Bell County, Texas
Bell County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. It is in Central Texas and its county seat is Belton.[1]
Bell County | |
|---|---|
The Bell County Courthouse in Belton | |
Location within the U.S. state of Texas | |
Texas's location within the U.S. | |
| Coordinates: 31°02′N 97°29′W / 31.04°N 97.48°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Texas |
| Founded | 1850 |
| Named for | Peter Hansborough Bell |
| Seat | Belton |
| Largest city | Killeen |
| Area | |
| • Total | 1,088 sq mi (2,820 km2) |
| • Land | 1,051 sq mi (2,720 km2) |
| • Water | 37 sq mi (100 km2) 3.4% |
| Population (2020) | |
| • Total | 370,647 |
| • Density | 340/sq mi (130/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−6 (Central) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
| Congressional districts | 11th, 31st |
| Website | www |
As of the 2020 census, its population was 370,647.[2][3] Bell County is part of the Killeen–Temple, Texas, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The county was founded in 1850 and is named for Peter Hansborough Bell, the third governor of Texas.
In 2010, the center of population of Texas was located in Bell County, near the town of Holland.[4]
History edit
In 1834–1835, Little River became part of Robertson's Colony, made up of settlers from Nashville, Tennessee, led by Sterling C. Robertson; they were the families of Captain Goldsby Childers, Robert Davison, John Fulcher, Moses Griffin, John Needham, Michael Reed and his son William Whitaker Reed, William Taylor, and Judge Orville T. Tyler.[5] This area became known as the Tennessee Valley. Soon after (1836) the settlements were deserted during the Runaway Scrape,[6] reoccupied, deserted again after the Elmwood Creek Blood Scrape, and reoccupied. Texas Ranger George Erath established a fort on Little River.[7]
During 1843–44, settlers began returning.[5] The next year, the Republic of Texas founded Baylor Female College (since developed as University of Mary Hardin–Baylor).[8]
In 1850, Bell County was organized and named for Texas Governor Peter Hansborough Bell. The population then was 600 whites and 60 black slaves.[5] Belton[9] was designated as the county seat in 1851.
The last serious Indian raid in the area occurred in 1859.[5] Bell County assumed its present boundaries[5] with the 1860 resurvey of the line between Bell and Milam Counties.
In 1861, the county voted for secession from the Union.[5] Residents were divided, as many yeomen farmers did not support the war. From 1862 to 1865, Union sympathizers and Confederate deserters holed up in "Camp Safety".[5] Following the war, new social movements developed. In 1867, the Belton Women's Commonwealth, the first women's movement in Central Texas, was formed by Martha McWhirter. The group provided shelter to women in abusive relationships.[5]
During the early years of the Reconstruction era (1865–1877), so much violence occurred in the county that the government stationed federal troops in Belton. Some racist whites attacked blacks and their white supporters. Corruption, lawlessness, and racial divides were severe. As in many areas, a local version of white paramilitary insurgents developed who were similar to the Ku Klux Klan; they worked to suppress black and Republican voting.[5]
The coming of railroads in the late 19th century stimulated growth across the state. In 1881, the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway, the first railroad to be built in Bell County, established Temple as its headquarters.[5] Reflecting growth in the county, in 1884, the Bell County Courthouse was built. It is still used. The ambitious Renaissance Revival design was by architect Jasper N. Preston and Sons.[10] As another improvement, in 1905, the Belton and Temple Interurban electric railway was completed, providing service between the cities.[5]
During the 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan underwent a revival in Bell County. In many areas, it was concentrated on nativist issues, opposing Catholic and Jewish immigration from eastern and southern Europe. After a scandal involving the leader of the KKK, the group's influence declined markedly by the end of the decade.[5]
In 1925, Miriam A. Ferguson, a native of the county, was inaugurated as the first woman governor of the state.[11] She won re-election in 1932 for a nonconsecutive second term.[11]
The county and state supported founding Temple Junior College in 1926. The entry of the United States in World War II stimulated war spending across the country. In 1942, Fort Hood was opened as a military training base. It drew recruits from across the country.[5]
The postwar period was one of suburbanization in many areas. In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education that racial segregation in public schools, supported by all the taxpayers, was unconstitutional. Two years later, the Killeen school board voted to integrate the local high school. .[12]
The state founded Central Texas College in 1965 in Killeen.[12]
Since the late 20th century, new retail development has taken the form of large malls. In 1976, Temple Mall opened.[13] By 1980, Killeen became the most populous city in Bell County.[12] The following year, the Killeen Mall opened, adding to retail choices in the area.[14] In another type of development, the Bell County Expo Center opened in 1987.
Since the late 20th century, the county has been the site of several mass shootings. On October 16, 1991, in the Luby's shooting, George Hennard murdered 23 people and wounded 27 others before killing himself. It was the deadliest mass shooting in the United States at the time.[15] In the 2009 Fort Hood shooting, Army major Nidal Hasan murdered 13 people and wounded 30 others before being paralyzed in return fire.[16] In the 2014 Fort Hood shootings, Army Specialist Ivan Lopez murdered three people and wounded 16 others.[17]
Geography edit
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,088 square miles (2,820 km2), of which 1,051 square miles (2,720 km2) are land and 37 square miles (96 km2) (3.4%) are covered by water.[18]
Adjacent counties edit
- McLennan County (north)
- Falls County (northeast)
- Milam County (southeast)
- Williamson County (south)
- Burnet County (southwest)
- Lampasas County (west)
- Coryell County (northwest)
Demographics edit
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1860 | 4,799 | — | |
| 1870 | 9,771 | 103.6% | |
| 1880 | 20,518 | 110.0% | |
| 1890 | 33,377 | 62.7% | |
| 1900 | 45,535 | 36.4% | |
| 1910 | 49,186 | 8.0% | |
| 1920 | 46,412 | −5.6% | |
| 1930 | 50,030 | 7.8% | |
| 1940 | 44,863 | −10.3% | |
| 1950 | 73,824 | 64.6% | |
| 1960 | 94,097 | 27.5% | |
| 1970 | 124,483 | 32.3% | |
| 1980 | 157,889 | 26.8% | |
| 1990 | 191,088 | 21.0% | |
| 2000 | 237,974 | 24.5% | |
| 2010 | 310,235 | 30.4% | |
| 2020 | 370,647 | 19.5% | |
| 2023 (est.) | 393,193 | [19] | 6.1% |
| U.S. Decennial Census[20] 1850–2010[21] 2010[22] 2020[23] | |||
| Race / Ethnicity | Pop 2010[22] | Pop 2020[23] | % 2010 | % 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 157,289 | 156,780 | 50.70% | 42.30% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 63,380 | 80,759 | 20.43% | 21.79% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 1,484 | 1,448 | 0.48% | 0.39% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 8,350 | 10,884 | 2.69% | 2.94% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 2,245 | 3,454 | 0.72% | 0.93% |
| Some Other Race alone (NH) | 500 | 2,063 | 0.16% | 0.56% |
| Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) | 9,977 | 21,792 | 3.22% | 5.88% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 67,010 | 93,467 | 21.60% | 25.22% |
| Total | 310,235 | 370,647 | 100.00% | 100.00% |
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
As of the census[24] of 2010, 310,235 people, 114,035 households, and 80,449 families resided in the county. The population density was 295.2 people per square mile (114.0 people/km2). The 125,470 housing units averaged 88 units per square mile (34/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 61.4% White, 21.5% Black, 0.8% Native American, 2.8% Asian, 0.8% Pacific Islander, and 5.0% from two or more races. About 21.6% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race; 14.9% were of Mexican, 3.6% were of Puerto Rican, 0.2% Cuban, and 0.2% were of Dominican descent.
Of the 85,507 households, 40.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.60% were married couples living together, 12.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.50% were not families. About 22.30% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.14. As of the 2010 census, about 3.6 same-sex couples per 1,000 households were in the county.[25]
In the county, the population was distributed as 28.90% under the age of 18, 13.40% from 18 to 24, 31.90% from 25 to 44, 17.00% from 45 to 64, and 8.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.30 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $36,872, and for a family was $41,455. Males had a median income of $28,031 versus $22,364 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,219. About 9.70% of families and 12.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.30% of those under age 18 and 9.80% of those age 65 or over.
Education edit
Bell County is served by several school districts:
- Academy Independent School District
- Bartlett Independent School District (partial)
- Belton Independent School District
- Bruceville-Eddy Independent School District (partial)
- Copperas Cove Independent School District (partial)
- Florence Independent School District (partial)
- Gatesville Independent School District (partial)
- Holland Independent School District (partial)
- Killeen Independent School District (partial)
- Lampasas Independent School District (partial)
- Moody Independent School District (partial)
- Rogers Independent School District (partial)
- Rosebud-Lott Independent School District (partial)
- Salado Independent School District
- Temple Independent School District
- Troy Independent School District
Transportation edit
Major highways edit
These major highways run through Bell County:
- Interstate 14/U.S. Highway 190
- Interstate 35
- State Highway 36
- State Highway 53
- State Highway 95
- State Highway 195
Mass transit edit
The Hill Country Transit District operates a regularly scheduled fixed-route bus service within the urban areas of Killeen and Temple, as well as a paratransit service throughout the county.[26] Amtrak also has scheduled service to Temple.
Communities edit
Cities edit
- Bartlett (partly in Williamson County)
- Belton (county seat)
- Copperas Cove (mostly in Coryell County and a small part in Lampasas County)
- Harker Heights
- Holland
- Killeen (largest city)
- Little River-Academy
- Morgan's Point Resort
- Nolanville
- Rogers
- Temple
- Troy
Village edit
Census-designated place edit
- Fort Cavazos (partly in Coryell County)
- Pendleton
Unincorporated communities edit
Ghost towns edit
Politics edit
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2020 | 67,893 | 53.17% | 57,014 | 44.65% | 2,783 | 2.18% |
| 2016 | 51,998 | 54.33% | 37,801 | 39.50% | 5,902 | 6.17% |
| 2012 | 49,574 | 57.36% | 35,512 | 41.09% | 1,339 | 1.55% |
| 2008 | 49,242 | 54.36% | 40,413 | 44.61% | 935 | 1.03% |
| 2004 | 52,135 | 65.39% | 27,165 | 34.07% | 424 | 0.53% |
| 2000 | 41,208 | 65.11% | 21,011 | 33.20% | 1,072 | 1.69% |
| 1996 | 30,348 | 53.20% | 22,638 | 39.68% | 4,063 | 7.12% |
| 1992 | 24,936 | 45.27% | 18,684 | 33.92% | 11,457 | 20.80% |
| 1988 | 29,382 | 61.79% | 17,751 | 37.33% | 418 | 0.88% |
| 1984 | 31,117 | 69.52% | 13,322 | 29.76% | 323 | 0.72% |
| 1980 | 20,729 | 54.72% | 15,823 | 41.77% | 1,333 | 3.52% |
| 1976 | 15,126 | 45.96% | 17,499 | 53.17% | 287 | 0.87% |
| 1972 | 17,525 | 71.79% | 6,848 | 28.05% | 38 | 0.16% |
| 1968 | 5,705 | 26.98% | 11,893 | 56.24% | 3,547 | 16.77% |
| 1964 | 2,938 | 16.78% | 14,557 | 83.13% | 17 | 0.10% |
| 1960 | 4,606 | 30.13% | 10,651 | 69.67% | 31 | 0.20% |
| 1956 | 4,285 | 30.76% | 9,603 | 68.93% | 44 | 0.32% |
| 1952 | 4,862 | 33.86% | 9,484 | 66.05% | 12 | 0.08% |
| 1948 | 1,069 | 11.73% | 7,548 | 82.83% | 496 | 5.44% |
| 1944 | 763 | 8.52% | 6,960 | 77.72% | 1,232 | 13.76% |
| 1940 | 1,050 | 12.40% | 7,418 | 87.60% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1936 | 475 | 7.17% | 6,119 | 92.42% | 27 | 0.41% |
| 1932 | 724 | 8.67% | 7,607 | 91.06% | 23 | 0.28% |
| 1928 | 3,366 | 52.17% | 3,079 | 47.72% | 7 | 0.11% |
| 1924 | 1,632 | 17.26% | 7,273 | 76.91% | 552 | 5.84% |
| 1920 | 483 | 7.94% | 3,595 | 59.12% | 2,003 | 32.94% |
| 1916 | 356 | 8.54% | 3,615 | 86.75% | 196 | 4.70% |
| 1912 | 128 | 4.01% | 3,024 | 94.68% | 42 | 1.31% |
Politically, Bell County tends to support Republican Party candidates for office. It has voted for the Republican presidential nominee every cycle beginning with Ronald Reagan in 1980. The county has been trending Democratic, similar to the patterns of the state as a whole.
Democratic strength in the county is concentrated in the city of Killeen, which gave Joe Biden 63.4% of the vote in the 2020 election. The remainder of the county, particularly the cities of Belton and Temple, is much more strongly Republican.[28]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ . National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ^ "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Bell County, Texas". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2022.
- ^ "Bell County, Texas". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
- ^ "Centers of Population by State: 2010". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 29, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Connor, Seymour V; Odintz, Mark. "Bell County, Texas". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. from the original on December 21, 2010. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
- ^ Covington, Carolyn Callaway. "Runaway Scrape". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. from the original on November 12, 2010. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
- ^ Cutrer, Thomas W. "George Bernard Erath". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
- ^ Brackney, William H (2009). Congregation and Campus: Baptists in Higher Education. Mercer University Press. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-88146-130-5.
- ^ "Belton, Texas". Texas Escapes. Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
- ^ "Bell County Courthouse". Texas Escapes. Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
- ^ a b Huddleston, John. "Miriam Ferguson". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. from the original on December 21, 2010. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
- ^ a b c Leffler, John. "Killeen, Texas". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
- ^ (PDF). Urban Retail Properties. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 17, 2013. Retrieved December 31, 2011.
- ^ (PDF). Jones Lang Lasalle. March 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
- ^ Woodbury, Richard (October 28, 1991). . Time. Archived from the original on April 8, 2008. Retrieved April 6, 2018.
- ^ Rubin, Josh (August 6, 2013). "'I am the shooter,' Nidal Hasan tells Fort Hood court-martial". CNN. from the original on September 28, 2017. Retrieved August 7, 2013.
- ^ . KVUE. April 2, 2014. Archived from the original on April 5, 2014. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
- ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
- ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 6, 2024.
- ^ "Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades". US Census Bureau.
- ^ "Texas Almanac: Population History of Counties from 1850–2010" (PDF). Texas Almanac. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
- ^ a b "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Bell County, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ a b "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Bell County, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
- ^ Leonhardt, David; Quealy, Kevin (June 26, 2015), "Where Same-Sex Couples Live", The New York Times, retrieved July 6, 2015
- ^ "The Hop General Info". Hill Country Transit District. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
- ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved April 6, 2018.
- ^ "TX 2022 Congressional". Dave's Redistricting. Retrieved August 24, 2023.
External links edit
- Official website
- Bell County, Texas from the Handbook of Texas Online
- Bell County from the Texas Almanac
- Bell County from the TXGenWeb Project
- Bell County Ex Confederate Association Ledger, From 1888 To 1920.
- Historic Bell County materials, hosted by the Portal to Texas History.