fbpx
Wikipedia

Cocatherium

Cocatherium is an extinct genus of marsupial mammals of uncertain family placement, from the earliest Paleocene (early Danian) of South America, predating the Tiupampan South American land mammal age. The genus was described based on a fossil molar that was found in the Danian part of the Cretaceous-Paleogene Lefipán Formation in the Cañadón Asfalto Basin in north-central Patagonia, Argentina. The type species of the genus is C. lefipanum.[1]

Cocatherium
Temporal range: Early Danian
(pre-Tiupampan)
~64 Ma
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Infraclass: Marsupialia
Order: ?Polydolopimorphia
Genus: Cocatherium
Goin et al. 2006
Species:
C. lefipanum
Binomial name
Cocatherium lefipanum
Goin et al. 2006

The mammal, probably belonging to the Polydolopimorphia, is the oldest known representative of marsupials or any therian mammal in the Southern Hemisphere.

Etymology edit

The genus was named Cocatherium ("Coca Beast") after "Coca", the nickname of San Martín of Estancia San Ramón, who assisted the researchers of the Museo de La Plata in working in the region where the fossils were found. The species epithet lefipanum honors Lefipán, one of the most prominent native Mapuche inhabitants of the region where the Lefipán Formation was deposited.[2]

Description edit

Cocatherium was described on the basis of the holotype fossil LIEB-PV 1001, an isolated right lower molar with a total length 2.90 millimetres (0.114 in), a trigonid width of 2.20 millimetres (0.087 in) and a talonid width of 2.27 millimetres (0.089 in). The molar has a well-developed wear pattern, contains all the features characteristic of a therian mammal and indicates it belonged to a bunodont marsupial of relatively large size. The mammal is the oldest known representative of marsupials or any therian mammal in the Southern Hemisphere.[3] The presence of the mammal predates the Tiupampan South American land mammal age.[4]

Classification edit

Cocatherium probably represents a basal polydolopiform, closely related to Roberthoffstetteria.[5] Polydolopoids are dentally derived marsupials primarily from the Paleocene and Eocene of South America. At least two genera are known from Antarctica.[6] According to the describing authors, the genus possibly belongs to the ?Polydolopimorphia, together with other North and South American genera as Iugomortiferum from the Campanian Wahweap Formation of Utah, Bonapartherium from the Casamayoran Lumbrera Formation and Mustersan Geste Formation of Argentina, Epidolops of the Itaboraian Las Flores Formation of the Golfo San Jorge Basin, Polydolops from Eocene Argentina, La Meseta Formation of Antarctica and Deseadan Salla Formation of Bolivia, Prepidolops, from the Lumbrera Formation, Ectocentrocristus, from the Maastrichtian Judith River and Kirtland Formations of the United States, Roberthoffstetteria of the Tiupampan Santa Lucía Formation of Bolivia, Procaroloameghinia of Las Flores Formation, and Caroloameghinia from the Casamayoran Sarmiento Formation of Argentina.[7]

Paleoecology edit

The Lefipán Formation ranges in age from the late Maastrichtian to the early Danian and preserves the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, though the exact layer is disturbed by bioturbation.[8] The Danian section of the formation shows a remarkably rapid recovery from the extinction event,[9] with aquatic plant taxa virtually undisturbed and other flora reappearing quickly.[10] A layer in the formation, known as the Turitella bed, is considered closest to the onset of the Paleogene and the fossil of Cocatherium, as well as the bivalve Meretrix chalcedonica, was found approximately 5 metres (16 ft) above the estimated K/Pg boundary.[11]

The formation has provided several macro- and microfossils of flora, which has led researchers to conclude the rapid recovery and low extinction rate of several genera and families of plants.[12] Hemipteran insect predation on leaves is noted at levels slightly above the K/Pg boundary.[13] While Cocatherium is the only mammal found in the formation, shark,[3] and ray teeth of Hypolophodon patagoniensis,[14] occur in the Danian section and are indicative of a shallow marine to littoral (coastal) environment.[15]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Cocatherium at Fossilworks.org
  2. ^ Goin et al., 2006, p.505
  3. ^ a b Goin et al., 2006, p.507
  4. ^ Woodburne et al., 2013, p.7
  5. ^ Woodburne et al., 2013, p.38
  6. ^ Polydolopimorphia
  7. ^ Goin et al., 2006, p.508
  8. ^ Donovan et al., 2016, p.4
  9. ^ Donovan et al., 2016, p.1
  10. ^ Cúneo et al., 2014, p.14
  11. ^ Goin et al., 2006, p.506
  12. ^ Barreda et al., 2012, p.6
  13. ^ Wilf et al., 2017, p.1360
  14. ^ Cione et al., 2013, p.3
  15. ^ Cione et al., 2013, p.6

Bibliography edit

  • Barreda, Viviana D.; N. Rubén Cúneo; Peter Wilf; Ellen D. Currano; Roberto A. Scasso, and Henk Brinkhuis. 2012. Cretaceous/Paleogene Floral Turnover in Patagonia: Drop in Diversity, Low Extinction, and a Classopollis Spike. PLoS ONE 7. 1–8. Accessed 2019-03-30.
  • Cione, Alberto Luis; Marcelo Tejedor, and Francisco Javier Goin. 2013. A new species of the rare batomorph genus Hypolophodon (?latest Cretaceous to earliest Paleocene, Argentina). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 267(1). 1–8. Accessed 2019-03-30.
  • Cúneo, N. Rubén; María A. Gandolfo; María C. Zamaloa, and Elizabeth Hermsen. 2014. Late Cretaceous Aquatic Plant World in Patagonia, Argentina. PLoS ONE 9. 1–18. Accessed 2019-03-30.
  • Donovan, Michael P.; Ari Iglesias; Peter Wilf; Conrad C. Labandeira, and N. Rubén Cúneo. 2016. Rapid recovery of Patagonian plant–insect associations after the end-Cretaceous extinction. Nature Ecology and Evolution 1. 1–5. Accessed 2019-03-30.
  • Goin, Francisco; Rosendo Pascual; Marcelo F. Tejedor; Javier N. Gelfo; Michael O. Woodburne; Judd A. Case; Marcelo A. Reguero; Mariano Bond, and Guillermo M. López, Alberto L. Cione, Daniel Udrizar Sautheir, Lucía Balarino, Roberto A. Scassos, Francisco A. Medina and María C. Ubaldón. 2006. The earliest Tertiary therian mammal from South America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26. 505–510. Accessed 2019-03-30.
  • Wilf, Peter; Michael P. Donovan; N. Rubén Cúneo, and María A. Gandolfo. 2017. The fossil flip-leaves (Retrophyllum, Podocarpaceae) of southern South America. American Journal of Botany 104(9). 1344–1369. Accessed 2019-03-30.
  • Woodburne, M.O.; F.J. Goin; M. Bond; A.A. Carlini; J.N. Gelfo; G.M. López; A. Iglesias, and A.N. Zimicz. 2013. Paleogene Land Mammal Faunas of South America; a Response to Global Climatic Changes and Indigenous Floral Diversity. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 21. 1–73. Accessed 2019-03-30.

cocatherium, extinct, genus, marsupial, mammals, uncertain, family, placement, from, earliest, paleocene, early, danian, south, america, predating, tiupampan, south, american, land, mammal, genus, described, based, fossil, molar, that, found, danian, part, cre. Cocatherium is an extinct genus of marsupial mammals of uncertain family placement from the earliest Paleocene early Danian of South America predating the Tiupampan South American land mammal age The genus was described based on a fossil molar that was found in the Danian part of the Cretaceous Paleogene Lefipan Formation in the Canadon Asfalto Basin in north central Patagonia Argentina The type species of the genus is C lefipanum 1 CocatheriumTemporal range Early Danian pre Tiupampan 64 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaInfraclass MarsupialiaOrder PolydolopimorphiaGenus CocatheriumGoin et al 2006Species C lefipanumBinomial name Cocatherium lefipanumGoin et al 2006The mammal probably belonging to the Polydolopimorphia is the oldest known representative of marsupials or any therian mammal in the Southern Hemisphere Contents 1 Etymology 2 Description 3 Classification 4 Paleoecology 5 See also 6 References 6 1 BibliographyEtymology editThe genus was named Cocatherium Coca Beast after Coca the nickname of San Martin of Estancia San Ramon who assisted the researchers of the Museo de La Plata in working in the region where the fossils were found The species epithet lefipanum honors Lefipan one of the most prominent native Mapuche inhabitants of the region where the Lefipan Formation was deposited 2 Description editCocatherium was described on the basis of the holotype fossil LIEB PV 1001 an isolated right lower molar with a total length 2 90 millimetres 0 114 in a trigonid width of 2 20 millimetres 0 087 in and a talonid width of 2 27 millimetres 0 089 in The molar has a well developed wear pattern contains all the features characteristic of a therian mammal and indicates it belonged to a bunodont marsupial of relatively large size The mammal is the oldest known representative of marsupials or any therian mammal in the Southern Hemisphere 3 The presence of the mammal predates the Tiupampan South American land mammal age 4 Classification editCocatherium probably represents a basal polydolopiform closely related to Roberthoffstetteria 5 Polydolopoids are dentally derived marsupials primarily from the Paleocene and Eocene of South America At least two genera are known from Antarctica 6 According to the describing authors the genus possibly belongs to the Polydolopimorphia together with other North and South American genera as Iugomortiferum from the Campanian Wahweap Formation of Utah Bonapartherium from the Casamayoran Lumbrera Formation and Mustersan Geste Formation of Argentina Epidolops of the Itaboraian Las Flores Formation of the Golfo San Jorge Basin Polydolops from Eocene Argentina La Meseta Formation of Antarctica and Deseadan Salla Formation of Bolivia Prepidolops from the Lumbrera Formation Ectocentrocristus from the Maastrichtian Judith River and Kirtland Formations of the United States Roberthoffstetteria of the Tiupampan Santa Lucia Formation of Bolivia Procaroloameghinia of Las Flores Formation and Caroloameghinia from the Casamayoran Sarmiento Formation of Argentina 7 Paleoecology editMain article Lefipan Formation The Cretaceous Paleogene extinction event The Lefipan Formation ranges in age from the late Maastrichtian to the early Danian and preserves the Cretaceous Paleogene boundary though the exact layer is disturbed by bioturbation 8 The Danian section of the formation shows a remarkably rapid recovery from the extinction event 9 with aquatic plant taxa virtually undisturbed and other flora reappearing quickly 10 A layer in the formation known as the Turitella bed is considered closest to the onset of the Paleogene and the fossil of Cocatherium as well as the bivalve Meretrix chalcedonica was found approximately 5 metres 16 ft above the estimated K Pg boundary 11 The formation has provided several macro and microfossils of flora which has led researchers to conclude the rapid recovery and low extinction rate of several genera and families of plants 12 Hemipteran insect predation on leaves is noted at levels slightly above the K Pg boundary 13 While Cocatherium is the only mammal found in the formation shark 3 and ray teeth of Hypolophodon patagoniensis 14 occur in the Danian section and are indicative of a shallow marine to littoral coastal environment 15 See also editChulpasia from Early Eocene Itaboraian Peru Didelphodon from Campanian to Maastrichtian North America Eodelphis from Campanian North AmericaReferences edit Cocatherium at Fossilworks org Goin et al 2006 p 505 a b Goin et al 2006 p 507 Woodburne et al 2013 p 7 Woodburne et al 2013 p 38 Polydolopimorphia Goin et al 2006 p 508 Donovan et al 2016 p 4 Donovan et al 2016 p 1 Cuneo et al 2014 p 14 Goin et al 2006 p 506 Barreda et al 2012 p 6 Wilf et al 2017 p 1360 Cione et al 2013 p 3 Cione et al 2013 p 6 Bibliography edit Barreda Viviana D N Ruben Cuneo Peter Wilf Ellen D Currano Roberto A Scasso and Henk Brinkhuis 2012 Cretaceous Paleogene Floral Turnover in Patagonia Drop in Diversity Low Extinction and a Classopollis Spike PLoS ONE 7 1 8 Accessed 2019 03 30 Cione Alberto Luis Marcelo Tejedor and Francisco Javier Goin 2013 A new species of the rare batomorph genus Hypolophodon latest Cretaceous to earliest Paleocene Argentina Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie Abhandlungen 267 1 1 8 Accessed 2019 03 30 Cuneo N Ruben Maria A Gandolfo Maria C Zamaloa and Elizabeth Hermsen 2014 Late Cretaceous Aquatic Plant World in Patagonia Argentina PLoS ONE 9 1 18 Accessed 2019 03 30 Donovan Michael P Ari Iglesias Peter Wilf Conrad C Labandeira and N Ruben Cuneo 2016 Rapid recovery of Patagonian plant insect associations after the end Cretaceous extinction Nature Ecology and Evolution 1 1 5 Accessed 2019 03 30 Goin Francisco Rosendo Pascual Marcelo F Tejedor Javier N Gelfo Michael O Woodburne Judd A Case Marcelo A Reguero Mariano Bond and Guillermo M Lopez Alberto L Cione Daniel Udrizar Sautheir Lucia Balarino Roberto A Scassos Francisco A Medina and Maria C Ubaldon 2006 The earliest Tertiary therian mammal from South America Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 505 510 Accessed 2019 03 30 Wilf Peter Michael P Donovan N Ruben Cuneo and Maria A Gandolfo 2017 The fossil flip leaves Retrophyllum Podocarpaceae of southern South America American Journal of Botany 104 9 1344 1369 Accessed 2019 03 30 Woodburne M O F J Goin M Bond A A Carlini J N Gelfo G M Lopez A Iglesias and A N Zimicz 2013 Paleogene Land Mammal Faunas of South America a Response to Global Climatic Changes and Indigenous Floral Diversity Journal of Mammalian Evolution 21 1 73 Accessed 2019 03 30 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cocatherium amp oldid 1149024941, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.