The birdgenusColumba comprises a group of medium to large pigeons. The terms "dove" and "pigeon" are used indiscriminately for smaller and larger Columbidae, respectively. Columba species – at least those of Columba sensu stricto – are generally termed "pigeons", and in many cases wood-pigeons. The rock dove (C. livia) has given rise to the majority of domesticated pigeon breeds, such as the racing pigeon and the fantail pigeon, some of which have become feral. Meanwhile, "wood pigeon" by itself usually means the common wood pigeon (C. palumbus).
AplopeliaBonaparte, 1855 (but see text) Trocaza Bonaparte, 1854
This genus as understood today is native to the Old World, but some – notably the domestic and feral rock pigeon – have been introduced outside their natural range, for example in the Americas.
The term columba comes from the Latincolumba, "a dove",[1] the feminine form of columbus, "a male dove",[2] itself the latinisation of the Greek κόλυμβος (kolumbos), "diver",[3] which derives from the verb κολυμβάω (kolumbaō), "to dive, plunge headlong, swim".[4] The feminine form of kolumbos, κολυμβίς (kolumbis), "diver",[5] was the name applied by Aristophanes and others to the common rock pigeons of Greece, because of the "swimming" motion made by their wings when flying.[6]
The American pigeons formerly in Columba are now split off as a separate genus Patagioenas again. That the American radiation constitutes a distinct lineage is borne out by molecular evidence; in fact, the Patagioenas "pigeons" are basal to the split between the Columba "pigeons" and the Streptopelia "doves". The typical pigeons together with Streptopelia and the minor Nesoenas and Stigmatopelia lineages constitute the dominant evolutionary radiation of Columbidae in temperateEurasia, though they also occur in tropical regions. The taxonomic status of some African pigeons presently placed here is in need of further study; they are smaller than the usual Columba (and hence often called "doves"), and differ in some other aspects. They might be separable as genus Aplopelia. That notwithstanding, the lineage of the typical pigeons probably diverged from its closest relatives in the Late Miocene, perhaps some 7-8 million years ago (Ma).[9][10]
Lemon dove, Columba larvata – sometimes placed in Aplopelia
A fossil species, C. omnisanctorum, was described from the Early Pliocene (5.3-3.6 Ma) of the Gargano Peninsula and surroundings, Italy. A supposed "falcon" fossil from nearby contemporary and Middle Pliocene (3.6-2.6 Ma) sites may either be of the same species or another pigeon; the name Columba pisana would apply for it or (if conspecific) for both. C. melitensis is a fossil pigeon from the Late Pleistocene of Malta. Only known from a coracoid described by Richard Lydekker in 1891, whether it is indeed distinct from the living species and not just a paleosubspecies needs to be studied, given its late age. Indeterminate remains of a Columba were also found in Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene (ELMMZ MN 17) deposits at Varshets (Bulgaria) and Šandalja (Croatia).[12]
Another prehistoric pigeon, C. congi, was described from Early Pleistocene remains found in the famous Zhoukoudian caves in China. This, too, needs to be studied regarding whether it is not just an ancestral population of a still-living species. An extinct pigeon, the Mauritian wood pigeon (Columba thiriouxi), was described in 2011. The validity of the species has been challenged and it is not generally recognised. The holotype is a right tarsometatarsus collected in 1910.[13]
Referencesedit
^columba, Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, on Perseus
^columbus, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
^κόλυμβος, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
^κολυμβάω, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
^κολυμβίς, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
^Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 162.
^Vigors, Nicholas Aylward (1825). "Observations on the natural affinities that connect the orders and families of birds". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 14 (3): 395–517 [481]. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1823.tb00098.x.
^Johnson, K.P.; De Kort, S.; Dinwoodey, K.; Mateman, A.C.; Ten Cate, C.; Lessells, C.M.; Clayton, D.H. (2001). "A molecular phylogeny of the dove genera Streptopelia and Columba". Auk. 118 (4): 874–887. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2001)118[0874:AMPOTD]2.0.CO;2. hdl:20.500.11755/a92515bb-c1c6-4c0e-ae9a-849936c41ca2.
^Cheke, Anthony S. (2005). "Naming segregates from the Columba–Streptopelia pigeons following DNA studies on phylogeny". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 125 (4): 293–295.
^Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (2020). "Pigeons". IOC World Bird List Version 10.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
^del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E., eds. (2020). "Mauritius Woodpigeon (Columba thiriouxi)". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. doi:10.2173/bow.mauwop1.01. S2CID 243501558. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
Sourcesedit
Mlíkovský, Jirí (2002): Cenozoic Birds of the World, Part 1: Europe. Ninox Press, Prague. ISBN80-901105-3-8
February 15, 2024
columba, bird, bird, genus, columba, comprises, group, medium, large, pigeons, terms, dove, pigeon, used, indiscriminately, smaller, larger, columbidae, respectively, columba, species, least, those, columba, sensu, stricto, generally, termed, pigeons, many, ca. The bird genus Columba comprises a group of medium to large pigeons The terms dove and pigeon are used indiscriminately for smaller and larger Columbidae respectively Columba species at least those of Columba sensu stricto are generally termed pigeons and in many cases wood pigeons The rock dove C livia has given rise to the majority of domesticated pigeon breeds such as the racing pigeon and the fantail pigeon some of which have become feral Meanwhile wood pigeon by itself usually means the common wood pigeon C palumbus ColumbaCommon wood pigeon C palumbus in Taormina SicilyScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesOrder ColumbiformesFamily ColumbidaeSubfamily ColumbinaeGenus ColumbaLinnaeus 1758Type speciesColumba oenas stock dove Linnaeus 1758Diversity33 35 speciesSynonymsAplopelia Bonaparte 1855 but see text Trocaza Bonaparte 1854This genus as understood today is native to the Old World but some notably the domestic and feral rock pigeon have been introduced outside their natural range for example in the Americas Contents 1 Etymology 2 Taxonomy 2 1 Species 3 References 4 SourcesEtymology editThe term columba comes from the Latin columba a dove 1 the feminine form of columbus a male dove 2 itself the latinisation of the Greek kolymbos kolumbos diver 3 which derives from the verb kolymbaw kolumbaō to dive plunge headlong swim 4 The feminine form of kolumbos kolymbis kolumbis diver 5 was the name applied by Aristophanes and others to the common rock pigeons of Greece because of the swimming motion made by their wings when flying 6 Taxonomy editThe genus Columba was introduced by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae 7 The type species was designated as the stock dove Columba oenas by Irish zoologist Nicholas Aylward Vigors in 1825 8 The American pigeons formerly in Columba are now split off as a separate genus Patagioenas again That the American radiation constitutes a distinct lineage is borne out by molecular evidence in fact the Patagioenas pigeons are basal to the split between the Columba pigeons and the Streptopelia doves The typical pigeons together with Streptopelia and the minor Nesoenas and Stigmatopelia lineages constitute the dominant evolutionary radiation of Columbidae in temperate Eurasia though they also occur in tropical regions The taxonomic status of some African pigeons presently placed here is in need of further study they are smaller than the usual Columba and hence often called doves and differ in some other aspects They might be separable as genus Aplopelia That notwithstanding the lineage of the typical pigeons probably diverged from its closest relatives in the Late Miocene perhaps some 7 8 million years ago Ma 9 10 Species edit nbsp African olive pigeon C arquatrix nbsp Nilgiri wood pigeon C elphinstonii nbsp The extinct Lord Howe pigeon C vitiensis godmanae is known only from some travellers reportsThere are 35 species recognised in the genus of which two are extinct 11 Rock dove Columba livia Hill pigeon Columba rupestris Snow pigeon Columba leuconota Speckled pigeon Columba guinea White collared pigeon Columba albitorques Stock dove Columba oenas Yellow eyed pigeon Columba eversmanni Somali pigeon Columba oliviae Common wood pigeon or wood pigeon Columba palumbus Trocaz pigeon Columba trocaz Bolle s pigeon Columba bollii Laurel pigeon Columba junoniae Afep pigeon Columba unicincta African olive pigeon Columba arquatrix Cameroon olive pigeon Columba sjostedti Sao Tome olive pigeon Columba thomensis Comoro olive pigeon Columba pollenii Speckled wood pigeon Columba hodgsonii White naped pigeon Columba albinucha Ashy wood pigeon Columba pulchricollis Nilgiri wood pigeon Columba elphinstonii Sri Lanka wood pigeon Columba torringtoniae Pale capped pigeon Columba punicea Silvery pigeon Columba argentina thought to be extinct rediscovered in 2008 Andaman wood pigeon Columba palumboides Black wood pigeon or Japanese wood pigeon Columba janthina Bonin wood pigeon Columba versicolor extinct c 1890 Ryukyu wood pigeon Columba jouyi extinct late 1930s Metallic pigeon or white throated pigeon Columba vitiensis White headed pigeon Columba leucomela Yellow legged pigeon Columba pallidiceps Eastern bronze naped pigeon Columba delegorguei Western bronze naped pigeon Columba iriditorques Island bronze naped pigeon Columba malherbii Lemon dove Columba larvata sometimes placed in AplopeliaA fossil species C omnisanctorum was described from the Early Pliocene 5 3 3 6 Ma of the Gargano Peninsula and surroundings Italy A supposed falcon fossil from nearby contemporary and Middle Pliocene 3 6 2 6 Ma sites may either be of the same species or another pigeon the name Columba pisana would apply for it or if conspecific for both C melitensis is a fossil pigeon from the Late Pleistocene of Malta Only known from a coracoid described by Richard Lydekker in 1891 whether it is indeed distinct from the living species and not just a paleosubspecies needs to be studied given its late age Indeterminate remains of a Columba were also found in Late Pliocene Early Pleistocene ELMMZ MN 17 deposits at Varshets Bulgaria and Sandalja Croatia 12 Another prehistoric pigeon C congi was described from Early Pleistocene remains found in the famous Zhoukoudian caves in China This too needs to be studied regarding whether it is not just an ancestral population of a still living species An extinct pigeon the Mauritian wood pigeon Columba thiriouxi was described in 2011 The validity of the species has been challenged and it is not generally recognised The holotype is a right tarsometatarsus collected in 1910 13 References edit columba Charlton T Lewis Charles Short A Latin Dictionary on Perseus columbus Henry George Liddell Robert Scott A Greek English Lexicon on Perseus kolymbos Henry George Liddell Robert Scott A Greek English Lexicon on Perseus kolymbaw Henry George Liddell Robert Scott A Greek English Lexicon on Perseus kolymbis Henry George Liddell Robert Scott A Greek English Lexicon on Perseus Aristophanes Birds 304 on Perseus Linnaeus Carl 1758 Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes ordines genera species cum characteribus differentiis synonymis locis in Latin Vol 1 10th ed Holmiae Stockholm Laurentii Salvii p 162 Vigors Nicholas Aylward 1825 Observations on the natural affinities that connect the orders and families of birds Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 14 3 395 517 481 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 1823 tb00098 x Johnson K P De Kort S Dinwoodey K Mateman A C Ten Cate C Lessells C M Clayton D H 2001 A molecular phylogeny of the dove genera Streptopelia and Columba Auk 118 4 874 887 doi 10 1642 0004 8038 2001 118 0874 AMPOTD 2 0 CO 2 hdl 20 500 11755 a92515bb c1c6 4c0e ae9a 849936c41ca2 Cheke Anthony S 2005 Naming segregates from the Columba Streptopelia pigeons following DNA studies on phylogeny Bulletin of the British Ornithologists Club 125 4 293 295 Gill Frank Donsker David Rasmussen Pamela eds 2020 Pigeons IOC World Bird List Version 10 1 International Ornithologists Union Retrieved 1 March 2020 Mlikovsky 2002 pp 221 222 del Hoyo J Elliott A Sargatal J Christie D A de Juana E eds 2020 Mauritius Woodpigeon Columba thiriouxi Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive Lynx Edicions doi 10 2173 bow mauwop1 01 S2CID 243501558 Retrieved 1 March 2020 Sources editMlikovsky Jiri 2002 Cenozoic Birds of the World Part 1 Europe Ninox Press Prague ISBN 80 901105 3 8 PDF fulltext Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Columba bird amp oldid 1197207093, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
