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Christ the Redeemer (statue)

April 26, 2024

For other statues, see Christ the Redeemer (disambiguation) § Sculpture.

Christ the Redeemer (Portuguese: Cristo Redentor, standard Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈkɾistu ʁedẽˈtoʁ]) is an Art Deco statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, created by French-Polish sculptor Paul Landowski and built by Brazilian engineer Heitor da Silva Costa, in collaboration with French engineer Albert Caquot. Romanian sculptor Gheorghe Leonida sculpted the face. Constructed between 1922 and 1931, the statue is 30 metres (98 ft) high, excluding its 8-metre (26 ft) pedestal. The arms stretch 28 metres (92 ft) wide.[1][2] It is made of reinforced concrete and soapstone.[3][4][5] Christ The Redeemer differs considerably from its original design, as the initial plan was a large Christ with a globe in one hand and a cross in the other. Although the project organisers originally accepted the design, it later changed to the statue of today, with the arms spread out wide.

Christ the Redeemer
Cristo Redentor
The statue in 2022
22°57′7″S 43°12′38″W / 22.95194°S 43.21056°W / -22.95194; -43.21056
LocationCorcovado mountain,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
DesignerDesigned by sculptors Paul Landowski and Heitor da Silva Costa and built by engineer Heitor da Silva Costa in collaboration with Albert Caquot. Sculptor Gheorghe Leonida created the face
MaterialReinforced concrete with soapstone veneer
Width28 metres (92 ft)
Height30 metres (98 ft), 38 metres (125 ft) with its pedestal
Completion dateDedicated October 13, 1931; 92 years ago (October 13, 1931)
Consecrated October 12, 2006
New Seven Wonders of the World July 7, 2007
Designated2001
Reference no.1478

The statue weighs 635 metric tons (625 long, 700 short tons), and is located at the peak of the 700-metre (2,300 ft) Corcovado mountain in the Tijuca National Park overlooking the city of Rio de Janeiro. This statue is the largest Art Deco style sculpture in the world.[6] A symbol of Christianity around the world, the statue has also become a cultural icon of both Rio de Janeiro and Brazil and was voted one of the New 7 Wonders of the World.[7]

History edit

 
A view of the Corcovado before the construction, 19th century
 
The Christ in the 1930s
 
The statue lit in the colors of the Flag of Brazil

Vincentian priest Pedro Maria Boss first suggested placing a Christian monument on Mount Corcovado in the mid-1850s to honor Princess Isabel, regent of Brazil and the daughter of Emperor Pedro II, but the project was not approved.[1] In 1889, the country became a republic, and owing to the separation of church and state the proposed statue was dismissed.[8]

The Catholic Circle of Rio made a second proposal for a landmark statue on the mountain in 1920.[9] The group organized an event called Semana do Monumento ("Monument Week") to attract donations and collect signatures to support the building of the statue. The organization was motivated by what they perceived as "Godlessness" in the society. The donations came mostly from Brazilian Catholics.[3] The designs considered for the "Statue of the Christ" included a representation of the Christian cross, a statue of Jesus with a globe in his hands, and a pedestal symbolizing the world.[10] The statue of Christ the Redeemer with open arms, a symbol of peace, was chosen.

Local engineer Heitor da Silva Costa and artist Carlos Oswald designed the statue.[11] French sculptor Paul Landowski created the work.[12]

In 1922, Landowski commissioned fellow Parisian Romanian sculptor Gheorghe Leonida, who studied sculpture at the Fine Arts Conservatory in Bucharest and in Italy.[13]

A group of engineers and technicians studied Landowski's submissions and felt building the structure of reinforced concrete (designed by Albert Caquot) instead of steel was more suitable for the cross-shaped statue. The concrete making up the base was supplied from Limhamn, Sweden.[14][15] The outer layers are soapstone, chosen for its enduring qualities and ease of use.[4] Construction took nine years, from 1922 to 1931, and cost the equivalent of US$250,000 (equivalent to $4,300,000 in 2023) and the monument opened on October 12, 1931.[4][5] During the opening ceremony, the statue was to be lit by a battery of floodlights turned on remotely by Italian shortwave radio inventor Guglielmo Marconi, stationed 9,200 kilometres (5,700 mi) away in Rome but because of bad weather, the lights were activated on site.[9]

In October 2006, on the 75th anniversary of the statue's completion, Cardinal Eusebio Oscar Scheid, Archbishop of Rio, consecrated a chapel, named after Brazil's patron saint—Our Lady of the Apparition—under the statue, allowing Catholics to hold baptisms and weddings there.[5]

Lightning struck the statue during a violent thunderstorm on February 10, 2008, causing some damage to the fingers, head and eyebrows. The Rio de Janeiro state government initiated a restoration effort to replace some of the outer soapstone layers and repair the lightning rods on the statue. Lightning damaged it again on January 17, 2014, dislodging a finger on the right hand.[16][17][18][19]

In 2010, a massive restoration of the statue began. Work included cleaning, replacing the mortar and soapstone on the exterior, restoring iron in the internal structure, and waterproofing the monument. Vandals attacked the statue during renovation, spraying paint along the arm. Mayor Eduardo Paes called the act "a crime against the nation". The culprits later apologized and presented themselves to the police.[20][21][22]

In reference to Brazil striker Ronaldo's usual goal celebration of both arms outstretched, the Pirelli tyre company ran a 1998 commercial in which he replaced the statue while in an Inter Milan strip.[23] The commercial was controversial with the Catholic Church.[24]

Restoration edit

 
A panoramic view of the statue at the top of Corcovado Mountain with Sugarloaf Mountain (centre) and Guanabara Bay in the background
 
Christ the Redeemer aerial view with Tijuca Forest
 
Christ the Redeemer atop Corcovado with Sugarloaf Mountain in background

In 1990, several organizations, including the Archdiocese of Rio de Janeiro, media company Grupo Globo, oil company Shell do Brasil, environmental regulator of IBAMA, National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage, and the city government of Rio de Janeiro entered into an agreement to conduct restoration work.

More work on the statue and its environs was conducted in 2003 and early 2010. In 2003, a set of escalators, walkways, and elevators were installed to facilitate access to the platform surrounding the statue. The four-month restoration in 2010[25] focused on the statue itself. The statue's internal structure was renovated and its soapstone mosaic covering was restored by removing a crust of fungi and other microorganisms and repairing small cracks. The lightning rods located in the statue's head and arms were also repaired, and new lighting fixtures were installed at the foot of the statue.[26]

The restoration involved one hundred people and used more than 60,000 pieces of stone taken from the same quarry as the original statue.[25] During the unveiling of the restored statue, it was illuminated with green-and-yellow lighting in support of the Brazil national football team playing in the 2010 FIFA World Cup.[25]

Maintenance work needs to be conducted periodically because of the strong winds and erosion to which the statue is exposed, as well as lightning strikes.[27] The original pale stone is no longer available in sufficient quantity, and replacement stones are increasingly darker in hue.[28]

 
Approximate heights of various notable statues:
  1. Statue of Unity 240 m (790 ft) (incl. 58 m (190 ft) base)
  2. Spring Temple Buddha 153 m (502 ft) (incl. 25 m (82 ft) pedestal and 20 m (66 ft) throne)
  3. Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World) 93 m (305 ft) (incl. 47 m (154 ft) pedestal)
  4. The Motherland Calls 87 m (285 ft) (incl. 2 m (6 ft 7 in) pedestal)
  5. Christ the Redeemer 38 m (125 ft) (incl. 8 m (26 ft) pedestal)
  6. Michelangelo's David 5.17 m (17.0 ft) (excl. 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) plinth)

Similar structures edit

Gallery edit

  •  
    Access escalators
  •  
    Christ the Redeemer after restoration
  •  
    Christ the Redeemer with the Moon in the background
  •  
    Christ the Redeemer at night
  •  
    Corcovado and Christ the Redeemer as seen from Sugarloaf Mountain
  •  
    Corcovado and Christ the Redeemer as seen from Sugarloaf Mountain during sunset

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Murray, Lorraine. "Christ the Redeemer (last updated 13 January 2014)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  2. ^ Giumbelli, Emerson (2014). Símbolos Religiosos em Controvérsia (in Portuguese). São Paulo. 244. ISBN 978-85-7816-137-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^ a b . Time. October 26, 1931. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved July 11, 2007.
  4. ^ a b c . Travel Channel. Archived from the original on May 16, 2007. Retrieved July 7, 2007.
  5. ^ a b c "Sanctuary Status for Rio landmark". BBC News. October 13, 2006. Retrieved July 7, 2007.
  6. ^ Asare, Daniel (August 14, 2023). "Christ the Redeemer (last updated September 14, 2023)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
  7. ^ . Hindustan Times. July 8, 2007. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved July 11, 2007.
  8. ^ "Cristo Corcovado by Sergi Lla on Prezi". Prezi.com. Retrieved October 15, 2015.
  9. ^ a b (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on March 13, 2009.
  10. ^ Victor, Duilo. "Redentor, carioca até a alma" (in Portuguese). Jornal do Brasil. Retrieved July 17, 2008.[permanent dead link]
  11. ^ "Arms Wide Open". bbc. Retrieved May 22, 2021.
  12. ^ "(Français) Paul Landowski - L'officiel sculpteur du Christ rédempteur". Retrieved February 2, 2020.
  13. ^ "Cristo Redentor: santuário carioca que virou símbolo da cidade no mundo" (in Portuguese). Prefeitura da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro. October 20, 2014.
  14. ^ "Skanska: Vi är oskyldiga till underverket". July 9, 2007.
  15. ^ "Öppna Kristusarmar som har haft skiftande betydelse - Kultur - Kristi…". Archived from the original on June 24, 2014.
  16. ^ "Cristo Redentor vai passar por restauração até junho ("Christ the Redeemer under restoration 'til June")". Estadão.
  17. ^ Moratelli, Valmir. . Último Segundo. Archived from the original on April 4, 2010. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
  18. ^ "Cristo Redentor renovado para 2010" (PDF). Rio de Janeiro Government. December 2010.[permanent dead link]
  19. ^ "Lightning breaks finger off Rio's Christ". The Age. January 2014.
  20. ^ "Vandals cover Rio's Christ statue with graffiti". Reuters. April 16, 2010.
  21. ^ Tabak, Bernardo. "Estátua do Cristo Redentor é alvo de pichação". Globo.
  22. ^ Infosur hoy: Christ the Redeemer to get new outfit July 14, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  23. ^ "Pirelli e le metamorfosi della pubblicità". Corriere Della Sera. Retrieved September 19, 2018.
  24. ^ Squires, Nick (June 9, 2014). . Telegraph. Archived from the original on September 6, 2019. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
  25. ^ a b c "Brazil's Christ state returns after renovation". BBC News. July 1, 2010. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
  26. ^ Christ the Redeemer se la come, YouTube video, accessed January 20, 2011.
  27. ^ . Veja Rio. May 18, 2010. Archived from the original on January 27, 2010. Retrieved May 18, 2010.
  28. ^ Bowater, Donna; Mulvey, Stephen; Misra, Tanvi (March 10, 2014). "Arms wide open". BBC Online. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
  29. ^ "Tourism » Rosario, Batangas". July 18, 2022. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
  30. ^ Gatra, Sandro (August 24, 2014). "Presiden Resmikan Patung Yesus Kristus di Pulau Mansinam – Kompas.com Regional". Regional.kompas.com. Retrieved October 15, 2015.
  31. ^ "Explore 'Seven Wonders of the World' at Eco Park near Kolkata". Hindustan Times. August 22, 2016.
  32. ^ "Jesus Christ Statue in Klin". Slovakia.Travel. December 27, 2023.

Further reading edit

  • Blanes, Ruy Llera (2014). "Review: Giumbelli, Emerson (2014), Símbolos Religiosos em Controvérsia. São Paulo: Terceiro Nome". Vibrant: Virtual Brazilian Anthropology (in Portuguese). 11 (2): 470–472. doi:10.1590/S1809-43412014000200016. ISSN 1809-4341.
  • Giumbelli, Emerson (2008). "A modernidade do Cristo Redentor". Dados (in Portuguese). 51 (1): 75–105. doi:10.1590/S0011-52582008000100003. ISSN 0011-5258.
  • Giumbelli, Emerson & Bosisio, Izabella (2010). "A Política de um Monumento: as Muitas Imagens do Cristo Redentor". Debates do NER (in Portuguese). 2 (18): 173–192. doi:10.22456/1982-8136.17638. hdl:10183/187720. ISSN 1982-8136.
  • Giumbelli, Emerson (2013). "O Cristo Pichado". Ponto Urbe. Revista do Núcleo de Antropologia Urbana da USP (in Portuguese) (12). doi:10.4000/pontourbe.586. ISSN 1981-3341.
  • Ranquetat-Júnior, Cesar Alberto (2012). Laicidade à brasileira: um estudo sobre a controvérsia em torno da presença de símbolos religiosos em espaços públicos (Doutorado em Antropologia Social) (in Portuguese). UFRGS. 310 pp. hdl:10183/54437.
  • Ranquetat-Júnior, Cesar Alberto (2015). "Giumbelli, Emerson. Símbolos Religiosos em Controvérsia. São Paulo: Terceiro Nome, 2014". Debates do NER (in Portuguese). 1 (27): 429–437. doi:10.22456/1982-8136.56490. ISSN 1982-8136.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cristo Redentor (Rio de Janeiro).

April 26, 2024
christ, redeemer, statue, other, statues, christ, redeemer, disambiguation, sculpture, christ, redeemer, portuguese, cristo, redentor, standardbrazilian, portuguese, ˈkɾistu, ʁedẽˈtoʁ, deco, statue, jesus, christ, janeiro, brazil, created, french, polish, scul. For other statues see Christ the Redeemer disambiguation Sculpture Christ the Redeemer Portuguese Cristo Redentor standardBrazilian Portuguese ˈkɾistu ʁedẽˈtoʁ is an Art Deco statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro Brazil created by French Polish sculptor Paul Landowski and built by Brazilian engineer Heitor da Silva Costa in collaboration with French engineer Albert Caquot Romanian sculptor Gheorghe Leonida sculpted the face Constructed between 1922 and 1931 the statue is 30 metres 98 ft high excluding its 8 metre 26 ft pedestal The arms stretch 28 metres 92 ft wide 1 2 It is made of reinforced concrete and soapstone 3 4 5 Christ The Redeemer differs considerably from its original design as the initial plan was a large Christ with a globe in one hand and a cross in the other Although the project organisers originally accepted the design it later changed to the statue of today with the arms spread out wide Christ the RedeemerCristo RedentorThe statue in 202222 57 7 S 43 12 38 W 22 95194 S 43 21056 W 22 95194 43 21056LocationCorcovado mountain Rio de Janeiro BrazilDesignerDesigned by sculptors Paul Landowski and Heitor da Silva Costa and built by engineer Heitor da Silva Costa in collaboration with Albert Caquot Sculptor Gheorghe Leonida created the faceMaterialReinforced concrete with soapstone veneerWidth28 metres 92 ft Height30 metres 98 ft 38 metres 125 ft with its pedestalCompletion dateDedicated October 13 1931 92 years ago October 13 1931 Consecrated October 12 2006New Seven Wonders of the World July 7 2007National Historic Heritage of BrazilDesignated2001Reference no 1478 The statue weighs 635 metric tons 625 long 700 short tons and is located at the peak of the 700 metre 2 300 ft Corcovado mountain in the Tijuca National Park overlooking the city of Rio de Janeiro This statue is the largest Art Deco style sculpture in the world 6 A symbol of Christianity around the world the statue has also become a cultural icon of both Rio de Janeiro and Brazil and was voted one of the New 7 Wonders of the World 7 Contents 1 History 2 Restoration 3 Similar structures 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksHistory edit nbsp A view of the Corcovado before the construction 19th century nbsp The Christ in the 1930s nbsp The statue lit in the colors of the Flag of Brazil Vincentian priest Pedro Maria Boss first suggested placing a Christian monument on Mount Corcovado in the mid 1850s to honor Princess Isabel regent of Brazil and the daughter of Emperor Pedro II but the project was not approved 1 In 1889 the country became a republic and owing to the separation of church and state the proposed statue was dismissed 8 The Catholic Circle of Rio made a second proposal for a landmark statue on the mountain in 1920 9 The group organized an event called Semana do Monumento Monument Week to attract donations and collect signatures to support the building of the statue The organization was motivated by what they perceived as Godlessness in the society The donations came mostly from Brazilian Catholics 3 The designs considered for the Statue of the Christ included a representation of the Christian cross a statue of Jesus with a globe in his hands and a pedestal symbolizing the world 10 The statue of Christ the Redeemer with open arms a symbol of peace was chosen Local engineer Heitor da Silva Costa and artist Carlos Oswald designed the statue 11 French sculptor Paul Landowski created the work 12 In 1922 Landowski commissioned fellow Parisian Romanian sculptor Gheorghe Leonida who studied sculpture at the Fine Arts Conservatory in Bucharest and in Italy 13 A group of engineers and technicians studied Landowski s submissions and felt building the structure of reinforced concrete designed by Albert Caquot instead of steel was more suitable for the cross shaped statue The concrete making up the base was supplied from Limhamn Sweden 14 15 The outer layers are soapstone chosen for its enduring qualities and ease of use 4 Construction took nine years from 1922 to 1931 and cost the equivalent of US 250 000 equivalent to 4 300 000 in 2023 and the monument opened on October 12 1931 4 5 During the opening ceremony the statue was to be lit by a battery of floodlights turned on remotely by Italian shortwave radio inventor Guglielmo Marconi stationed 9 200 kilometres 5 700 mi away in Rome but because of bad weather the lights were activated on site 9 In October 2006 on the 75th anniversary of the statue s completion Cardinal Eusebio Oscar Scheid Archbishop of Rio consecrated a chapel named after Brazil s patron saint Our Lady of the Apparition under the statue allowing Catholics to hold baptisms and weddings there 5 Lightning struck the statue during a violent thunderstorm on February 10 2008 causing some damage to the fingers head and eyebrows The Rio de Janeiro state government initiated a restoration effort to replace some of the outer soapstone layers and repair the lightning rods on the statue Lightning damaged it again on January 17 2014 dislodging a finger on the right hand 16 17 18 19 In 2010 a massive restoration of the statue began Work included cleaning replacing the mortar and soapstone on the exterior restoring iron in the internal structure and waterproofing the monument Vandals attacked the statue during renovation spraying paint along the arm Mayor Eduardo Paes called the act a crime against the nation The culprits later apologized and presented themselves to the police 20 21 22 In reference to Brazil striker Ronaldo s usual goal celebration of both arms outstretched the Pirelli tyre company ran a 1998 commercial in which he replaced the statue while in an Inter Milan strip 23 The commercial was controversial with the Catholic Church 24 Restoration edit nbsp A panoramic view of the statue at the top of Corcovado Mountain with Sugarloaf Mountain centre and Guanabara Bay in the background nbsp Christ the Redeemer aerial view with Tijuca Forest nbsp Christ the Redeemer atop Corcovado with Sugarloaf Mountain in background In 1990 several organizations including the Archdiocese of Rio de Janeiro media company Grupo Globo oil company Shell do Brasil environmental regulator of IBAMA National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage and the city government of Rio de Janeiro entered into an agreement to conduct restoration work More work on the statue and its environs was conducted in 2003 and early 2010 In 2003 a set of escalators walkways and elevators were installed to facilitate access to the platform surrounding the statue The four month restoration in 2010 25 focused on the statue itself The statue s internal structure was renovated and its soapstone mosaic covering was restored by removing a crust of fungi and other microorganisms and repairing small cracks The lightning rods located in the statue s head and arms were also repaired and new lighting fixtures were installed at the foot of the statue 26 The restoration involved one hundred people and used more than 60 000 pieces of stone taken from the same quarry as the original statue 25 During the unveiling of the restored statue it was illuminated with green and yellow lighting in support of the Brazil national football team playing in the 2010 FIFA World Cup 25 Maintenance work needs to be conducted periodically because of the strong winds and erosion to which the statue is exposed as well as lightning strikes 27 The original pale stone is no longer available in sufficient quantity and replacement stones are increasingly darker in hue 28 nbsp Approximate heights of various notable statues Statue of Unity 240 m 790 ft incl 58 m 190 ft base Spring Temple Buddha 153 m 502 ft incl 25 m 82 ft pedestal and 20 m 66 ft throne Statue of Liberty Liberty Enlightening the World 93 m 305 ft incl 47 m 154 ft pedestal The Motherland Calls 87 m 285 ft incl 2 m 6 ft 7 in pedestal Christ the Redeemer 38 m 125 ft incl 8 m 26 ft pedestal Michelangelo s David 5 17 m 17 0 ft excl 2 5 m 8 ft 2 in plinth Similar structures editThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Christ the Redeemer statue news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message Christ the Protector in Encantado Rio Grande do Sul Brazil 43 m Christ the Redeemer in Rio Verde Goias Brazil Christ in the Mount in Pitangui Minas Gerais Brazil Risen Christ statue on top of Tombol Hill in Rosario Batangas Philippines 29 Cristo del Otero in Palencia Spain built in 1930 21 m Sacred Heart of Jesus Monument in Oviedo Spain built in 1980 30 m Cristo Rey located on the Cerro del Cubilete in Guanajuato Mexico inspired by Rio s Christ the Redeemer 23 m Cristo Rey in Tenancingo Mexico Mexico 30 m Christ Blessing in Manado North Sulawesi Indonesia 30 m Christ of Havana in Havana Cuba inspired by Christ the Redeemer 20 m Christ of the Abyss in various underwater locations Christ of the Ozarks in Arkansas United States inspired by Rio s Christ the Redeemer 20 m Christ of Vũng Tau in Vietnam 32 m Christ the King in Swiebodzin Poland 33 m Christ the Redeemer of the Andes Argentina Chile Christ the Sacred Heart of Jesus Ibiza Spain inspired by Christ the Redeemer 23 m Cristo Blanco in Cusco Peru Cristo de la Concordia in Cochabamba Bolivia 34 m Cristo de las Noas in Torreon Mexico 22 m Cristo del Pacifico in Lima Peru erected in 2011 37 m Patung Yesus Kristus 30 in Mansinam Island West Papua Indonesia 30 m Cristo Redentore Christ the Redeemer of Maratea Italy 21 m Cristo Rei Christ the King in Almada Portugal 28 m Cristo Rei of Dili in Dili Timor Leste 27 m Cristo Rei Madeira on Madeira island completed in 1927 15 m Cristo Rei in Lubango Angola 14 m Statue of Cristo Luz in Balneario Camboriu Santa Catarina Brazil Statue of Jesus Christ on the top of Sagrat Cor Barcelona Spain Tas Salvatur in Gozo Malta 12 m Statue of Jesus Christ Monte Urgull Donostia San Sebastian Spain 12 m Jesus de Greatest in Imo Nigeria Africa s tallest statue of Jesus and fifth tallest statue on the continent 8 53 m Christ at El Picacho in Tegucigalpa Honduras Cristo Redentor Puerto Plata Dominican Republic Christ the King in Lebanon Another imitation statue of Christ the Redeemer is at Nellore Andhra Pradesh India Shrish Patil Imitation at St Joseph Shrine Vizhinjam near Trivandrum Kerala India Imitation at Ecopark Kolkata India 31 Christ the Redeemer of Malacca is on the Portuguese Settlement Square in Melaka Malaysia 20 tall Cristo Rey in Cali Colombia 26 m Cristo Rey by Urbici Soler in Sunland Park New Mexico 8 83 m Cristo Redentor in Barranca Province Lima Region Peru Cristo Rey Tijuanense at Iglesia de San Martin de Porres near Colonia Los Alamos Tijuana Baja California Mexico 23 m 30 cm Statue of Jesus Christ Klin Slovakia 9 5 m 32 There is also a statue in Yungay Peru Gallery edit nbsp Access escalators nbsp Christ the Redeemer after restoration nbsp Christ the Redeemer with the Moon in the background nbsp Christ the Redeemer at night nbsp Corcovado and Christ the Redeemer as seen from Sugarloaf Mountain nbsp Corcovado and Christ the Redeemer as seen from Sugarloaf Mountain during sunsetSee also editList of statues of Jesus List of tallest statuesReferences edit a b Murray Lorraine Christ the Redeemer last updated 13 January 2014 Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved July 11 2014 Giumbelli Emerson 2014 Simbolos Religiosos em Controversia in Portuguese Sao Paulo 244 ISBN 978 85 7816 137 8 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link a b Christ the Redeemer Time October 26 1931 Archived from the original on September 30 2007 Retrieved July 11 2007 a b c Brazil Crocovado mountain Statue of Christ Travel Channel Archived from the original on May 16 2007 Retrieved July 7 2007 a b c Sanctuary Status for Rio landmark BBC News October 13 2006 Retrieved July 7 2007 Asare Daniel August 14 2023 Christ the Redeemer last updated September 14 2023 Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved September 15 2023 The New Seven Wonders of the World Hindustan Times July 8 2007 Archived from the original on September 30 2007 Retrieved July 11 2007 Cristo Corcovado by Sergi Lla on Prezi Prezi com Retrieved October 15 2015 a b Cristo Redentor Historico da Construcao in Portuguese Archived from the original on March 13 2009 Victor Duilo Redentor carioca ate a alma in Portuguese Jornal do Brasil Retrieved July 17 2008 permanent dead link Arms Wide Open bbc Retrieved May 22 2021 Francais Paul Landowski L officiel sculpteur du Christ redempteur Retrieved February 2 2020 Cristo Redentor santuario carioca que virou simbolo da cidade no mundo in Portuguese Prefeitura da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro October 20 2014 Skanska Vi ar oskyldiga till underverket July 9 2007 Oppna Kristusarmar som har haft skiftande betydelse Kultur Kristi Archived from the original on June 24 2014 Cristo Redentor vai passar por restauracao ate junho Christ the Redeemer under restoration til June Estadao Moratelli Valmir Cristo Redentor castigado por raios passa por ampla reforma Christ the Redeemer punished by lightnings go by ample refit Ultimo Segundo Archived from the original on April 4 2010 Retrieved April 13 2010 Cristo Redentor renovado para 2010 PDF Rio de Janeiro Government December 2010 permanent dead link Lightning breaks finger off Rio s Christ The Age January 2014 Vandals cover Rio s Christ statue with graffiti Reuters April 16 2010 Tabak Bernardo Estatua do Cristo Redentor e alvo de pichacao Globo Infosur hoy Christ the Redeemer to get new outfit Archived July 14 2014 at the Wayback Machine Pirelli e le metamorfosi della pubblicita Corriere Della Sera Retrieved September 19 2018 Squires Nick June 9 2014 World Cup 2014 Brazil furious over Christ the Redeemer statue in Rio de Janeiro in Italian football colours Telegraph Archived from the original on September 6 2019 Retrieved October 20 2020 a b c Brazil s Christ state returns after renovation BBC News July 1 2010 Retrieved July 1 2010 Christ the Redeemer se la come YouTube video accessed January 20 2011 Reforma no cartao postal Veja Rio May 18 2010 Archived from the original on January 27 2010 Retrieved May 18 2010 Bowater Donna Mulvey Stephen Misra Tanvi March 10 2014 Arms wide open BBC Online Retrieved December 2 2014 Tourism Rosario Batangas July 18 2022 Retrieved March 7 2024 Gatra Sandro August 24 2014 Presiden Resmikan Patung Yesus Kristus di Pulau Mansinam Kompas com Regional Regional kompas com Retrieved October 15 2015 Explore Seven Wonders of the World at Eco Park near Kolkata Hindustan Times August 22 2016 Jesus Christ Statue in Klin Slovakia Travel December 27 2023 Further reading editBlanes Ruy Llera 2014 Review Giumbelli Emerson 2014 Simbolos Religiosos em Controversia Sao Paulo Terceiro Nome Vibrant Virtual Brazilian Anthropology in Portuguese 11 2 470 472 doi 10 1590 S1809 43412014000200016 ISSN 1809 4341 Giumbelli Emerson 2008 A modernidade do Cristo Redentor Dados in Portuguese 51 1 75 105 doi 10 1590 S0011 52582008000100003 ISSN 0011 5258 Giumbelli Emerson amp Bosisio Izabella 2010 A Politica de um Monumento as Muitas Imagens do Cristo Redentor Debates do NER in Portuguese 2 18 173 192 doi 10 22456 1982 8136 17638 hdl 10183 187720 ISSN 1982 8136 Giumbelli Emerson 2013 O Cristo Pichado Ponto Urbe Revista do Nucleo de Antropologia Urbana da USP in Portuguese 12 doi 10 4000 pontourbe 586 ISSN 1981 3341 Ranquetat Junior Cesar Alberto 2012 Laicidade a brasileira um estudo sobre a controversia em torno da presenca de simbolos religiosos em espacos publicos Doutorado em Antropologia Social in Portuguese UFRGS 310 pp hdl 10183 54437 Ranquetat Junior Cesar Alberto 2015 Giumbelli Emerson Simbolos Religiosos em Controversia Sao Paulo Terceiro Nome 2014 Debates do NER in Portuguese 1 27 429 437 doi 10 22456 1982 8136 56490 ISSN 1982 8136 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cristo Redentor Rio de Janeiro Official website Corcovado Train Map in Portuguese Poliakoff Martyn Soapstone Cristo Redentor The Periodic Table of Videos University of Nottingham Map in Portuguese Sanctuary of Christ the Redeemer at Google Cultural Institute Portals nbsp Brazil nbsp Catholicism nbsp Christianity nbsp Architecture Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Christ the Redeemer statue amp oldid 1213584547, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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