Simorgh (Persian: ماهوارهبر سیمرغ, Phoenix), also called Safir-2, is an Iranian expendable launch vehicle under development.[2][3] It is the successor of the Safir, Iran's first space launch vehicle.[4] Its mission is to carry heavier satellites into higher orbit than Safir.[5]
The project was unveiled by Iranian PresidentMahmoud Ahmadinejad on 3 February 2010, as part of celebrations of the first anniversary of the launch of Omid, the first indigenously launched Iranian satellite,[6] and was launched for the first time on 19 April 2016.[7]
Simorgh is a two-stageliquid-fueled rocket developed from the Safir rocket. It is able to place a 250 kg (550 lb) payload into a circular 500 km (310 mi) low Earth orbit (LEO). It is also the first Iranian rocket that can place multiple payloads into orbit (e.g., one main payload and several secondary cubesats). In comparison, the Safir was only able to place a 50 kg payload into a 250x375 km elliptic orbit.[8][9]
The Simorgh rocket is 26.5 metres (87 ft) long, and has a launch mass of 87 tonnes (192,000 lb). Its first stage with a diameter of 2.4 meters is powered by a cluster of four synchronized Safir-1B first-stage engines with four separate turbopumps, each of these engines generating up to 37,000 kilograms-force (360 kN; 82,000 lbf) of thrust. The first stage also utilize a set of four vernier engines sharing a single turbopump used for attitude control and providing an additional 14,000 kgf (140 kN; 31,000 lbf). At liftoff, these engines generate a total 162,000 kgf (1,590 kN; 360,000 lbf) of thrust.[10][11] The second stage with a diameter of 1.5 meters utilizes a set of four smaller engines similar to the two engines of Safir's second stage. These produce a total 7,000 kgf (69 kN; 15,000 lbf) of thrust.[11][12]
The Simorgh's total flight time to a 500-530km orbit is between 480 and 495 seconds.[8] The first stage burns for about 102 seconds.[13] Stages separation takes place at an altitude of 90 km and a velocity of 2300 m/s. The fairing shroud is ejected simultaneously to the second stage engines ignition. The satellite is then accelerated to 7400 m/s and injected into its designated orbit.[8]
In contrast to its predecessor Safir, the Simorgh is integrated and assembled vertically on a launch pad located at the Imam Khomeini Space Center. Each stage goes through manufacturing horizontally and is subsequently brought to the launch pad, where final assembly of the stages are completed with the aid of a custom designed service tower.[8]
The Simorgh launch pad at the Imam Khomeini Space Center.
Saman-1 is a solid-fueled orbital transfer system under development that produces 1,300 kgf (13 kN; 2,900 lbf) of thrust and will be used as an additional upper stage in future.[11][12][14]
Reliabilityedit
The development of the Simorgh has been marked with difficulties and unreliability of certain sub-systems due to the overcomplexity of its engines and turbopumps. Out of the system's first four launches (two orbital and two sub-orbital launches) there have been three failures, giving the rocket a reliability rating of twenty five percent. There were however, indications of progressive improvements to the design and reliability of the system with each successive launch; with the 2017 launch operating for 120 seconds before failure, the 2019 launch operating 450 seconds before failure, and the 2020 launch operating correctly for 475 seconds out of the 490 seconds of operation required for a successful mission, giving the missions a 25, 92, and 97 percent success rate respectively, indicating a trend of increasing reliability in the design.[8][15][16]
Simorgh operated for 475 seconds. Satellite reached speed of 6,500 m/s out of the 7,400 m/s required to orbit. First stage operated fully correctly.[13][21] Second stage failed in latests second of the flight.[20]
5?
12 June 2021
Unknown
Disputed launch existence
U.S. official stated "is aware of an Iranian rocket launch failure". Satellite imagery "looked like a launch" occurred. Iran's Telecommunications Minister denied any launch.[22]
First time Iran launched multiple payloads in the same launch.[5]
Simorgh operated for about 600 seconds (500 seconds for the second stage). Devices didn't enter orbit; reached an altitude of 470 km and a speed of 7,350 m/s, out of the 7,600 m/s required.[24][25]
^ abcdThe payloads didn't reach orbit but the launches were considered an overall success due to the achievement of research goals.
Galleryedit
Simorgh during the launch of Payam satellite on 15 January 2021
^"Iran fails in satellite launch attempt – Spaceflight Now".
^"Iran brags it launched rocket into space... with mouse, turtles & worms". New York Daily News. 2010-02-03. Retrieved 2010-02-03.
^""سفیر" رسما بازنشسته شد تا "سیمرغ" مهیای سفر فضایی شود/ طلسم استفاده ماهوارهبر ایرانی از سوخت جامد با سریر و سروش میشکند؟ +عکس". مشرق نیوز (in Persian). 2020-01-28. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
^ abcYJC, خبرگزاری باشگاه خبرنگاران | آخرین اخبار ایران و جهان | (2021-12-31). "پرواز دوباره سیمرغ/ ماهوارهبر سیمرغ چه ویژگیهایی دارد؟" (in Persian). Retrieved 2022-03-27.
^Arrott, Elizabeth (2010-02-03). "Iran Announces New Rockets, Satellites on Space Day". VOA News. Retrieved 2010-02-03.
^ ab"Simorgh First Launch - an Iranian Success or Failure?". 24 April 2016.
^Entekhab.ir, پایگاه خبری تحلیلی انتخاب | (December 30, 2021). "برای نخستین بار، سه محموله تحقیقاتی توسط ماهوارهبر سیمرغ با موفقیت به ارتفاع ۴۷۰ کیلومتری پرتاب شد". fa (in Persian). Retrieved 2022-06-29.
^. Fars News Agency. 2010-02-03. Archived from the original on 2011-11-13. Retrieved 2010-02-03.
^ abc"موشک های ماهواره بر ایران". جنگاوران (in Persian). 2017-08-16. Retrieved 2021-04-15.
^ abcdef"تحقق ۹۰ درصد اهداف تحقیقاتی در پرتاب ماهواره «ظفر»". defapress.ir. Retrieved 2022-03-16.
^"انجام اولین آزمون زیرمداری سامانه انتقال مداری/آزمون زیرمداری دوم در برنامه بعدی پژوهشگاه فضایی". ایسنا (in Persian). 2021-06-27. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
^Egozi, Arie (2020-06-29). "New Iranian Missile Could Strike Central Europe: Analysis". Breaking Defense. Retrieved 2021-06-26.
^Berger, Eric (2021-06-25). "Rocket Report: China to copy SpaceX's Super Heavy? Vulcan slips to 2022". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2021-06-27.
^ abKrebs, Gunter. "Simorgh (Safir-2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
^Tawfeeq, Mohammed; Qiblawi, Tamara (15 January 2019). "Despite US warning, Iran launches satellite and fails". CNN. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
^ ab"بیش از ۹۵ درصد از اهداف طراحی شده برای پرتاب ماهواره ظفر محقق شد". خبرگزاری مهر | اخبار ایران و جهان | Mehr News Agency (in Persian). 2020-02-12. Retrieved 2022-03-16.
^"Iranian Satellite Launched But Fails To Reach Earth's Orbit". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 2020-02-09.
^"Iran likely had failed rocket launch, preparing for another". AP NEWS. 2021-06-23. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
^"Iran launches rocket into space as nuclear talks continue". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
^""Simorgh" satellite carrier successfully launched into space". Mehr News Agency. 2021-12-30. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
^مستند پرواز سیمرغ [The flight of the Simorgh documentary] (in Persian), 2022-01-02, retrieved 2022-03-16
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Simorgh (rocket).
November 23, 2023
simorgh, rocket, simorgh, persian, ماهواره, بر, سیمرغ, phoenix, also, called, safir, iranian, expendable, launch, vehicle, under, development, successor, safir, iran, first, space, launch, vehicle, mission, carry, heavier, satellites, into, higher, orbit, than. Simorgh Persian ماهواره بر سیمرغ Phoenix also called Safir 2 is an Iranian expendable launch vehicle under development 2 3 It is the successor of the Safir Iran s first space launch vehicle 4 Its mission is to carry heavier satellites into higher orbit than Safir 5 SimorghThe Simorgh space launch vehicle FunctionSmall lift space launch vehicleCountry of origin IranSizeHeight26 5 m 87 ft Diameter2 4 m 7 ft 10 in first stage 1 5 m 4 ft 11 in second stageMass87 t 192 000 lb Stages2CapacityPayload to LEO 200 kmMass800 kg 1 800 lb 1 Payload to LEO 500 kmMass150 kg 330 lb Associated rocketsFamilyDerived from SafirLaunch historyStatusUnder developmentLaunch sitesImam Khomeini Space Launch TerminalTotal launches4 or 5 1 suborbital Success es 0 1 suborbital Failure s 4 or 5First flight19 April 2016 suborbital 27 July 2017 orbital First stagePowered by4 modified Shahab 3 engines 4 verniersMaximum thrust1 590 kN 360 000 lbf PropellantN2O4 UDMHSecond stagePowered by4 Safir s second stage enginesMaximum thrust70 kN 16 000 lbf PropellantN2O4 UDMH edit on Wikidata The project was unveiled by Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad on 3 February 2010 as part of celebrations of the first anniversary of the launch of Omid the first indigenously launched Iranian satellite 6 and was launched for the first time on 19 April 2016 7 Contents 1 Design 2 Reliability 3 Launch history 3 1 Development phase 2016 present 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksDesign editSimorgh is a two stage liquid fueled rocket developed from the Safir rocket It is able to place a 250 kg 550 lb payload into a circular 500 km 310 mi low Earth orbit LEO It is also the first Iranian rocket that can place multiple payloads into orbit e g one main payload and several secondary cubesats In comparison the Safir was only able to place a 50 kg payload into a 250x375 km elliptic orbit 8 9 The Simorgh rocket is 26 5 metres 87 ft long and has a launch mass of 87 tonnes 192 000 lb Its first stage with a diameter of 2 4 meters is powered by a cluster of four synchronized Safir 1B first stage engines with four separate turbopumps each of these engines generating up to 37 000 kilograms force 360 kN 82 000 lbf of thrust The first stage also utilize a set of four vernier engines sharing a single turbopump used for attitude control and providing an additional 14 000 kgf 140 kN 31 000 lbf At liftoff these engines generate a total 162 000 kgf 1 590 kN 360 000 lbf of thrust 10 11 The second stage with a diameter of 1 5 meters utilizes a set of four smaller engines similar to the two engines of Safir s second stage These produce a total 7 000 kgf 69 kN 15 000 lbf of thrust 11 12 The Simorgh s total flight time to a 500 530km orbit is between 480 and 495 seconds 8 The first stage burns for about 102 seconds 13 Stages separation takes place at an altitude of 90 km and a velocity of 2300 m s The fairing shroud is ejected simultaneously to the second stage engines ignition The satellite is then accelerated to 7400 m s and injected into its designated orbit 8 In contrast to its predecessor Safir the Simorgh is integrated and assembled vertically on a launch pad located at the Imam Khomeini Space Center Each stage goes through manufacturing horizontally and is subsequently brought to the launch pad where final assembly of the stages are completed with the aid of a custom designed service tower 8 nbsp The Simorgh launch pad at the Imam Khomeini Space Center Saman 1 is a solid fueled orbital transfer system under development that produces 1 300 kgf 13 kN 2 900 lbf of thrust and will be used as an additional upper stage in future 11 12 14 Reliability editThe development of the Simorgh has been marked with difficulties and unreliability of certain sub systems due to the overcomplexity of its engines and turbopumps Out of the system s first four launches two orbital and two sub orbital launches there have been three failures giving the rocket a reliability rating of twenty five percent There were however indications of progressive improvements to the design and reliability of the system with each successive launch with the 2017 launch operating for 120 seconds before failure the 2019 launch operating 450 seconds before failure and the 2020 launch operating correctly for 475 seconds out of the 490 seconds of operation required for a successful mission giving the missions a 25 92 and 97 percent success rate respectively indicating a trend of increasing reliability in the design 8 15 16 Launch history editDevelopment phase 2016 present edit Flight No Date amp Time UTC Payload Outcome Type Remarks1 19 April 2016 No payload Success Sub orbital test flight 7 2 27 July 2017 No payload Partial failure Note 1 Orbital test flight 13 Simorgh operated for 136 seconds 13 Second stage failed 17 3 15 January 2019 Payam named AUT SAT previously 17 Partial failure Note 1 Orbital test flight 13 Simorgh operated for 455 seconds 13 Third stage failed 18 4 9 February 2020 15 45 Zafar 1 19 Partial failure Note 1 Orbital test flight 20 Simorgh operated for 475 seconds Satellite reached speed of 6 500 m s out of the 7 400 m s required to orbit First stage operated fully correctly 13 21 Second stage failed in latests second of the flight 20 5 12 June 2021 Unknown Disputed launch existence U S official stated is aware of an Iranian rocket launch failure Satellite imagery looked like a launch occurred Iran s Telecommunications Minister denied any launch 22 6 30 December 2021 Three research devices 23 Partial failure Note 1 Orbital test flight 5 First time Iran launched multiple payloads in the same launch 5 Simorgh operated for about 600 seconds 500 seconds for the second stage Devices didn t enter orbit reached an altitude of 470 km and a speed of 7 350 m s out of the 7 600 m s required 24 25 a b c d The payloads didn t reach orbit but the launches were considered an overall success due to the achievement of research goals Gallery edit nbsp Simorgh during the launch of Payam satellite on 15 January 2021 nbsp Simorgh during launch preparations nbsp Simorgh in its servicing towerSee also editComparison of orbital launchers families Comparison of orbital launch systems Iranian Space Agency Saman 1 rocket stage Other Iranian satellite launch vehicles Safir rocket Qased rocket Qaem 100 rocket Zuljanah rocket References edit برنامه ثریا ۱۵ خرداد ۱۴۰۱ telewebion com in Persian 2022 06 05 Retrieved 2022 06 25 Iran fails in satellite launch attempt Spaceflight Now Iran brags it launched rocket into space with mouse turtles amp worms New York Daily News 2010 02 03 Retrieved 2010 02 03 سفیر رسما بازنشسته شد تا سیمرغ مهیای سفر فضایی شود طلسم استفاده ماهواره بر ایرانی از سوخت جامد با سریر و سروش می شکند عکس مشرق نیوز in Persian 2020 01 28 Retrieved 2021 12 30 a b c YJC خبرگزاری باشگاه خبرنگاران آخرین اخبار ایران و جهان 2021 12 31 پرواز دوباره سیمرغ ماهواره بر سیمرغ چه ویژگی هایی دارد in Persian Retrieved 2022 03 27 Arrott Elizabeth 2010 02 03 Iran Announces New Rockets Satellites on Space Day VOA News Retrieved 2010 02 03 a b Simorgh First Launch an Iranian Success or Failure 24 April 2016 a b c d e ماهواره بر سیمرغ چگونه متولد شد عکس مشرق نیوز in Persian 2020 03 22 Retrieved 2021 06 26 Entekhab ir پایگاه خبری تحلیلی انتخاب December 30 2021 برای نخستین بار سه محموله تحقیقاتی توسط ماهواره بر سیمرغ با موفقیت به ارتفاع ۴۷۰ کیلومتری پرتاب شد fa in Persian Retrieved 2022 06 29 Iranian DM Simorgh to Carry Tolou Mesbah Satellites into Space Fars News Agency 2010 02 03 Archived from the original on 2011 11 13 Retrieved 2010 02 03 a b c موشک های ماهواره بر ایران جنگاوران in Persian 2017 08 16 Retrieved 2021 04 15 a b Safir 2 Simorgh IRILV www b14643 de Retrieved 2021 04 15 a b c d e f تحقق ۹۰ درصد اهداف تحقیقاتی در پرتاب ماهواره ظفر defapress ir Retrieved 2022 03 16 انجام اولین آزمون زیرمداری سامانه انتقال مداری آزمون زیرمداری دوم در برنامه بعدی پژوهشگاه فضایی ایسنا in Persian 2021 06 27 Retrieved 2022 06 29 Egozi Arie 2020 06 29 New Iranian Missile Could Strike Central Europe Analysis Breaking Defense Retrieved 2021 06 26 Berger Eric 2021 06 25 Rocket Report China to copy SpaceX s Super Heavy Vulcan slips to 2022 Ars Technica Retrieved 2021 06 27 a b Krebs Gunter Simorgh Safir 2 Gunter s Space Page Retrieved 15 January 2019 Tawfeeq Mohammed Qiblawi Tamara 15 January 2019 Despite US warning Iran launches satellite and fails CNN Retrieved 15 January 2019 https spaceflightnow com 2020 02 10 iran fails in satellite launch attempt 11 February 2020 a b بیش از ۹۵ درصد از اهداف طراحی شده برای پرتاب ماهواره ظفر محقق شد خبرگزاری مهر اخبار ایران و جهان Mehr News Agency in Persian 2020 02 12 Retrieved 2022 03 16 Iranian Satellite Launched But Fails To Reach Earth s Orbit RadioFreeEurope RadioLiberty Retrieved 2020 02 09 Iran likely had failed rocket launch preparing for another AP NEWS 2021 06 23 Retrieved 2021 12 30 Iran launches rocket into space as nuclear talks continue www aljazeera com Retrieved 2021 12 30 Simorgh satellite carrier successfully launched into space Mehr News Agency 2021 12 30 Retrieved 2021 12 30 مستند پرواز سیمرغ The flight of the Simorgh documentary in Persian 2022 01 02 retrieved 2022 03 16External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Simorgh rocket Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Simorgh rocket amp oldid 1185413277, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
