"Emerald dove" redirects here. For other species and the emerald dove genus, see Chalcophaps.
The emerald dove or common emerald dove (Chalcophaps indica), also called Asian emerald dove and grey-capped emerald dove, is a widespread resident breeding pigeon native to the tropical and subtropical parts of the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. The dove is also known by the names of green dove and green-winged pigeon. The common emerald dove is the state bird of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The Pacific emerald dove and Stephan's emerald dove were both considered conspecific.
In 1743, the English naturalist George Edwards included a picture and a description of the common emerald dove in his A Natural History of Uncommon Birds. He used the English name "Green Wing'd Dove". His drawing was made from a live bird at the home a merchant in Rotherhithe near London. Edwards was told that the dove had come from the East Indies.[2] When in 1758 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the tenth edition, he placed the common emerald dove with all the other pigeons in the genusColumba. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial nameColumba indica and cited Edwards's work.[3] The specific epithetindica is Latin for "Indian" and is used by Linnaeus to denote the East Indies.[4] The species is now placed in the genus Chalcophaps that was introduced by the English ornithologist John Gould in 1843.[5][6]
C. i. minima Hartert, 1931 – Numfor, Biak and Mios Num islands (off north New Guinea)
Descriptionedit
Male emerald doveEmerald dove in Sime Forest, Singapore
The common emerald dove is a stocky, medium-sized pigeon, typically 23–27 cm (9.1–10.6 in) in length.[7] The back and wings are bright emerald green. The flight feathers and tail are blackish, and broad black and white bars show on the lower back in flight. The head and underparts are dark vinous pink, fading to greyish on the lower belly. The eyes are dark brown, the bill bright red and legs and feet rufous. The male has a white patch on the edge of the shoulders and a grey crown, which the female lacks. Females will tend to have a browner complexion with a grey mark on the shoulder. Immature birds resemble females but have brown scallops on their body and wing plumage.
Emerald doves usually occur singly, pairs or in small groups.[9] They are quite terrestrial, often searching for fallen fruit on the ground and spending little time in trees except when roosting. They eat seeds and fruits of a wide variety of plants and are generally tame and approachable. They are rare and are usually found foraging in small groups or pairs. If there's a resource rich area, small groups will maintain a territory. Its flight is fast and direct, with the regular beats and an occasional sharp flick of the wings which are characteristic of pigeons in general. It often flies low between the patches of dense forest it prefers, but when disturbed will frequently walk away rather than fly. They are particularly good weavers when flying through forests. When flying they expose a buff underwing and a chestnut colour of their flight feathers.
The call is a low soft moaning cooing consisting of about six to seven coos starting quietly and rising. They also call a nasal "hoo-hoo-hoon". Males perform a bobbing dance during courtship.[10]
Referencesedit
^BirdLife International (2016). "Chalcophaps indica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22725538A94895385. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22725538A94895385.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
^Edwards, George (1743). A Natural History of Uncommon Birds. London: Printed for the author, at the College of Physicians. p. 14, Plate 14.
^Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii. p. 164.
^Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 204. ISBN978-1-4081-2501-4.
^Gould, John (1843). The Birds of Australia. Vol. 5. London: self published. Plate 62 and text.
^ abGill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (2020). "Pigeons". IOC World Bird List Version 10.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
^ abBaptista, L.F.; Trail, P.W.; Horblit, H.M.; Kirwan, G.M.; Garcia, E.F.J.; Boesman, P. (2020). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Grey-capped Emerald Dove (Chalcophaps indica)". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
^Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Anderton, John C. (2012). Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Washington D.C. and Barcelona: Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History and Lynx Edicions. pp. 211–212. ISBN978-84-96553-87-3.
^Nicolls, Martina (27 April 2019). "Common Emerald Dove". SIMILAR BUT DIFFERENT IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chalcophaps indica.
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Xeno-canto: audio recordings of the common emerald dove
January 01, 1970
common, emerald, dove, emerald, dove, redirects, here, other, species, emerald, dove, genus, chalcophaps, emerald, dove, common, emerald, dove, chalcophaps, indica, also, called, asian, emerald, dove, grey, capped, emerald, dove, widespread, resident, breeding. Emerald dove redirects here For other species and the emerald dove genus see Chalcophaps The emerald dove or common emerald dove Chalcophaps indica also called Asian emerald dove and grey capped emerald dove is a widespread resident breeding pigeon native to the tropical and subtropical parts of the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia The dove is also known by the names of green dove and green winged pigeon The common emerald dove is the state bird of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu The Pacific emerald dove and Stephan s emerald dove were both considered conspecific Common emerald dove Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Columbiformes Family Columbidae Genus Chalcophaps Species C indica Binomial name Chalcophaps indica Linnaeus 1758 Subspecies See text Synonyms Columba indica Linnaeus 1758 Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Behaviour and ecology 5 References 6 External linksTaxonomy editIn 1743 the English naturalist George Edwards included a picture and a description of the common emerald dove in his A Natural History of Uncommon Birds He used the English name Green Wing d Dove His drawing was made from a live bird at the home a merchant in Rotherhithe near London Edwards was told that the dove had come from the East Indies 2 When in 1758 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the tenth edition he placed the common emerald dove with all the other pigeons in the genus Columba Linnaeus included a brief description coined the binomial name Columba indica and cited Edwards s work 3 The specific epithet indica is Latin for Indian and is used by Linnaeus to denote the East Indies 4 The species is now placed in the genus Chalcophaps that was introduced by the English ornithologist John Gould in 1843 5 6 Six subspecies are recognised 6 C i indica Linnaeus 1758 India to south China Malaysia Philippines Indonesian and west Papuan islands C i robinsoni Baker ECS 1928 Sri Lanka C i maxima Hartert 1931 Andaman Islands C i augusta Bonaparte 1855 Nicobar Islands C i natalis Lister 1889 Christmas Island Indian Ocean C i minima Hartert 1931 Numfor Biak and Mios Num islands off north New Guinea Description edit nbsp Male emerald dove nbsp Emerald dove in Sime Forest Singapore The common emerald dove is a stocky medium sized pigeon typically 23 27 cm 9 1 10 6 in in length 7 The back and wings are bright emerald green The flight feathers and tail are blackish and broad black and white bars show on the lower back in flight The head and underparts are dark vinous pink fading to greyish on the lower belly The eyes are dark brown the bill bright red and legs and feet rufous The male has a white patch on the edge of the shoulders and a grey crown which the female lacks Females will tend to have a browner complexion with a grey mark on the shoulder Immature birds resemble females but have brown scallops on their body and wing plumage Distribution and habitat editThis is a common species in tropical forests and similar dense wet woodlands farms and mangroves 7 8 It builds a scant stick nest in a tree up to five metres and lays two cream coloured eggs Behaviour and ecology editEmerald doves usually occur singly pairs or in small groups 9 They are quite terrestrial often searching for fallen fruit on the ground and spending little time in trees except when roosting They eat seeds and fruits of a wide variety of plants and are generally tame and approachable They are rare and are usually found foraging in small groups or pairs If there s a resource rich area small groups will maintain a territory Its flight is fast and direct with the regular beats and an occasional sharp flick of the wings which are characteristic of pigeons in general It often flies low between the patches of dense forest it prefers but when disturbed will frequently walk away rather than fly They are particularly good weavers when flying through forests When flying they expose a buff underwing and a chestnut colour of their flight feathers nbsp In flight at Chitwan National Park Nepal The call is a low soft moaning cooing consisting of about six to seven coos starting quietly and rising They also call a nasal hoo hoo hoon Males perform a bobbing dance during courtship 10 References edit BirdLife International 2016 Chalcophaps indica IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T22725538A94895385 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 3 RLTS T22725538A94895385 en Retrieved 19 November 2021 Edwards George 1743 A Natural History of Uncommon Birds London Printed for the author at the College of Physicians p 14 Plate 14 Linnaeus Carl 1758 Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes ordines genera species cum characteribus differentiis synonymis locis in Latin Vol 1 10th ed Holmiae Laurentii Salvii p 164 Jobling James A 2010 The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names London Christopher Helm p 204 ISBN 978 1 4081 2501 4 Gould John 1843 The Birds of Australia Vol 5 London self published Plate 62 and text a b Gill Frank Donsker David Rasmussen Pamela eds 2020 Pigeons IOC World Bird List Version 10 1 International Ornithologists Union Retrieved 18 March 2020 a b Baptista L F Trail P W Horblit H M Kirwan G M Garcia E F J Boesman P 2020 del Hoyo J Elliott A Sargatal J Christie D A de Juana E eds Grey capped Emerald Dove Chalcophaps indica Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive Lynx Edicions Retrieved 18 March 2020 Rasmussen Pamela C Anderton John C 2012 Birds of South Asia The Ripley Guide Vol 2 2nd ed Washington D C and Barcelona Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History and Lynx Edicions pp 211 212 ISBN 978 84 96553 87 3 Nicolls Martina 27 April 2019 Common Emerald Dove SIMILAR BUT DIFFERENT IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM Jennifer Brown September 21 2010 Husbandry Guidelines For the Emeralld Dove Chalcophaps indica Western Sydney Institute of TAFE Grimmett Birds of India Inskipp and Inskipp ISBN 0 691 04910 6External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chalcophaps indica nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Chalcophaps indica Xeno canto audio recordings of the common emerald dove Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Common emerald dove amp oldid 1214533625, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
