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Wedding dress

April 12, 2024

For other uses, see Wedding dress (disambiguation) and Gown (disambiguation).

A wedding dress or bridal gown is the dress worn by the bride during a wedding ceremony. The color, style and ceremonial importance of the gown can depend on the religion and culture of the wedding participants. In Western culture, the wedding dress is most commonly white, a fashion made popular by Queen Victoria when she married in 1840. In Eastern cultures, brides often choose red to symbolize auspiciousness.

Wedding dress from 2003

Western culture edit

 
Wedding dress from 1891. Until the late 1960s wedding dresses reflected the styles of the day; since then they have often been based on Victorian styles.

Weddings performed during and immediately following the Middle Ages were often more than just a union between two people. They could be a union between two families, two businesses or even two countries. Many weddings were more a matter of politics than love, particularly among the nobility and the higher social classes. Brides were therefore expected to dress in a manner that cast their families in the most favorable light and befitted their social status, for they were not representing only themselves during the ceremony. Brides from wealthy families often wore rich colors and exclusive fabrics. It was common to see them wearing bold colors and layers of furs, velvet and silk. Brides dressed in the height of current fashion, with the richest materials their families' money could buy. The poorest of brides wore their best church dress on their wedding day. The amount and the price of material a wedding dress contained was a reflection of the bride's social standing and indicated the extent of the family's wealth to wedding guests.

Color of wedding dresses edit

The first documented instance of a princess who wore a white wedding dress for a royal wedding ceremony is that of Philippa of England, who wore a tunic with a cloak in white silk bordered with squirrel and ermine in 1406, when she married Eric of Pomerania.[1][2] Mary, Queen of Scots, wore a white wedding dress in 1559 when she married her first husband, Francis, the Dauphin of France, because it was her favorite color, although white was then the color of mourning for French queens.[3][4]

This was not a widespread trend, however: prior to the Victorian era, a bride was married in any color, black being popular in Finland.[5]

White became a popular option in 1840, after the marriage of Queen Victoria to Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, when Victoria wore a white gown trimmed with Honiton lace. Illustrations of the wedding were widely published, and many brides opted for white in accordance with the Queen's choice.[6]

Later, many people assumed that the color white was intended to symbolize virginity, though this was not the original intention: it was the color blue that was connected to purity, piety, faithfulness, and the Virgin Mary.[7]

Even after white became the dominant color, for a period, wedding dresses were adapted to the styles of the day. In the early 1900s, clothing included a lot of decorations, such as lace or frills. This was also adopted in wedding dresses, where decorative frills and lace were common. For example, in the 1920s, they were typically short in the front with a longer train in the back and were worn with cloche-style wedding veils. This tendency to follow current fashions continued until the late 1960s, when it became popular to revert to long, full-skirted designs reminiscent of the Victorian era.[citation needed]

Since the middle of the 20th century, most Western wedding dresses have usually been white,[8] though "wedding white" includes shades such as eggshell, ecru, and ivory.

White is not the universal color of wedding dresses. In Mexico, for example, red is a popular color.[citation needed]

In the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints the color white is used as a symbol of purity, innocence, and cleanliness, particularly in religious ceremonies such as baptism[9] and temple ceremonies, including weddings.[10] For weddings in the temple, white clothing is also worn by all participants during the ceremony, both men and women, to symbolize unity and equality before God.[11][12] The brides should be "white, modest in design and fabric, and free of elaborate ornamentation."[13][14]

Current fashion edit

 
A bride in a contemporary version of the traditional long white wedding dress with train, tiara and white veil.

In the early 21st century many wedding dresses on the market are sleeveless and strapless.[15][better source needed] Other brides prefer styles with sleeves, higher necklines, and covered backs.[citation needed]

Eastern culture edit

Many wedding dresses in China, India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan are red; the traditional Indian color representing good luck and auspiciousness. Vietnamese wedding dresses (in the traditional form of áo tấc the ancient Ao dai) were dark blue.

Nowadays, many women choose other colors besides red. In modern mainland Chinese weddings, the bride may opt for Western dresses of any color, and don a traditional costume for the wedding tea ceremony.

 
Qing-dynasty styled traditional Chinese wedding dress with a phoenix crown (鳳冠) headpiece still used in modern Taiwanese weddings.

In modern Taiwanese weddings, the bride generally picks red (following Chinese tradition) or white (more Western) silk for the wedding gown material, but most will wear the red traditional garment for their formal wedding banquets. Traditionally, the father of the bride is responsible for the wedding banquet hosted on the bride's side and the alcohol (specifically called "xi-jiu," confusingly the same as what the wedding banquet itself is called) consumed during both banquets. While the wedding itself is often based on the couple's choices, the wedding banquets are a symbolic gesture of "thanks" and appreciation, to those who have raised the bride and groom (such as grandparents and uncles) and those who will continue to be there to help the bride and groom in the future. Thus out of respect for the elders, wedding banquets are usually done formally and traditionally.

Red saris, lehengas, and salwar kameez are traditional garment options for brides in Indian cultures. The fabric of choice is also traditionally silk, regardless of garment type. Over time, color options and fabric choices for Indian brides have expanded. Today fabrics like crepe, Georgette, charmeuse, and satin are used, and colors have been expanded to include gold, pink, orange, maroon, brown, and yellow as well.

Traditionally, a Kurdish first-time bride would wear a red dress for her wedding to symbolize the postcoital bleeding she will experience when she loses her virginity while a Kurdish bride who used to be married before would wear pink. Today, many Kurds associate red wedding dresses with impoverished Kurdish rural society and it is no longer commonly worn.[16][17][18]

 
Japanese formal wedding dress still used today.

A Japanese wedding usually involves a traditional pure white kimono for the formal ceremony, symbolizing purity and maidenhood. The bride may change into a red kimono for the events after the ceremony for good luck.

The Javanese people of Indonesia wear a kebaya, a traditional kind of blouse, along with batik.

In the Philippines, variations of the Baro't saya adapted to the white wedding tradition are considered to be wedding attire for women, along with the Barong Tagalog for men. Various tribes and Muslim Filipinos don other forms of traditional dress during their respective ceremonies.

Native American culture edit

 
Apache bride

The indigenous peoples of the Americas have varying traditions related to weddings and thus wedding dresses. A Hopi bride traditionally had her garments woven by the groom and any men in the village who wished to participate. [19]The garments consisted of a large belt, two all-white wedding robes, a white wedding robe with red stripes at the top and bottom, white buckskin leggings and moccasins, a string for tying the hair, and a reed mat in which to wrap the outfit. This outfit also served as a shroud, since these garments would be necessary for the trip through the underworld.

A Pueblo bride wore a cotton garment tied above the right shoulder, secured with a belt around the waist.

In the traditions of the Delaware, a bride wore a knee-length skirt of deerskin and a band of wampum beads around her forehead. Except for fine beads or shell necklaces, the body was bare from the waist up. If it was a winter wedding, she wore deerskin leggings and moccasins and a robe of turkey feathers. Her face was painted with white, red, and yellow clay.

The tribes of Northern California (which include the Klamath, the Modoc, and the Yurok) had a traditional bridal dress woven in symbolic colors: white for the east, blue for the south, yellow (orange) for the west; and black for the north. Turquoise and silver jewelry were worn by both the bride and the groom in addition to a silver concho belt. Jewelry was considered a shield against evils including hunger, poverty, and bad luck.

Gallery edit

Historical Western European wedding dresses edit

Wedding dresses from different areas of the world edit

West Asian/North African dresses edit

East Asian dresses edit

  •  
    Chinese couple wearing traditional wedding hanfu
  •  
    Reenactment of the royal wedding ceremony of King Gojong and Queen Myeongseong

South Asian dresses edit

Southeast Asian dresses edit

  •  
    Khmer (Cambodian) couple dressed in traditional wedding outfits
  •  
    Vietnamese couple in traditional dress
  •  
    Couple dress in traditional Thai outfits
  •  
    Couple dressed in traditional Burmese outfits
  •  
    Bali Hindu wedding dress

Modern Western-style dresses edit

See also edit

References edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wedding dress.
  1. ^ . Ivy Bridal Studio. 3 March 2014. Archived from the original on 11 May 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2014. Princess Philippa of England is the first recorded princess to have worn white during her wedding in 1406, with her attire consisting of a tunic and cloak in white silk, but it wasn't until Queen Mary that the white dress would explode in popularity
  2. ^ . Amalfi Wedding Planner. Archived from the original on 6 May 2006.
  3. ^ . Madame Guillotine. 24 April 2011. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2014. Mary's choice of a white wedding dress was an unusual one, particularly as white was more traditionally worn by royal ladies when they were in dieul blanc mourning but in this as in other things the strong willed Mary may well have been an innovator, keen to not just impress her own taste on her wedding day (after all, she hadn't been allowed the privilege of choosing her groom) but also emphasise her virginity and show off her famously pale redheaded beauty, which would have been accentuated by a pure white dress.
  4. ^ . The Elizabeth Files. 23 August 2009. Archived from the original on 24 July 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2014. Her favourite dress colours were white and black which symbolised purity.
  5. ^ Pelo, June. "Old Marriage Customs in Finland". Sydaby.eget.net. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  6. ^ "Royal Weddings 1840-1947". Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  7. ^ Ashliman, DL (2004). Folk and Fairy Tales: A Handbook–Greenwood Folklore Handbooks. ABC-CLIO. p. 9. ISBN 9780313058592.
  8. ^ Stewart, Jude (14 February 2011). "The Bride Wore Chartreuse: Why (Most) Wedding Dresses are White". Print. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  9. ^ . Doctrines of the Gospel Teacher Manual. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Archived from the original on 16 December 2021. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  10. ^ . Preparing to Enter the Holy Temple. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Archived from the original on 16 December 2021. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  11. ^ . Endowed from on High: Temple Preparation Seminar Teacher’s Manual. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Archived from the original on 16 December 2021. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  12. ^ . Ensign. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. February 2007. Archived from the original on 16 December 2021. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  13. ^ "27. Temple Ordinances for the Living". General Handbook: Serving in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  14. ^ Designer Wedding Dresses
  15. ^ Goldstein, Katherine (17 May 2012). "Say Yes to a Different Dress: Down with the strapless wedding gown". Slate. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  16. ^ Allison, Christine (1996). Kurdish Culture and Identity. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 154. ISBN 9781856493291.
  17. ^ Russel, Jan (November 2007). They Lived to Tell the Tale. Lyons Press. ISBN 9781599216393.
  18. ^ Smothers Bruni, Mary Ann (1995). Journey Through Kurdistan. Texas Memorial Museum. p. 57.
  19. ^ "Hopi traditions reinforce sacredness of marriage - The Times-Independent". The Times-Independent - The Times-Independent. 2010-06-17. Retrieved 2022-06-14.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wedding dress.
  • Fashion Plates of Wedding Dresses from 1820-1929 from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries
  • Wedding Dresses at Chicago History Museum Digital Collections 2012-07-29 at the Wayback Machine
  • Wedding dress, 1900, in the Staten Island Historical Society Online Collections Database
  • Wedding dress, 1951, in the Staten Island Historical Society Online Collections Database

April 12, 2024
wedding, dress, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, july, 2022,. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Wedding dress news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article possibly contains original research Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations Statements consisting only of original research should be removed July 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message For other uses see Wedding dress disambiguation and Gown disambiguation A wedding dress or bridal gown is the dress worn by the bride during a wedding ceremony The color style and ceremonial importance of the gown can depend on the religion and culture of the wedding participants In Western culture the wedding dress is most commonly white a fashion made popular by Queen Victoria when she married in 1840 In Eastern cultures brides often choose red to symbolize auspiciousness Wedding dress from 2003 Contents 1 Western culture 1 1 Color of wedding dresses 1 2 Current fashion 2 Eastern culture 3 Native American culture 4 Gallery 4 1 Historical Western European wedding dresses 4 2 Wedding dresses from different areas of the world 4 3 West Asian North African dresses 4 4 East Asian dresses 4 5 South Asian dresses 4 6 Southeast Asian dresses 4 7 Modern Western style dresses 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksWestern culture edit nbsp Wedding dress from 1891 Until the late 1960s wedding dresses reflected the styles of the day since then they have often been based on Victorian styles Weddings performed during and immediately following the Middle Ages were often more than just a union between two people They could be a union between two families two businesses or even two countries Many weddings were more a matter of politics than love particularly among the nobility and the higher social classes Brides were therefore expected to dress in a manner that cast their families in the most favorable light and befitted their social status for they were not representing only themselves during the ceremony Brides from wealthy families often wore rich colors and exclusive fabrics It was common to see them wearing bold colors and layers of furs velvet and silk Brides dressed in the height of current fashion with the richest materials their families money could buy The poorest of brides wore their best church dress on their wedding day The amount and the price of material a wedding dress contained was a reflection of the bride s social standing and indicated the extent of the family s wealth to wedding guests Color of wedding dresses edit The first documented instance of a princess who wore a white wedding dress for a royal wedding ceremony is that of Philippa of England who wore a tunic with a cloak in white silk bordered with squirrel and ermine in 1406 when she married Eric of Pomerania 1 2 Mary Queen of Scots wore a white wedding dress in 1559 when she married her first husband Francis the Dauphin of France because it was her favorite color although white was then the color of mourning for French queens 3 4 This was not a widespread trend however prior to the Victorian era a bride was married in any color black being popular in Finland 5 White became a popular option in 1840 after the marriage of Queen Victoria to Albert of Saxe Coburg and Gotha when Victoria wore a white gown trimmed with Honiton lace Illustrations of the wedding were widely published and many brides opted for white in accordance with the Queen s choice 6 Later many people assumed that the color white was intended to symbolize virginity though this was not the original intention it was the color blue that was connected to purity piety faithfulness and the Virgin Mary 7 Even after white became the dominant color for a period wedding dresses were adapted to the styles of the day In the early 1900s clothing included a lot of decorations such as lace or frills This was also adopted in wedding dresses where decorative frills and lace were common For example in the 1920s they were typically short in the front with a longer train in the back and were worn with cloche style wedding veils This tendency to follow current fashions continued until the late 1960s when it became popular to revert to long full skirted designs reminiscent of the Victorian era citation needed Since the middle of the 20th century most Western wedding dresses have usually been white 8 though wedding white includes shades such as eggshell ecru and ivory White is not the universal color of wedding dresses In Mexico for example red is a popular color citation needed In the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints the color white is used as a symbol of purity innocence and cleanliness particularly in religious ceremonies such as baptism 9 and temple ceremonies including weddings 10 For weddings in the temple white clothing is also worn by all participants during the ceremony both men and women to symbolize unity and equality before God 11 12 The brides should be white modest in design and fabric and free of elaborate ornamentation 13 14 Current fashion edit nbsp A bride in a contemporary version of the traditional long white wedding dress with train tiara and white veil In the early 21st century many wedding dresses on the market are sleeveless and strapless 15 better source needed Other brides prefer styles with sleeves higher necklines and covered backs citation needed Eastern culture editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed November 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message Many wedding dresses in China India Bangladesh and Pakistan are red the traditional Indian color representing good luck and auspiciousness Vietnamese wedding dresses in the traditional form of ao tấc the ancient Ao dai were dark blue Nowadays many women choose other colors besides red In modern mainland Chinese weddings the bride may opt for Western dresses of any color and don a traditional costume for the wedding tea ceremony nbsp Qing dynasty styled traditional Chinese wedding dress with a phoenix crown 鳳冠 headpiece still used in modern Taiwanese weddings In modern Taiwanese weddings the bride generally picks red following Chinese tradition or white more Western silk for the wedding gown material but most will wear the red traditional garment for their formal wedding banquets Traditionally the father of the bride is responsible for the wedding banquet hosted on the bride s side and the alcohol specifically called xi jiu confusingly the same as what the wedding banquet itself is called consumed during both banquets While the wedding itself is often based on the couple s choices the wedding banquets are a symbolic gesture of thanks and appreciation to those who have raised the bride and groom such as grandparents and uncles and those who will continue to be there to help the bride and groom in the future Thus out of respect for the elders wedding banquets are usually done formally and traditionally Red saris lehengas and salwar kameez are traditional garment options for brides in Indian cultures The fabric of choice is also traditionally silk regardless of garment type Over time color options and fabric choices for Indian brides have expanded Today fabrics like crepe Georgette charmeuse and satin are used and colors have been expanded to include gold pink orange maroon brown and yellow as well Traditionally a Kurdish first time bride would wear a red dress for her wedding to symbolize the postcoital bleeding she will experience when she loses her virginity while a Kurdish bride who used to be married before would wear pink Today many Kurds associate red wedding dresses with impoverished Kurdish rural society and it is no longer commonly worn 16 17 18 nbsp Japanese formal wedding dress still used today A Japanese wedding usually involves a traditional pure white kimono for the formal ceremony symbolizing purity and maidenhood The bride may change into a red kimono for the events after the ceremony for good luck The Javanese people of Indonesia wear a kebaya a traditional kind of blouse along with batik In the Philippines variations of the Baro t saya adapted to the white wedding tradition are considered to be wedding attire for women along with the Barong Tagalog for men Various tribes and Muslim Filipinos don other forms of traditional dress during their respective ceremonies Native American culture editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed August 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message nbsp Apache brideThe indigenous peoples of the Americas have varying traditions related to weddings and thus wedding dresses A Hopi bride traditionally had her garments woven by the groom and any men in the village who wished to participate 19 The garments consisted of a large belt two all white wedding robes a white wedding robe with red stripes at the top and bottom white buckskin leggings and moccasins a string for tying the hair and a reed mat in which to wrap the outfit This outfit also served as a shroud since these garments would be necessary for the trip through the underworld A Pueblo bride wore a cotton garment tied above the right shoulder secured with a belt around the waist In the traditions of the Delaware a bride wore a knee length skirt of deerskin and a band of wampum beads around her forehead Except for fine beads or shell necklaces the body was bare from the waist up If it was a winter wedding she wore deerskin leggings and moccasins and a robe of turkey feathers Her face was painted with white red and yellow clay The tribes of Northern California which include the Klamath the Modoc and the Yurok had a traditional bridal dress woven in symbolic colors white for the east blue for the south yellow orange for the west and black for the north Turquoise and silver jewelry were worn by both the bride and the groom in addition to a silver concho belt Jewelry was considered a shield against evils including hunger poverty and bad luck Gallery editHistorical Western European wedding dresses edit nbsp Detail from The Marriage by Nicolo da Bologna 1350s nbsp Helena Fourment second wife of Peter Paul Rubens painted by Rubens in her wedding dress 1630 nbsp Sophia Magdalena of Denmark s wedding dress 1766 The Royal Armoury in Sweden nbsp Marriage of Napoleon I and Marie Louise France 1810 Wedding dresses from different areas of the world edit nbsp Wishram North American Indian bride around 1911 nbsp Traditional Finnish farmer wedding dress in Jomala Aland nbsp Traditional Kazakh wedding dress nbsp Traditional Azerbaijani national wedding costume in Azerbaijan State Museum of History nbsp Hutsul wedding dress nbsp Traditional Armenian wedding dress nbsp 18th century wedding dress from Kymi Greece Collection of PFF Nauplio nbsp Bride in a wedding dress Podhale the Tatra MountainsWest Asian North African dresses edit nbsp Yemenite Jewish bride in Israel 1950 s nbsp Wedding of Tewfik Pasha and Emina Ilhamy Cairo Egypt January 1873East Asian dresses edit nbsp Chinese couple wearing traditional wedding hanfu nbsp Reenactment of the royal wedding ceremony of King Gojong and Queen MyeongseongSouth Asian dresses edit nbsp Indian Hindu bride in red Sari nbsp Sikh bride wearing purple lehenga and dastaar for Anand Karaj nbsp Traditional Bengali bride in formal matrimonial Sari nbsp Indian Christian bride in white Sari nbsp Nepali bride of Kathmandu 1941 nbsp Bengali Hindu bride during Sindur Daan nbsp Hindu bride in Lehenga nbsp Marathi wedding nbsp Sri Lankan weddingSoutheast Asian dresses edit nbsp Khmer Cambodian couple dressed in traditional wedding outfits nbsp Vietnamese couple in traditional dress nbsp Couple dress in traditional Thai outfits nbsp Couple dressed in traditional Burmese outfits nbsp Bali Hindu wedding dressModern Western style dresses edit nbsp A bride in 1968 wearing a dress reflecting the styles of the time nbsp Patricia Nixon Cox with her father Richard Nixon 1971 nbsp Taiwanese couple dressed Western style for keepsake photos in the park 1989 nbsp American bride marrying a Scotsman wearing a kilt 1996 nbsp New Orleans bride wearing a strapless sleeveless gown 2006 nbsp Same gender marriage Saint Petersburg Russia 2014 See also editBridal crown Christian clothing Godey s Lady s Book Religious clothing Victorian fashion Wedding dress of Camilla Parker Bowles Wedding dress of Grace Kelly Wedding dress of Jacqueline Bouvier Wedding dress of Kate Middleton Wedding dress of Lady Diana Spencer Wedding dress of Meghan Markle Wedding dress of Princess Alexandra of Denmark Wedding dress of Princess Anne Wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth Wedding dress of Princess Margaret Wedding dress of Princess Mary of Teck Wedding dress of Queen Victoria Wedding dress of Sarah Ferguson Wedding dress of Sophie Rhys Jones Wedding dress of Victoria Princess Royal Wedding dress of Wallis WarfieldReferences edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wedding dress Wedding white doesn t mean what you think it means Ivy Bridal Studio 3 March 2014 Archived from the original on 11 May 2016 Retrieved 21 November 2014 Princess Philippa of England is the first recorded princess to have worn white during her wedding in 1406 with her attire consisting of a tunic and cloak in white silk but it wasn t until Queen Mary that the white dress would explode in popularity The History of Matrimony Amalfi Wedding Planner Archived from the original on 6 May 2006 Mary Queen of Scots first wedding day Madame Guillotine 24 April 2011 Archived from the original on 23 June 2015 Retrieved 21 November 2014 Mary s choice of a white wedding dress was an unusual one particularly as white was more traditionally worn by royal ladies when they were in dieul blanc mourning but in this as in other things the strong willed Mary may well have been an innovator keen to not just impress her own taste on her wedding day after all she hadn t been allowed the privilege of choosing her groom but also emphasise her virginity and show off her famously pale redheaded beauty which would have been accentuated by a pure white dress Elizabeth I Facts The Elizabeth Files 23 August 2009 Archived from the original on 24 July 2018 Retrieved 21 November 2014 Her favourite dress colours were white and black which symbolised purity Pelo June Old Marriage Customs in Finland Sydaby eget net Retrieved 19 January 2019 Royal Weddings 1840 1947 Royal Collection Trust Retrieved 19 January 2019 Ashliman DL 2004 Folk and Fairy Tales A Handbook Greenwood Folklore Handbooks ABC CLIO p 9 ISBN 9780313058592 Stewart Jude 14 February 2011 The Bride Wore Chartreuse Why Most Wedding Dresses are White Print Retrieved 19 January 2019 Chapter 15 The Covenant of Baptism Doctrines of the Gospel Teacher Manual The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints Archived from the original on 16 December 2021 Retrieved 16 December 2021 Preparing to Enter the Holy Temple Preparing to Enter the Holy Temple The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints Archived from the original on 16 December 2021 Retrieved 16 December 2021 Lesson 5 Learning from the Lord through Symbols Endowed from on High Temple Preparation Seminar Teacher s Manual The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints Archived from the original on 16 December 2021 Retrieved 16 December 2021 Why Symbols Ensign The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints February 2007 Archived from the original on 16 December 2021 Retrieved 16 December 2021 27 Temple Ordinances for the Living General Handbook Serving in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints Retrieved 20 September 2021 Designer Wedding Dresses Goldstein Katherine 17 May 2012 Say Yes to a Different Dress Down with the strapless wedding gown Slate Retrieved 29 May 2012 Allison Christine 1996 Kurdish Culture and Identity Bloomsbury Academic p 154 ISBN 9781856493291 Russel Jan November 2007 They Lived to Tell the Tale Lyons Press ISBN 9781599216393 Smothers Bruni Mary Ann 1995 Journey Through Kurdistan Texas Memorial Museum p 57 Hopi traditions reinforce sacredness of marriage The Times Independent The Times Independent The Times Independent 2010 06 17 Retrieved 2022 06 14 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wedding dress Fashion Plates of Wedding Dresses from 1820 1929 from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries Wedding Dresses at Chicago History Museum Digital Collections Archived 2012 07 29 at the Wayback Machine Wedding dress 1900 in the Staten Island Historical Society Online Collections Database Wedding dress 1951 in the Staten Island Historical Society Online Collections Database Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Wedding dress amp oldid 1213806466, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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