feeding into the Belt Parkway.[6][7]

Transportation edit

The Q85 runs on the road between Springfield Boulevard and Green Acres Mall. The B15 and BM5 run non-stop along the road and the A train stops near Cohancy Street.

History edit

 
The intersection of Conduit Boulevard and Sutter Avenue, on the Brooklyn side of the Brooklyn-Queens border.

The original Brooklyn Waterworks brick conduit stretched from Long Island to the Ridgewood Pumping Station, now the site of City Line Park, in East New York.[8][9][10] There, the water was pushed via a steam-powered pump north through a "force tube" into the Ridgewood Reservoir;[4][9][11] the route of this tube is now Force Tube Avenue.[12] The reservoir was opened in 1858, and the pumping station in 1886.[4][10] The aqueduct was located on the north side of what is now Conduit Avenue, and was built on a right-of-way that had not been developed at the time.[4] When the City of Brooklyn was consolidated as a borough of New York City in 1898, New York City gained possession of the Brooklyn Waterworks' assets, including the reservoir and its 25-mile (40 km) long aqueduct stretching to Massapequa in Nassau County. At this time, the right-of-way was still largely undeveloped, with the conduits located underground.[8][3] Both Force Tube Avenue and Conduit Avenue were laid out and paved by the 1910s.[13][14]

Plans to construct a highway along the conduit path emerged around 1913.[15][16] In 1921, the New York State Legislature signed a bill to construct a highway along the right-of-way known as Conduit Highway, ending in Amityville. The route included both Conduit Avenue and the Sunrise Highway.[8][3] The original plans called for a grade-separated parkway,[15] but the route was later designed to be 30 feet (9.1 m) to 40 feet (12 m) wide.[6][8][3] The highway was planned to relieve congestion on Merrick Road/Merrick Boulevard.[2] Construction began on the highway in 1924[2] or 1925.[17] In conjunction with the project, what was then Linden Avenue was extended east from Kings Highway to Conduit Boulevard, becoming Linden Boulevard.[18] The highway was referred to by various names including Conduit Boulevard and Pipe Line Boulevard.[2] By 1928, the entire stretch from Brooklyn to Amityville was officially named the Sunrise Highway, following efforts by the Long Island Chamber of Commerce.[2] The label Conduit was deemed "an unattractive one and quite meaningless." The Sunrise Highway name, meanwhile, was reference to the nickname for Long Island, "Land of the Sunrise Trails".[19] The entire highway was opened on June 9, 1929. An inauguration ceremony was held at Liberty Avenue in Brooklyn.[20] In 1931, the city planned to extend Conduit Boulevard north to Jamaica Avenue along Force Tube Avenue, which would require condemning property along the avenue in order to widen it, but this never took place.[21]

 
The Southern Parkway in Springfield Gardens, built along the Conduit corridor.

In the early 1930s, it was proposed to convert the Conduit Boulevard route between Linden Boulevard and Laurelton Boulevard/Brookville Boulevard into a state parkway, with North and South Conduit Avenues created as service roads for the parkway. The purpose of the project was to create express highway links between Brooklyn and Long Island, via Linden Boulevard, Sunrise Highway, and the Southern State Parkway.[17][15][22] The original 1931 plans, known as the Southern State Parkway extension, called for an arterial road adjacent to the existing narrow Sunrise Highway.[23][24] Later plans called for a parkway.[15][22] As early as July 1934, land was acquired via eminent domain to widen Conduit Boulevard and build the new parkway.[6][15][22] The project would become the Southern Parkway section of the Belt Parkway, which would connect to the Belt system's Laurelton Parkway at Brookville Boulevard and feed into the Southern State Parkway.[11][22][25][26][27] In justifying the conversion of the Conduit route into part of the Belt system, NYC Parks commissioner Robert Moses cited the "approximately 10,000,000 cars" traveling the route on an annual basis, and the need for a highway link between Brooklyn and Long Island to create "the ultimate circumferential boulevard."[28]

North and South Conduit Avenue were constructed as service roads along with the Southern Parkway.[22] Shortly after the opening of the Belt Parkway system in 1940,[29] Conduit Boulevard west of the parkway was expanded into a six-lane highway, with the right-of-way widened to create the grassy median. The project was undertaken in conjunction with the widening of Atlantic Avenue and grade separation of the LIRR Atlantic Branch.[30][31]

 
The median of Conduit Avenue (pictured) would have been used for the Bushwick Expressway.

Around 1954, officials proposed constructing the Bushwick Expressway as part of I-78, between Williamsburg Bridge and the Nassau Expressway (NY 878).[32] The expressway would have utilized Broadway, Bushwick Avenue, and the Conduit Boulevard/Avenue corridor within Brooklyn.[33][34] The widened median of Conduit Boulevard would have facilitated the expressway.[7] An alternate routing proposed in the 1960s by the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority (TBTA) would have traveled slightly farther north, connecting to the Long Island Expressway (I-495) in western Queens.[35][36][37] The Bushwick Expressway was opposed due to the necessary destruction of residences and businesses in Brooklyn in Queens;[38] the TBTA estimated that nearly 4,000 families would be displaced by the expressway.[36] The Bushwick Expressway plan was later truncated[37][39][40] and later dropped entirely in 1969.[37][41][42] Governor Nelson Rockefeller eliminated the expressway from the state's construction plans in March 1971.[43]

In 2000, NYC Parks published a report in which it proposed constructing a bikeway and horse trail within the large grassy median of Conduit Boulevard. The trails would be part of a greenway along the southern and eastern edges of Queens, running from East New York, Brooklyn, along the Laurelton Parkway and Cross Island Parkway to Bayside, Queens.[44] The greenway itself had been proposed in the 1990s. However, as of 2017, the full greenway had not been constructed due to disagreements within the Howard Beach community.[7]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d Google (January 9, 2017). "Conduit Avenue" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved January 9, 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d e "SUNRISE HIGHWAY LONG ISLAND BOON; Provides Traffic and Realty Benefits for Queens and Nassau Counties". The New York Times. April 29, 1928. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d "New Long Island Highway" (PDF). The New York Times. July 17, 1921. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
  4. ^ a b c d Nassau Expressway Construction, New York City: Environmental Impact Statement. United States Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration, New York State Department of Transportation. 1981. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
  5. ^ Herszenhorn, David M. (August 28, 1995). "Officers Arrest 18 and Seize Cars in Drag Racing Sting Operation in Queens". The New York Times. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
  6. ^ a b c Marzlock, Ron (September 17, 2015). "Where the narrow old Conduit met Cross Bay Blvd". Queens Chronicle. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  7. ^ a b c Rafter, Domenick (March 27, 2014). "Howard Beach unsure about greenway plan". Queens Chronicle. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  8. ^ a b c d "Bringing the Center of Long Island an Hour Closer to New York: New Proposed Conduit Highway on City-Owned Property Would Relieve Congestion on South Shore Roads". Motor Travel. Automobile Club of America. 13 (1). April 1921. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  9. ^ a b Edwin G. Burrows; Mike Wallace (November 19, 1998). Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. Oxford University Press. p. 837. ISBN 978-0-19-972910-4. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  10. ^ a b "City Line Park: History". New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  11. ^ a b Kadinsky, Sergey (2016). Hidden Waters of New York City: A History and Guide to 101 Forgotten Lakes, Ponds, Creeks, and Streams in the Five Boroughs. New York, NY: Countryman Press. p. 201. ISBN 978-1-58157-566-8.
  12. ^ Boland, Ed Jr. (July 21, 2002). "F.Y.I.". The New York Times. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  13. ^ "Changing the Map or Plan of the City of New York by Laying Out Force Tube Avenue, From Jamaica Avenue to Dinsmore Place, Borough of Brooklyn". Minutes of the Board of Estimate and Apportionment of the City of New York. New York City Board of Estimate, M.B. Brown Printing & Binding Company: 2957. November 9, 1911. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  14. ^ "Local Improvements". Proceedings of the Board of Estimate and Apportionment of the City of New York. New York City Board of Estimate. 4: 3359–3360. June 9, 1916. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  15. ^ a b c d e "Plans Ready for Extension of Highway: Sunrise Development Will Be Considered on July 30". Long Island Daily Press. July 21, 1934. p. 7. Retrieved March 3, 2017 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  16. ^ "New Map Adopted: Marks Important Step in Queens Borough Development". The New York Times. June 1, 1913. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  17. ^ a b "5 New Factors Seen Boosting Sunrise Hwy: Increased Utility for Artery Predicted After Improvements". Long Island Daily Press. May 22, 1932. p. 24. Retrieved March 3, 2017 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  18. ^ Wilhem, Carl (November 2, 1924). "City Can Start on Conduit Boulevard in a Week, Says Riegelmann; $2,000,000 Linden Boulevard Link Awaits Shovels; Nassau Cash Ready, but City Holds Back". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. p. C1. Retrieved February 27, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  19. ^ "Dobson Asks Civics Aid on Proposal". Long Island Daily Press. March 10, 1928. Retrieved March 3, 2017 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  20. ^ "LONG ISLAND OPENS SUNRISE HIGHWAY; 300 Motors Parade 26 Miles From Brooklyn to Amityville in Celebration". The New York Times. June 9, 1929. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  21. ^ "Protests Local Levy Plan for Sunrise Link: Taxpayers Object to Full Condemnation Cost on Force Tube Avenue". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. March 3, 1931. p. 19. Retrieved February 28, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  22. ^ a b c d e "Final Plans Drafted for New Parkway: Sunrise Highway Improvement to Take Several Years". Long Island Daily Press. January 25, 1937. p. 5. Retrieved March 3, 2017 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  23. ^ "Two Road Plans Are Approved: State and City Would Join in Long Island Scheme". The Sun (New York). September 17, 1931. p. 12. Retrieved March 3, 2017 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  24. ^ "URGES EXTENSION OF 2 QUEENS DRIVES". The New York Times. September 16, 1931. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
  25. ^ "Work is Started on Parkway Span". The Nassau Daily Review. April 29, 1935. Retrieved March 3, 2017 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  26. ^ Ritchie, George (December 7, 1937). "Moses Plans Parkways Into Heart of City; Proposal Would Link Up Huge Westchester and Long Island Systems". The Sun (New York). pp. 1, 17. Retrieved March 3, 2017 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  27. ^ Ritchie, George (December 7, 1937). "Moses Plans Parkways Into Heart of City; Proposal Would Link Up Huge Westchester and Long Island Systems". The Sun (New York). pp. 1, 17. Retrieved March 3, 2017 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  28. ^ "Traffic Arteries to Cost $7,880,000". The New York Times. February 19, 1938. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
  29. ^ "Belt Road To Open to Traffic Today". The New York Times. June 29, 1940. p. 12.
  30. ^ "MOSES ASKS FUNDS FOR BELT ROAD LINK; Will Submit to Mayor Today Plan for Widening Conduit Blvd. at $2,200,000". The New York Times. June 16, 1941. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  31. ^ "2 Million Sought By Moses For Highway Link: Would Widen Conduit Blvd.-Atlantic Ave. Project Ready in 1942" (PDF). Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 16, 1941. p. 20. Retrieved February 27, 2017 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  32. ^ Grutzner, Charles (October 7, 1954). "UPER UNIT URGED FOR CITY SERVICES". The New York Times. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  33. ^ New York City (Map). Rand McNally and Company. 1960. Retrieved April 15, 2010. Note that I-95 is shown on the Hutchinson River Parkway north of the Bruckner Interchange, but the 1955 "Yellow Book" map shows the route on the Bruckner Expressway.
  34. ^ "Expressway Plans". Regional Plan News. Regional Plan Association (73–74): 1–18. May 1964. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  35. ^ "Moses Urges 3d Queens Tunnel, With Condition: Asserts It Would Be Useless Without City Approval of 2 Expressway Links". The New York Times. June 10, 1963. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  36. ^ a b Kessler, Felix (June 18, 1963). "Dream Road Links Nothing" (PDF). Brooklyn World-Telegram. p. B1. Retrieved February 27, 2017 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  37. ^ a b c (PDF). nyc.gov. New York City Department of City Planning. November 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 6, 2010. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  38. ^ "Some Good News..." (PDF). New York Recorder. Fultonhistory.com. July 9, 1966. p. 5. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  39. ^ "Less Driving Into Manhattan". The New York Times. September 15, 1966. p. 42. Retrieved April 14, 2010.
  40. ^ Clarity, James F. (April 26, 1967). "U.S. Aid Is Quietly Pledged For Cross Brooklyn Expressway". The New York Times. p. 35. Retrieved April 14, 2010.
  41. ^ Carroll, Maurice (July 17, 1969). "Mayor Drops Plans For Express Roads Across 2 Boroughs". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved April 14, 2010.
  42. ^ Roberts, Sam (October 7, 1985). "The Legacy of Westway: Lessons from Its Demise". The New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved April 14, 2010.
  43. ^ Cliness, Francis X. (March 25, 1971). "Lower Manhattan Road Killed Under State Plan". The New York Times. p. 78. Retrieved April 14, 2010.
  44. ^ "Greenway Master Plan: Conduit-Southern Queens-Laurelton-Cross Island" (PDF). New York City Department of City Planning, New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. July 2000. pp. 2, 6. Retrieved February 27, 2017.

External links edit

    February 16, 2024
    conduit, avenue, this, article, about, section, queens, entire, route, york, state, route, template, attached, from, wikidata, conduit, boulevard, brooklyn, arterial, road, york, city, vast, majority, which, queens, divided, highway, runs, from, atlantic, aven. This article is about the section of NY 27 in Queens For the entire route see New York State Route 27 Template Attached KML Conduit AvenueKML is from Wikidata Conduit Avenue Conduit Boulevard in Brooklyn is an arterial road in New York City the vast majority of which is in Queens The divided highway runs from Atlantic Avenue in Cypress Hills Brooklyn to Hook Creek Boulevard in Rosedale Queens at the Nassau County border The thoroughfare is named after an aqueduct in its right of way Conduit AvenueConduit BoulevardNorth South Conduit AvenueWide median strip at the Brooklyn Queens borderNamesakeRidgewood AqueductOwnerCity of New YorkMaintained byNYSDOT and NYCDOTLength8 0 mi 12 9 km 1 LocationBrooklyn and Queens New York CityWest endAtlantic Avenue in Cypress HillsMajorjunctionsNY 27 Linden Boulevard in Lindenwood NY 878 Belt Parkway in South Ozone Park I 678 in South Ozone ParkJFK Expressway in South Ozone Park Belt Parkway in LaureltonEast endNY 27 Hook Creek Boulevard in RosedaleConduit Avenue and Conduit Boulevard were conceived in 1921 as part of the Conduit Highway later the Sunrise Highway with the original highway opening in 1929 The highway was expanded in 1940 as part of the construction of the Belt Parkway The Brooklyn section was originally supposed to host Interstate 78 within its median but this section was ultimately not built Contents 1 Etymology 2 Route 3 Transportation 4 History 5 References 6 External linksEtymology editConduit Avenue and Conduit Boulevard are named for the conduit of the Brooklyn Waterworks which fed Ridgewood Reservoir The roads were constructed on the former right of way of the aqueduct 2 3 The conduit was known as the Ridgewood Aqueduct 4 Route editWest of Cross Bay Boulevard Conduit Boulevard has a wide grassy median strip and runs adjacent to a number of parks with playgrounds Conduit Boulevard serves as the boundary between the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Cypress Hills and City Line and the Queens neighborhoods of Ozone Park and Lindenwood 1 Between the Shore Parkway and the Laurelton Parkway Conduit Avenue serves as the service road for Southern Parkway East of Brookville Boulevard South Conduit Avenue parallels the Montauk Branch of the Long Island Rail Road LIRR and continues as Sunrise Highway in Valley Stream At 225th Street North Conduit Avenue diverges to the north to Hook Creek Boulevard while the Sunrise Highway merges into the avenue to the south 1 Conduit Avenue is designated as New York State Route 27 between Linden Boulevard and the Nassau County border and accommodates car bus and truck traffic Westbound vehicles use the roadway named North Conduit Avenue eastbound vehicles use South Conduit Avenue 1 At various times the road has been used as a drag strip particularly in Rosedale 5 The western segment of the highway between Atlantic Avenue and Cross Bay Boulevard was originally slated to be the eastern part of a planned but never built Bushwick Expressway That highway was proposed to run from the Williamsburg Bridge through Williamsburg Bushwick and East New York before feeding into the Belt Parkway 6 7 Transportation editThe Q85 runs on the road between Springfield Boulevard and Green Acres Mall The B15 and BM5 run non stop along the road and the A train stops near Cohancy Street History edit nbsp The intersection of Conduit Boulevard and Sutter Avenue on the Brooklyn side of the Brooklyn Queens border The original Brooklyn Waterworks brick conduit stretched from Long Island to the Ridgewood Pumping Station now the site of City Line Park in East New York 8 9 10 There the water was pushed via a steam powered pump north through a force tube into the Ridgewood Reservoir 4 9 11 the route of this tube is now Force Tube Avenue 12 The reservoir was opened in 1858 and the pumping station in 1886 4 10 The aqueduct was located on the north side of what is now Conduit Avenue and was built on a right of way that had not been developed at the time 4 When the City of Brooklyn was consolidated as a borough of New York City in 1898 New York City gained possession of the Brooklyn Waterworks assets including the reservoir and its 25 mile 40 km long aqueduct stretching to Massapequa in Nassau County At this time the right of way was still largely undeveloped with the conduits located underground 8 3 Both Force Tube Avenue and Conduit Avenue were laid out and paved by the 1910s 13 14 Plans to construct a highway along the conduit path emerged around 1913 15 16 In 1921 the New York State Legislature signed a bill to construct a highway along the right of way known as Conduit Highway ending in Amityville The route included both Conduit Avenue and the Sunrise Highway 8 3 The original plans called for a grade separated parkway 15 but the route was later designed to be 30 feet 9 1 m to 40 feet 12 m wide 6 8 3 The highway was planned to relieve congestion on Merrick Road Merrick Boulevard 2 Construction began on the highway in 1924 2 or 1925 17 In conjunction with the project what was then Linden Avenue was extended east from Kings Highway to Conduit Boulevard becoming Linden Boulevard 18 The highway was referred to by various names including Conduit Boulevard and Pipe Line Boulevard 2 By 1928 the entire stretch from Brooklyn to Amityville was officially named the Sunrise Highway following efforts by the Long Island Chamber of Commerce 2 The label Conduit was deemed an unattractive one and quite meaningless The Sunrise Highway name meanwhile was reference to the nickname for Long Island Land of the Sunrise Trails 19 The entire highway was opened on June 9 1929 An inauguration ceremony was held at Liberty Avenue in Brooklyn 20 In 1931 the city planned to extend Conduit Boulevard north to Jamaica Avenue along Force Tube Avenue which would require condemning property along the avenue in order to widen it but this never took place 21 nbsp The Southern Parkway in Springfield Gardens built along the Conduit corridor In the early 1930s it was proposed to convert the Conduit Boulevard route between Linden Boulevard and Laurelton Boulevard Brookville Boulevard into a state parkway with North and South Conduit Avenues created as service roads for the parkway The purpose of the project was to create express highway links between Brooklyn and Long Island via Linden Boulevard Sunrise Highway and the Southern State Parkway 17 15 22 The original 1931 plans known as the Southern State Parkway extension called for an arterial road adjacent to the existing narrow Sunrise Highway 23 24 Later plans called for a parkway 15 22 As early as July 1934 land was acquired via eminent domain to widen Conduit Boulevard and build the new parkway 6 15 22 The project would become the Southern Parkway section of the Belt Parkway which would connect to the Belt system s Laurelton Parkway at Brookville Boulevard and feed into the Southern State Parkway 11 22 25 26 27 In justifying the conversion of the Conduit route into part of the Belt system NYC Parks commissioner Robert Moses cited the approximately 10 000 000 cars traveling the route on an annual basis and the need for a highway link between Brooklyn and Long Island to create the ultimate circumferential boulevard 28 North and South Conduit Avenue were constructed as service roads along with the Southern Parkway 22 Shortly after the opening of the Belt Parkway system in 1940 29 Conduit Boulevard west of the parkway was expanded into a six lane highway with the right of way widened to create the grassy median The project was undertaken in conjunction with the widening of Atlantic Avenue and grade separation of the LIRR Atlantic Branch 30 31 nbsp The median of Conduit Avenue pictured would have been used for the Bushwick Expressway Around 1954 officials proposed constructing the Bushwick Expressway as part of I 78 between Williamsburg Bridge and the Nassau Expressway NY 878 32 The expressway would have utilized Broadway Bushwick Avenue and the Conduit Boulevard Avenue corridor within Brooklyn 33 34 The widened median of Conduit Boulevard would have facilitated the expressway 7 An alternate routing proposed in the 1960s by the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority TBTA would have traveled slightly farther north connecting to the Long Island Expressway I 495 in western Queens 35 36 37 The Bushwick Expressway was opposed due to the necessary destruction of residences and businesses in Brooklyn in Queens 38 the TBTA estimated that nearly 4 000 families would be displaced by the expressway 36 The Bushwick Expressway plan was later truncated 37 39 40 and later dropped entirely in 1969 37 41 42 Governor Nelson Rockefeller eliminated the expressway from the state s construction plans in March 1971 43 In 2000 NYC Parks published a report in which it proposed constructing a bikeway and horse trail within the large grassy median of Conduit Boulevard The trails would be part of a greenway along the southern and eastern edges of Queens running from East New York Brooklyn along the Laurelton Parkway and Cross Island Parkway to Bayside Queens 44 The greenway itself had been proposed in the 1990s However as of 2017 update the full greenway had not been constructed due to disagreements within the Howard Beach community 7 References edit a b c d Google January 9 2017 Conduit Avenue Map Google Maps Google Retrieved January 9 2017 a b c d e SUNRISE HIGHWAY LONG ISLAND BOON Provides Traffic and Realty Benefits for Queens and Nassau Counties The New York Times April 29 1928 Retrieved February 27 2017 a b c d New Long Island Highway PDF The New York Times July 17 1921 Retrieved October 11 2009 a b c d Nassau Expressway Construction New York City Environmental Impact Statement United States Department of Transportation Federal Transit Administration New York State Department of Transportation 1981 Retrieved February 28 2017 Herszenhorn David M August 28 1995 Officers Arrest 18 and Seize Cars in Drag Racing Sting Operation in Queens The New York Times Retrieved October 11 2009 a b c Marzlock Ron September 17 2015 Where the narrow old Conduit met Cross Bay Blvd Queens Chronicle Retrieved February 27 2017 a b c Rafter Domenick March 27 2014 Howard Beach unsure about greenway plan Queens Chronicle Retrieved February 27 2017 a b c d Bringing the Center of Long Island an Hour Closer to New York New Proposed Conduit Highway on City Owned Property Would Relieve Congestion on South Shore Roads Motor Travel Automobile Club of America 13 1 April 1921 Retrieved February 27 2017 a b Edwin G Burrows Mike Wallace November 19 1998 Gotham A History of New York City to 1898 Oxford University Press p 837 ISBN 978 0 19 972910 4 Retrieved February 27 2017 a b City Line Park History New York City Department of Parks and Recreation Retrieved February 27 2017 a b Kadinsky Sergey 2016 Hidden Waters of New York City A History and Guide to 101 Forgotten Lakes Ponds Creeks and Streams in the Five Boroughs New York NY Countryman Press p 201 ISBN 978 1 58157 566 8 Boland Ed Jr July 21 2002 F Y I The New York Times Retrieved February 27 2017 Changing the Map or Plan of the City of New York by Laying Out Force Tube Avenue From Jamaica Avenue to Dinsmore Place Borough of Brooklyn Minutes of the Board of Estimate and Apportionment of the City of New York New York City Board of Estimate M B Brown Printing amp Binding Company 2957 November 9 1911 Retrieved February 27 2017 Local Improvements Proceedings of the Board of Estimate and Apportionment of the City of New York New York City Board of Estimate 4 3359 3360 June 9 1916 Retrieved February 27 2017 a b c d e Plans Ready for Extension of Highway Sunrise Development Will Be Considered on July 30 Long Island Daily Press July 21 1934 p 7 Retrieved March 3 2017 via Fultonhistory com New Map Adopted Marks Important Step in Queens Borough Development The New York Times June 1 1913 Retrieved March 10 2017 a b 5 New Factors Seen Boosting Sunrise Hwy Increased Utility for Artery Predicted After Improvements Long Island Daily Press May 22 1932 p 24 Retrieved March 3 2017 via Fultonhistory com Wilhem Carl November 2 1924 City Can Start on Conduit Boulevard in a Week Says Riegelmann 2 000 000 Linden Boulevard Link Awaits Shovels Nassau Cash Ready but City Holds Back Brooklyn Daily Eagle p C1 Retrieved February 27 2017 via Newspapers com Dobson Asks Civics Aid on Proposal Long Island Daily Press March 10 1928 Retrieved March 3 2017 via Fultonhistory com LONG ISLAND OPENS SUNRISE HIGHWAY 300 Motors Parade 26 Miles From Brooklyn to Amityville in Celebration The New York Times June 9 1929 Retrieved February 27 2017 Protests Local Levy Plan for Sunrise Link Taxpayers Object to Full Condemnation Cost on Force Tube Avenue Brooklyn Daily Eagle March 3 1931 p 19 Retrieved February 28 2017 via Newspapers com a b c d e Final Plans Drafted for New Parkway Sunrise Highway Improvement to Take Several Years Long Island Daily Press January 25 1937 p 5 Retrieved March 3 2017 via Fultonhistory com Two Road Plans Are Approved State and City Would Join in Long Island Scheme The Sun New York September 17 1931 p 12 Retrieved March 3 2017 via Fultonhistory com URGES EXTENSION OF 2 QUEENS DRIVES The New York Times September 16 1931 Retrieved March 3 2017 Work is Started on Parkway Span The Nassau Daily Review April 29 1935 Retrieved March 3 2017 via Fultonhistory com Ritchie George December 7 1937 Moses Plans Parkways Into Heart of City Proposal Would Link Up Huge Westchester and Long Island Systems The Sun New York pp 1 17 Retrieved March 3 2017 via Fultonhistory com Ritchie George December 7 1937 Moses Plans Parkways Into Heart of City Proposal Would Link Up Huge Westchester and Long Island Systems The Sun New York pp 1 17 Retrieved March 3 2017 via Fultonhistory com Traffic Arteries to Cost 7 880 000 The New York Times February 19 1938 Retrieved March 3 2017 Belt Road To Open to Traffic Today The New York Times June 29 1940 p 12 MOSES ASKS FUNDS FOR BELT ROAD LINK Will Submit to Mayor Today Plan for Widening Conduit Blvd at 2 200 000 The New York Times June 16 1941 Retrieved February 27 2017 2 Million Sought By Moses For Highway Link Would Widen Conduit Blvd Atlantic Ave Project Ready in 1942 PDF Brooklyn Daily Eagle June 16 1941 p 20 Retrieved February 27 2017 via Fultonhistory com Grutzner Charles October 7 1954 UPER UNIT URGED FOR CITY SERVICES The New York Times Retrieved February 27 2017 New York City Map Rand McNally and Company 1960 Retrieved April 15 2010 Note that I 95 is shown on the Hutchinson River Parkway north of the Bruckner Interchange but the 1955 Yellow Book map shows the route on the Bruckner Expressway Expressway Plans Regional Plan News Regional Plan Association 73 74 1 18 May 1964 Retrieved February 27 2017 Moses Urges 3d Queens Tunnel With Condition Asserts It Would Be Useless Without City Approval of 2 Expressway Links The New York Times June 10 1963 Retrieved February 27 2017 a b Kessler Felix June 18 1963 Dream Road Links Nothing PDF Brooklyn World Telegram p B1 Retrieved February 27 2017 via Fultonhistory com a b c Broadway Junction Transportation Study NYC Department of City Planning Final Report November 2008 PDF nyc gov New York City Department of City Planning November 2008 Archived from the original PDF on June 6 2010 Retrieved October 27 2015 Some Good News PDF New York Recorder Fultonhistory com July 9 1966 p 5 Retrieved February 27 2017 Less Driving Into Manhattan The New York Times September 15 1966 p 42 Retrieved April 14 2010 Clarity James F April 26 1967 U S Aid Is Quietly Pledged For Cross Brooklyn Expressway The New York Times p 35 Retrieved April 14 2010 Carroll Maurice July 17 1969 Mayor Drops Plans For Express Roads Across 2 Boroughs The New York Times p 1 Retrieved April 14 2010 Roberts Sam October 7 1985 The Legacy of Westway Lessons from Its Demise The New York Times p A1 Retrieved April 14 2010 Cliness Francis X March 25 1971 Lower Manhattan Road Killed Under State Plan The New York Times p 78 Retrieved April 14 2010 Greenway Master Plan Conduit Southern Queens Laurelton Cross Island PDF New York City Department of City Planning New York City Department of Parks and Recreation July 2000 pp 2 6 Retrieved February 27 2017 External links editRoad s place in Greenway Master Plan New York City Department of Transportation Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Conduit Avenue amp oldid 1182869556, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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