Western European and Others Group
The Group of Western European and Other States, also known as the Western European and Other States Group or WEOG (French: Groupe des États d'Europe occidentale et autres États, GEOA, Spanish: Europa Occidental y otros Estados), is one of the five United Nations regional groups and is composed of 28 Member States mainly from Western Europe, but also from Oceania, Northern America, and Western Asia.[1]
| Abbreviation | WEOG |
|---|---|
| Formation | 1961 |
| Type | Regional group |
| Legal status | Active |
| Politics portal | |
The Group is a non-binding dialogue group where subjects concerning regional and international matters are discussed. Additionally, the Group works to help allocate seats on United Nations bodies by nominating candidates from the region.[2][3][4]
Unlike most other Regional Groups, WEOG is unusual in that geography is not the sole defining factor of its membership. Instead, its membership is based on geopolitical breakdown, being part of the "Western world" of affluent, developed liberal democracies, and are either part of Western Europe or one of its former settler colonies, and part of the NATO military alliance and/or the US-led western military-economic community.[5][6]
Membership
Member states
The following are the current Member States of the Western European and Others Group:[7][8]
Observer states
- United States of America[g]
- The United States of America is not formally a member of any regional group, but attends meetings of WEOG as an observer and is considered to be a member of the group for electoral purposes.[7]
- Vatican City[9]
Israel
While geographically located in Asia, Israel has been blocked from joining the Asia-Pacific Group by various Arab states. Since the regional groupings were created in the early 1960s, Israel had been unable to participate in the political and professional consultations within the framework of the United Nations and its agencies. It was also unable to have its representatives elected to United Nations institutions due to the fact that it was not part of any regional group.[5][10]
This changed in May 2000, when Israel became a temporary member of the WEOG at the United Nations in New York, allowing it to put forward candidates for election to various United Nations General Assembly bodies. However, this temporary membership still precluded Israel from participating in activities at United Nations offices in Geneva, Nairobi, Rome and Vienna.[11]
On 30 April 2004, the United States House of Representatives passed a resolution calling for the full inclusion of Israel in WEOG, directing the U.S. Government to pursue action to "ensure the extension and upgrade of Israel's membership in the Western European and Others Group at the United Nations."[12] This was accomplished in May 2004, when Israel was granted a permanent renewal for WOEG proceedings in New York.
However, it wasn't until November 2013 when Israel was finally admitted into WEOG proceedings at the United Nations Geneva Office, 1 January 2014.[13][14]
Suggested reform
In his address before the General Assembly at the 55th General Debate, Vinci Niel Clodumar, the head of the Nauru Delegation, advocated for the creation of a new Oceania regional group to include both Australia and New Zealand, as well as the ASEAN member countries, Japan, the Republic of Korea and the Pacific island countries. In his speech he mentioned that "the 11 Pacific island countries are drowning in the Asian Group, while Australia and New Zealand...are marooned in the Group of Western European and other States."[15]
Representation
Security Council
The Western European and Other States Group holds 5 seats on the Security Council, 2 non-permanent and 3 permanent. The current members of the Security Council from the Group are:[16][17]
| Country | Term |
|---|---|
| France | Permanent |
| United States of America | Permanent |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | Permanent |
| Ireland | 1 January 2021 – 31 December 2022 |
| Norway | 1 January 2021 – 31 December 2022 |
Economic and Social Council
The Western European and Other States Group holds 13 seats on the United Nations Economic and Social Council. The current members of the Economic and Social Council from the Group are:[18][19]
| Country | Term |
|---|---|
| Austria | 1 January 2021 – 31 December 2023 |
| France | |
| Germany | |
| Portugal | |
| United Kingdom | |
| Belgium | 1 January 2022 – 31 December 2024 |
| Canada | |
| Italy | |
| United States of America | |
| Australia | 1 January 2020 – 31 December 2022 |
| Finland | |
| Norway | |
| Switzerland |
Human Rights Council
The Western European and Other States Group holds 7 seats on the United Nations Human Rights Council. The current members of the Economic and Social Council from the Group are:[20][21]
| Country | Term |
|---|---|
| France | 1 January 2021 – 31 December 2023 |
| United Kingdom | |
| Finland | 1 January 2022 – 31 December 2024 |
| Luxembourg | |
| United States | |
| Germany | 1 January 2020 – 31 December 2022 |
| Netherlands |
Presidency of the General Assembly
Every five years in the years ending in 0 and 5, the Western European and Other States Group is eligible to elect a president to the General Assembly.[1]
The following is a list of presidents from the region since its official creation in 1961:[22]
| Year Elected | Session | Name of President | Country | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1965 | 20th | Amintore Fanfani | Italy | |
| 1970 | 25th | Edvard Hambro | Norway | |
| 1975 | 30th | Gaston Thorn | Luxembourg | |
| 1980 | 35th | Rüdiger von Wechmar | Federal Republic of Germany | Also chaired the eighth emergency special session of the General Assembly |
| 1985 | 40th | Jaime de Piniés | Spain | Also chaired the thirteenth special session of the General Assembly |
| 1990 | 45th | Guido de Marco | Malta | |
| 1995 | 50th | Diogo de Freitas do Amaral | Portugal | |
| 2000 | 55th | Harri Holkeri | Finland | Also chaired the tenth emergency special, twenty-fifth special and twenty-sixth special sessions of the General Assembly |
| 2005 | 60th | Jan Eliasson | Sweden | |
| 2010 | 65th | Joseph Deiss | Switzerland | |
| 2015 | 70th | Mogens Lykketoft | Denmark | |
| 2020 | 75th | Volkan Bozkır | Turkey | |
| Future | ||||
| 2025 | 75th | TBD | TBD | |
| 2030 | 80th | TBD | TBD | |
| 2035 | 85th | TBD | TBD | |
Timeline of membership
As the Western European Group changed significantly over time, the number of its members had also changed.
| Years | Number of members | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1961–1964 | 20 | Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom and United States (observer) joins the WEOG. |
| 1964–1973 | 21 | Malta joins the UN. |
| 1973–1990 | 22 | West Germany joins the UN. |
| 1990 | 23 | German reunification, West Germany becomes Germany, Liechtenstein joins the UN. |
| 1992 | 24 | San Marino joins the UN as part of WEOG. |
| 1993–2000 | 26 | Monaco and Andorra join the UN as part of WEOG. |
| 2000–2002 | 27 | Israel joins the WEOG. |
| 2002–present | 28 | Switzerland joins the UN as part of WEOG. |
See also
References
- ^ a b Wanza, Serah N. (27 November 2017). "What Are The Five Regional Groups of the United Nations?". Worldatlas. Worldatlas. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
- ^ Agam, Hasmy, and Sam Daws, Terence O'Brien and Ramesh Takur (26 March 1999). What is Equitable Geographic Representation in the Twenty-First Century (PDF) (Report). United Nations University. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) - ^ Volger, Helmut, ed. (2010). (PDF). Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 592–6. ISBN 978-90-04-18004-8. S2CID 159105596. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-01-13.
- ^ Götz, Norbert (2008). "Western Europeans and Others: The Making of Europe at the United Nations". Alternatives. 33 (3): 359–81. doi:10.1177/030437540803300305. S2CID 145099552. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
- ^ a b "United Nations: Israel & the WEOG". Jewish Virtual Library. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. n.d. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
- ^ Service, America Times News (October 4, 2022). "Speech by H.E. President José Ramos-Horta of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste at the 77th Session of the United Nations General Assembly".
- ^ a b "United Nations Regional Groups of Member States". United Nations Department for General Assembly and Conference management. United Nations. n.d. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
- ^ "United Nations Handbook 2018–19" (PDF). United Nations Handbook: An Annual Guide for Those Working with and within the United Nations (56 ed.). Wellington: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of New Zealand: 15–17. 2018. ISSN 0110-1951.
- ^ a b Nations, United. "Groups of Member States". United Nations.
- ^ "Israel Accepted to WEOG". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. State of Israel. 28 May 2000. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
- ^ Crossette, Barbara (1 June 200). "Israel's Bittersweet Moment: One Step Out of Isolation at U.N." New York Times. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
- ^ "Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives in support of full membership of Israel in the Western European and Others Group at the United Nations". Resolution No. H.RES.615 of 30 April 2004. United States House of Representatives.
- ^ Kerry, John (2 December 2013). "Israel Invited To Join the Western European and Others Group (WEOG) in Geneva" (Press release). Washington, DC: U.S. Mission to International Organizations in Geneva. U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2020-01-13.
- ^ Lazaroff, Tovah (1 December 2013). "Israel invited to join UN's Western nations group in Geneva". Jerusalem Post. Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
- ^ United Nations General Assembly Session 55 Official Record PV.25. General Assembly: Fifty-fifth session - 25th plenary meeting A/55/PV.25 Vinci Niel Clodumar Nauru (in English). 20 September at 3pm. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
- ^ "Current Members". United Nations Security Council. United Nations. n.d. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
- ^ "General Assembly Elects Belgium, Dominican Republic, Germany, Indonesia, South Africa as Non-permanent Members of Security Council". United Nations Meetings Coverage & Press Releases. United Nations. 8 June 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
- ^ "Members". United Nations Economic and Social Council. United Nations. n.d. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
- ^ "General Assembly Elects 19 Economic and Social Council Members to Terms Beginning 1 January 2020, Adopts Resolution Commemorating Signing of United Nations Charter". United Nations Meetings Coverage & Press Releases. United Nations. 14 June 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
- ^ "Current Membership of the Human Rights Council, 1 January - 31 December 2019 by regional groups". United Nations Human Rights Council. United Nations. n.d. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
- ^ "General Assembly Elects 14 Member States to Human Rights Council, Appoints New Under-Secretary-General for Internal Oversight Services". United Nations Meetings Coverage & Press Releases. United Nations. 17 October 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
- ^ "Past Presidents". United Nations General Assembly. United Nations. n.d. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
Notes
- ^ Permanent member of the United Nations Security Council
- ^ Represented by West Germany until 1990. East Germany was part of the Eastern European Group 1973–1990.
- ^ Geographically located in Southeastern or Southern Europe, Greece was a member of the Western alliance during the Cold War and so was included in WEOG.
- ^ While geographically located in Asia, Israel has participated in WEOG since 2000
- ^ Mostly geographically located in Asia; Turkey is a member of both WEOG and the Asian Group, but for voting purposes is only part of WEOG.[9]
- ^ Permanent member of the United Nations Security Council
- ^ Permanent member of the United Nations Security Council