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Boycotts of Israel

April 27, 2024

Boycotts of Israel are the refusal and calls to refusal of having commercial or social dealings with Israel in order to influence Israel's practices and policies by means of using economic pressure.[1] The specific objective of Israel boycotts varies; the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement calls for boycotts of Israel "until it meets its obligations under international law",[2] and the purpose of the Arab League's boycott of Israel was to prevent Arab states and others to contribute to Israel's economy.[3] Israel believes that boycotts against it are antisemitic.[4]

Graffiti supporting the boycott of Israel

Boycotts of Jewish-owned businesses in Mandatory Palestine

Boycotts of Jewish-owned businesses in Mandatory Palestine were organised by Arab leaders starting in 1922 in an attempt to damage the Jewish population of Palestine economically, especially during periods of communal strife between Jews and Arabs.[5] The original boycott forswore with any Jewish-owned business operating in Mandatory Palestine. Palestinian Arabs "who were found to have broken the boycott ... were physically attacked by their brethren and their merchandise damaged" when Palestinian Arabs rioted in Jerusalem in 1929.[6] Another, stricter boycott was imposed on Jewish businesses in following the riots that called on all of the Arabs in the region to abide by its terms. The Arab Executive Committee of the Syrian–Palestinian Congress called for a boycott of Jewish businesses in 1933 and in 1934, the Arab Labor Federation conducted a boycott as well as an organized picketing of Jewish businesses. In 1936, the Palestinian Arab leadership called on another boycott and threatened those who did not respect the boycott with violence, however, this boycott was unsuccessful as Jewish lawyers, physicians, and hospitals were too heavily integrated into Palestinian society.[5]

Arab League boycott of Israel

Main article: Arab League boycott of Israel
 
Map of the Arab League
 
Headquarters of the Arab League, Cairo

Economic

The Arab League organised a boycott of pre-establishment Israel in December 1945, shortly after its formation, before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948,[7] and continued and intensified it afterwards. The Arab League boycott is an effort by its member states to isolate Israel economically to prevent Arab states and discourage non-Arabs from providing support to Israel and adding to Israel's economic and military strength.[8]

As part of the Arab boycott, for example, existing road and rail links with neighboring Arab countries were severed, all direct air flights were not permitted, overflights over Arab airspace by Israeli aircraft and of third country airlines that fly into Israel was refused, and even airlines that flew to Israel were refused entry to Arab countries. Originally, the Arab boycott had a moderate negative impact on Israel's economy and development. Inevitably the economies of participating Arab nations also suffered as the result of a deterioration in the foreign direct investment climate in the Arab world, and reduction in the volume of trade. Whether or not the Arab nations in question were aware of the potential risks to their own economies is still unknown. There is still debate as to whether they, in unison, viewed the economic sanctions as a necessary sacrifice to slow the development of the newly declared Israeli state.[9][unreliable source]

The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) urges its members to join in the Arab League boycott of Israel.[10] Ten members of OIC (in addition to those that are also members of the Arab League) have joined the diplomatic boycott: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Brunei, Chad, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Mali, Niger, and Pakistan. The call was renewed on 22 May 2018, when the OIC recommended to its 57 members a selective ban on some Israeli goods because of the events in Gaza and the opening of the United States embassy in Jerusalem.[11]

Egypt (1979), the Palestinian Authority (1993), and Jordan (1994) signed peace treaties or agreements that ended their participation in the boycott of Israel. Mauritania, which never applied the boycott, established diplomatic relations with Israel in 1999. Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia do not enforce the boycott.[12]

In 1994, following the Oslo Peace Accords, the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) states, ended their participation in the Arab boycott against Israel,[9] and stated that total elimination of the boycott is a necessary step for peace and economic development in the region.[12] In present days, the Arab boycott is rarely applied. The move prompted a surge of investment in Israel, and resulted in the initiation of joint cooperation projects between Israel and Arab countries.[9][unreliable source]

Today, most Arab states, Syria being the exception, no longer attempt to enforce the secondary or tertiary boycotts. Syria, Lebanon, and Iran (though not an Arab state) are the only states which actively enforce the primary boycott. The Arab League's Central Boycott Office has become obsolete. With the vast majority of Arab states benefiting from trade with Israel, any "boycott" has become symbolic in nature, limited to bureaucratic slights such as diplomatic ostracism and passport restrictions.

There are still residual laws banning relations with Israel. For example, Sudan has since 1958 had a law that forbids establishing relations with Israel, and outlaws business with citizens of Israel as well as business relationships with Israeli companies or companies with Israeli interests. The law also forbids the direct or indirect import of any Israeli goods.[13]

Diplomatic

 
  Israel
  Countries that have recognized Israel
  Countries that have withdrawn recognition
  Countries that have suspended or cut relations with Israel
  Countries that have never recognized Israel

Member states of the United Nations were formed into Regional Groups in 1961 to act as voting blocs and negotiation forums.[14] On a purely geographic basis, Israel should be a member of the Asia-Pacific Group but Arab and Muslim nations have blocked Israel from joining. Israel was blocked from the regional group system for 39 years, which besides other consequences prevented it from participating on any UN body. In 2000, to by-pass the ban, Israel was admitted as a temporary member of Western European and Others Group, subject to annual renewal, but only in WEOG's headquarters in the US, which enabled it to put forward candidates for election to various UN General Assembly bodies. In 2004, Israel's membership of the WEOG became permanent,[15] but only in WEOG's headquarters in New York, while remaining an observer at the other UN offices.[16] Only in December 2013 was Israel granted full membership of the WEOG in Geneva, entitling Israel to participate in Geneva-based U.N. bodies, such as the UN Human Rights Council.[17]

Other countries which do not recognise Israel are Cuba and North Korea.[18]

When Egypt entered into a peace treaty with Israel in 1979, its membership of the Arab League was suspended until 1989. In 2002, the Arab League offered recognition of Israel by Arab countries as part of the resolution of the Palestinian–Israeli conflict in the Arab Peace Initiative.[19]

 
Legend:
  Israel
  Countries that reject passports from Israel
  Countries that reject passports from Israel and any other passport which contain Israeli stamps or visas

Sixteen Arab and OIC countries do not accept Israeli passports. These are Algeria, Bangladesh, Brunei, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, United Arab Emirates and Yemen. Eight of these also do not accept passports of other countries whose holder has an Israeli visa endorsed in it.[20]

The bans may also apply to state-owned enterprises, such as airlines.[21] Twenty-two countries ban direct flights and overflights to and from Israel. These are Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brunei, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen.[22] There was an exception in May 2020 when a flight brought Covid medical supplies for the Palestinians.[23] However, the Palestinian Authority controversially rejected the supplies.[24][25]

Sports

Main article: Boycotts of Israel in sports

In October 2017, when an Israeli won gold in an international judo championship in Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates, officials refused to fly the Israeli flag and play the Israeli national anthem, instead they played the anthem of the International Judo Federation (IJF) and flying the IJF's flag, while the gold winner, Tal Flicker, sang the "Hatikvah", Israel's national anthem. The UAE also banned Israeli athletes from wearing their country's symbols on uniforms,[26] having to wear IJF uniforms. Other contestants received similar treatment. In December 2017, seven Israelis were denied visas by Saudi Arabia to compete in an international chess tournament.[27] On 24 May 2018, a team of international jurists, including Harvard Professor Alan Dershowitz, announced a plan to petition the international Court of Arbitration for Sport against the exclusion of Israel's flag and anthem at sporting events in Arab countries.[28] In July 2018, the International Judo Federation cancelled two grand slam judo events in Tunis and Abu Dhabi because Israeli flags were not allowed to be raised.[29] Also in July 2018, the World Chess Federation said it will ban Tunisia from hosting the international chess competition in 2019 if it does not grant a visa to Israeli contestants, including a seven-year-old Israeli girl champion.[30]

In addition, sports teams from various Arab states continue to boycott Israeli athletes at international matches.[31] When they are drawn against an Israeli team, some teams choose instead to forfeit the match.[32][33]

The participation of Israel at the 2024 Summer Olympics prompted calls from left-wing French lawmakers,[34] Palestinian,[35] and other global sports organizations for sanctions against Israel and to prevent its participation due to the impact of the Israel–Hamas war on Palestinian athletes and sports facilities,[36][37] but IOC President Thomas Bach confirmed this was never an issue for the IOC and cautioned athletes against boycotts and discrimination.[38]

Arms embargoes

Just before the outbreak of the Six-Day War in 1967, France – then Israel's main arms supplier, especially of aircraft – imposed an arms embargo on Israel, including on spare parts for its aircraft.[39]

In 2014, during the Gaza war, Spain froze arms and military technology exports to Israel. The embargo also applied to dual-use materiel.[40][41] Also at the same time, British government ministers said no new arms export licenses would be granted for sales to Israel until a formal peace is agreed. In case hostilities are to flare up, exports under existing licenses would reportedly be discontinued.[42]

On 23 March 2018, the United Nations Human Rights Council called on the international community to halt arms sales to Israel.[43] Amnesty International has repeatedly called for an arms embargo on Israel, most recently on 29 April 2018 following clashes between the IDF and protesters at the Gaza Strip security fence as part of the "Great March of Return" protests.[44]

Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement

Main articles: Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions and Disinvestment from Israel

In 2005, over 170 Palestinian civil society organizations launched the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement. The goal of BDS is to subject Israel to boycott, divestment and sanctions until it withdraws from the occupied territories, removes the separation barrier in the West Bank, ensures full equality for Arab–Palestinian citizens of Israel, and grants the right of return of Palestinian refugees.[45] BDS is modeled after the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa.[46] Its proponents compare the plight of the Palestinians with that of the black South Africans.[47][48]

A large number of activist groups around the world have heeded BDS' call and are advocating for boycotts of Israel.[49]

In July 2021, the Palestinian Authority arrested a singer who performed in a settlement in the West Bank, though the performance was for Palestinian workers only.[50]

Academic and cultural boycotts

Main articles: Academic boycott of Israel and Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel
 
Israel and Israeli-occupied territories

A campaign for an academic boycott of Israel was launched in April 2004 by a group of Palestinian academics and intellectuals in Ramallah, in the West Bank, that formed the Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel (PACBI) as part of the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) campaign. The campaign calls for BDS activities against Israel to put international pressure on Israel, in this case against Israeli academic institutions, all of which are said by PACBI to be implicated in the perpetuation of Israeli occupation, in order to achieve BDS goals.[51] Since then, proposals for academic boycotts of particular Israeli universities and academics have been made by academics and organizations in the Palestinian territories,[52] the United States,[53] the United Kingdom,[54] and other countries. The goal of the proposed academic boycotts is to isolate Israel in order to force a change in Israel's policies towards the Palestinians, which proponents argue are discriminatory and oppressive, including oppressing the academic freedom of Palestinians.[55]

In 2006, two of Britain's lecturers' unions, the National Association of Teachers in Further and Higher Education and the Association of University Teachers (AUT), voted to support an academic boycott against Israel.[56] The AUT ban was overturned by members at an Emergency General Meeting a few weeks later, while the NATFHE boycott expired when a merger with AUT to form the University and College Union came into effect.[57] In May 2007, the UCU congress passed Motion 30, which called on the members to circulate information and consider a boycott request by Palestinian trade unions (it quickly reversed its position once the UCU received legal advice that the boycott was illegal because it was racial discrimination).[58] That same year, nearly 300 university presidents across the United States signed a join statement denouncing the boycott movement. Following Operation Cast Lead in 2010, a group of 15 American university professors launched a campaign calling for an academic and cultural boycott of Israel. In 2010 the US Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel (USACBI) announced it had collected 500 endorsements from US academics for an academic and cultural boycott of Israel. The endorsements were seen as a sign of changing US attitudes toward Israel in the wake of an Israeli raid on a humanitarian aid flotilla in the Mediterranean.[59]

In 2009, Spanish organizers of an international solar power design competition excluded a team from the Israeli Ariel University Center. The stated reason was that the Ariel university is located in the West Bank, a Spanish official was quoted saying, "Spain acted in line with European Union policy of opposing Israel's occupation of Palestinian land."[60] On that year, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology rejected the academic boycott of Israel, stating that being able to cooperate with Israeli academics, and hearing their views on the conflict, is critical for studying of the causes of the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians and how it can be resolved.[61]

In 2011, the University of Johannesburg decided to suspend ties with Israeli Ben-Gurion University, citing the university's support for the Israeli military. The decision was seen to affect projects in biotechnology and water purification.[62] However, two days later, Ihron Rensburg, vice chancellor and principal of the university issued a statement saying that "UJ is not part of an academic boycott of Israel... It has never been UJ's intention to sever all ties with BGU, although it may have been the intention of some UJ staff members."[63]

University of Pennsylvania President Amy Gutmann said in January 2012 that the university "has clearly stated on numerous occasions that it does not support sanctions or boycotts against Israel". She said that the school was not a sponsor of a BDS conference taking place on campus in February 2012.[64]

In May 2013, in what was seen as a major development,[65] Stephen Hawking joined the academic boycott of Israel by reversing his decision to participate in the Jerusalem-based Israeli Presidential Conference hosted by Israeli president Shimon Peres. Hawking approved a published statement from the British Committee for the Universities of Palestine that described his decision as independent, "based upon his knowledge of Palestine, and on the unanimous advice of his own academic contacts there".[66] Reactions to Hawking's boycott were mixed; some praised his boycott as a "peaceful protest", while others condemned his decision and accused him of anti-semitism.[67][68]

On 4 December 2013, the American Studies Association (ASA) endorsed a boycott of Israeli academic institutions in a resolution that stated "there is no effective or substantive academic freedom for Palestinian students and scholars under conditions of Israeli occupation, and Israeli institutions of higher learning are a party to Israeli state policies that violate human rights and negatively impact the working conditions of Palestinian scholars and students."[69] The election attracted the largest number of voters in the association history with 66.05% for, 30.5% against and 3.43% abstaining.[70] Over 92 universities rejected the boycott and some of them withdrew their membership in the ASA in protest of the boycott decision.[71]

In October 2014, 500 Middle East studies scholars and librarians issued a call for an academic boycott of Israel. According to the signatories, "world governments and mainstream media do not hold Israel accountable for its violations of international law. We, however, as a community of scholars engaged with the Middle East, have a moral responsibility to do so."[72] Also in October 2014, 500 anthropologists endorsed an academic boycott of Israeli institutions seen as complicit in violations of Palestinians' rights. The signatories of the statement said, "as a community of scholars who study problems of power, oppression, and cultural hegemony, we have a moral responsibility to speak out and demand accountability from Israel and our own governments."[73]

In January 2016, 168 Italian academics and researchers published a call to boycott Israeli academic institutions. Israel's Institute of Technology, Technion, was singled out as a boycott target. "The Institute carries out research in a wide range of technologies and weapons used to oppress and attack Palestinians", said the call.[74]

In May 2021, more than 600 musicians, including Patti Smith, Noname, DJ Snake, Roger Waters, Serj Tankian, members of Cypress Hill, Rage Against the Machine, Julian Casablancas, The Roots' Black Thought and Questlove, Godspeed You! Black Emperor, Thurston Moore, Bun B, Royce da 5′9″, Talib Kweli, Run the Jewels, and Anti-Flag, added their signature to an open letter calling for a boycott of performances in Israel until Israel ends its occupation of the Palestinian territories.[75][76] Musician Lauryn Hill and writers Sally Rooney, Naomi Klein and Arundhati Roy expressed support for BDS.[77]

The Icelandic Association of Composers and Lyricists (FTT), which represents artists in Iceland, told its members in a statement to not participate in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024 unless Israel is removed from the competition, due to Israel's conduct in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war.[78] FTT also urged the Icelandic National Broadcaster (RÚV) to withdraw from the competition unless Israel is denied participation on the same grounds as Russia was due to its invasion of Ukraine.[79]

Reception

Support

In 2003, Archbishop Desmond Tutu called on the international community to treat Israel as it treated apartheid South Africa and supports the disinvestment campaign against Israel.[80]

In February 2004, following a six-month inquiry a select committee presented a report to the British parliament calling for the suspension of the European Union's preferential trade agreement with Israel "until it (Israel) lifts the movement restrictions which it has placed on Palestinian trade". Between 2002 and 2004 the EU exported £30.1 billion worth of goods to Israel while the value of goods imported was £21.1 billion[81] Whilst the European Union has expressed opposition to boycotting Israel, it maintains that it is legal for Europeans to do so.[82]

A joint open letter by 322 UK academics was published in The Guardian on 16 January 2009. The letter called on the British government and the British people to take all feasible steps to oblige Israel to stop its "military aggression and colonial occupation" of the Palestinian land and its "criminal use of force", suggesting to start with a programme of boycott, divestment and sanctions.[83]

In 2008, British Member of Parliament Sir Gerald Kaufman claimed, "It is time for our government to make clear to the Israeli government that its conduct and policies are unacceptable and to impose a total arms ban on Israel."[84]

In November 2012, a group of 51 people, including Nobel peace laureates, prominent artists and activists published a letter calling for a military embargo on Israel. The letter accused several countries of providing assistance to Israel that facilitated Israel's 2012 military operation in the Gaza Strip. Nobel peace laureate Mairead Maguire was among the group signing the letter.[85]

Opposition

 
Map showing U.S. states where anti-BDS legislation has passed, is pending, or has failed as of November 2023

The Anti-Defamation League, whose mission is to stop the defamation of Jews, has claimed that singling out Israel is "outrageous and biased" as well as "deplorable and offensive",[86] and heads of several major U.S. Jewish organizations have referred to them as "lop-sided" and "unbalanced".[87]

Boycott calls have also been called "profoundly unjust" and relying on a "false" analogy with the previous apartheid regime of South Africa. One critical statement has alleged that the boycotters apply "different standards" to Israel than other countries, that the boycott is "counterproductive and retrograde" yet has no comparability to Nazi boycotts of Jewish shops in the 1930s.[88][89][90][91][92][93]

The Economist contends that the boycott is "flimsy" and ineffective, that "blaming Israel alone for the impasse in the occupied territories will continue to strike many outsiders as unfair," and points out that the Palestinian leadership does not support the boycott.[94]

In an op-ed published in The Jerusalem Post in November 2010, Gerald Steinberg and Jason Edelstein contend that while "the need to refute their [BDS organizations] allegations is clear, students and community groups must also adopt a proactive strategy to undermine the credibility and influence of these groups. This strategy will marginalize many of the BDS movement's central actors, and expose the lie that BDS is a grassroots protest against Israeli policy. Exposing their abuses and funding sources, and forcing their campaign leaders and participants to respond to us will change the dynamic in this battle."[95] In an effort to combat BDS, in March 2011, NGO Monitor produced "the BDS Sewer System" intended to provide detailed information about boycott campaigns against Israel.[96]

Artists, actors, and writers

 
Paul McCartney is one of many artists who oppose boycotting Israel.

In 2008, former Beatles singer Paul McCartney decided to perform in Israel for the country's 60th anniversary despite a death threat from militant Islamic activist Omar Bakri Muhammad, who said, "If he values his life Mr McCartney must not come to Israel. He will not be safe there. The sacrifice operatives will be waiting for him."[97] Omar Barghouti, one of the founders of the Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel, described the threat as "deplorable".[97] McCartney said "I do what I think and I have many friends who support Israel."[97]

In October 2010, the Cape Town Opera (CTO) declined an appeal by Desmond Tutu to cancel a tour of Israel.[98] The CTO stated that the company was "reluctant to adopt the essentially political position of disengagement from cultural ties with Israel or with Palestine,[98] and that they had been in negotiations for four years and would respect the contract.[99]

Madonna's The MDNA Tour began in May 2012 in Tel Aviv, Israel.[100] She said that the concert in Tel Aviv was a "peace concert", and offered about 600 tickets to the show to various Israeli and Palestinian groups, but this offer was rejected by Anarchists Against the Wall and the Sheikh Jarrah Solidarity group. The offer was accepted by the Palestinian-Israeli Peace NGO Forum.[101] Madonna's performance was criticized by Omar Barghouti.[102]

In January 2014, Scarlett Johansson started to promote SodaStream, an Israeli company operating in Ma'ale Adumim, a West Bank settlement, which sparked criticism from Oxfam. In response, Johansson severed ties with Oxfam after eight years, saying she supports trade and "social interaction between a democratic Israel and Palestine" and she has "a fundamental difference of opinion with Oxfam in regards to the boycott, divestment and sanctions movement."[103] Two years later, Oxfam CEO Mark Goldring lamented that losing Johansson over BDS was “something of a PR disaster” that had cost Oxfam “literally thousands” of donors.[104]

In October 2015, J.K. Rowling was one of the 150 people from the British arts world who signed a letter against the call for a boycott of Israel that was made in February. The signatories of the letter said "cultural boycotts singling out Israel are divisive and discriminatory, and will not further peace. Open dialogue and interaction promote greater understanding and mutual acceptance, and it is through such understanding and acceptance that movement can be made towards a resolution of the conflict." Some of the signatories were closely aligned with Israel, for example via the Conservative Friends of Israel and Labour Friends of Israel.[105][106][107]

Other artists who have voiced opposition to the campaign include writers Umberto Eco[108] and film makers Joel and Ethan Coen.[109] Novelist Ian McEwan, upon being awarded the Jerusalem Prize, was urged to turn it down, but said that "If I only went to countries that I approve of, I probably would never get out of bed.... It's not great if everyone stops talking."[108] Many musicians such as Elton John, Leonard Cohen, Lady Gaga, Rihanna, Radiohead, Metallica, Editors, Placebo, LCD Soundsystem, MGMT, Justin Bieber, Ziggy Marley,[110] Red Hot Chili Peppers, Mark Ronson, Depeche Mode, Gilberto Gil, Daniela Mercury, Rolling Stones,[111][112] Alicia Keys,[108][113] Tom Jones,[114] Riverdance,[115] PiL,[116] Eric Burdon,[117] and Bon Jovi[118] have chosen to perform in Israel in recent years.

In October 2021, over 200 celebrities, including Mila Kunis, Billy Porter, Neil Patrick Harris, Helen Mirren, Lance Bass and Jeremy Piven, signed an open letter repudiating calls for a boycott of the Tel Aviv International LGBT Film Festival.[119]

Public figures

In February 2012, Norman Finkelstein "launched a blistering attack" of the BDS movement during an interview, saying it was a "hypocritical, dishonest cult" that tries to cleverly pose as human rights activists while in reality their goal is to destroy Israel.[120] In addition, he said: "I'm getting a little bit exasperated with what I think is a whole lot of nonsense. I'm not going to tolerate silliness, childishness and a lot of leftist posturing. I loathe the disingenuousness. We will never hear the solidarity movement [back a] two-state solution." Furthermore, Finkelstein stated that the BDS movement has had very few successes, and that just like a cult, the leaders pretend that they are hugely successful when in reality the general public rejects their extreme views. He does mention though that he supports the idea of a non-violent BDS movement.[120]

Though Israeli chocolate company Max Brenner is targeted by some Australian Palestinian activists, the Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs and former Prime Minister Kevin Rudd said, "I don't think in 21st-century Australia there is a place for the attempted boycott of a Jewish business."[121]

Senior figures in the Australian Labor Party linked action against the Australian Greens at a state conference, where the Greens were denied automatic preferences, to the Greens' previous support for the BDS movement. Former New South Wales treasurer and Australian Labor Party general secretary Eric Roozendaal and fellow Legislative Councillor Walt Secord, stated, "The Greens will carry forever the stain of their support for the BDS campaign and their attempts to delegitimise Israel and the Jewish community—and this is one of the reasons why we must stand strong against the Greens."[122]

In April 2013, Prime Minister Julia Gillard said that the "campaign does not serve the cause of peace and diplomacy for agreement on a two-state solution between Israel and Palestine", and added that Australia has always had firm opposition to the BDS movement.[123] Representing the Coalition prior to the 2013 federal election, Liberal Party deputy leader Julie Bishop reaffirmed Gillard's stance by promising to cut off federal grants for individuals and institutions who support the BDS campaign. On 29 May 2013, Jewish Australian academics Andrew Benjamin, Michele Grossman and David Goodman condemned the Coalition's election promise as "an anti-democratic gesture par excellence".[124]

In February 2014, Israeli Ambassador to the UK Daniel Taub said in a CNN interview that proponents of a boycott on Israeli goods are making a "mistake" and sending a "problematic" message to Palestinian negotiators: "If they genuinely want to advance peace, what they're really doing is they're sending a double message ... They're sending a message to the Palestinian that [they] don't need to be sitting at the negotiating table."[125]

Ed Husain, writing in The New York Times, says that the boycott of Israel should end, since it is hurting the Palestinians more than helping them. Husain believes that the "voice of the Palestinian imams who want to see an end to the boycott needs to be amplified", as well as those "religious leaders" in Egypt and in Saudi Arabia who "advocate peace".[126]

Official and legal responses

Further information: Anti-BDS laws, Arab League boycott of Israel § Foreign reactions to the boycott, Occupied Territories Bill, and Law for Prevention of Damage to State of Israel through Boycott

See also

References

  1. ^ Losman 1972, p. 99.
  2. ^ Tripp 2013, p. 125: the BDS organized urged 'various forms of boycott against Israel until it meets its obligations under international law'
  3. ^ Turck 1977, p. 472.
  4. ^ Bruton, F. Brinley, et al. "Israel fights boycott movement as pro-Palestinian campaign gains global support." 21 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine NBC News. 10 February 2019. 21 May 2019.
  5. ^ a b Feiler, Gil. "Arab Boycott".The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East. Ed. Avraham Sela. New York: Continuum, 2002. pp. 54–57
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  8. ^ Turck 1977, pp. 472–493.
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  36. ^ Zirin, Dave (10 January 2024). "Will the IOC Do Anything About the Killing of Palestinian Athletes?". The Nation.
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Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Palestinian civil society calls for boycott, divestment and sanctions against Israel

April 27, 2024
boycotts, israel, refusal, calls, refusal, having, commercial, social, dealings, with, israel, order, influence, israel, practices, policies, means, using, economic, pressure, specific, objective, israel, boycotts, varies, boycott, divestment, sanctions, movem. Boycotts of Israel are the refusal and calls to refusal of having commercial or social dealings with Israel in order to influence Israel s practices and policies by means of using economic pressure 1 The specific objective of Israel boycotts varies the Boycott Divestment and Sanctions BDS movement calls for boycotts of Israel until it meets its obligations under international law 2 and the purpose of the Arab League s boycott of Israel was to prevent Arab states and others to contribute to Israel s economy 3 Israel believes that boycotts against it are antisemitic 4 Graffiti supporting the boycott of Israel Contents 1 Boycotts of Jewish owned businesses in Mandatory Palestine 2 Arab League boycott of Israel 2 1 Economic 2 2 Diplomatic 2 3 Sports 3 Arms embargoes 4 Boycott Divestment and Sanctions movement 5 Academic and cultural boycotts 6 Reception 6 1 Support 6 2 Opposition 6 2 1 Artists actors and writers 6 2 2 Public figures 7 Official and legal responses 8 See also 9 References 9 1 Sources 10 External linksBoycotts of Jewish owned businesses in Mandatory PalestineBoycotts of Jewish owned businesses in Mandatory Palestine were organised by Arab leaders starting in 1922 in an attempt to damage the Jewish population of Palestine economically especially during periods of communal strife between Jews and Arabs 5 The original boycott forswore with any Jewish owned business operating in Mandatory Palestine Palestinian Arabs who were found to have broken the boycott were physically attacked by their brethren and their merchandise damaged when Palestinian Arabs rioted in Jerusalem in 1929 6 Another stricter boycott was imposed on Jewish businesses in following the riots that called on all of the Arabs in the region to abide by its terms The Arab Executive Committee of the Syrian Palestinian Congress called for a boycott of Jewish businesses in 1933 and in 1934 the Arab Labor Federation conducted a boycott as well as an organized picketing of Jewish businesses In 1936 the Palestinian Arab leadership called on another boycott and threatened those who did not respect the boycott with violence however this boycott was unsuccessful as Jewish lawyers physicians and hospitals were too heavily integrated into Palestinian society 5 Arab League boycott of IsraelMain article Arab League boycott of Israel nbsp Map of the Arab League nbsp Headquarters of the Arab League CairoEconomic The Arab League organised a boycott of pre establishment Israel in December 1945 shortly after its formation before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 7 and continued and intensified it afterwards The Arab League boycott is an effort by its member states to isolate Israel economically to prevent Arab states and discourage non Arabs from providing support to Israel and adding to Israel s economic and military strength 8 As part of the Arab boycott for example existing road and rail links with neighboring Arab countries were severed all direct air flights were not permitted overflights over Arab airspace by Israeli aircraft and of third country airlines that fly into Israel was refused and even airlines that flew to Israel were refused entry to Arab countries Originally the Arab boycott had a moderate negative impact on Israel s economy and development Inevitably the economies of participating Arab nations also suffered as the result of a deterioration in the foreign direct investment climate in the Arab world and reduction in the volume of trade Whether or not the Arab nations in question were aware of the potential risks to their own economies is still unknown There is still debate as to whether they in unison viewed the economic sanctions as a necessary sacrifice to slow the development of the newly declared Israeli state 9 unreliable source The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation OIC urges its members to join in the Arab League boycott of Israel 10 Ten members of OIC in addition to those that are also members of the Arab League have joined the diplomatic boycott Afghanistan Bangladesh Brunei Chad Indonesia Iran Malaysia Mali Niger and Pakistan The call was renewed on 22 May 2018 when the OIC recommended to its 57 members a selective ban on some Israeli goods because of the events in Gaza and the opening of the United States embassy in Jerusalem 11 Egypt 1979 the Palestinian Authority 1993 and Jordan 1994 signed peace treaties or agreements that ended their participation in the boycott of Israel Mauritania which never applied the boycott established diplomatic relations with Israel in 1999 Algeria Morocco and Tunisia do not enforce the boycott 12 In 1994 following the Oslo Peace Accords the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf GCC states ended their participation in the Arab boycott against Israel 9 and stated that total elimination of the boycott is a necessary step for peace and economic development in the region 12 In present days the Arab boycott is rarely applied The move prompted a surge of investment in Israel and resulted in the initiation of joint cooperation projects between Israel and Arab countries 9 unreliable source Today most Arab states Syria being the exception no longer attempt to enforce the secondary or tertiary boycotts Syria Lebanon and Iran though not an Arab state are the only states which actively enforce the primary boycott The Arab League s Central Boycott Office has become obsolete With the vast majority of Arab states benefiting from trade with Israel any boycott has become symbolic in nature limited to bureaucratic slights such as diplomatic ostracism and passport restrictions There are still residual laws banning relations with Israel For example Sudan has since 1958 had a law that forbids establishing relations with Israel and outlaws business with citizens of Israel as well as business relationships with Israeli companies or companies with Israeli interests The law also forbids the direct or indirect import of any Israeli goods 13 Diplomatic Parts of this article those related to countries that do not accept Israeli passports need to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information December 2020 nbsp Israel Countries that have recognized Israel Countries that have withdrawn recognition Countries that have suspended or cut relations with Israel Countries that have never recognized IsraelMember states of the United Nations were formed into Regional Groups in 1961 to act as voting blocs and negotiation forums 14 On a purely geographic basis Israel should be a member of the Asia Pacific Group but Arab and Muslim nations have blocked Israel from joining Israel was blocked from the regional group system for 39 years which besides other consequences prevented it from participating on any UN body In 2000 to by pass the ban Israel was admitted as a temporary member of Western European and Others Group subject to annual renewal but only in WEOG s headquarters in the US which enabled it to put forward candidates for election to various UN General Assembly bodies In 2004 Israel s membership of the WEOG became permanent 15 but only in WEOG s headquarters in New York while remaining an observer at the other UN offices 16 Only in December 2013 was Israel granted full membership of the WEOG in Geneva entitling Israel to participate in Geneva based U N bodies such as the UN Human Rights Council 17 Other countries which do not recognise Israel are Cuba and North Korea 18 When Egypt entered into a peace treaty with Israel in 1979 its membership of the Arab League was suspended until 1989 In 2002 the Arab League offered recognition of Israel by Arab countries as part of the resolution of the Palestinian Israeli conflict in the Arab Peace Initiative 19 nbsp Legend Israel Countries that reject passports from Israel Countries that reject passports from Israel and any other passport which contain Israeli stamps or visasSixteen Arab and OIC countries do not accept Israeli passports These are Algeria Bangladesh Brunei Iran Iraq Kuwait Lebanon Libya Malaysia Oman Pakistan Saudi Arabia Sudan Syria United Arab Emirates and Yemen Eight of these also do not accept passports of other countries whose holder has an Israeli visa endorsed in it 20 The bans may also apply to state owned enterprises such as airlines 21 Twenty two countries ban direct flights and overflights to and from Israel These are Afghanistan Algeria Bahrain Bangladesh Brunei Iran Iraq Kuwait Lebanon Libya Malaysia Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar Saudi Arabia Somalia Sudan Syria Tunisia UAE Yemen 22 There was an exception in May 2020 when a flight brought Covid medical supplies for the Palestinians 23 However the Palestinian Authority controversially rejected the supplies 24 25 Sports Main article Boycotts of Israel in sports In October 2017 when an Israeli won gold in an international judo championship in Abu Dhabi the United Arab Emirates officials refused to fly the Israeli flag and play the Israeli national anthem instead they played the anthem of the International Judo Federation IJF and flying the IJF s flag while the gold winner Tal Flicker sang the Hatikvah Israel s national anthem The UAE also banned Israeli athletes from wearing their country s symbols on uniforms 26 having to wear IJF uniforms Other contestants received similar treatment In December 2017 seven Israelis were denied visas by Saudi Arabia to compete in an international chess tournament 27 On 24 May 2018 a team of international jurists including Harvard Professor Alan Dershowitz announced a plan to petition the international Court of Arbitration for Sport against the exclusion of Israel s flag and anthem at sporting events in Arab countries 28 In July 2018 the International Judo Federation cancelled two grand slam judo events in Tunis and Abu Dhabi because Israeli flags were not allowed to be raised 29 Also in July 2018 the World Chess Federation said it will ban Tunisia from hosting the international chess competition in 2019 if it does not grant a visa to Israeli contestants including a seven year old Israeli girl champion 30 In addition sports teams from various Arab states continue to boycott Israeli athletes at international matches 31 When they are drawn against an Israeli team some teams choose instead to forfeit the match 32 33 The participation of Israel at the 2024 Summer Olympics prompted calls from left wing French lawmakers 34 Palestinian 35 and other global sports organizations for sanctions against Israel and to prevent its participation due to the impact of the Israel Hamas war on Palestinian athletes and sports facilities 36 37 but IOC President Thomas Bach confirmed this was never an issue for the IOC and cautioned athletes against boycotts and discrimination 38 Arms embargoesJust before the outbreak of the Six Day War in 1967 France then Israel s main arms supplier especially of aircraft imposed an arms embargo on Israel including on spare parts for its aircraft 39 In 2014 during the Gaza war Spain froze arms and military technology exports to Israel The embargo also applied to dual use materiel 40 41 Also at the same time British government ministers said no new arms export licenses would be granted for sales to Israel until a formal peace is agreed In case hostilities are to flare up exports under existing licenses would reportedly be discontinued 42 On 23 March 2018 the United Nations Human Rights Council called on the international community to halt arms sales to Israel 43 Amnesty International has repeatedly called for an arms embargo on Israel most recently on 29 April 2018 following clashes between the IDF and protesters at the Gaza Strip security fence as part of the Great March of Return protests 44 Boycott Divestment and Sanctions movementMain articles Boycott Divestment and Sanctions and Disinvestment from Israel In 2005 over 170 Palestinian civil society organizations launched the Boycott Divestment and Sanctions BDS movement The goal of BDS is to subject Israel to boycott divestment and sanctions until it withdraws from the occupied territories removes the separation barrier in the West Bank ensures full equality for Arab Palestinian citizens of Israel and grants the right of return of Palestinian refugees 45 BDS is modeled after the anti apartheid movement in South Africa 46 Its proponents compare the plight of the Palestinians with that of the black South Africans 47 48 A large number of activist groups around the world have heeded BDS call and are advocating for boycotts of Israel 49 In July 2021 the Palestinian Authority arrested a singer who performed in a settlement in the West Bank though the performance was for Palestinian workers only 50 Academic and cultural boycottsMain articles Academic boycott of Israel and Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel nbsp Israel and Israeli occupied territoriesA campaign for an academic boycott of Israel was launched in April 2004 by a group of Palestinian academics and intellectuals in Ramallah in the West Bank that formed the Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel PACBI as part of the Boycott Divestment and Sanctions BDS campaign The campaign calls for BDS activities against Israel to put international pressure on Israel in this case against Israeli academic institutions all of which are said by PACBI to be implicated in the perpetuation of Israeli occupation in order to achieve BDS goals 51 Since then proposals for academic boycotts of particular Israeli universities and academics have been made by academics and organizations in the Palestinian territories 52 the United States 53 the United Kingdom 54 and other countries The goal of the proposed academic boycotts is to isolate Israel in order to force a change in Israel s policies towards the Palestinians which proponents argue are discriminatory and oppressive including oppressing the academic freedom of Palestinians 55 In 2006 two of Britain s lecturers unions the National Association of Teachers in Further and Higher Education and the Association of University Teachers AUT voted to support an academic boycott against Israel 56 The AUT ban was overturned by members at an Emergency General Meeting a few weeks later while the NATFHE boycott expired when a merger with AUT to form the University and College Union came into effect 57 In May 2007 the UCU congress passed Motion 30 which called on the members to circulate information and consider a boycott request by Palestinian trade unions it quickly reversed its position once the UCU received legal advice that the boycott was illegal because it was racial discrimination 58 That same year nearly 300 university presidents across the United States signed a join statement denouncing the boycott movement Following Operation Cast Lead in 2010 a group of 15 American university professors launched a campaign calling for an academic and cultural boycott of Israel In 2010 the US Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel USACBI announced it had collected 500 endorsements from US academics for an academic and cultural boycott of Israel The endorsements were seen as a sign of changing US attitudes toward Israel in the wake of an Israeli raid on a humanitarian aid flotilla in the Mediterranean 59 In 2009 Spanish organizers of an international solar power design competition excluded a team from the Israeli Ariel University Center The stated reason was that the Ariel university is located in the West Bank a Spanish official was quoted saying Spain acted in line with European Union policy of opposing Israel s occupation of Palestinian land 60 On that year the Norwegian University of Science and Technology rejected the academic boycott of Israel stating that being able to cooperate with Israeli academics and hearing their views on the conflict is critical for studying of the causes of the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians and how it can be resolved 61 In 2011 the University of Johannesburg decided to suspend ties with Israeli Ben Gurion University citing the university s support for the Israeli military The decision was seen to affect projects in biotechnology and water purification 62 However two days later Ihron Rensburg vice chancellor and principal of the university issued a statement saying that UJ is not part of an academic boycott of Israel It has never been UJ s intention to sever all ties with BGU although it may have been the intention of some UJ staff members 63 University of Pennsylvania President Amy Gutmann said in January 2012 that the university has clearly stated on numerous occasions that it does not support sanctions or boycotts against Israel She said that the school was not a sponsor of a BDS conference taking place on campus in February 2012 64 In May 2013 in what was seen as a major development 65 Stephen Hawking joined the academic boycott of Israel by reversing his decision to participate in the Jerusalem based Israeli Presidential Conference hosted by Israeli president Shimon Peres Hawking approved a published statement from the British Committee for the Universities of Palestine that described his decision as independent based upon his knowledge of Palestine and on the unanimous advice of his own academic contacts there 66 Reactions to Hawking s boycott were mixed some praised his boycott as a peaceful protest while others condemned his decision and accused him of anti semitism 67 68 On 4 December 2013 the American Studies Association ASA endorsed a boycott of Israeli academic institutions in a resolution that stated there is no effective or substantive academic freedom for Palestinian students and scholars under conditions of Israeli occupation and Israeli institutions of higher learning are a party to Israeli state policies that violate human rights and negatively impact the working conditions of Palestinian scholars and students 69 The election attracted the largest number of voters in the association history with 66 05 for 30 5 against and 3 43 abstaining 70 Over 92 universities rejected the boycott and some of them withdrew their membership in the ASA in protest of the boycott decision 71 In October 2014 500 Middle East studies scholars and librarians issued a call for an academic boycott of Israel According to the signatories world governments and mainstream media do not hold Israel accountable for its violations of international law We however as a community of scholars engaged with the Middle East have a moral responsibility to do so 72 Also in October 2014 500 anthropologists endorsed an academic boycott of Israeli institutions seen as complicit in violations of Palestinians rights The signatories of the statement said as a community of scholars who study problems of power oppression and cultural hegemony we have a moral responsibility to speak out and demand accountability from Israel and our own governments 73 In January 2016 168 Italian academics and researchers published a call to boycott Israeli academic institutions Israel s Institute of Technology Technion was singled out as a boycott target The Institute carries out research in a wide range of technologies and weapons used to oppress and attack Palestinians said the call 74 In May 2021 more than 600 musicians including Patti Smith Noname DJ Snake Roger Waters Serj Tankian members of Cypress Hill Rage Against the Machine Julian Casablancas The Roots Black Thought and Questlove Godspeed You Black Emperor Thurston Moore Bun B Royce da 5 9 Talib Kweli Run the Jewels and Anti Flag added their signature to an open letter calling for a boycott of performances in Israel until Israel ends its occupation of the Palestinian territories 75 76 Musician Lauryn Hill and writers Sally Rooney Naomi Klein and Arundhati Roy expressed support for BDS 77 The Icelandic Association of Composers and Lyricists FTT which represents artists in Iceland told its members in a statement to not participate in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024 unless Israel is removed from the competition due to Israel s conduct in the 2023 Israel Hamas war 78 FTT also urged the Icelandic National Broadcaster RUV to withdraw from the competition unless Israel is denied participation on the same grounds as Russia was due to its invasion of Ukraine 79 ReceptionSupport In 2003 Archbishop Desmond Tutu called on the international community to treat Israel as it treated apartheid South Africa and supports the disinvestment campaign against Israel 80 In February 2004 following a six month inquiry a select committee presented a report to the British parliament calling for the suspension of the European Union s preferential trade agreement with Israel until it Israel lifts the movement restrictions which it has placed on Palestinian trade Between 2002 and 2004 the EU exported 30 1 billion worth of goods to Israel while the value of goods imported was 21 1 billion 81 Whilst the European Union has expressed opposition to boycotting Israel it maintains that it is legal for Europeans to do so 82 A joint open letter by 322 UK academics was published in The Guardian on 16 January 2009 The letter called on the British government and the British people to take all feasible steps to oblige Israel to stop its military aggression and colonial occupation of the Palestinian land and its criminal use of force suggesting to start with a programme of boycott divestment and sanctions 83 In 2008 British Member of Parliament Sir Gerald Kaufman claimed It is time for our government to make clear to the Israeli government that its conduct and policies are unacceptable and to impose a total arms ban on Israel 84 In November 2012 a group of 51 people including Nobel peace laureates prominent artists and activists published a letter calling for a military embargo on Israel The letter accused several countries of providing assistance to Israel that facilitated Israel s 2012 military operation in the Gaza Strip Nobel peace laureate Mairead Maguire was among the group signing the letter 85 Opposition nbsp Map showing U S states where anti BDS legislation has passed is pending or has failed as of November 2023The Anti Defamation League whose mission is to stop the defamation of Jews has claimed that singling out Israel is outrageous and biased as well as deplorable and offensive 86 and heads of several major U S Jewish organizations have referred to them as lop sided and unbalanced 87 Boycott calls have also been called profoundly unjust and relying on a false analogy with the previous apartheid regime of South Africa One critical statement has alleged that the boycotters apply different standards to Israel than other countries that the boycott is counterproductive and retrograde yet has no comparability to Nazi boycotts of Jewish shops in the 1930s 88 89 90 91 92 93 The Economist contends that the boycott is flimsy and ineffective that blaming Israel alone for the impasse in the occupied territories will continue to strike many outsiders as unfair and points out that the Palestinian leadership does not support the boycott 94 In an op ed published in The Jerusalem Post in November 2010 Gerald Steinberg and Jason Edelstein contend that while the need to refute their BDS organizations allegations is clear students and community groups must also adopt a proactive strategy to undermine the credibility and influence of these groups This strategy will marginalize many of the BDS movement s central actors and expose the lie that BDS is a grassroots protest against Israeli policy Exposing their abuses and funding sources and forcing their campaign leaders and participants to respond to us will change the dynamic in this battle 95 In an effort to combat BDS in March 2011 NGO Monitor produced the BDS Sewer System intended to provide detailed information about boycott campaigns against Israel 96 Artists actors and writers nbsp Paul McCartney is one of many artists who oppose boycotting Israel In 2008 former Beatles singer Paul McCartney decided to perform in Israel for the country s 60th anniversary despite a death threat from militant Islamic activist Omar Bakri Muhammad who said If he values his life Mr McCartney must not come to Israel He will not be safe there The sacrifice operatives will be waiting for him 97 Omar Barghouti one of the founders of the Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel described the threat as deplorable 97 McCartney said I do what I think and I have many friends who support Israel 97 In October 2010 the Cape Town Opera CTO declined an appeal by Desmond Tutu to cancel a tour of Israel 98 The CTO stated that the company was reluctant to adopt the essentially political position of disengagement from cultural ties with Israel or with Palestine 98 and that they had been in negotiations for four years and would respect the contract 99 Madonna s The MDNA Tour began in May 2012 in Tel Aviv Israel 100 She said that the concert in Tel Aviv was a peace concert and offered about 600 tickets to the show to various Israeli and Palestinian groups but this offer was rejected by Anarchists Against the Wall and the Sheikh Jarrah Solidarity group The offer was accepted by the Palestinian Israeli Peace NGO Forum 101 Madonna s performance was criticized by Omar Barghouti 102 In January 2014 Scarlett Johansson started to promote SodaStream an Israeli company operating in Ma ale Adumim a West Bank settlement which sparked criticism from Oxfam In response Johansson severed ties with Oxfam after eight years saying she supports trade and social interaction between a democratic Israel and Palestine and she has a fundamental difference of opinion with Oxfam in regards to the boycott divestment and sanctions movement 103 Two years later Oxfam CEO Mark Goldring lamented that losing Johansson over BDS was something of a PR disaster that had cost Oxfam literally thousands of donors 104 In October 2015 J K Rowling was one of the 150 people from the British arts world who signed a letter against the call for a boycott of Israel that was made in February The signatories of the letter said cultural boycotts singling out Israel are divisive and discriminatory and will not further peace Open dialogue and interaction promote greater understanding and mutual acceptance and it is through such understanding and acceptance that movement can be made towards a resolution of the conflict Some of the signatories were closely aligned with Israel for example via the Conservative Friends of Israel and Labour Friends of Israel 105 106 107 Other artists who have voiced opposition to the campaign include writers Umberto Eco 108 and film makers Joel and Ethan Coen 109 Novelist Ian McEwan upon being awarded the Jerusalem Prize was urged to turn it down but said that If I only went to countries that I approve of I probably would never get out of bed It s not great if everyone stops talking 108 Many musicians such as Elton John Leonard Cohen Lady Gaga Rihanna Radiohead Metallica Editors Placebo LCD Soundsystem MGMT Justin Bieber Ziggy Marley 110 Red Hot Chili Peppers Mark Ronson Depeche Mode Gilberto Gil Daniela Mercury Rolling Stones 111 112 Alicia Keys 108 113 Tom Jones 114 Riverdance 115 PiL 116 Eric Burdon 117 and Bon Jovi 118 have chosen to perform in Israel in recent years In October 2021 over 200 celebrities including Mila Kunis Billy Porter Neil Patrick Harris Helen Mirren Lance Bass and Jeremy Piven signed an open letter repudiating calls for a boycott of the Tel Aviv International LGBT Film Festival 119 Public figures In February 2012 Norman Finkelstein launched a blistering attack of the BDS movement during an interview saying it was a hypocritical dishonest cult that tries to cleverly pose as human rights activists while in reality their goal is to destroy Israel 120 In addition he said I m getting a little bit exasperated with what I think is a whole lot of nonsense I m not going to tolerate silliness childishness and a lot of leftist posturing I loathe the disingenuousness We will never hear the solidarity movement back a two state solution Furthermore Finkelstein stated that the BDS movement has had very few successes and that just like a cult the leaders pretend that they are hugely successful when in reality the general public rejects their extreme views He does mention though that he supports the idea of a non violent BDS movement 120 Though Israeli chocolate company Max Brenner is targeted by some Australian Palestinian activists the Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs and former Prime Minister Kevin Rudd said I don t think in 21st century Australia there is a place for the attempted boycott of a Jewish business 121 Senior figures in the Australian Labor Party linked action against the Australian Greens at a state conference where the Greens were denied automatic preferences to the Greens previous support for the BDS movement Former New South Wales treasurer and Australian Labor Party general secretary Eric Roozendaal and fellow Legislative Councillor Walt Secord stated The Greens will carry forever the stain of their support for the BDS campaign and their attempts to delegitimise Israel and the Jewish community and this is one of the reasons why we must stand strong against the Greens 122 In April 2013 Prime Minister Julia Gillard said that the campaign does not serve the cause of peace and diplomacy for agreement on a two state solution between Israel and Palestine and added that Australia has always had firm opposition to the BDS movement 123 Representing the Coalition prior to the 2013 federal election Liberal Party deputy leader Julie Bishop reaffirmed Gillard s stance by promising to cut off federal grants for individuals and institutions who support the BDS campaign On 29 May 2013 Jewish Australian academics Andrew Benjamin Michele Grossman and David Goodman condemned the Coalition s election promise as an anti democratic gesture par excellence 124 In February 2014 Israeli Ambassador to the UK Daniel Taub said in a CNN interview that proponents of a boycott on Israeli goods are making a mistake and sending a problematic message to Palestinian negotiators If they genuinely want to advance peace what they re really doing is they re sending a double message They re sending a message to the Palestinian that they don t need to be sitting at the negotiating table 125 Ed Husain writing in The New York Times says that the boycott of Israel should end since it is hurting the Palestinians more than helping them Husain believes that the voice of the Palestinian imams who want to see an end to the boycott needs to be amplified as well as those religious leaders in Egypt and in Saudi Arabia who advocate peace 126 Official and legal responsesFurther information Anti BDS laws Arab League boycott of Israel Foreign reactions to the boycott Occupied Territories Bill and Law for Prevention of Damage to State of Israel through BoycottSee also nbsp Israel portalBuycott Constructive engagement Criticism of Israel Israeli passportReferences Losman 1972 p 99 Tripp 2013 p 125 the BDS organized urged various forms of boycott against Israel until it meets its obligations under international law Turck 1977 p 472 Bruton F Brinley et al Israel fights boycott movement as pro Palestinian campaign gains global support Archived 21 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine NBC News 10 February 2019 21 May 2019 a b Feiler Gil Arab Boycott The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East Ed Avraham Sela New York Continuum 2002 pp 54 57 Feiler Gil 1998 From Boycott to Economic Cooperation The Political Economy of the Arab Boycott of Israel Psychology Press p 22 ISBN 9780714648668 via Google Books William J Miller 3 June 2016 Arab Boycott World Encyclopedia of Law Turck 1977 pp 472 493 a b c Joyce Shems Sharon May 2003 The Arab Boycott Against Israel and Its Unintended Impact on Arab Economic Welfare MA Tufts University hdl 10427 9479 islamic office for the boycott of israel PDF Archived from the original PDF on 5 October 2015 Erdogan Says Turkey May Ban Some Israeli Products over Gaza Events The Jerusalem Post Reuters 22 May 2018 a b nbsp This article incorporates public domain material from Arab League Boycott of Israel PDF Congressional Research Service Sudan working to cancel Israel boycott law report The Jerusalem Post JPost com 23 January 2021 Gotz Prof Dr Norbert Western Europeans and Others The Making of Europe at the United Nations Alternatives 33 2008 3 359 381 via www academia edu a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help UN Commission for Human Rights Resolution 624 Justin Gruenberg An Analysis of United Nations Security Council Resolutions Archived 10 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine p 479 n 68 Tovah Lazaroff 1 December 2013 Israel invited to join UN s Western nations group in Geneva The Jerusalem Post H RES 1249 PDF 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26 December 2017 Lahav Harkov 24 May 2018 Dershowitz to sue against Israeli flag ban at sports events in Arab states The Jerusalem Post Gil Hoffman 20 July 2018 Regev gets Israeli flag less Tunis Abu Dhabi judo events cancelled The Jerusalem Post Tunisia Could Lose Chance to Host World Chess Meet after Banning Israelis The Jerusalem Post Reiche Danyel 31 October 2018 Not Allowed to Win Lebanon s Sporting Boycott of Israel The Middle East Journal 72 1 28 47 doi 10 3751 72 1 12 S2CID 148868751 via Project MUSE staff T O I Algeria skips US goalball match at Rio Paralympics likely to avoid Israel draw www timesofisrael com Druze Israeli advances as Iraqi foe refuses to fight The Jerusalem Post 7 August 2018 Picazo Raul Daffunchio 24 February 2024 French lawmakers call on Olympic committee to sanction Israel insidethegames biz Retrieved 25 February 2024 More than 300 Palestinian sports clubs call for Israel Olympic Games ban Al Jazeera 18 January 2024 Zirin Dave 10 January 2024 Will the IOC Do Anything About the Killing of Palestinian Athletes The Nation Zidan Karim 18 January 2024 The case for sports sanctions against Israel The Guardian Israel s Olympic status not in question says IOC president Bach amid frustration with Russia AP Retrieved 7 March 2024 Bass Gary J When Israel and France Broke Up Archived 8 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times 31 March 2010 21 May 2019 Ravid Barak 5 August 2014 Spain freezes arms exports to Israel over Gaza op Haaretz World outrage grows as Israel pursues quiet and security Guardian weekly 8 14 August 2014 UK ready to suspend arms exports to Israel Financial Times 12 August 2014 subscription required UN Human Rights Council approves call for arms embargo against Israel The Jerusalem Post JPost com 23 March 2018 Juliane Helmhold 29 April 2018 Amnesty International renews call for Arms embargoes against Israel The Jerusalem Post Tripp 2013 pp 125 6 David M Halbfinger Michael Wines Steven Erlanger 27 July 2019 Is B D S Anti 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Pessin and Ben Atar Indiana UP 2018 pp 1 40 Gerstmann Evan Why An Academic Boycott Of Israel Is Hypocritical Archived 24 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine Forbes 21 February 2019 21 May 2019 Newman David Britain and the academic boycott of Israel Archived 24 September 2021 at the Wayback Machine Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs 2 2 45 56 2008 Israel Palestine and the Paradoxes of Academic Freedom Archived from the original on 2 February 2014 Retrieved 3 February 2014 Benjamin Joffe Walt 30 May 2006 Lecturers back boycott of Israeli academics The Guardian London Traubmann Tamara 12 June 2006 British academic boycott expires after teaching unions merge Haaretz Julius Anthony Trials of the Diaspora A History of Anti Semitism in England Oxford Oxford UP 2010 p 443 Ahren Raphael 29 January 2009 For first time U S professors call for academic and cultural boycott of Israel Haaretz Spain contest bans Israeli team affiliated with West Bank college Haaretz Associated Press 7 December 2010 Retrieved 13 December 2010 NTNU says no to academic boycott of Israel Archived 18 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine Press release Norwegian University of Science and Technology 12 November 2009 University of Johannesburg votes to sever ties with BGU Archived 23 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine The Jerusalem Post 24 March 2011 Kalman Matthew 25 March 2011 U of Johannesburg Official UJ Is Not Part of an Academic Boycott of Israel The Chronicle of Higher Education Harris Ben 5 January 2012 Penn distances itself from BDS conference Jewish Telegraphic Agency Booth Robert Harriet Sherwood 10 May 2013 Noam Chomsky helped lobby Stephen Hawking to stage Israel boycott The Guardian London Retrieved 14 May 2013 Sherwood Harriet Matthew Kalman 8 May 2013 Stephen Hawking joins academic boycott of Israel The Guardian London Retrieved 8 May 2013 Stephen Hawking Makes a Peaceful Protest The Boston Globe 11 May 2013 Retrieved 14 May 2013 Brian Martin 14 May 2013 Academics and activism Stephen Hawking and the Israel boycott The Conversation Australia Retrieved 14 May 2013 Boycott of Israeli Academic Institutions ASA www theasa net Council Statement on the Boycott of Israeli Academic Institutions American Studies Association 4 December 2013 92 universities reject academic boycott of Israel The Jerusalem Post 1 January 2014 500 Mideast scholars call for academic embargo of Israeli institutions Archived 4 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine The Jerusalem Post 3 October 2014 More than 500 anthropologists join academic boycott of Israel Haaretz 5 October 2014 Italian scholars boycott Israeli academic institutions Al Jazeera January 30 2016 Archived 7 February 2016 at the Wayback MachineItalian academics call for boycott of Israeli universities Ynet January 29 2016 Archived 1 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine Rage Against the Machine Roger Waters Serj Tankian among many to boycott Israel The Business Standard 2 June 2021 Questlove Run the Jewels Rage Against the Machine amp More Urge Artists to Boycott Israel in Open Letter Billboard 27 May 2021 The boycott movement against Israel explained Vox 23 October 2023 Eurovision boycott demands over Israel s involvement Sky News 18 December 2023 FTT Urges RUV to Boycott Eurovision if Israel Competes icelandreview com 13 December 2023 Israel Time to Divest Archived 6 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine Desmond Tutu New Internationalist magazine January February 2003 MacAskill Ewen Diplomatic editor The Guardian 5 February 2004 EU declares right to boycott Israel is protected by free speech The Independent 2 November 2016 Growing outrage at the killings in Gaza The Guardian 15 January 2009 archived at UK Academics Write to the Guardian Israel Must Lose Engage 16 January 2009 Archived from the original on 21 July 2011 Retrieved 13 December 2010 UK s Jewish MP calls it Nazi like operation Agence France Presse 16 January 2008 Retrieved 16 January 2008 McGreal Chris 28 November 2012 Nobel peace laureates call for Israel military boycott over Gaza assault The Guardian ADL Calls Presbyterian s Action on Disinvestment from Israel Outrageous and Biased Claims Leadership Is Out Of Sync with the People in the Pews Anti Defamation League 24 November 2006 Archived from the original on 24 November 2006 Retrieved 14 January 2018 Cooperman Alan 29 September 2004 Israel Divestiture Spurs Clash The Washington Post Retrieved 22 July 2008 ADL Slams British Academic Boycott Policy Archived 25 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine Anti Defamation League 26 May 2006 Retrieved 16 May 2008 Lecturers call for Israel boycott Archived 2 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine BBC 30 May 2006 Retrieved 16 September 2006 Traubmann Tamara Benjamin Joffe Walt 20 June 2006 Israeli university boycott how a campaign backfired The Guardian Retrieved 17 September 2006 Editorial The New York Sun 6 May 2005 Facing Up to the AUT Archived 21 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine Anthony Julius and Alan Dershowitz in The Times Online 13 June 2007 1 Archived 26 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine The Left s anti Semitism can t go unchallenged Times Higher Education 2 June 2006 Retrieved 13 December 2010 Boycotting Israel New pariah on the block The Economist 13 September 2007 Steinberg Gerald Jason Edelstein 6 November 2010 Turning the tables on BDS The Jerusalem Post Retrieved 13 December 2010 Israel Apartheid Week and efforts to combat it begin The Jerusalem Post JPost com 7 March 2011 a b c Paul McCartney promises Israel gig will go ahead despite death threats The Guardian 16 September 2008 a b Cape Town Opera to go on Israel tour despite Tutu plea BBC News 27 October 2010 Cape Town Opera s Tour to Israel Archived from the original on 5 June 2012 Madonna Kicks Off MDNA Tour in Tel Aviv Rolling Stone Hasson Nir 31 May 2012 Israeli Left wing NGOs Split on Accepting Madonna s Invite to Tel Aviv Show Haaretz Israel is new South Africa as boycott calls increase Archived 1 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine The Independent 3 June 2012 Scarlett Johansson Steps Down as Oxfam Ambassador Archived 21 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine Hollywood Reporter 29 January 2014 18 June 2020 Brindle David Oxfam boss admits errors over Scarlett Johansson row Archived 20 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine The Guardian 15 December 2016 18 June 2020 J K Rowling Harry Potter author comes out against BDS movement The Jerusalem Post 22 October 2015 Israel needs cultural bridges not boycotts letter from 149 opponents of a cultural boycott of Israel including JK Rowling and Simon Schama Archived 22 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine The Guardian 22 October 2015 Sherwood Harriet 22 October 2015 Star authors call for Israeli Palestinian dialogue rather than boycotts The Guardian a b c Israel boycotters target authors artists Ynetnews 5 March 2011 Retrieved 23 March 2011 Kling Amit 15 May 2011 Coen Brothers Boycotting Israel Is a Mistake Haaretz City Mouse Online Coorsh Karolyn 20 July 2011 Reggae star Ziggy Marley rejects calls to boycott Israel The Jerusalem Post Real satisfaction Rolling Stones choose Israel over BDS boycott Archived 4 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine Fox News 1 April 2014 The Rolling Stones in Israel It s only rock n roll but we loved it Archived 7 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine The Times of Israel 5 June 2014 Alicia Keys to Go Forward With Israel Concert Despite Pressure From BDS Movement Haaretz 31 May 2013 Miller Sara 29 July 2013 My my my Tom Jones said to be coming to Israel The Jerusalem Post Sailing with the Riverdance of life Archived 3 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine 09 13 11 Lydon John 20 July 2010 Lydon Slams Critics Over Israel Show Contactmusic com Retrieved 13 December 2010 Eric Burdon from Band The Animals To Play in Israel The Forward JTA 29 July 2013 Harkov Lahav 4 October 2015 Bon Jovi helps Israelis Keep the Faith with empowering songs on a difficult night The Jerusalem Post Over 200 celebrities sign letter denouncing boycott of Israel The Jerusalem Post JPost com 28 October 2021 Retrieved 1 November 2021 a b Dysch Marcus 16 February 2012 Finkelstein disowns silly Israel boycott The Jewish Chronicle Retrieved 5 January 2018 Australian lawmakers support Israeli business Jewish Telegraphic Agency 14 July 2011 Retrieved 23 August 2012 Kerr Christian 17 July 2012 Support for boycotts on Israel backfired The Australian Retrieved 17 July 2012 Julia Gillard denounces activists as anti Israel protest turns anti Semitic Higgins Ean 29 May 2013 In a democracy freedom of expression had to allow a capacity for dissent The Australian Retrieved 29 May 2013 Mick Krever 7 February 2014 Israel boycotters making a mistake sending bad message to Palestinians says Israel ambassador CNN Retrieved 14 January 2018 Husain Ed 6 March 2013 Op Ed End the Arab Boycott of Israel The New York Times Retrieved 5 January 2018 Sources Losman Donald L April 1972 The Arab Boycott of Israel International Journal of Middle East Studies 3 2 99 122 doi 10 1017 S0020743800024831 JSTOR 162679 S2CID 154621339 Turck Nancy April 1977 The Arab Boycott of Israel Foreign Affairs 55 3 472 493 doi 10 2307 20039682 JSTOR 20039682 Tripp Charles 25 February 2013 The Power and the People Paths of Resistance in the Middle East Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 80965 8 External links nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Boycotts of Israel nbsp Wikisource has original text related to this article Palestinian civil society calls for boycott divestment and sanctions against Israel Legislative Agenda Opposing Boycott Divestment and Sanctions Archived 3 September 2019 at the Wayback Machine American Israel Public Affairs Committee BDS Movement Boycott Divestment and Sanctions Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Boycotts of Israel amp oldid 1215973447, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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