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Comparison of orbital launch systems

January 01, 1970

This article lists all active and upcoming orbital launch systems. For retired launch vehicles, see Comparison of retired orbital launch systems.

Falcon 9 Block 5, the most prolific active orbital launch system in the world.

This comparison of orbital launch systems lists the attributes of all current and future individual rocket configurations designed to reach orbit. A first list contains rockets that are operational or have attempted an orbital flight attempt as of 2024; a second list includes all upcoming rockets. For the simple list of all conventional launcher families, see: Comparison of orbital launchers families. For the list of predominantly solid-fueled orbital launch systems, see: Comparison of solid-fueled orbital launch systems.

Spacecraft propulsion[note 1] is any method used to accelerate spacecraft and artificial satellites. Orbital launch systems are rockets and other systems capable of placing payloads into or beyond Earth orbit. All launch vehicle propulsion systems employed to date have been chemical rockets falling into one of three main categories:

  • Solid-propellant rockets or solid-fuel rockets have a motor that uses solid propellants, typically a mix of powdered fuel and oxidizer held together by a polymer binder and molded into the shape of a hollow cylinder. The cylinder is ignited from the inside and burns radially outward, with the resulting expanding gases and aerosols escaping out via the nozzle.[note 2]
  • Liquid-propellant rockets have a motor that feeds liquid propellant(s) into a combustion chamber. Most liquid engines use a bipropellant, consisting of two liquid propellants (fuel and oxidizer) which are stored and handled separately before being mixed and burned inside the combustion chamber.
  • Hybrid-propellant rockets use a combination of solid and liquid propellant, typically involving a liquid oxidizer being pumped through a hollow cylinder of solid fuel.

All current spacecraft use conventional chemical rockets (solid-fuel or liquid bipropellant) for launch, though some[note 3] have used air-breathing engines on their first stage.[note 4]

Current rockets edit

Orbits legend:

Vehicle Origin Manufacturer Height Maximum payload mass
(kg) 		Reusable / Expendable Orbital
launches
including
failures[a] 		Launch site(s) Dates of flight
LEO GTO Other First Latest
Angara A5 / Briz-M   Russia Khrunichev 48 m 24,500[1] 5,400[2] N/A Expendable 2[1] 2014 2020
Angara A5 / Block DM-03   Russia Khrunichev 54.9 m N/A TBA N/A Expendable 2[1] 2021 2024
Angara 1.2   Russia Khrunichev 42.7 m 3,500[2] N/A 2,400 to SSO[3] Expendable 2[4] 2022 2022
Atlas V 551   United States ULA 58.3 m 18,850[5] 8,900[5] 13,550 to SSO[6]
3,850 to GEO[5] 		Expendable 14 2006 2023
Atlas V N22[b]   United States ULA 52.4 m 13,000[8] N/A N/A Expendable 2[8] 2019[9] 2022
Ceres-1 (3)[c]   China Galactic Energy 20 m 400[11] N/A 300 to SSO[11] Expendable 8[12] 2022 2023
Ceres-1S[d]   China Galactic Energy 20 m ~ 400[11] N/A ~ 300 to SSO[11] Expendable 1[12]
  •   DeFu 15002 platform
 2023 2023
Chollima-1   North Korea NADA > 38 m > 300[13] N/A N/A Expendable 3[14] 2023 2023
Electron   United States
  New Zealand 		Rocket Lab 18 m 300[15] N/A 200 to SSO[15] Partially reusable 46[16] 2017 2024
Epsilon   Japan IHI[17] 24.4 m 1,500[18] N/A 590 to SSO[18] Expendable 6[18] 2013 2022
Falcon 9 Block 5   United States SpaceX 70 m 17,500[19] 5,500[20] N/A Partially reusable 275[20] 2018 2024
22,800[20] 8,300[20] 4,020 to TMI[20] Expendable
Falcon Heavy[21]   United States SpaceX 70 m 30,000[22] 8,000[23] N/A Partially reusable 9[23] 2018 2023
63,800[23] 26,700[23] 16,800 to TMI[23] Expendable
Firefly Alpha   United States Firefly Aerospace 29 m 1,030[24] N/A 630 to SSO[24] Expendable 4[25] 2021 2023
Gravity-1   China Orienspace 31.4 m 6,500[26] N/A 4,200 to SSO[26] Expendable 1[26]
  •   DeFu 15002 Launch Platform
 2024 2024
GSLV Mk II   India ISRO 49.1 m 6,000[27] 2,250[27] N/A Expendable 10[28] 2010 2024
H-IIA 202   Japan Mitsubishi 53 m 8,000[29] 4,000[29] 5,100 to SSO[e] Expendable 33[30] 2001 2023
H3-22S   Japan Mitsubishi 57 m N/A[31] 3,500 N/A Expendable 2[32] 2023 2024
Hyperbola-1 (2)[f]   China i-Space 22.5 m 300[34] N/A 300 to SSO[34] Expendable 5[34] 2021 2023
Jielong 1[35]   China CALT 19.5 m N/A N/A 200 to SSO[36] Expendable 1[35] 2019 2019
Jielong 3   China CALT 31.8 m N/A N/A 1,500 (500 km SSO)[37] Expendable 3[37]
  •   Tai Rui Launch Platform
  •   Bo Run Jiu Zhou Launch Platform
 2022 2024
KAIROS   Japan Space One 18 m 250 N/A 150 to SSO[38] Expendable 1 2024 2024
Kinetica 1   China CAS Space 30 m 2,000[39] N/A 1,500[39] (500 km SSO) Expendable 3[39] 2022 2024
Kuaizhou 1A   China ExPace 19.8 m 400[40] N/A 250 to SSO Expendable 28[40] 2013[g] 2024
Kuaizhou 11   China ExPace 25.3 m 1,500[42] N/A 1,000 to SSO[42] Expendable 2[43] 2020 2022
Long March 2C   China CALT 38.8 m[44] 3,850
[45] 		N/A 2,100 to SSO Expendable 69 1982 2024
Long March 2C / YZ-1S   China CALT 38.8 m[44] TBA N/A 2,500 to SSO Expendable 8 2018 2024
Long March 2D   China SAST 41.1 m 4,000[46] N/A 1,300 to SSO[47] Expendable 89[48] 1992 2024
Long March 2D / YZ-3   China SAST 41.1 m TBA N/A 2,000 to SSO Expendable 3 2018 2024
Long March 2F   China CALT 62 m 8,400[49] N/A N/A Expendable 23[48] 1999 2024
Long March 3A   China CALT 52.5 m 6,000[50] 2,600[50] 5,000 to SSO
1,420 to TLI[50] 		Expendable 27[50] 1994 2018
Long March 3B/E   China CALT 56.3 m 11,500[50] 5,500[50] 6,900 to SSO
3,500 to TLI[50] 		Expendable 82[50] 2007 2024
Long March 3B/E / YZ-1   China CALT 56.3 m N/A N/A 2,200 to MEO Expendable 14 2015 2023
Long March 3C   China CALT 54.8 m 9,100[50] 3,800[50] 6,500 to SSO
2,300 to TLI[50] 		Expendable 18[50] 2008 2021
Long March 4B   China SAST 44.1 m 4,200[51] 1,500[51] 2,800 to SSO[51] Expendable 48[51] 1999 2023
Long March 4C   China SAST 45.8 m 4,200[52] 1,500[52] 2,800 to SSO[52] Expendable 53[52] 2006 2023
Long March 5   China CALT 56.9 m 25,000[53] 14,000 [53] 15,000 to SSO[54]
4,500 to GEO[54]
8,200 to TLI[55]
6,000 to TMI[55] 		Expendable 8[54] 2016 2024
Long March 5B   China CALT 56.9 m 25,000[54] N/A N/A Expendable 4[54] 2020[56] 2022
Long March 6   China SAST 29 m 1,500[57] N/A 1,080 to SSO[57] Expendable 11[57] 2015 2023
Long March 6A   China SAST 50 m 8,000[58] N/A 4,500 to SSO[59] Expendable 5[60] 2022 2024
Long March 6C   China CALT 43 m 4,500 N/A N/A Expendable 1[61] 2024 2024
Long March 7   China CALT 53.1 m 14,000[62] 7,000 5,500 to SSO[62] Expendable 8[63] 2016[64] 2024
Long March 7A   China CALT 60.13 m N/A 7,000[56] 5,000 to TLI Expendable 6[63] 2020 2023
Long March 8 822[65]   China CALT 50.34 m 8,400 2,800[66] 5,000 to SSO[66]
1,500 to TLI 		Expendable 2[67] 2020 2024
Long March 8 820[68]   China CALT 48 m 4,500 N/A 3,000 to SSO Expendable 1[67] 2022 2022
Long March 11   China CALT 20.8 m 700[69] N/A 350 to SSO[69] Expendable 17[69]
  •   JSLC,
  •   XSLC,
  •   Tai Rui Launch Platform
  •   De Bo 3 Launch Platform
  •   DeFu 15002 Launch Platform
  •   Bo Run Jiu Zhou Launch Platform
 2015 2023
LVM 3   India ISRO 43.4 m 10,000[70] 4,000[70] 3,000 to TLI Expendable 6[71] 2017[h] 2023
Minotaur-C[73]   United States Northrop Grumman 27.9 m 1,458[74] 445[74] 1,054 to SSO[i][74] Expendable 1[74] 2017 2017
Minotaur I   United States Northrop Grumman 19.2 m 580[75] N/A N/A Expendable 12[76] 2000 2021
Minotaur IV   United States Northrop Grumman 23.9 m 1,730[75] N/A N/A Expendable 5[77][j] 2010 2020
Minotaur V   United States Northrop Grumman 24.6 m N/A 678[77] 465 to HCO[77] Expendable 1[77] 2013 2013
Nuri (KSLV-II)   South Korea KARI 47.2 m 3,300[78] N/A 1,900 to SSO[78] Expendable 3[79] 2021 2023
Pegasus XL   United States Northrop Grumman 16.9 m 454[80] N/A N/A Expendable 35[81] 1994 2021
Proton-M   Russia Khrunichev 58.2 m 23,000[82] 6,150  [83] 3,300 to GEO[83] Expendable 115[84][85][83] 2001 2023
PSLV-CA   India ISRO 44.4 m 2,100[86] N/A 1,100 to SSO[86] Expendable 17[87][86] 2007 2023
PSLV-DL   India ISRO 44.4 m N/A N/A 750 to polar Expendable 4[88] 2019 2024
PSLV-QL   India ISRO 44.4 m N/A N/A N/A Expendable 2[89] 2019 2019
PSLV-XL   India ISRO 44.4 m 3,800[90] 1,300[90] 1,750 to SSO[90]
550 to TMI[91] 		Expendable 25[90] 2008 2023
Qaem 100   Iran IRGC 15.5 m 80[92] N/A N/A Expendable 2[k] 2023 2024
Qased   Iran IRGC 18.8 m 40[93] N/A N/A Expendable 3[93] 2020 2023
Shavit-2   Israel IAI 22.1 m 400 in Retrograde[94] N/A N/A Expendable 6[95] 2007 2023
Simorgh   Iran Iranian Space Agency 26 m 250[96] N/A N/A Expendable 7[97][96][l] 2017 2024
GYUB TV2   South Korea MND 19.5 m > 100[98] N/A N/A Expendable 1[98] 2023 2023
Soyuz-2.1a   Russia TsSKB-Progress 46.3 m 7,020 from Baikonur
6,830 from Plesetsk
7,150 from Vostochny[99] 		N/A 4,450 to SSO[100] Expendable 65[101][100][102] 2006[m] 2024
Soyuz-2.1b   Russia TsSKB-Progress 46.3 m 8,200 from Baikonur
7,850 from Plesetsk
8,320 from Vostochny[99] 		3,060[104] 4,900 to SSO[104] Expendable 71[105][104] 2006 2024
Soyuz-2.1v   Russia TsSKB-Progress 44 m 2,800[106] N/A 1,400 to SSO 2,630 to polar[106] Expendable 12[106] 2013 2024
Starship[107]   United States SpaceX 121 m 40,000[108] - 50,000 N/A N/A Fully reusable 3 2023 2024
SLS Block 1   United States NASA Boeing
Northrop Grumman 		98 m 95,000[109] N/A 27,000+ to TLI[109] Expendable 1[110] 2022[111] 2022
SSLV   India ISRO 34 m 500[112] N/A 300 to SSO[112] Expendable 2[113] 2022 2023
Tianlong-2   China Space Pioneer 32.8 m 2,000[114] N/A 1,500 to SSO[114] Expendable 1[114] 2023 2023
Vega   Europe  Italy ArianeGroupAvio 31 m 2,300[115] N/A 1,330 to SSO[116]

1,500 to polar[117]

Expendable 21[118] 2012 2023
Vega-C   Europe  Italy ArianeGroupAvio 36.2 m 3,300[119] N/A 2,200 to SSO 2,300 to polar[119] Expendable 2[120] 2022 2022
Vulcan Centaur VC2   United States ULA 61.6 m 19,000[121] 8,400[121] 2,600 to GEO

15,200 to polar 6,300 to TLI[121]

Expendable 1[122] 2024 2024
Zhuque-2   China LandSpace 49.5 m 6,000[123] N/A 4,000 to SSO[123] Expendable 3[123] 2022[124] 2023
  1. ^ Suborbital flight tests and on-pad explosions are excluded, but launches failing en route to orbit are included.
  2. ^ for Starliner[7]
  3. ^ Despite not being officially acknowledged by the manufacturer, significant changes between different iterations of the rocket lead to the identification of different variants.[10]
  4. ^ Sea-launched version of the third unofficial iteration of the Ceres-1 launch vehicle.
  5. ^ 5,100 kg to a 500-km Sun-synchronous orbit; 3,300 kg to 800 km[29]: 64–65 
  6. ^ Despite not being officially acknowledged by the manufacturer, significant changes between different iterations of the rocket lead to the identification of different variants.[33]
  7. ^ A suborbital test flight was conducted in March 2012.[41]
  8. ^ A suborbital test flight was conducted in 2014 (designated LVM-3/CARE) without the cryogenic upper stage (CUS).[72]
  9. ^ Reference altitude 400 km
  10. ^ Additionally, two suborbital missions were conducted in 2010 and 2011.[77]
  11. ^ A suborbital test flight succeeded in 2022.
  12. ^ A suborbital test flight succeeded in 2016; both orbital flights in 2017 and 2019 failed.[96]
  13. ^ Suborbital test flight in 2004, without Fregat upper stage.[103]

Upcoming rockets edit

Upcoming launch vehicles

Vehicle Origin Manufacturer Height Payload mass to ... (kg) Reusable / Expendable Launch Site (s) Date of first flight
LEO GTO Other
Agnibaan   India AgniKul Cosmos 18 m 150 N/A 90 to SSO Expendable 2025
Angara A5 / KVTK   Russia Khrunichev TBA TBA 7,500 N/A Expendable 2020s
Angara A5M   Russia Khrunichev TBA 26,800 4,100-5,200 N/A Expendable 2020s
Angara A5P   Russia Khrunichev TBA 18,800 N/A N/A Expendable 2028
Antares 330   United States Northrop Grumman

Firefly Aerospace[a]

47 m 10,800[125] N/A N/A Expendable 2025
Ariane 6 A62   Europe ArianeGroup 63 m 10,350[126]: 45  5,000[126]: 33  6,450 to SSO
3,000 to HEO
3,000 to TLI [126]: 40–49  		Expendable 2024[127]
Ariane 6 A64   Europe ArianeGroup 63 m 21,650[126]: 46  11,500+ [126]: 33  14,900 to SSO
5,000 to GEO
8,400 to HEO
8,500 to TLI [126]: 40–49  		Expendable 2024[127]
Aurora   Canada Reaction Dynamics 18 m 200 N/A TBA Expendable 2025
Aventura 1   Argentina TLON Space 10 m 25 N/A N/A TBA
  •   Launch platform
 2025
Blue Whale 1   South Korea Perigee Aerospace 21 m 165[128] N/A 185 to SSO Partially reusable 2024
195[128] 220 to SSO Expendable
Cosmos   Russia SR space 18.5 m 390 N/A 310 to SSO TBA TBA
Cyclone-4M   Ukraine Yuzhnoye
Yuzhmash 		38.7 m 5,000[130] 1,000[131] 3,350 to SSO[130] Expendable 2025[132]
Dauntless   United States Vaya Space 35 m 1,100[133] N/A 600 to SSO Expendable
  •   CCSFS,
  •   The Spaceport Company Launch Platform
 2026[133]
Daytona I   United States Phantom Space 18 m 180 N/A 53 to SSO Expendable 2025[134]
Epsilon S   Japan JAXA 27.2 m 1,400 N/A 600 to SSO Expendable 2024
Eris Block 1   Australia Gilmour Space Technologies 25 m 305[135] N/A N/A Expendable 2024[136]
Gravity-2   China Orienspace 60 m 8,600 - 16,000 5,800 10,900 to SSO Partially reusable 2024
Hanbit-Nano   South Korea Innospace 17 m[137] 150 N/A 90 Expendable 2024
Hyperbola-3   China i-Space 69 m 8,500 N/A N/A Partially reusable 2025[138]
13,400 Expendable
H3-22L   Japan Mitsubishi 63 m N/A[31] N/A N/A Expendable 2020s
H3-24L   Japan Mitsubishi 63 m TBA TBA > 6,500 to TLI Expendable 2024
H3-30S   Japan Mitsubishi 57 m N/A[31] N/A 4,000 to SSO Expendable 2024
Jielong 4   China CALT TBA TBA N/A TBA Expendable TBA 2024
KSLV-III   South Korea KARI 54 m 10,000 3,500 7,000 to SSO

1,800 to TLI

Expendable 2030
Long March 8A   China CALT 50.3 m TBA 6,800 to SSO N/A Expendable 2024
Long March 9   China CALT 114 m 80,000 - 150,000[139] 66,000 53,000 to TLI[139]
40,000 to TMI[140] 		Partially/fully reusable 2033
Long March 10   China CALT 89[b] - 93.2 m[c] 70,000 N/A 27,000 to TLI Expendable 2027
Long March 10A   China CALT 67 m 14,000 N/A N/A Partially reusable >2027
18,000 Expendable
Long March 12   China CALT 59 m 10,000 N/A 6,000 to SSO Expendable 2024
Maia   France MaiaSpace 50 m TBA N/A N/A Partially reusable 2025
Miura 5   Spain PLD Space 35.7 m 840 N/A 540 to SSO Partially reusable 2026[141]
MLV   United States Firefly Aerospace 55.7 m 16,000 N/A N/A Expendable 2025[142]
Nebula-1   China Deep Blue Aerospace TBA 1,000 N/A N/A Partially reusable 2024[143]
Nebula-2   China Deep Blue Aerospace TBA 20,000 N/A N/A Partially reusable 2025[143]
Neutron   United States
  New Zealand 		Rocket Lab 42.8 m 8,000[d] - 13,000 N/A N/A Partially reusable 2024[144]
15,000 Expendable
New Glenn   United States Blue Origin 98 m 45,000[145] 13,000 N/A Partially reusable 2024
NGLV LEO   India ISRO 88 m 7,700[e] N/A N/A Partially reusable TBA
9,900 Partially reusable
16,900 Expendable
NGLV GEO   India ISRO 92 m N/A 5,200 N/A Partially reusable TBA
25,000 8,900 Expendable
Nova   United States Stoke Space 28.5 m 1,500 N/A N/A Fully reusable TBA
OB-1 Mk1   France HyPrSapce 11 m 200 N/A N/A Expendable 2026[146]
Pallas-1   China Galactic Energy 42 m 5,000 N/A 3,000 to SSO Partially reusable 2024[147]
Prime   United Kingdom Orbex 19 m 180 N/A 100 to SSO[f][148] Expendable 2024
RFA One   Germany RFA 30 m 1,600[149] 450[149] 1,300 to SSO Expendable 2024[150]
Rocket 4   United States Astra 18.9 m 500 N/A 350 to SSO Expendable 2024
Rokot-M   Russia Khrunichev TBA 1,950 N/A N/A Expendable 2024
RS1 B2   United States ABL Space Systems 27 m 1,350[151] 400 975 to SSO
750 to MEO 		Expendable 2024
ŞİMŞEK-1   Turkey Roketsan TBA 400 N/A N/A Expendable 2027
Siraya   Taiwan TASA 25 m 200 N/A N/A Expendable TBD TBA
Sirius 1   France Sirius Space 24.7 m TBA N/A 175 to SSO Expendable TBD 2025
Skyrora XL   United Kingdom Skyrora 22.7 m 315 N/A 315 to SSO[152] Expendable 2024
GYUB[153]   South Korea MND 26.8 m 1,500 N/A N/A Expendable TBA
SLS Block 1B[g]   United States NASA / Boeing
Northrop Grumman 		111 m 105,000[154] N/A 37,000 to TLI[155] Expendable 2028
SLS Block 2[h]   United States NASA / Boeing
Northrop Grumman 		111 m 130,000[156] N/A 45,000 to HCO[155] Expendable 2033
SL1   Germany HyImpulse 30 m 500 N/A N/A Expendable 2025
Soyuz-5 (Irtysh)   Russia TsSKB-Progress
RSC Energia 		61.87 m 18,000[157] N/A 2,500 to GEO Expendable 2025[158]
Soyuz-7 (Amur)   Russia JSC SRC Progress 55 m 10,500[159] 2,600 4,700 to SSO Partially reusable 2028
13,600[159] Expendable
Spectrum   Germany Isar Aerospace 28 m 1,000[160] N/A 700 to SSO[160] Expendable 2025[161]
Terran R   United States Relativity Space 82 m 23,500 5,500[162] N/A Partially reusable 2026[162]
33,500 Expendable
Tianlong-3   China Space Pioneer 71 m 17,000 N/A 14,000 to SSO Partially reusable 2024[143]
Tronador II-250   Argentina CONAE 27 m 500 N/A N/A Expendable 2030
Vega-E   Europe ESA ASI 36.2 m 3,000[163] N/A N/A Expendable 2026
Vikram 1[164]   India Skyroot Aerospace[165] 20 m 315 to 45º inclination 500 km LEO N/A 200 to 500 km SSPO Expendable 2024
Vikram 2[164]   India Skyroot Aerospace TBA 520 to 45º inclination 500 km LEO N/A 410 to 500 km SSPO Expendable TBA
Vikram 3[164]   India Skyroot Aerospace TBA 720 to 45º inclination 500 km LEO N/A 580 to 500 km SSPO Expendable TBA
Volans V500   Singapore Equatorial Space Systems TBA 150 N/A N/A Expendable TBA 2026
Vulcan Centaur VC0   United States ULA 61.6 m 10,800 3,500 2,300 to TLI Expendable 2020s
Vulcan Centaur VC4   United States ULA 61.6 m 24,600 11,700 4,900 to GEO
9,200 to TLI 		Expendable 2024
Vulcan Centaur VC6   United States ULA 61.6 m 27,200[166] 14,400[166] 6,500 to GEO
11,500 to TLI 		Expendable 2020s
Zephyr   France Latitude 19 m 100 N/A 80 to SSO Expendable 2025
Zero   Japan Interstellar Technologies 32 m 800 N/A 250 to SSO Expendable 2025
Zhuque-3   China LandSpace 76.6 m 12,500 (RTLS)[143] TBA TBA Partially reusable 2025[143]
18,300 (barge)[143] Partially reusable
21,000[167] Expendable
Zuljanah   Iran Iranian Space Agency 25.5 m 220[168] N/A N/A Expendable 2020s
  1. ^ provides the first stage, including engines
  2. ^ Height for uncrewed version
  3. ^ Height for crewed version
  4. ^ When first stage returned to launch site
  5. ^ When first stage returned to launch site
  6. ^ Reference altitude 500 km
  7. ^ with EUS
  8. ^ with EUS and
    advanced boosters

Retired rockets edit

Main article: Comparison of retired orbital launch systems

Launch systems by country edit

The following chart shows the number of launch systems developed in each country, and broken down by operational status. Rocket variants are not distinguished; i.e., the Atlas V series is only counted once for all its configurations 401–431, 501–551, 552, and N22.

10
20
30
40
50
AUS
BRZ
CHN
EUR
ESP
FRA
IND
IRN
ISR
JPN
NKR
NZL
RUS
SKR
TWN
UKR
UK
USA
  •   Operational
  •   In development
  •   Retired

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ There are many different methods. Each mestylethod has drawbacks and advantages, and spacecraft propulsion is an active area of research. However, most spacecraft today are propelled by forcing a gas from the back/rear of the vehicle at very high speed through a supersonic de Laval nozzle. This sort of engine is called a rocket engine.
  2. ^ The first medieval rockets were solid-fuel rockets powered by gunpowder; they were used by the Chinese, Indians, Mongols and Arabs, in warfare as early as the 13th century.
  3. ^ Such as the Pegasus rocket and SpaceShipOne.
  4. ^ Most satellites have simple reliable chemical thrusters (often monopropellant rockets) or resistojet rockets for orbital station-keeping and some use momentum wheels for attitude control. Soviet bloc satellites have used electric propulsion for decades, and newer Western geo-orbiting spacecraft are starting to use them for north-south stationkeeping and orbit raising. Interplanetary vehicles mostly use chemical rockets as well, although a few have used ion thrusters and Hall effect thrusters (two different types of electric propulsion) to great success.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Krebs, Gunter. "Angara Family". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Angara Launch Vehicle Family". Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  3. ^ "Angara-1 to inaugurate new rocket family". www.russianspaceweb.com. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  4. ^ Mooney, Justin (2022-10-16). "Angara 1.2 launches satellite for Russian Aerospace Forces". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  5. ^ a b c "Atlas V". www.ulalaunch.com. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  6. ^ "Atlas-5(551) (Atlas-V(551))". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  7. ^ Egan, Barbara [@barbegan13] (October 15, 2016). "@torybruno @ulalaunch @baserunner0723 We are calling the config N22. No payload fairing with the Starliner on board" (Tweet). from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2023 – via Twitter.
  8. ^ a b Percival, Claire (2022-05-29). "OFT-2 CST-100 Starliner (Uncrewed) | Atlas V N22". Everyday Astronaut. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  9. ^ Roulette, Joey (22 December 2019). "'Bull's-eye' landing in New Mexico for Boeing's Starliner astronaut capsule". Reuters. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
  10. ^ Krebs, Gunter. "Ceres-1 (Gushenxing-1, GX-1)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
  11. ^ a b c d "Ceres-1". www.galactic-energy.cn. Retrieved 2023-11-23.
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  13. ^ Kim, Jeongmin (1 June 2023). "North Korea rushed satellite launch after seeing ROK rocket success, Seoul says". NK News. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
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January 01, 1970
comparison, orbital, launch, systems, this, article, lists, active, upcoming, orbital, launch, systems, retired, launch, vehicles, comparison, retired, orbital, launch, systems, falcon, block, most, prolific, active, orbital, launch, system, world, this, compa. This article lists all active and upcoming orbital launch systems For retired launch vehicles see Comparison of retired orbital launch systems Falcon 9 Block 5 the most prolific active orbital launch system in the world This comparison of orbital launch systems lists the attributes of all current and future individual rocket configurations designed to reach orbit A first list contains rockets that are operational or have attempted an orbital flight attempt as of 2024 a second list includes all upcoming rockets For the simple list of all conventional launcher families see Comparison of orbital launchers families For the list of predominantly solid fueled orbital launch systems see Comparison of solid fueled orbital launch systems Spacecraft propulsion note 1 is any method used to accelerate spacecraft and artificial satellites Orbital launch systems are rockets and other systems capable of placing payloads into or beyond Earth orbit All launch vehicle propulsion systems employed to date have been chemical rockets falling into one of three main categories Solid propellant rockets or solid fuel rockets have a motor that uses solid propellants typically a mix of powdered fuel and oxidizer held together by a polymer binder and molded into the shape of a hollow cylinder The cylinder is ignited from the inside and burns radially outward with the resulting expanding gases and aerosols escaping out via the nozzle note 2 Liquid propellant rockets have a motor that feeds liquid propellant s into a combustion chamber Most liquid engines use a bipropellant consisting of two liquid propellants fuel and oxidizer which are stored and handled separately before being mixed and burned inside the combustion chamber Hybrid propellant rockets use a combination of solid and liquid propellant typically involving a liquid oxidizer being pumped through a hollow cylinder of solid fuel All current spacecraft use conventional chemical rockets solid fuel or liquid bipropellant for launch though some note 3 have used air breathing engines on their first stage note 4 Contents 1 Current rockets 2 Upcoming rockets 3 Retired rockets 4 Launch systems by country 5 See also 6 Notes 7 ReferencesCurrent rockets editOrbits legend LEO low Earth orbit SSO or SSPO near polar Sun synchronous orbit polar polar orbit MEO medium Earth orbit GTO geostationary transfer orbit GEO geostationary orbit direct injection HEO high Earth orbit HCO heliocentric orbit TLI trans lunar injection TMI trans Mars injection LMO Low Mars Orbit Vehicle Origin Manufacturer Height Maximum payload mass kg Reusable Expendable Orbitallaunchesincludingfailures a Launch site s Dates of flight LEO GTO Other First Latest Angara A5 Briz M nbsp Russia Khrunichev 48 m 24 500 1 5 400 2 N A Expendable 2 1 nbsp Plesetsk nbsp Vostochny 2014 2020 Angara A5 Block DM 03 nbsp Russia Khrunichev 54 9 m N A TBA N A Expendable 2 1 nbsp Plesetsk nbsp Vostochny 2021 2024 Angara 1 2 nbsp Russia Khrunichev 42 7 m 3 500 2 N A 2 400 to SSO 3 Expendable 2 4 nbsp Plesetsk nbsp Vostochny 2022 2022 Atlas V 551 nbsp United States ULA 58 3 m 18 850 5 8 900 5 13 550 to SSO 6 3 850 to GEO 5 Expendable 14 nbsp VAFB nbsp CCSFS 2006 2023 Atlas V N22 b nbsp United States ULA 52 4 m 13 000 8 N A N A Expendable 2 8 nbsp Cape Canaveral 2019 9 2022 Ceres 1 3 c nbsp China Galactic Energy 20 m 400 11 N A 300 to SSO 11 Expendable 8 12 nbsp JSLC 2022 2023 Ceres 1S d nbsp China Galactic Energy 20 m 400 11 N A 300 to SSO 11 Expendable 1 12 nbsp DeFu 15002 platform 2023 2023 Chollima 1 nbsp North Korea NADA gt 38 m gt 300 13 N A N A Expendable 3 14 nbsp Sohae 2023 2023 Electron nbsp United States nbsp New Zealand Rocket Lab 18 m 300 15 N A 200 to SSO 15 Partially reusable 46 16 nbsp Mahia nbsp MARS 2017 2024 Epsilon nbsp Japan IHI 17 24 4 m 1 500 18 N A 590 to SSO 18 Expendable 6 18 nbsp KSC 2013 2022 Falcon 9 Block 5 nbsp United States SpaceX 70 m 17 500 19 5 500 20 N A Partially reusable 275 20 nbsp Vandenberg nbsp Cape Canaveral nbsp Kennedy 2018 2024 22 800 20 8 300 20 4 020 to TMI 20 Expendable Falcon Heavy 21 nbsp United States SpaceX 70 m 30 000 22 8 000 23 N A Partially reusable 9 23 nbsp Kennedy 2018 2023 63 800 23 26 700 23 16 800 to TMI 23 Expendable Firefly Alpha nbsp United States Firefly Aerospace 29 m 1 030 24 N A 630 to SSO 24 Expendable 4 25 nbsp VAFB nbsp CCSFS 2021 2023 Gravity 1 nbsp China Orienspace 31 4 m 6 500 26 N A 4 200 to SSO 26 Expendable 1 26 nbsp DeFu 15002 Launch Platform 2024 2024 GSLV Mk II nbsp India ISRO 49 1 m 6 000 27 2 250 27 N A Expendable 10 28 nbsp SDSC 2010 2024 H IIA 202 nbsp Japan Mitsubishi 53 m 8 000 29 4 000 29 5 100 to SSO e Expendable 33 30 nbsp TNSC 2001 2023 H3 22S nbsp Japan Mitsubishi 57 m N A 31 3 500 N A Expendable 2 32 nbsp TNSC 2023 2024 Hyperbola 1 2 f nbsp China i Space 22 5 m 300 34 N A 300 to SSO 34 Expendable 5 34 nbsp JSLC 2021 2023 Jielong 1 35 nbsp China CALT 19 5 m N A N A 200 to SSO 36 Expendable 1 35 nbsp JSLC 2019 2019 Jielong 3 nbsp China CALT 31 8 m N A N A 1 500 500 km SSO 37 Expendable 3 37 nbsp Tai Rui Launch Platform nbsp Bo Run Jiu Zhou Launch Platform 2022 2024 KAIROS nbsp Japan Space One 18 m 250 N A 150 to SSO 38 Expendable 1 nbsp Spaceport Kii 2024 2024 Kinetica 1 nbsp China CAS Space 30 m 2 000 39 N A 1 500 39 500 km SSO Expendable 3 39 nbsp JSLC 2022 2024 Kuaizhou 1A nbsp China ExPace 19 8 m 400 40 N A 250 to SSO Expendable 28 40 nbsp JSLC nbsp TSLC nbsp XSLC 2013 g 2024 Kuaizhou 11 nbsp China ExPace 25 3 m 1 500 42 N A 1 000 to SSO 42 Expendable 2 43 nbsp JSLC 2020 2022 Long March 2C nbsp China CALT 38 8 m 44 3 850 45 N A 2 100 to SSO Expendable 69 nbsp JSLC nbsp TSLC nbsp XSLC 1982 2024 Long March 2C YZ 1S nbsp China CALT 38 8 m 44 TBA N A 2 500 to SSO Expendable 8 nbsp JSLC nbsp XSLC 2018 2024 Long March 2D nbsp China SAST 41 1 m 4 000 46 N A 1 300 to SSO 47 Expendable 89 48 nbsp JSLC nbsp TSLC nbsp XSLC 1992 2024 Long March 2D YZ 3 nbsp China SAST 41 1 m TBA N A 2 000 to SSO Expendable 3 nbsp JSLC nbsp XSLC 2018 2024 Long March 2F nbsp China CALT 62 m 8 400 49 N A N A Expendable 23 48 nbsp JSLC 1999 2024 Long March 3A nbsp China CALT 52 5 m 6 000 50 2 600 50 5 000 to SSO1 420 to TLI 50 Expendable 27 50 nbsp XSLC 1994 2018 Long March 3B E nbsp China CALT 56 3 m 11 500 50 5 500 50 6 900 to SSO3 500 to TLI 50 Expendable 82 50 nbsp XSLC 2007 2024 Long March 3B E YZ 1 nbsp China CALT 56 3 m N A N A 2 200 to MEO Expendable 14 nbsp XSLC 2015 2023 Long March 3C nbsp China CALT 54 8 m 9 100 50 3 800 50 6 500 to SSO2 300 to TLI 50 Expendable 18 50 nbsp XSLC 2008 2021 Long March 4B nbsp China SAST 44 1 m 4 200 51 1 500 51 2 800 to SSO 51 Expendable 48 51 nbsp JSLC nbsp TSLC 1999 2023 Long March 4C nbsp China SAST 45 8 m 4 200 52 1 500 52 2 800 to SSO 52 Expendable 53 52 nbsp JSLC nbsp TSLC nbsp XSLC 2006 2023 Long March 5 nbsp China CALT 56 9 m 25 000 53 14 000 53 15 000 to SSO 54 4 500 to GEO 54 8 200 to TLI 55 6 000 to TMI 55 Expendable 8 54 nbsp WSLS 2016 2024 Long March 5B nbsp China CALT 56 9 m 25 000 54 N A N A Expendable 4 54 nbsp WSLS 2020 56 2022 Long March 6 nbsp China SAST 29 m 1 500 57 N A 1 080 to SSO 57 Expendable 11 57 nbsp TSLC 2015 2023 Long March 6A nbsp China SAST 50 m 8 000 58 N A 4 500 to SSO 59 Expendable 5 60 nbsp TSLC 2022 2024 Long March 6C nbsp China CALT 43 m 4 500 N A N A Expendable 1 61 nbsp TSLC 2024 2024 Long March 7 nbsp China CALT 53 1 m 14 000 62 7 000 5 500 to SSO 62 Expendable 8 63 nbsp WSLS 2016 64 2024 Long March 7A nbsp China CALT 60 13 m N A 7 000 56 5 000 to TLI Expendable 6 63 nbsp WSLS 2020 2023 Long March 8 822 65 nbsp China CALT 50 34 m 8 400 2 800 66 5 000 to SSO 66 1 500 to TLI Expendable 2 67 nbsp WSLS nbsp JSLC 2020 2024 Long March 8 820 68 nbsp China CALT 48 m 4 500 N A 3 000 to SSO Expendable 1 67 nbsp WSLS nbsp JSLC 2022 2022 Long March 11 nbsp China CALT 20 8 m 700 69 N A 350 to SSO 69 Expendable 17 69 nbsp JSLC nbsp XSLC nbsp Tai Rui Launch Platform nbsp De Bo 3 Launch Platform nbsp DeFu 15002 Launch Platform nbsp Bo Run Jiu Zhou Launch Platform 2015 2023 LVM 3 nbsp India ISRO 43 4 m 10 000 70 4 000 70 3 000 to TLI Expendable 6 71 nbsp SDSC 2017 h 2023 Minotaur C 73 nbsp United States Northrop Grumman 27 9 m 1 458 74 445 74 1 054 to SSO i 74 Expendable 1 74 nbsp VAFB 2017 2017 Minotaur I nbsp United States Northrop Grumman 19 2 m 580 75 N A N A Expendable 12 76 nbsp MARS nbsp VAFB 2000 2021 Minotaur IV nbsp United States Northrop Grumman 23 9 m 1 730 75 N A N A Expendable 5 77 j nbsp CCSFS nbsp MARS nbsp VAFB 2010 2020 Minotaur V nbsp United States Northrop Grumman 24 6 m N A 678 77 465 to HCO 77 Expendable 1 77 nbsp MARS 2013 2013 Nuri KSLV II nbsp South Korea KARI 47 2 m 3 300 78 N A 1 900 to SSO 78 Expendable 3 79 nbsp Naro 2021 2023 Pegasus XL nbsp United States Northrop Grumman 16 9 m 454 80 N A N A Expendable 35 81 nbsp Edwards nbsp KSC nbsp VAFB nbsp MARS nbsp Gando nbsp Kwajalein Atoll 1994 2021 Proton M nbsp Russia Khrunichev 58 2 m 23 000 82 6 150 83 3 300 to GEO 83 Expendable 115 84 85 83 nbsp Baikonur 2001 2023 PSLV CA nbsp India ISRO 44 4 m 2 100 86 N A 1 100 to SSO 86 Expendable 17 87 86 nbsp SDSC 2007 2023 PSLV DL nbsp India ISRO 44 4 m N A N A 750 to polar Expendable 4 88 nbsp SDSC 2019 2024 PSLV QL nbsp India ISRO 44 4 m N A N A N A Expendable 2 89 nbsp SDSC 2019 2019 PSLV XL nbsp India ISRO 44 4 m 3 800 90 1 300 90 1 750 to SSO 90 550 to TMI 91 Expendable 25 90 nbsp SDSC 2008 2023 Qaem 100 nbsp Iran IRGC 15 5 m 80 92 N A N A Expendable 2 k nbsp Shahrud 2023 2024 Qased nbsp Iran IRGC 18 8 m 40 93 N A N A Expendable 3 93 nbsp Shahrud 2020 2023 Shavit 2 nbsp Israel IAI 22 1 m 400 in Retrograde 94 N A N A Expendable 6 95 nbsp Palmachim 2007 2023 Simorgh nbsp Iran Iranian Space Agency 26 m 250 96 N A N A Expendable 7 97 96 l nbsp Semnan 2017 2024 GYUB TV2 nbsp South Korea MND 19 5 m gt 100 98 N A N A Expendable 1 98 nbsp Jeju sea launch platform 2023 2023 Soyuz 2 1a nbsp Russia TsSKB Progress 46 3 m 7 020 from Baikonur6 830 from Plesetsk7 150 from Vostochny 99 N A 4 450 to SSO 100 Expendable 65 101 100 102 nbsp Baikonur nbsp Plesetsk nbsp Vostochny 2006 m 2024 Soyuz 2 1b nbsp Russia TsSKB Progress 46 3 m 8 200 from Baikonur7 850 from Plesetsk8 320 from Vostochny 99 3 060 104 4 900 to SSO 104 Expendable 71 105 104 nbsp Baikonur nbsp Plesetsk nbsp Vostochny 2006 2024 Soyuz 2 1v nbsp Russia TsSKB Progress 44 m 2 800 106 N A 1 400 to SSO 2 630 to polar 106 Expendable 12 106 nbsp Plesetsk 2013 2024 Starship 107 nbsp United States SpaceX 121 m 40 000 108 50 000 N A N A Fully reusable 3 nbsp Starbase nbsp KSC 2023 2024 SLS Block 1 nbsp United States NASA Boeing Northrop Grumman 98 m 95 000 109 N A 27 000 to TLI 109 Expendable 1 110 nbsp KSC 2022 111 2022 SSLV nbsp India ISRO 34 m 500 112 N A 300 to SSO 112 Expendable 2 113 nbsp SDSC 2022 2023 Tianlong 2 nbsp China Space Pioneer 32 8 m 2 000 114 N A 1 500 to SSO 114 Expendable 1 114 nbsp JSLC 2023 2023 Vega nbsp Europe nbsp Italy ArianeGroupAvio 31 m 2 300 115 N A 1 330 to SSO 116 1 500 to polar 117 Expendable 21 118 nbsp CSG 2012 2023 Vega C nbsp Europe nbsp Italy ArianeGroupAvio 36 2 m 3 300 119 N A 2 200 to SSO 2 300 to polar 119 Expendable 2 120 nbsp CSG 2022 2022 Vulcan Centaur VC2 nbsp United States ULA 61 6 m 19 000 121 8 400 121 2 600 to GEO 15 200 to polar 6 300 to TLI 121 Expendable 1 122 nbsp CCSFS 2024 2024 Zhuque 2 nbsp China LandSpace 49 5 m 6 000 123 N A 4 000 to SSO 123 Expendable 3 123 nbsp JSLC 2022 124 2023 Suborbital flight tests and on pad explosions are excluded but launches failing en route to orbit are included for Starliner 7 Despite not being officially acknowledged by the manufacturer significant changes between different iterations of the rocket lead to the identification of different variants 10 Sea launched version of the third unofficial iteration of the Ceres 1 launch vehicle 5 100 kg to a 500 km Sun synchronous orbit 3 300 kg to 800 km 29 64 65 Despite not being officially acknowledged by the manufacturer significant changes between different iterations of the rocket lead to the identification of different variants 33 A suborbital test flight was conducted in March 2012 41 A suborbital test flight was conducted in 2014 designated LVM 3 CARE without the cryogenic upper stage CUS 72 Reference altitude 400 km Additionally two suborbital missions were conducted in 2010 and 2011 77 A suborbital test flight succeeded in 2022 A suborbital test flight succeeded in 2016 both orbital flights in 2017 and 2019 failed 96 Suborbital test flight in 2004 without Fregat upper stage 103 Upcoming rockets editUpcoming launch vehicles Vehicle Origin Manufacturer Height Payload mass to kg Reusable Expendable Launch Site s Date of first flight LEO GTO Other Agnibaan nbsp India AgniKul Cosmos 18 m 150 N A 90 to SSO Expendable nbsp SDSC 2025 Angara A5 KVTK nbsp Russia Khrunichev TBA TBA 7 500 N A Expendable nbsp Plesetsk nbsp Vostochny 2020s Angara A5M nbsp Russia Khrunichev TBA 26 800 4 100 5 200 N A Expendable nbsp Plesetsk nbsp Vostochny 2020s Angara A5P nbsp Russia Khrunichev TBA 18 800 N A N A Expendable nbsp Vostochny 2028 Antares 330 nbsp United States Northrop Grumman Firefly Aerospace a 47 m 10 800 125 N A N A Expendable nbsp MARS 2025 Ariane 6 A62 nbsp Europe ArianeGroup 63 m 10 350 126 45 5 000 126 33 6 450 to SSO 3 000 to HEO 3 000 to TLI 126 40 49 Expendable nbsp CSG 2024 127 Ariane 6 A64 nbsp Europe ArianeGroup 63 m 21 650 126 46 11 500 126 33 14 900 to SSO 5 000 to GEO 8 400 to HEO 8 500 to TLI 126 40 49 Expendable nbsp CSG 2024 127 Aurora nbsp Canada Reaction Dynamics 18 m 200 N A TBA Expendable nbsp Nova Scotia 2025 Aventura 1 nbsp Argentina TLON Space 10 m 25 N A N A TBA nbsp Launch platform 2025 Blue Whale 1 nbsp South Korea Perigee Aerospace 21 m 165 128 N A 185 to SSO Partially reusable nbsp CETACEA 1 sea launch platform 129 nbsp Esrange 2024 195 128 220 to SSO Expendable Cosmos nbsp Russia SR space 18 5 m 390 N A 310 to SSO TBA nbsp Vostochny nbsp Yasny TBA Cyclone 4M nbsp Ukraine Yuzhnoye Yuzhmash 38 7 m 5 000 130 1 000 131 3 350 to SSO 130 Expendable nbsp Nova Scotia 2025 132 Dauntless nbsp United States Vaya Space 35 m 1 100 133 N A 600 to SSO Expendable nbsp CCSFS nbsp The Spaceport Company Launch Platform 2026 133 Daytona I nbsp United States Phantom Space 18 m 180 N A 53 to SSO Expendable nbsp VAFB nbsp CCSFS nbsp ASC 2025 134 Epsilon S nbsp Japan JAXA 27 2 m 1 400 N A 600 to SSO Expendable nbsp KSC 2024 Eris Block 1 nbsp Australia Gilmour Space Technologies 25 m 305 135 N A N A Expendable nbsp Bowen 2024 136 Gravity 2 nbsp China Orienspace 60 m 8 600 16 000 5 800 10 900 to SSO Partially reusable nbsp WSLS 2024 Hanbit Nano nbsp South Korea Innospace 17 m 137 150 N A 90 Expendable nbsp CEA nbsp Andoya nbsp ASC 2024 Hyperbola 3 nbsp China i Space 69 m 8 500 N A N A Partially reusable nbsp JSLC 2025 138 13 400 Expendable H3 22L nbsp Japan Mitsubishi 63 m N A 31 N A N A Expendable nbsp TNSC 2020s H3 24L nbsp Japan Mitsubishi 63 m TBA TBA gt 6 500 to TLI Expendable nbsp TNSC 2024 H3 30S nbsp Japan Mitsubishi 57 m N A 31 N A 4 000 to SSO Expendable nbsp TNSC 2024 Jielong 4 nbsp China CALT TBA TBA N A TBA Expendable TBA 2024 KSLV III nbsp South Korea KARI 54 m 10 000 3 500 7 000 to SSO 1 800 to TLI Expendable nbsp Naro 2030 Long March 8A nbsp China CALT 50 3 m TBA 6 800 to SSO N A Expendable nbsp WSLS 2024 Long March 9 nbsp China CALT 114 m 80 000 150 000 139 66 000 53 000 to TLI 139 40 000 to TMI 140 Partially fully reusable nbsp WSLS 2033 Long March 10 nbsp China CALT 89 b 93 2 m c 70 000 N A 27 000 to TLI Expendable nbsp WSLS 2027 Long March 10A nbsp China CALT 67 m 14 000 N A N A Partially reusable nbsp WSLS gt 2027 18 000 Expendable Long March 12 nbsp China CALT 59 m 10 000 N A 6 000 to SSO Expendable nbsp WSLS 2024 Maia nbsp France MaiaSpace 50 m TBA N A N A Partially reusable nbsp CSG 2025 Miura 5 nbsp Spain PLD Space 35 7 m 840 N A 540 to SSO Partially reusable nbsp CSG 2026 141 MLV nbsp United States Firefly Aerospace 55 7 m 16 000 N A N A Expendable nbsp CCSFS nbsp MARS nbsp VAFB 2025 142 Nebula 1 nbsp China Deep Blue Aerospace TBA 1 000 N A N A Partially reusable nbsp WSLS 2024 143 Nebula 2 nbsp China Deep Blue Aerospace TBA 20 000 N A N A Partially reusable nbsp WSLS 2025 143 Neutron nbsp United States nbsp New Zealand Rocket Lab 42 8 m 8 000 d 13 000 N A N A Partially reusable nbsp MARS 2024 144 15 000 Expendable New Glenn nbsp United States Blue Origin 98 m 45 000 145 13 000 N A Partially reusable nbsp CCSFS 2024 NGLV LEO nbsp India ISRO 88 m 7 700 e N A N A Partially reusable nbsp SDSC TBA 9 900 Partially reusable 16 900 Expendable NGLV GEO nbsp India ISRO 92 m N A 5 200 N A Partially reusable nbsp SDSC TBA 25 000 8 900 Expendable Nova nbsp United States Stoke Space 28 5 m 1 500 N A N A Fully reusable nbsp CCSFS TBA OB 1 Mk1 nbsp France HyPrSapce 11 m 200 N A N A Expendable nbsp CSG 2026 146 Pallas 1 nbsp China Galactic Energy 42 m 5 000 N A 3 000 to SSO Partially reusable nbsp WSLS TSLC 2024 147 Prime nbsp United Kingdom Orbex 19 m 180 N A 100 to SSO f 148 Expendable nbsp Sutherland 2024 RFA One nbsp Germany RFA 30 m 1 600 149 450 149 1 300 to SSO Expendable nbsp SaxaVord nbsp Andoya nbsp CSG nbsp Whalers Way 2024 150 Rocket 4 nbsp United States Astra 18 9 m 500 N A 350 to SSO Expendable nbsp KLC nbsp CCSFS 2024 Rokot M nbsp Russia Khrunichev TBA 1 950 N A N A Expendable nbsp Plesetsk 2024 RS1 B2 nbsp United States ABL Space Systems 27 m 1 350 151 400 975 to SSO750 to MEO Expendable nbsp KLC nbsp SaxaVord nbsp CCSFS nbsp VAFB 2024 SIMSEK 1 nbsp Turkey Roketsan TBA 400 N A N A Expendable nbsp Igneada 2027 Siraya nbsp Taiwan TASA 25 m 200 N A N A Expendable TBD TBA Sirius 1 nbsp France Sirius Space 24 7 m TBA N A 175 to SSO Expendable TBD 2025 Skyrora XL nbsp United Kingdom Skyrora 22 7 m 315 N A 315 to SSO 152 Expendable nbsp SaxaVord nbsp Nova Scotia 2024 GYUB 153 nbsp South Korea MND 26 8 m 1 500 N A N A Expendable nbsp Jeju sea launch platform TBA SLS Block 1B g nbsp United States NASA Boeing Northrop Grumman 111 m 105 000 154 N A 37 000 to TLI 155 Expendable nbsp KSC 2028 SLS Block 2 h nbsp United States NASA Boeing Northrop Grumman 111 m 130 000 156 N A 45 000 to HCO 155 Expendable nbsp KSC 2033 SL1 nbsp Germany HyImpulse 30 m 500 N A N A Expendable nbsp Esrange 2025 Soyuz 5 Irtysh nbsp Russia TsSKB ProgressRSC Energia 61 87 m 18 000 157 N A 2 500 to GEO Expendable nbsp Baikonur 2025 158 Soyuz 7 Amur nbsp Russia JSC SRC Progress 55 m 10 500 159 2 600 4 700 to SSO Partially reusable nbsp Vostochny 2028 13 600 159 Expendable Spectrum nbsp Germany Isar Aerospace 28 m 1 000 160 N A 700 to SSO 160 Expendable nbsp CSG nbsp Andoya 2025 161 Terran R nbsp United States Relativity Space 82 m 23 500 5 500 162 N A Partially reusable nbsp CCSFS 2026 162 33 500 Expendable Tianlong 3 nbsp China Space Pioneer 71 m 17 000 N A 14 000 to SSO Partially reusable nbsp JSLC nbsp WSLS 2024 143 Tronador II 250 nbsp Argentina CONAE 27 m 500 N A N A Expendable nbsp BNPB 2030 Vega E nbsp Europe ESA ASI 36 2 m 3 000 163 N A N A Expendable nbsp CSG 2026 Vikram 1 164 nbsp India Skyroot Aerospace 165 20 m 315 to 45º inclination 500 km LEO N A 200 to 500 km SSPO Expendable nbsp SDSC 2024 Vikram 2 164 nbsp India Skyroot Aerospace TBA 520 to 45º inclination 500 km LEO N A 410 to 500 km SSPO Expendable nbsp SDSC TBA Vikram 3 164 nbsp India Skyroot Aerospace TBA 720 to 45º inclination 500 km LEO N A 580 to 500 km SSPO Expendable nbsp SDSC TBA Volans V500 nbsp Singapore Equatorial Space Systems TBA 150 N A N A Expendable TBA 2026 Vulcan Centaur VC0 nbsp United States ULA 61 6 m 10 800 3 500 2 300 to TLI Expendable nbsp VAFB nbsp CCSFS 2020s Vulcan Centaur VC4 nbsp United States ULA 61 6 m 24 600 11 700 4 900 to GEO 9 200 to TLI Expendable nbsp VAFB nbsp CCSFS 2024 Vulcan Centaur VC6 nbsp United States ULA 61 6 m 27 200 166 14 400 166 6 500 to GEO11 500 to TLI Expendable nbsp VAFB nbsp CCSFS 2020s Zephyr nbsp France Latitude 19 m 100 N A 80 to SSO Expendable nbsp SaxaVord 2025 Zero nbsp Japan Interstellar Technologies 32 m 800 N A 250 to SSO Expendable nbsp Taiki 2025 Zhuque 3 nbsp China LandSpace 76 6 m 12 500 RTLS 143 TBA TBA Partially reusable nbsp JSLC nbsp WSLS 2025 143 18 300 barge 143 Partially reusable 21 000 167 Expendable Zuljanah nbsp Iran Iranian Space Agency 25 5 m 220 168 N A N A Expendable nbsp Semnan 2020s provides the first stage including engines Height for uncrewed version Height for crewed version When first stage returned to launch site When first stage returned to launch site Reference altitude 500 km with EUS with EUS and advanced boostersRetired rockets editMain article Comparison of retired orbital launch systemsLaunch systems by country editThe following chart shows the number of launch systems developed in each country and broken down by operational status Rocket variants are not distinguished i e the Atlas V series is only counted once for all its configurations 401 431 501 551 552 and N22 10 20 30 40 50 AUS BRZ CHN EUR ESP FRA IND IRN ISR JPN NKR NZL RUS SKR TWN UKR UK USA Operational In development RetiredSee also editComparison of orbital launchers families Comparison of orbital rocket engines Comparison of crewed space vehicles Comparison of space station cargo vehicles List of space launch system designs Reusable launch system List of orbital launch systems Lists of rockets List of sounding rockets List of upper stages Non rocket spacelaunchNotes edit There are many different methods Each mestylethod has drawbacks and advantages and spacecraft propulsion is an active area of research However most spacecraft today are propelled by forcing a gas from the back rear of the vehicle at very high speed through a supersonic de Laval nozzle This sort of engine is called a rocket engine The first medieval rockets were solid fuel rockets powered by gunpowder they were used by the Chinese Indians Mongols and Arabs in warfare as early as the 13th century Such as the Pegasus rocket and SpaceShipOne Most satellites have simple reliable chemical thrusters often monopropellant rockets or resistojet rockets for orbital station keeping and some use momentum wheels for attitude control Soviet bloc satellites have used electric propulsion for decades and newer Western geo orbiting spacecraft are starting to use them for north south stationkeeping and orbit raising Interplanetary vehicles mostly use chemical rockets as well although a few have used ion thrusters and Hall effect thrusters two different types of electric propulsion to great success References edit a b c Krebs Gunter Angara Family Gunter s Space Page Retrieved 31 December 2021 a b Angara Launch Vehicle Family Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center Retrieved 2 September 2018 Angara 1 to inaugurate new rocket family www russianspaceweb com Retrieved 2023 11 20 Mooney Justin 2022 10 16 Angara 1 2 launches satellite for Russian Aerospace Forces NASASpaceFlight com Retrieved 2023 11 20 a b c Atlas V www ulalaunch com Retrieved 2023 11 20 Atlas 5 551 Atlas V 551 Gunter s Space Page Retrieved 2023 11 20 Egan Barbara barbegan13 October 15 2016 torybruno ulalaunch baserunner0723 We are calling the config N22 No payload fairing with the Starliner on board Tweet Archived from the original on 5 December 2022 Retrieved 20 March 2023 via Twitter a b Percival Claire 2022 05 29 OFT 2 CST 100 Starliner Uncrewed Atlas V N22 Everyday Astronaut Retrieved 2023 11 20 Roulette Joey 22 December 2019 Bull s eye landing in New Mexico for Boeing s Starliner astronaut capsule Reuters Retrieved 22 December 2019 Krebs Gunter Ceres 1 Gushenxing 1 GX 1 Gunter s Space Page Retrieved 27 August 2023 a b c d Ceres 1 www galactic energy cn Retrieved 2023 11 23 a b Ceres 1 Gushenxing 1 GX 1 Gunter s Space Page Retrieved 2023 11 23 Kim Jeongmin 1 June 2023 North Korea rushed satellite launch after seeing ROK rocket success Seoul says NK News Retrieved 2 June 2023 Chollima 1 Gunter s Space Page Retrieved 2023 11 23 a b Electron Rocket Lab Retrieved 2023 11 23 a hre, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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