fbpx
Wikipedia

Comparison of crewed space vehicles

January 01, 1970

A number of different spacecraft have been used to carry people to and from outer space.

Table code key edit

Spacecraft under development
Spacecraft is operational
Retired spacecraft
‡ Payload To / From the ISS
§ Crewed (Uncrewed)
[Includes failures]

Orbital and interplanetary space vehicles edit

Spacecraft Origin Manufacturer Range Launch system Crew size Length (m) Diameter (m) Launch mass (kg) Power system Payload (kg) ‡ First spaceflight § Last spaceflight Flights §
Mercury   USA McDonnell Aircraft
North American Aviation 		LEO
attained 		Redstone MRLV
Atlas LV-3B 		1 3.34 1.89 1,400 Batteries 1961 (1960) 1963 6
(12)[note 1]
Gemini   USA McDonnell Aircraft
Martin 		LEO Titan II GLV
Titan IIIC[note 2] 		2 5.56 3.05 3,790 Fuel cells 1965 (1964) 1966 10
(2)[note 3]
Apollo   USA North American Aviation
Grumman and Douglas 		Lunar Saturn IB
Saturn V 		3 8.5 3.91 5,500 CM + 14,700 LM +
24,500 Service Module 		Fuel cells 1967 (1966) 1975 15
(4)[note 3]
Space Shuttle orbiter   USA Rockwell International LEO Space Shuttle 8[note 4] 37.24 4.8[note 5] 109,000 Fuel cells 12,500/16,000 1981 2011 135[note 6]
Soyuz 7K-T   Soviet Union OKB-1 LEO Soyuz
Soyuz-U 		2 7.48 2.72 6,830 Batteries 1973 1981 26 (4)[note 7]
Voskhod   Soviet Union OKB-1 LEO Voskhod 3[note 8] 5 2.4 5,682 Batteries 1964 (1964) 1965 2 (3)
Vostok   Soviet Union OKB-1 LEO
first 		Vostok-K 1 4.4 2.43 4,725 Batteries 1961 (1960) 1963 6 (7)[note 9]
Soyuz 7K-OK   Soviet Union OKB-1 LEO Soyuz 3 7.48 2.72 6,560 Solar panels 1967 (1966) 1970 8 (8)[note 10]
Soyuz 7KT-OK   Soviet Union OKB-1 LEO Soyuz 3 7.48 2.72 6,790 Solar panels 1971 1971 2[note 11]
Soyuz 7K-T-AF   Soviet Union OKB-1 LEO Soyuz 2 7.48 2.72 6,570 Solar panels 1973 1973 1
Soyuz 7K-TM   Soviet Union OKB-1 LEO Soyuz-U 2 7.48 2.72 6,570 Solar panels 1974 1975 2 (2)
Soyuz 7K-MF6   Soviet Union OKB-1 LEO Soyuz-U 2 7.48 2.72 6,510 Solar panels 1976 1976 1
Soyuz-T   Soviet Union OKB-1 LEO Soyuz-U
Soyuz-U2 		3 7.48 2.72 6,850 Solar panels 1978 1986 15 (6)[note 12]
Soyuz-TM   Soviet Union
  Russia 		RKK Energia LEO Soyuz-U2
Soyuz-U 		3 7.48 2.72 7,250 Solar panels 1986 2002 33 (1)
Buran   Soviet Union RKK Energia LEO Energia 10 36.37 2.4 [note 13] 105,000 Fuel cells 30,000 [note 14] N/A (1988) (1988) 0 (1)
Soyuz-TMA
11F732 		  Russia RKK Energia LEO Soyuz-FG 3 7.48 2.72 7,250 Solar panels 2002 2012 22
Soyuz TMA-M
11F747 		  Russia RKK Energia LEO Soyuz-FG 3 7.48 2.72 7,150 Solar panels 2010 2016 19
Shenzhou   China China Academy of Space Technology LEO Chang Zheng 2F 3 9.25 2.80 7,840 Solar panels 2003 (1999) Active 12 (5)
Soyuz MS
   Russia RKK Energia LEO Soyuz-2.1a 3 7.48 2.72 7,080 Solar panels 2016 Active 22 (2)
Crew Dragon   USA SpaceX LEO Falcon 9 4[1] 8.1[2] 3.7[3] 12,055[4] Solar Panels 3,307/2,507 2020 (2019) Active 11 (1)
CST-100 Starliner   USA Boeing LEO Atlas V 7 [note 15][5] 5.03 [6] 4.56 [6] 13,000 Solar panels 2024 (2019) Testing 0 (2)
Orion   USA Lockheed Martin
Astrium 		Lunar, Mars Space Launch System 6 3.3 5 8,900 capsule +
12,300 service module 		Solar panels 2025 (2014) Testing 0 (2)[note 16]
Mengzhou   China China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation LEO, Lunar Long March 10 7 8.8 4.5 21,600 Solar panels 2026 (2020) Testing 0
(1)
Gaganyaan   India Indian Space Research Organization LEO GSLV Mk III 3 7 3.5 7,800 Solar Panels (Planned: 2024) Planned 0
Starship   USA SpaceX Solar System[7][note 17] Super Heavy 100 [note 18] 55 [7] 9 [7][note 19] 1,335,000 [7] Solar Panels (Planned: 2023) [7] Testing 0
Orel
   Russia RKK Energia LEO,Lunar Irtysh (rocket)
Angara A5 		6 6.1 37,478 Solar panels (Planned: 2028) Planned 0
Dream Chaser   USA Sierra Nevada Corporation LEO Vulcan Centaur 7 [8][9] 9 [10] 7 [note 20] 11,300 [11] Solar panels TBA Planned 0
Biconic Space Vehicle   USA Blue Origin LEO New Glenn 7 98 7 TBA Planned 0
Nyx   Germany   France The Exploration Company LEO,Lunar Ariane 6 or Falcon 9 4 8,000 Solar panels 4,000 LEO, 2,000 Lunar TBA Planned 0


Suborbital space vehicles edit

Spacecraft Origin Manufacturer Altitude Launch system Crew size Length (m) Diameter (m) Launch mass (kg) Power system Generated power (W) First spaceflight § Last spaceflight Flights §
SpaceShipOne   USA Scaled Composites 112 km
X Prize 		White Knight
Hybrid Motor 		1 8.53 8.05 3,600 Batteries 2004 2004 3[note 21]
X-15   USA North American Aviation 108 km
altitude 		B-52
Ammonia-LOX 		1 15.45 6.8 15,420 Two 28 volt-300 amp DC generators 1963[note 22] 1963 2[note 23]
SpaceShipTwo   USA Virgin Galactic 90 km White Knight Two
RocketMotorTwo 		8[note 24] 18.3 8.3 9,740 Batteries December 13, 2018 2[note 25]
New Shepard   USA Blue Origin 119 km New Shepard
BE-3 		6 18 3.7 75,000 [note 26] Batteries 2021
(2015) 		6 (17)
Spica Rocket   Denmark Copenhagen Suborbitals 105 km BPM100 1 13 1 4,100 Batteries 2025 Early Development 0
SpaceShip III   USA Virgin Galactic Approximately 90 km White Knight Two 8[note 27] 18.3 8.3 9,740 Batteries Unknown Undergoing initial ground testing 0[note 28]

Footnotes edit

  1. ^ Including 2 suborbital flights, not including boilerplate tests
  2. ^ One uncrewed launch on Titan IIIC ahead of proposed use in MOL programme
  3. ^ a b Not including boilerplate tests
  4. ^ No missions carried more than eight astronauts, although higher crew sizes were theoretically possible, for example recovering the crew of a stranded orbiter.
  5. ^ Wingspan 23.79m
  6. ^ Includes two fatal accidents; STS-51-L disintegrated during ascent, STS-107 damaged during ascent, disintegrated during reentry.
  7. ^ Crewed flights include one launch failure - abort during third stage flight, recovered after suborbital flight
  8. ^ Able to carry three cosmonauts without spacesuits, or two with spacesuits; both combinations flown
  9. ^ Uncrewed flight count includes two launch failures
  10. ^ Crewed flights include one fatal in-flight failure; Soyuz 1 lost due to parachute failure upon landing.
  11. ^ Crewed flights include one fatal in-flight failure; Soyuz 11 depressurised during reentry.
  12. ^ Crewed flights include one launch failure (SAS (launch escape system) used ~70 seconds before planned liftoff due to fire on launch pad - crew survived)
  13. ^ Wingspan 23.92m
  14. ^ planned payload, never used
  15. ^ Each mission in the Commercial Crew Program will send up to four astronauts to the ISS
  16. ^ Including uncrewed test in 2014
  17. ^ Designed to land almost everywhere in the solar system
  18. ^ Number of seats will be lower on early missions
  19. ^ Plus delta wings
  20. ^ Including wings
  21. ^ Does not include crewed atmospheric flights
  22. ^ Does not include only-U.S.-recognized spaceflights
  23. ^ Does not include atmospheric flights, or missions considered spaceflights by the US definition but not the FAI's definition
  24. ^ 2 crew + 6 passengers
  25. ^ Does not include crewed atmospheric flights
  26. ^ todate only 45,000
  27. ^ 2 crew + 6 passengers
  28. ^ Does not include crewed atmospheric flights

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Clark, Stephen (7 December 2019). "After redesigns, the finish line is in sight for SpaceX's Crew Dragon spaceship". Spaceflight Now. from the original on 6 June 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2020. 'With [the addition of parachutes] and the angle of the seats, we could not get seven anymore', Shotwell said. "So now we only have four seats. That was kind of a big change for us".
  2. ^ . SpaceX. Archived from the original on 15 July 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
  3. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
  4. ^ Clark, Stephen. "SpaceX's Crew Dragon ready for first test flight – Spaceflight Now". Retrieved 2019-03-02.
  5. ^ Reichhardt, Tony (August 2018). "Astronauts, Your Ride's Here!". Air & Space/Smithsonian. from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  6. ^ a b Burghardt, Mike (August 2011). (PDF). Boeing. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 1, 2013. Retrieved May 8, 2014.
  7. ^ a b c d e (PDF). SpaceX. 2017-10-18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-11-19. Retrieved 2017-11-19.
  8. ^ (Press release). Dryden Flight Research Center: NASA. 2010-12-17. Archived from the original on 2012-06-12. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
  9. ^ Chang, Kenneth (2011-02-01). . New York Times. p. D1. Archived from the original on 2017-09-11. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
  10. ^ Wade, Mark (2014). . Encyclopedia Astronautix. Archived from the original on 2014-01-06. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
  11. ^ Sirangelo, Mark (August 2011). "NewSpace 2011: Sierra Nevada Corporation". Spacevidcast. Retrieved 2011-08-16. Sirangelo, Mark (24 August 2014). "Flight Plans and Crews for Commercial Dream Chaser's First Flights: One-on-One Interview With SNC VP Mark Sirangelo (Part 3)". AmericaSpace.

January 01, 1970
comparison, crewed, space, vehicles, number, different, spacecraft, have, been, used, carry, people, from, outer, space, contents, table, code, orbital, interplanetary, space, vehicles, suborbital, space, vehicles, footnotes, also, referencestable, code, edits. A number of different spacecraft have been used to carry people to and from outer space Contents 1 Table code key 2 Orbital and interplanetary space vehicles 3 Suborbital space vehicles 4 Footnotes 5 See also 6 ReferencesTable code key editSpacecraft under development Spacecraft is operational Retired spacecraft Payload To From the ISS Crewed Uncrewed Includes failures Orbital and interplanetary space vehicles editSpacecraft Origin Manufacturer Range Launch system Crew size Length m Diameter m Launch mass kg Power system Payload kg First spaceflight Last spaceflight Flights Mercury nbsp USA McDonnell AircraftNorth American Aviation LEOattained Redstone MRLVAtlas LV 3B 1 3 34 1 89 1 400 Batteries 1961 1960 1963 6 12 note 1 Gemini nbsp USA McDonnell AircraftMartin LEO Titan II GLVTitan IIIC note 2 2 5 56 3 05 3 790 Fuel cells 1965 1964 1966 10 2 note 3 Apollo nbsp USA North American AviationGrumman and Douglas Lunar Saturn IBSaturn V 3 8 5 3 91 5 500 CM 14 700 LM 24 500 Service Module Fuel cells 1967 1966 1975 15 4 note 3 Space Shuttle orbiter nbsp USA Rockwell International LEO Space Shuttle 8 note 4 37 24 4 8 note 5 109 000 Fuel cells 12 500 16 000 1981 2011 135 note 6 Soyuz 7K T nbsp Soviet Union OKB 1 LEO SoyuzSoyuz U 2 7 48 2 72 6 830 Batteries 1973 1981 26 4 note 7 Voskhod nbsp Soviet Union OKB 1 LEO Voskhod 3 note 8 5 2 4 5 682 Batteries 1964 1964 1965 2 3 Vostok nbsp Soviet Union OKB 1 LEOfirst Vostok K 1 4 4 2 43 4 725 Batteries 1961 1960 1963 6 7 note 9 Soyuz 7K OK nbsp Soviet Union OKB 1 LEO Soyuz 3 7 48 2 72 6 560 Solar panels 1967 1966 1970 8 8 note 10 Soyuz 7KT OK nbsp Soviet Union OKB 1 LEO Soyuz 3 7 48 2 72 6 790 Solar panels 1971 1971 2 note 11 Soyuz 7K T AF nbsp Soviet Union OKB 1 LEO Soyuz 2 7 48 2 72 6 570 Solar panels 1973 1973 1 Soyuz 7K TM nbsp Soviet Union OKB 1 LEO Soyuz U 2 7 48 2 72 6 570 Solar panels 1974 1975 2 2 Soyuz 7K MF6 nbsp Soviet Union OKB 1 LEO Soyuz U 2 7 48 2 72 6 510 Solar panels 1976 1976 1 Soyuz T nbsp Soviet Union OKB 1 LEO Soyuz USoyuz U2 3 7 48 2 72 6 850 Solar panels 1978 1986 15 6 note 12 Soyuz TM nbsp Soviet Union nbsp Russia RKK Energia LEO Soyuz U2Soyuz U 3 7 48 2 72 7 250 Solar panels 1986 2002 33 1 Buran nbsp Soviet Union RKK Energia LEO Energia 10 36 37 2 4 note 13 105 000 Fuel cells 30 000 note 14 N A 1988 1988 0 1 Soyuz TMA11F732 nbsp Russia RKK Energia LEO Soyuz FG 3 7 48 2 72 7 250 Solar panels 2002 2012 22 Soyuz TMA M11F747 nbsp Russia RKK Energia LEO Soyuz FG 3 7 48 2 72 7 150 Solar panels 2010 2016 19 Shenzhou nbsp China China Academy of Space Technology LEO Chang Zheng 2F 3 9 25 2 80 7 840 Solar panels 2003 1999 Active 12 5 Soyuz MS nbsp Russia RKK Energia LEO Soyuz 2 1a 3 7 48 2 72 7 080 Solar panels 2016 Active 22 2 Crew Dragon nbsp USA SpaceX LEO Falcon 9 4 1 8 1 2 3 7 3 12 055 4 Solar Panels 3 307 2 507 2020 2019 Active 11 1 CST 100 Starliner nbsp USA Boeing LEO Atlas V 7 note 15 5 5 03 6 4 56 6 13 000 Solar panels 2024 2019 Testing 0 2 Orion nbsp USA Lockheed MartinAstrium Lunar Mars Space Launch System 6 3 3 5 8 900 capsule 12 300 service module Solar panels 2025 2014 Testing 0 2 note 16 Mengzhou nbsp China China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation LEO Lunar Long March 10 7 8 8 4 5 21 600 Solar panels 2026 2020 Testing 0 1 Gaganyaan nbsp India Indian Space Research Organization LEO GSLV Mk III 3 7 3 5 7 800 Solar Panels Planned 2024 Planned 0 Starship nbsp USA SpaceX Solar System 7 note 17 Super Heavy 100 note 18 55 7 9 7 note 19 1 335 000 7 Solar Panels Planned 2023 7 Testing 0 Orel nbsp Russia RKK Energia LEO Lunar Irtysh rocket Angara A5 6 6 1 37 478 Solar panels Planned 2028 Planned 0 Dream Chaser nbsp USA Sierra Nevada Corporation LEO Vulcan Centaur 7 8 9 9 10 7 note 20 11 300 11 Solar panels TBA Planned 0 Biconic Space Vehicle nbsp USA Blue Origin LEO New Glenn 7 98 7 TBA Planned 0 Nyx nbsp Germany nbsp France The Exploration Company LEO Lunar Ariane 6 or Falcon 9 4 8 000 Solar panels 4 000 LEO 2 000 Lunar TBA Planned 0Suborbital space vehicles editSpacecraft Origin Manufacturer Altitude Launch system Crew size Length m Diameter m Launch mass kg Power system Generated power W First spaceflight Last spaceflight Flights SpaceShipOne nbsp USA Scaled Composites 112 kmX Prize White KnightHybrid Motor 1 8 53 8 05 3 600 Batteries 2004 2004 3 note 21 X 15 nbsp USA North American Aviation 108 kmaltitude B 52Ammonia LOX 1 15 45 6 8 15 420 Two 28 volt 300 amp DC generators 1963 note 22 1963 2 note 23 SpaceShipTwo nbsp USA Virgin Galactic 90 km White Knight TwoRocketMotorTwo 8 note 24 18 3 8 3 9 740 Batteries December 13 2018 2 note 25 New Shepard nbsp USA Blue Origin 119 km New ShepardBE 3 6 18 3 7 75 000 note 26 Batteries 2021 2015 6 17 Spica Rocket nbsp Denmark Copenhagen Suborbitals 105 km BPM100 1 13 1 4 100 Batteries 2025 Early Development 0 SpaceShip III nbsp USA Virgin Galactic Approximately 90 km White Knight Two 8 note 27 18 3 8 3 9 740 Batteries Unknown Undergoing initial ground testing 0 note 28 Footnotes edit Including 2 suborbital flights not including boilerplate tests One uncrewed launch on Titan IIIC ahead of proposed use in MOL programme a b Not including boilerplate tests No missions carried more than eight astronauts although higher crew sizes were theoretically possible for example recovering the crew of a stranded orbiter Wingspan 23 79m Includes two fatal accidents STS 51 L disintegrated during ascent STS 107 damaged during ascent disintegrated during reentry Crewed flights include one launch failure abort during third stage flight recovered after suborbital flight Able to carry three cosmonauts without spacesuits or two with spacesuits both combinations flown Uncrewed flight count includes two launch failures Crewed flights include one fatal in flight failure Soyuz 1 lost due to parachute failure upon landing Crewed flights include one fatal in flight failure Soyuz 11 depressurised during reentry Crewed flights include one launch failure SAS launch escape system used 70 seconds before planned liftoff due to fire on launch pad crew survived Wingspan 23 92m planned payload never used Each mission in the Commercial Crew Program will send up to four astronauts to the ISS Including uncrewed test in 2014 Designed to land almost everywhere in the solar system Number of seats will be lower on early missions Plus delta wings Including wings Does not include crewed atmospheric flights Does not include only U S recognized spaceflights Does not include atmospheric flights or missions considered spaceflights by the US definition but not the FAI s definition 2 crew 6 passengers Does not include crewed atmospheric flights todate only 45 000 2 crew 6 passengers Does not include crewed atmospheric flightsSee also editCargo spacecraft robotic resupply spacecraft Comparison of orbital launch systems Comparison of orbital rocket engines Comparison of space station cargo vehicles Human spaceflightReferences edit Clark Stephen 7 December 2019 After redesigns the finish line is in sight for SpaceX s Crew Dragon spaceship Spaceflight Now Archived from the original on 6 June 2020 Retrieved 1 June 2020 With the addition of parachutes and the angle of the seats we could not get seven anymore Shotwell said So now we only have four seats That was kind of a big change for us Falcon 9 SpaceX Archived from the original on 15 July 2013 Retrieved 20 January 2016 SpaceX Brochure 2008 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 20 March 2012 Retrieved 9 December 2010 Clark Stephen SpaceX s Crew Dragon ready for first test flight Spaceflight Now Retrieved 2019 03 02 Reichhardt Tony August 2018 Astronauts Your Ride s Here Air amp Space Smithsonian Archived from the original on 21 August 2019 Retrieved 7 July 2020 a b Burghardt Mike August 2011 Boeing CST 100 Commercial Crew Transportation System PDF Boeing Archived from the original PDF on May 1 2013 Retrieved May 8 2014 a b c d e Making Life Multiplanetary PDF SpaceX 2017 10 18 Archived from the original PDF on 2017 11 19 Retrieved 2017 11 19 Dream Chaser Model Drops in at NASA Dryden Press release Dryden Flight Research Center NASA 2010 12 17 Archived from the original on 2012 06 12 Retrieved 2012 08 29 Chang Kenneth 2011 02 01 Businesses Take Flight With Help From NASA New York Times p D1 Archived from the original on 2017 09 11 Retrieved 2012 08 29 Wade Mark 2014 Dream Chaser Encyclopedia Astronautix Archived from the original on 2014 01 06 Retrieved 2012 08 29 Sirangelo Mark August 2011 NewSpace 2011 Sierra Nevada Corporation Spacevidcast Retrieved 2011 08 16 Sirangelo Mark 24 August 2014 Flight Plans and Crews for Commercial Dream Chaser s First Flights One on One Interview With SNC VP Mark Sirangelo Part 3 AmericaSpace Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Comparison of crewed space vehicles amp oldid 1218006915, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.