B with flourish (Ꞗ, ꞗ) is the modern name for the third letter of the Middle Vietnamese alphabet, sorted between B and C. The B with flourish has a rounded hook that starts halfway up the stem (where the top of the bowl meets the ascender) and curves about 180 degrees counterclockwise, ending below the bottom-left corner. It represents the voiced bilabial fricative/β/, which in modern Vietnamese merged with the voiced labiodental fricative, written as the letter V in the Vietnamese alphabet. (In Middle Vietnamese, V represented the labio-velar approximant/w/.)
The B with flourish is known principally from the works of Jesuit missionary Alexandre de Rhodes, particularly his trilingual dictionary Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651) and bilingual Cathechismus (1658). For example, vậy was written ꞗệy. As with the letter Đ, only the lowercase form ꞗ is seen in these works, even where a capital letter would be expected.[1]
The Vietnamese alphabet was formally described for the first time in the 17th-century text Manuductio ad Linguam Tunckinensem, attributed to a Portuguese Jesuit missionary, possibly Francisco de Pina[2] or Filipe Sibin.[3] This passage about the letter Ꞗ was later incorporated into de Rhodes's Dictionarium:[4]
…pronunciatur ferè ut β Græcum ut, ꞗĕaò ingredi, non eſt tamen omninò ſimile noſtro, V, conſonanti, ſed paulo aſperius, & in ipſa labiorum apertione pronuntiatur ita ut ſit verè litera labialis, ut Hebræi loquuntur, non autem dentalis.
— Alexandre de Rhodes, Lingue annamiticæ seu tunchinensis brevis declaratio[5]
The passage roughly translates to:
…pronounced almost like the Greek β, for example, ꞗĕaò, to enter, yet not quite the same as our consonant V, but a little coarser, and in the very opening of the lips pronounced, indeed, as though it was a labial letter, as the Hebrews speak it, rather than a dental.
The linguistic interpretation of this description is that the sound was a voiced bilabial fricative, which phoneticians transcribe with the Greek letter beta [β].[6]
Although some peculiarities of de Rhodes's orthography persisted into the early 19th century,[7] the B with flourish had by then become V, as seen in the writings of Vietnamese Jesuit Philipphê Bỉnh (Philiphê do Rosario).
Computer support
The lowercase B with flourish and a hypothetical uppercase form, unattested in de Rhodes's works, were standardized in June 2014 as part of the Latin Extended-D block of Unicode 7.0.[8]
Vietnamese Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum: ꞗ
Apex (diacritic), another distinctive element of de Rhodes's orthography
References
^de Rhodes, Alexandre (1658). "Ngày thứ bốn". Cathechismus pro iis, qui volunt suscipere baptismum, in octo dies divisus (in Vietnamese). p. 103. from the original on 2014-10-15. Retrieved 2014-10-12. ꞗệy thì còn cái ou᷄ Adam lià nhau…
^Jacques, Roland (2002). Portuguese Pioneers of Vietnamese Linguistics. Bangkok: Orchid Press. ISBN9748304779.
^Gesammelte Studien. Bibliotheca Instituti Historici S.I. (in Portuguese). Vol. 21. Jesuit Historical Institute. 1963. p. 12. …e a « Manuductio ad linguam Tunckinensem » do Padre Filipe Sibin SI…
^Nguyễn Minh Hoàng. "Alexandre de Rhodes có phải là cha đẻ của chữ Quốc ngữ?" [Was Alexandre de Rhodes the father of the Vietnamese alphabet?]. Hồn Việt (in Vietnamese). from the original on October 17, 2014. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
^de Rhodes, Alexandre (1651). "Lingue annamiticæ seu tunchinensis brevis declaratio". Dictionarium annamiticum lusitanicum, et latinum (in Latin). Rome: Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith. p. 3.
^“The two b’s in the Vietnamese dictionary of Alexandre de Rhodes”. Originally published in Vietnamese translation as: Hai Chữ B, trong cuốn từ điển của A-lếch-xan đơ Rốt. Ngôn Ngữ [Linguistics] 4 (1974). Published in French in 2005 as: Les deux b du Dictionarium d’A. de Rhodes, Cahiers d’Etudes Vietnamiennes 18, 65–68. English translation (available online) 2017-12-05 at the Wayback Machine to appear in: Haudricourt, André-Georges. Evolution of languages and techniques. (Ed.) Martine Mazaudon, Boyd Michailovsky & Alexis Michaud. (Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs [TiLSM] 270). Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
^Jacques, Roland (1998). "Le Portugal et la romanisation de la langue vietnamienne. Faut-il réécrire l'histoire ?" [Portugal and the romanization of the Vietnamese language. Should we rewrite history?]. Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer (in French). Société française d'histoire d'outre-mer. 85 (318): 52. doi:10.3406/outre.1998.3600. from the original on 2014-10-21. Retrieved 2014-10-12.
^Everson, Michael (February 8, 2012). "Proposal for the addition of five Latin characters to the UCS" (PDF). Universal Character Set. JTC1/SC2/WG2. (PDF) from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
External links
Đắc Lộ font for Vietnamese that supports B with flourish
March 09, 2023
with, flourish, modern, name, third, letter, middle, vietnamese, alphabet, sorted, between, rounded, hook, that, starts, halfway, stem, where, bowl, meets, ascender, curves, about, degrees, counterclockwise, ending, below, bottom, left, corner, represents, voi. B with flourish Ꞗ ꞗ is the modern name for the third letter of the Middle Vietnamese alphabet sorted between B and C The B with flourish has a rounded hook that starts halfway up the stem where the top of the bowl meets the ascender and curves about 180 degrees counterclockwise ending below the bottom left corner It represents the voiced bilabial fricative b which in modern Vietnamese merged with the voiced labiodental fricative written as the letter V in the Vietnamese alphabet In Middle Vietnamese V represented the labio velar approximant w Lowercase ꞗ Contents 1 Usage 2 Computer support 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksUsage Edit The first page of the ꞗ section in de Rhodes s Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum The B with flourish is known principally from the works of Jesuit missionary Alexandre de Rhodes particularly his trilingual dictionary Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum 1651 and bilingual Cathechismus 1658 For example vậy was written ꞗệy As with the letter Đ only the lowercase form ꞗ is seen in these works even where a capital letter would be expected 1 The Vietnamese alphabet was formally described for the first time in the 17th century text Manuductio ad Linguam Tunckinensem attributed to a Portuguese Jesuit missionary possibly Francisco de Pina 2 or Filipe Sibin 3 This passage about the letter Ꞗ was later incorporated into de Rhodes s Dictionarium 4 pronunciatur fere ut b Graecum ut ꞗĕao ingredi non eſt tamen omnino ſimile noſtro V conſonanti ſed paulo aſperius amp in ipſa labiorum apertione pronuntiatur ita ut ſit vere litera labialis ut Hebraei loquuntur non autem dentalis Alexandre de Rhodes Lingue annamiticae seu tunchinensis brevis declaratio 5 The passage roughly translates to pronounced almost like the Greek b for example ꞗĕao to enter yet not quite the same as our consonant V but a little coarser and in the very opening of the lips pronounced indeed as though it was a labial letter as the Hebrews speak it rather than a dental The linguistic interpretation of this description is that the sound was a voiced bilabial fricative which phoneticians transcribe with the Greek letter beta b 6 Although some peculiarities of de Rhodes s orthography persisted into the early 19th century 7 the B with flourish had by then become V as seen in the writings of Vietnamese Jesuit Philipphe Bỉnh Philiphe do Rosario Computer support EditThe lowercase B with flourish and a hypothetical uppercase form unattested in de Rhodes s works were standardized in June 2014 as part of the Latin Extended D block of Unicode 7 0 8 Character information Preview Ꞗ ꞗUnicode name LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH FLOURISH LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH FLOURISHEncodings decimal hex dec hexUnicode 42902 U A796 42903 U A797UTF 8 234 158 150 EA 9E 96 234 158 151 EA 9E 97Numeric character reference amp 42902 wbr amp xA796 wbr amp 42903 wbr amp xA797 wbr See also Edit Vietnamese Wikisource has original text related to this article Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum ꞗ Apex diacritic another distinctive element of de Rhodes s orthographyReferences Edit de Rhodes Alexandre 1658 Ngay thứ bốn Cathechismus pro iis qui volunt suscipere baptismum in octo dies divisus in Vietnamese p 103 Archived from the original on 2014 10 15 Retrieved 2014 10 12 ꞗệy thi con cai ou Adam lia nhau Jacques Roland 2002 Portuguese Pioneers of Vietnamese Linguistics Bangkok Orchid Press ISBN 9748304779 Gesammelte Studien Bibliotheca Instituti Historici S I in Portuguese Vol 21 Jesuit Historical Institute 1963 p 12 e a Manuductio ad linguam Tunckinensem do Padre Filipe Sibin SI Nguyễn Minh Hoang Alexandre de Rhodes co phải la cha đẻ của chữ Quốc ngữ Was Alexandre de Rhodes the father of the Vietnamese alphabet Hồn Việt in Vietnamese Archived from the original on October 17 2014 Retrieved November 17 2013 de Rhodes Alexandre 1651 Lingue annamiticae seu tunchinensis brevis declaratio Dictionarium annamiticum lusitanicum et latinum in Latin Rome Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith p 3 The two b s in the Vietnamese dictionary of Alexandre de Rhodes Originally published in Vietnamese translation as Hai Chữ B trong cuốn từ điển của A lếch xan đơ Rốt Ngon Ngữ Linguistics 4 1974 Published in French in 2005 as Les deux b du Dictionarium d A de Rhodes Cahiers d Etudes Vietnamiennes 18 65 68 English translation available online Archived 2017 12 05 at the Wayback Machine to appear in Haudricourt Andre Georges Evolution of languages and techniques Ed Martine Mazaudon Boyd Michailovsky amp Alexis Michaud Trends in Linguistics Studies and Monographs TiLSM 270 Berlin De Gruyter Mouton Jacques Roland 1998 Le Portugal et la romanisation de la langue vietnamienne Faut il reecrire l histoire Portugal and the romanization of the Vietnamese language Should we rewrite history Revue francaise d histoire d outre mer in French Societe francaise d histoire d outre mer 85 318 52 doi 10 3406 outre 1998 3600 Archived from the original on 2014 10 21 Retrieved 2014 10 12 Everson Michael February 8 2012 Proposal for the addition of five Latin characters to the UCS PDF Universal Character Set JTC1 SC2 WG2 Archived PDF from the original on October 21 2012 Retrieved February 11 2012 External links EditĐắc Lộ font for Vietnamese that supports B with flourish Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title B with flourish amp oldid 1093225813, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
