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Banovina (region)

Banovina or Banija is a geographical region in central Croatia, between the Sava, Una, Kupa and Glina[1] rivers. The main towns in the region include Petrinja, Glina, Kostajnica, and Dvor. There is no clear geographical border of the region towards the west and the neighboring region of Kordun.[1] The area of Banovina is today administratively almost entirely located within the Sisak-Moslavina County.

Banovina
Banija
Collage of Banovina Photos
Etymology: Croatian: banovina, lit.'banate'
Banovina on a map of Croatia. Banovina is located in the southern part of Sisak-Moslavina County
Country Croatia
Area
b
 • Total4,463 km2 (1,723 sq mi)
Population
 (2001)c
 • Total183,730
 • Density41/km2 (110/sq mi)
a Banovina is not designated as an official region, it is a geographic region only.
b The figure is an approximation based on the territorial span of Sisak-Moslavina County.
c The figure is an approximation based on the population of Sisak-Moslavina County.

Name

The region's principal names come from the word "ban", with other names in use having included Banska Zemlja ("Ban's Land") and Banska Krajina ("Ban's Frontier"), which is a reference to the medieval Ban of Croatia and the Military Frontier, specifically Croatian Military Frontier.[1][2][3]

In Serbian Cyrillic, the name is spelled Банија or Бановина. The word banovina is Croatian for "banate".

The term Banovina was more frequent as the name of the region in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The term Banija became more common in the second half of the 20th century, until the 1990s. Since then, both terms are equally in use.[4]

History

Prehistory

During the era of Chalcolithic Vučedol culture centered in Syrmia and eastern Slavonia spread to the area of modern day Banovina with known archaeological sites being those in Osječenica near the village of Gorička, Budim near the village of Mali Gradac and the Iron Age site next to the Una river in the village of Unčani.[5] During the Iron Age region was inhabited by a Celtic-Illyrians tribe of Segestani.[5]

Classical antiquity

During the Roman time the region was important transitional area between the provinces of Pannonia and Illyricum with nearby Siscia already serving as a regional center.[6] Until today archaeological excavation of Roman sites in the region remain limited.[7]

Middle Ages and Ottoman Conquest

The area surrounding Petrinja and Hrastovica belonged to the Kaptol while the area west of the Glina River belonged to the Topusko Abbey.[8] The Order of Cistercians received the abbey's possessions in 1205 from the Andrew II of Hungary.[8]

Habsburg Monarchy and Austro-Hungarian Empire

After the reconquest of Banija the region became a part of Glina Regiment of Zagreb General Command within the Croatian Military Frontier between 1553 and 1881. In November 1630, Holy Roman EmperorFerdinand II proclaimed the so-called Statuta Valachorum ("Vlach Statute"), which regulated the status of so-called Vlach settlers (in Banovina mostly ancestors of modern-day Serbs of Croatia) with regard to their military obligations and rights to internal self-administration. Croatian Military Frontier existed until 15 July 1881, when it was abolished and incorporated into the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia.

Kingdom of Yugoslavia

During the interwar period Banovina was divided between Vrbas Banovina whose seat was in Banja Luka and Sava Banovina whose seat was in Zagreb. In 1939 Sava Banovina became a part of the autonomous Banovina of Croatia.

World War II

During the World War II in Yugoslavia, the region was one of the main targets of the genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia. One of the most infamous mass killings was the Glina massacres of 2,000–2,400 people. Consequentially, the region also became one of the strongholds of the Yugoslav Partisans, Europe's most effective anti-Axis resistance movement.

Croatian War of Independence

During the Croatian War of Independence in the 1990s the entire region of Banovina became a part of internationally unrecognized self-proclaimed Republic of Serbian Krajina and known for infamous mass killings of Croats. Croatian government retook control over the region in 1995 via Croatian forces Operation Storm leading to mass fleeing of nearly the entire Serb population of Banovina and resulting serious depopulation of the region. Subsequent return was only partial and slow.

After the war, a number of towns and municipalities in the region were designated Areas of Special State Concern.

21st century

The 2020 Petrinja earthquake was a catastrophe that significantly affected this region. On 29 December 2020, the region was struck by a magnitude 6.4Mw earthquake, which killed seven people, including a seven-year-old girl.[9] Most of the buildings in both towns and villages were significantly damaged or completely destroyed.[10] The destruction combined with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic presented challenges for emergency workers to distribute aid and healthcare to the affected population.[11] Aftershocks continued to jolt the area in the subsequent days and weeks, including a magnitude 4.1 over two weeks later.[12][13]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Škiljan 2008, p. 4.
  2. ^ Dalibor Brozović, Hrvatska enciklopedija (LZMK), 1. sv. (A – Bd), Leksikografski zavod »Miroslav Krleža«, Zagreb, 1999, str. 600; ISBN 953-6036-29-0
  3. ^ "Banija (Banovina)". Proleksis Encyclopedia (in Croatian). Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža. 2013-10-03. Retrieved 2021-01-11.
  4. ^ "Povjesničar raspleo lažnu dilemu: I Banovina i Banija! Prvi se pojam prije sto godina koristio dvaput češće nego drugi, ali..." [A historian unraveled a false dilemma: Both Banovina and Banija! The first term was used twice as often a hundred years ago than the second, but ...]. tportal.hr. 13 January 2021.
  5. ^ a b Škiljan 2008, p. 5.
  6. ^ Škiljan 2008, p. 6.
  7. ^ Škiljan 2008[page needed]
  8. ^ a b Škiljan 2008, p. 7.
  9. ^ "Croatia earthquake: Seven dead as rescuers search rubble for survivors". BBC News. 2020-12-30. Retrieved 2021-01-04.
  10. ^ "Croatia earthquake: Rescue efforts under way in Petrinja". BBC. Retrieved 2020-12-29.
  11. ^ Bijelić, N., Brzev, S., Lazarević, D. (30 December 2020). "Croatian earthquake causes significant damage". Temblor. Retrieved 17 January 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ "M6.4 CROATIA on December 29th 2020 at 11:19 UTC".
  13. ^ M.T (15 January 2021). "Novi potres od 4,1 po Richteru zatresao Banovinu, osjetio se u cijeloj središnjoj Hrvatskoj: "Sve se treslo, zemlja i kuća", "Dobro je zadrmalo"". Dnevnik. Retrieved 17 January 2021.

Sources

  • Škiljan, Filip (2008). Kulturno – historijski spomenici Banije s pregledom povijesti Banije od prapovijesti do 1881 [Cultural and historical monuments of Banija with an overview of history Banija from prehistory to 1881.] (in Serbian). Zagreb, Croatia: Serb National Council. ISBN 978-953-7442-04-0.

External links

  • Opačić, Nives (23 January 2003). "Mrvice s banskoga stola". Vijenac (in Croatian). Matica hrvatska (232). Retrieved 18 January 2021. (Essay about names derived from the title Ban)

Coordinates: 45°20′36″N 16°13′07″E / 45.34333°N 16.21861°E / 45.34333; 16.21861

banovina, region, banovina, banija, geographical, region, central, croatia, between, sava, kupa, glina, rivers, main, towns, region, include, petrinja, glina, kostajnica, dvor, there, clear, geographical, border, region, towards, west, neighboring, region, kor. Banovina or Banija is a geographical region in central Croatia between the Sava Una Kupa and Glina 1 rivers The main towns in the region include Petrinja Glina Kostajnica and Dvor There is no clear geographical border of the region towards the west and the neighboring region of Kordun 1 The area of Banovina is today administratively almost entirely located within the Sisak Moslavina County Banovina BanijaGeographic regionaCollage of Banovina PhotosEtymology Croatian banovina lit banate Banovina on a map of Croatia Banovina is located in the southern part of Sisak Moslavina CountyCountry CroatiaAreab Total4 463 km2 1 723 sq mi Population 2001 c Total183 730 Density41 km2 110 sq mi a Banovina is not designated as an official region it is a geographic region only b The figure is an approximation based on the territorial span of Sisak Moslavina County c The figure is an approximation based on the population of Sisak Moslavina County Contents 1 Name 2 History 2 1 Prehistory 2 2 Classical antiquity 2 3 Middle Ages and Ottoman Conquest 2 4 Habsburg Monarchy and Austro Hungarian Empire 2 5 Kingdom of Yugoslavia 2 6 World War II 2 7 Croatian War of Independence 2 8 21st century 3 See also 4 References 5 Sources 6 External linksName EditThe region s principal names come from the word ban with other names in use having included Banska Zemlja Ban s Land and Banska Krajina Ban s Frontier which is a reference to the medieval Ban of Croatia and the Military Frontier specifically Croatian Military Frontier 1 2 3 In Serbian Cyrillic the name is spelled Baniјa or Banovina The word banovina is Croatian for banate The term Banovina was more frequent as the name of the region in the 19th and early 20th centuries The term Banija became more common in the second half of the 20th century until the 1990s Since then both terms are equally in use 4 History EditPrehistory Edit During the era of Chalcolithic Vucedol culture centered in Syrmia and eastern Slavonia spread to the area of modern day Banovina with known archaeological sites being those in Osjecenica near the village of Goricka Budim near the village of Mali Gradac and the Iron Age site next to the Una river in the village of Uncani 5 During the Iron Age region was inhabited by a Celtic Illyrians tribe of Segestani 5 Classical antiquity Edit During the Roman time the region was important transitional area between the provinces of Pannonia and Illyricum with nearby Siscia already serving as a regional center 6 Until today archaeological excavation of Roman sites in the region remain limited 7 Middle Ages and Ottoman Conquest Edit The area surrounding Petrinja and Hrastovica belonged to the Kaptol while the area west of the Glina River belonged to the Topusko Abbey 8 The Order of Cistercians received the abbey s possessions in 1205 from the Andrew II of Hungary 8 Habsburg Monarchy and Austro Hungarian Empire Edit After the reconquest of Banija the region became a part of Glina Regiment of Zagreb General Command within the Croatian Military Frontier between 1553 and 1881 In November 1630 Holy Roman EmperorFerdinand II proclaimed the so called Statuta Valachorum Vlach Statute which regulated the status of so called Vlach settlers in Banovina mostly ancestors of modern day Serbs of Croatia with regard to their military obligations and rights to internal self administration Croatian Military Frontier existed until 15 July 1881 when it was abolished and incorporated into the Kingdom of Croatia Slavonia Kingdom of Yugoslavia Edit During the interwar period Banovina was divided between Vrbas Banovina whose seat was in Banja Luka and Sava Banovina whose seat was in Zagreb In 1939 Sava Banovina became a part of the autonomous Banovina of Croatia World War II Edit Monument to the uprising of the people of Kordun and Banija See also Monument to the uprising of the people of Kordun and Banija and Slabinja Monument During the World War II in Yugoslavia the region was one of the main targets of the genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia One of the most infamous mass killings was the Glina massacres of 2 000 2 400 people Consequentially the region also became one of the strongholds of the Yugoslav Partisans Europe s most effective anti Axis resistance movement Croatian War of Independence Edit See also Josevica massacre During the Croatian War of Independence in the 1990s the entire region of Banovina became a part of internationally unrecognized self proclaimed Republic of Serbian Krajina and known for infamous mass killings of Croats Croatian government retook control over the region in 1995 via Croatian forces Operation Storm leading to mass fleeing of nearly the entire Serb population of Banovina and resulting serious depopulation of the region Subsequent return was only partial and slow After the war a number of towns and municipalities in the region were designated Areas of Special State Concern 21st century Edit The 2020 Petrinja earthquake was a catastrophe that significantly affected this region On 29 December 2020 the region was struck by a magnitude 6 4Mw earthquake which killed seven people including a seven year old girl 9 Most of the buildings in both towns and villages were significantly damaged or completely destroyed 10 The destruction combined with the ongoing COVID 19 pandemic presented challenges for emergency workers to distribute aid and healthcare to the affected population 11 Aftershocks continued to jolt the area in the subsequent days and weeks including a magnitude 4 1 over two weeks later 12 13 See also EditGeography of Croatia Glina Croatia Petrinja Hrvatska Kostajnica Dvor Croatia Sunja Sisak Moslavina County Donji KukuruzariReferences Edit a b c Skiljan 2008 p 4 Dalibor Brozovic Hrvatska enciklopedija LZMK 1 sv A Bd Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleza Zagreb 1999 str 600 ISBN 953 6036 29 0 Banija Banovina Proleksis Encyclopedia in Croatian Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleza 2013 10 03 Retrieved 2021 01 11 Povjesnicar raspleo laznu dilemu I Banovina i Banija Prvi se pojam prije sto godina koristio dvaput cesce nego drugi ali A historian unraveled a false dilemma Both Banovina and Banija The first term was used twice as often a hundred years ago than the second but tportal hr 13 January 2021 a b Skiljan 2008 p 5 Skiljan 2008 p 6 Skiljan 2008 page needed a b Skiljan 2008 p 7 Croatia earthquake Seven dead as rescuers search rubble for survivors BBC News 2020 12 30 Retrieved 2021 01 04 Croatia earthquake Rescue efforts under way in Petrinja BBC Retrieved 2020 12 29 Bijelic N Brzev S Lazarevic D 30 December 2020 Croatian earthquake causes significant damage Temblor Retrieved 17 January 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link M6 4 CROATIA on December 29th 2020 at 11 19 UTC M T 15 January 2021 Novi potres od 4 1 po Richteru zatresao Banovinu osjetio se u cijeloj sredisnjoj Hrvatskoj Sve se treslo zemlja i kuca Dobro je zadrmalo Dnevnik Retrieved 17 January 2021 Sources EditSkiljan Filip 2008 Kulturno historijski spomenici Banije s pregledom povijesti Banije od prapovijesti do 1881 Cultural and historical monuments of Banija with an overview of history Banija from prehistory to 1881 in Serbian Zagreb Croatia Serb National Council ISBN 978 953 7442 04 0 External links EditOpacic Nives 23 January 2003 Mrvice s banskoga stola Vijenac in Croatian Matica hrvatska 232 Retrieved 18 January 2021 Essay about names derived from the title Ban Coordinates 45 20 36 N 16 13 07 E 45 34333 N 16 21861 E 45 34333 16 21861 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Banovina region amp oldid 1130126142, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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