Barringtonia asiatica (fish poison tree,[4][5]putat[4] or sea poison tree[4]) is a species of Barringtonia native to mangrove habitats from islands of the Indian Ocean in the west to tropical Asia and islands of the western Pacific Ocean.[4][5] It is grown along streets for decorative and shade purposes in some parts of India, for instance in some towns on the southeastern shore. It is also known as Box Fruit due to the distinct box-shaped fruit it produces.[6] The local name futu is the source of the name for the Polynesian island Futuna.[7] The type specimen was collected by botanist Pehr Osbeck on a sandy beach area on the island of Java, later to be described (and given the original name of Mammea asiatica) by Carl Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum in 1753[8] (and reassigned to the genus Barringtonia by Wilhelm Kurz in 1875).[9][10]
It is a small to medium-sized tree growing to 7–25 m tall. The leaves are narrow obovate, 20–40 cm in length and 10–20 cm in width. Fruit produced as mentioned earlier, is otherwise aptly known as the Box Fruit, due to distinct square like diagonals jutting out from the cross section of the fruit, given its semi spherical shape form from stem altering to a subpyramidal shape at its base. The fruit measures 9–11 cm in diameter, where a thick spongy fibrous layer covers the 4–5 cm diameter seed.[4][11]
Ecology
The fruit is dispersed in the same way as a coconut – by ocean current – and is extremely water-resistant and buoyant.[12] It can survive afloat for up to fifteen years;[6] it was one of the first plants to colonise Anak Krakatau when this island first appeared after the Krakatau eruption.[4] When washed ashore, and soaked by rainwater, the seeds germinate.
Human use
All parts of the tree are poisonous, the active poisons including saponins. Box fruits are potent enough to be used as a fish poison. The seeds are ground to a powder and used to stun or kill fish for easy capture,[4] suffocating the fish while the flesh is unaffected.[13]
^Razafiniary, V. (2021). "Barringtonia asiatica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T31339A166509744. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T31339A166509744.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
^ Under its treatment as Barringtonia asiatica (from its basionym Mammea asiatica L.), this species was published in Preliminary Report on the Forest and other Vegetation of Pegu App. A: 65. 1875. "Name - Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz". Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved November 1, 2011.
^ abcdefgRia Tan (2001). . Mangrove and wetland wildlife at Sungei Buloh Nature Park. Singapore. Archived from the original on December 2, 2011. Retrieved August 23, 2016.
^ abThiel, M.; Gutow, L. (2004). (PDF). Oceanography and Marine Biology - an Annual Review. Vol. 42. pp. 181–263. doi:10.1201/9780203507810.ch6. hdl:10533/176078. ISBN978-0-8493-2727-8. S2CID 55427985. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-24. Accessed 2009-05-31.
^Smith, S. Percy. "Futuna, or Horne Island, and Its People". The Journal of the Polynesian Society, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 33 – 52. 1892
^Mammea asiatica L. (the basionym to Barringtonia asiatica) was originally described and published in Species Plantarum 1: 512–513. 1753. "Name - Mammea asiatica L." Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved November 1, 2011.
^"Barringtonia asiatica". Australian Plant Name Index, IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
^Kurz, W.S. (1875). Appendix A: List of Burmese forest trees. Preliminary report on the forest and other vegetation of Pegu. p. 52.
^Tsou, C-H., and Mori, S.A. "Seed coat anatomy and its relationship to seed dispersal in subfamily Lecythidoideae of the Lecythidaceae (The Brazil Nut Family)." Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica. Vol. 43, 37-56. 2002. Accessed 2009-05-31.
^Thaman, R.R. "Receptors Batiri kei Baravi: The ethnobotany of the Pacific island coastal plants September 19, 2009, at the Wayback Machine." Atoll Research Bulletin. Vol. 361, 1-62. May, 1992. Accessed 2009-05-31.
March 14, 2023
barringtonia, asiatica, settlement, philippines, putat, cebu, village, brunei, kampong, putat, fish, poison, tree, putat, poison, tree, species, barringtonia, native, mangrove, habitats, from, islands, indian, ocean, west, tropical, asia, islands, western, pac. For the settlement in the Philippines see Putat Cebu For the village in Brunei see Kampong Putat Barringtonia asiatica fish poison tree 4 5 putat 4 or sea poison tree 4 is a species of Barringtonia native to mangrove habitats from islands of the Indian Ocean in the west to tropical Asia and islands of the western Pacific Ocean 4 5 It is grown along streets for decorative and shade purposes in some parts of India for instance in some towns on the southeastern shore It is also known as Box Fruit due to the distinct box shaped fruit it produces 6 The local name futu is the source of the name for the Polynesian island Futuna 7 The type specimen was collected by botanist Pehr Osbeck on a sandy beach area on the island of Java later to be described and given the original name of Mammea asiatica by Carl Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum in 1753 8 and reassigned to the genus Barringtonia by Wilhelm Kurz in 1875 9 10 Barringtonia asiaticaFlower and leaf BangladeshConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade AsteridsOrder EricalesFamily LecythidaceaeGenus BarringtoniaSpecies B asiaticaBinomial nameBarringtonia asiatica L Kurz 2 Synonyms 3 Agasta asiatica L Miers Agasta indica Miers Agasta splendida Miers Barringtonia butonica J R Forst amp G Forst Barringtonia levequii Jard Invalid Barringtonia littorea Oken Illegitimate Barringtonia senequei Jard Barringtonia speciosa J R Forst amp G Forst Barringtonia speciosa L f Butonica speciosa J R Forst amp G Forst Lam Huttum speciosum J R Forst amp G Forst Britten Mammea asiatica L Sy Michelia asiatica L Kuntze Mitraria commersonia J F Gmel Contents 1 Description 2 Ecology 3 Human use 4 Gallery 5 ReferencesDescription EditIt is a small to medium sized tree growing to 7 25 m tall The leaves are narrow obovate 20 40 cm in length and 10 20 cm in width Fruit produced as mentioned earlier is otherwise aptly known as the Box Fruit due to distinct square like diagonals jutting out from the cross section of the fruit given its semi spherical shape form from stem altering to a subpyramidal shape at its base The fruit measures 9 11 cm in diameter where a thick spongy fibrous layer covers the 4 5 cm diameter seed 4 11 Ecology EditThe fruit is dispersed in the same way as a coconut by ocean current and is extremely water resistant and buoyant 12 It can survive afloat for up to fifteen years 6 it was one of the first plants to colonise Anak Krakatau when this island first appeared after the Krakatau eruption 4 When washed ashore and soaked by rainwater the seeds germinate Human use EditAll parts of the tree are poisonous the active poisons including saponins Box fruits are potent enough to be used as a fish poison The seeds are ground to a powder and used to stun or kill fish for easy capture 4 suffocating the fish while the flesh is unaffected 13 Gallery Edit Illustration from Flora de Filipinas by Francisco Manuel Blanco Immature fruit about fist size FlowerReferences Edit Razafiniary V 2021 Barringtonia asiatica IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021 e T31339A166509744 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2021 1 RLTS T31339A166509744 en Retrieved 19 November 2021 Under its treatment as Barringtonia asiatica from its basionym Mammea asiatica L this species was published in Preliminary Report on the Forest and other Vegetation of Pegu App A 65 1875 Name Barringtonia asiatica L Kurz Tropicos Saint Louis Missouri Missouri Botanical Garden Retrieved November 1 2011 Barringtonia asiatica L Kurz World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 23 Mar 2016 via The Plant List a b c d e f g Ria Tan 2001 Sea Poison Tree Mangrove and wetland wildlife at Sungei Buloh Nature Park Singapore Archived from the original on December 2 2011 Retrieved August 23 2016 a b Barringtonia asiatica Germplasm Resources Information Network GRIN Agricultural Research Service ARS United States Department of Agriculture USDA Retrieved November 1 2011 a b Thiel M Gutow L 2004 The ecology of rafting in the marine environment I PDF Oceanography and Marine Biology an Annual Review Vol 42 pp 181 263 doi 10 1201 9780203507810 ch6 hdl 10533 176078 ISBN 978 0 8493 2727 8 S2CID 55427985 Archived from the original PDF on 2011 07 24 Accessed 2009 05 31 Smith S Percy Futuna or Horne Island and Its People The Journal of the Polynesian Society Vol 1 No 1 pp 33 52 1892 Mammea asiatica L the basionym to Barringtonia asiatica was originally described and published in Species Plantarum 1 512 513 1753 Name Mammea asiatica L Tropicos Saint Louis Missouri Missouri Botanical Garden Retrieved November 1 2011 Barringtonia asiatica Australian Plant Name Index IBIS database Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research Australian Government Kurz W S 1875 Appendix A List of Burmese forest trees Preliminary report on the forest and other vegetation of Pegu p 52 Flora of China Barringtonia asiatica Tsou C H and Mori S A Seed coat anatomy and its relationship to seed dispersal in subfamily Lecythidoideae of the Lecythidaceae The Brazil Nut Family Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica Vol 43 37 56 2002 Accessed 2009 05 31 Thaman R R Receptors Batiri kei Baravi The ethnobotany of the Pacific island coastal plants Archived September 19 2009 at the Wayback Machine Atoll Research Bulletin Vol 361 1 62 May 1992 Accessed 2009 05 31 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Barringtonia asiatica amp oldid 1120593422, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
