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Bühnendeutsch

March 14, 2024

This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Bühnendeutsch (German: [ˈbyːnənˌdɔʏtʃ], "stage German") or Bühnenaussprache (IPA: [ˈbyːnənˌʔaʊsʃpʁaːxə], "stage pronunciation") is a unified set of pronunciation rules for the German literary language used in the theatre of the German Sprachraum. Established in the 19th century,[1] it came to be considered pure High German. It was codified in the pronouncing dictionary Deutsche Bühnenaussprache, edited by the German scholar Theodor Siebs, and first published in 1898.

An artificial standard not corresponding directly to any dialect, Bühnendeutsch is mostly based on Standard German as spoken in Northern Germany. For example, the suffix -ig is pronounced [ɪç].[2]

Sonorants edit

Three acceptable realizations of /r/ edit

Until 1957, only two pronunciations were allowed: an alveolar trill [r] and an alveolar flap [ɾ]. After 1957, a uvular trill [ʀ] was also allowed. A voiced uvular fricative [ʁ], used extensively in contemporary Standard German, is not allowed. Therefore, rot ('red') can be pronounced [roːt], [ɾoːt] and [ʀoːt] but not [ʁoːt].[3]

Rhoticism edit

The vocalized [ɐ̯] realization of /r/ found in German or Austrian Standard German corresponds to [r ~ ɾ ~ ʀ] in Bühnendeutsch so für 'for' is pronounced [fyːr ~ fyːɾ ~ fyːʀ] rather than [fyːɐ̯].[4]

Whenever the sequence /ər/ is vocalized to [ɐ] in German or Austrian Standard German, Bühnendeutsch requires a sequence [ər ~ əɾ ~ əʀ] so besser 'better' is pronounced [ˈbɛsər ~ ˈbɛsəɾ ~ ˈbɛsəʀ] rather than [ˈbɛsɐ].[4]

In contemporary Standard German, both of these features are found almost exclusively in Switzerland.

No schwa-elision edit

Contrary to Standard German, /ə/ cannot be elided before a sonorant consonant (making it syllabic) so Faden 'yarn' is pronounced [ˈfaːdən] rather than the standard [ˈfaːdn̩].[5]

Fronting of word-final schwa edit

In loanwords from Latin and Ancient Greek, the word-final /ə/ is realized as a short, tense [e] so Psyche 'psyche' is pronounced [ˈpsyːçe] rather than the standard [ˈpsyːçə].[4]

Obstruents edit

Syllable-final fortition edit

As in Standard German, syllable-final obstruents written with the letters used also for syllable-initial lenis sounds (⟨b, d, g⟩ etc.) are realized as fortis so Absicht 'intention' is pronounced [ˈʔapz̬ɪçt] (note the full voicing of /z/, which, in position immediately after a fortis, occurs in Bühnendeutsch: see below), but Bad 'bath' is pronounced [baːt].

The corresponding standard southern (Southern German, Austrian, Swiss) pronunciations contain lenis consonants in that position: [ˈab̥z̥ɪçt ~ ˈab̥sɪçt] and [b̥aːd̥], respectively.

Strong aspiration of /p, t, k/ edit

The voiceless plosives /p, t, k/ are aspirated [pʰ, tʰ, kʰ] in the same environments as in Standard German but more strongly, especially to environments in which the Standard German plosives are aspirated moderately and weakly: in unstressed intervocalic and word-final positions.[6] That can be transcribed in the IPA as [pʰʰ, tʰʰ, kʰʰ]. The voiceless affricates /p͡f, t͡s, t͡ʃ/ are unaspirated [p͡f˭, t͡s˭, t͡ʃ˭], as in Standard German.

Complete voicing of lenis obstruents edit

The lenis obstruents /b, d, ɡ, d͡ʒ, v, ð, ʝ, z, ʒ/[7] are fully voiced [b̬, d̬, ɡ̬, d̬͡ʒ̬, v̬, ð̬, ʝ̬, z̬, ʒ̬] after voiceless obstruents so abdanken 'to resign' is pronounced [ˈʔapd̬aŋkən].[4] That is in contrast with the Northern pronunciation, which requires the lenis sounds to be devoiced in that position: [ˈʔapd̥aŋkn̩]. Southern accents (Southern German, Austrian, Swiss) generally realize the lenis sounds as voiceless in most or all positions and do not feature syllable-final fortition: [ˈab̥d̥aŋkŋ̩].

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Mangold (2005), p. 62.
  2. ^ "Pronunciation: Part 2". Retrieved May 6, 2012.
  3. ^ Mangold (2005), pp. 53, 63.
  4. ^ a b c d Mangold (2005), p. 63.
  5. ^ Mangold (2005), pp. 37–40, 63.
  6. ^ Mangold (2005), pp. 57, 63.
  7. ^ Mangold transcribes the voiced palatal fricative with the symbol ⟨j⟩: as if it were an approximant. However, he explicitly states that /j/ is the lenis fricative counterpart of the fortis fricative /ç/ (Mangold (2005:44, 51)). It is also worth noting that among the lenis obstruents /d͡ʒ, ð, ʒ/ as well as the fortis counterpart of the /ð/ (/θ/) appear only in loanwords.

Bibliography edit

March 14, 2024
bühnendeutsch, this, article, contains, phonetic, transcriptions, international, phonetic, alphabet, introductory, guide, symbols, help, distinction, between, brackets, transcription, delimiters, german, ˈbyːnənˌdɔʏtʃ, stage, german, bühnenaussprache, ˈbyːnənˌ. This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA For the distinction between and see IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters Buhnendeutsch German ˈbyːnenˌdɔʏtʃ stage German or Buhnenaussprache IPA ˈbyːnenˌʔaʊsʃpʁaːxe stage pronunciation is a unified set of pronunciation rules for the German literary language used in the theatre of the German Sprachraum Established in the 19th century 1 it came to be considered pure High German It was codified in the pronouncing dictionary Deutsche Buhnenaussprache edited by the German scholar Theodor Siebs and first published in 1898 An artificial standard not corresponding directly to any dialect Buhnendeutsch is mostly based on Standard German as spoken in Northern Germany For example the suffix ig is pronounced ɪc 2 Contents 1 Sonorants 1 1 Three acceptable realizations of r 1 2 Rhoticism 1 3 No schwa elision 1 4 Fronting of word final schwa 2 Obstruents 2 1 Syllable final fortition 2 2 Strong aspiration of p t k 2 3 Complete voicing of lenis obstruents 3 See also 4 References 5 BibliographySonorants editThree acceptable realizations of r edit Until 1957 only two pronunciations were allowed an alveolar trill r and an alveolar flap ɾ After 1957 a uvular trill ʀ was also allowed A voiced uvular fricative ʁ used extensively in contemporary Standard German is not allowed Therefore rot red can be pronounced roːt ɾoːt and ʀoːt but not ʁoːt 3 Rhoticism edit The vocalized ɐ realization of r found in German or Austrian Standard German corresponds to r ɾ ʀ in Buhnendeutsch so fur for is pronounced fyːr fyːɾ fyːʀ rather than fyːɐ 4 Whenever the sequence er is vocalized to ɐ in German or Austrian Standard German Buhnendeutsch requires a sequence er eɾ eʀ so besser better is pronounced ˈbɛser ˈbɛseɾ ˈbɛseʀ rather than ˈbɛsɐ 4 In contemporary Standard German both of these features are found almost exclusively in Switzerland No schwa elision edit Contrary to Standard German e cannot be elided before a sonorant consonant making it syllabic so Faden yarn is pronounced ˈfaːden rather than the standard ˈfaːdn 5 Fronting of word final schwa edit In loanwords from Latin and Ancient Greek the word final e is realized as a short tense e so Psyche psyche is pronounced ˈpsyːce rather than the standard ˈpsyːce 4 Obstruents editSyllable final fortition edit As in Standard German syllable final obstruents written with the letters used also for syllable initial lenis sounds b d g etc are realized as fortis so Absicht intention is pronounced ˈʔapz ɪct note the full voicing of z which in position immediately after a fortis occurs in Buhnendeutsch see below but Bad bath is pronounced baːt The corresponding standard southern Southern German Austrian Swiss pronunciations contain lenis consonants in that position ˈab z ɪct ˈab sɪct and b aːd respectively Strong aspiration of p t k edit The voiceless plosives p t k are aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰ in the same environments as in Standard German but more strongly especially to environments in which the Standard German plosives are aspirated moderately and weakly in unstressed intervocalic and word final positions 6 That can be transcribed in the IPA as pʰʰ tʰʰ kʰʰ The voiceless affricates p f t s t ʃ are unaspirated p f t s t ʃ as in Standard German Complete voicing of lenis obstruents edit The lenis obstruents b d ɡ d ʒ v d ʝ z ʒ 7 are fully voiced b d ɡ d ʒ v d ʝ z ʒ after voiceless obstruents so abdanken to resign is pronounced ˈʔapd aŋken 4 That is in contrast with the Northern pronunciation which requires the lenis sounds to be devoiced in that position ˈʔapd aŋkn Southern accents Southern German Austrian Swiss generally realize the lenis sounds as voiceless in most or all positions and do not feature syllable final fortition ˈab d aŋkŋ See also editStandard German phonologyReferences edit Mangold 2005 p 62 Pronunciation Part 2 Retrieved May 6 2012 Mangold 2005 pp 53 63 a b c d Mangold 2005 p 63 Mangold 2005 pp 37 40 63 Mangold 2005 pp 57 63 Mangold transcribes the voiced palatal fricative with the symbol j as if it were an approximant However he explicitly states that j is the lenis fricative counterpart of the fortis fricative c Mangold 2005 44 51 It is also worth noting that among the lenis obstruents d ʒ d ʒ as well as the fortis counterpart of the d 8 appear only in loanwords Bibliography editMangold Max 2005 First published 1962 Das Ausspracheworterbuch 6th ed Mannheim Dudenverlag ISBN 978 3 411 04066 7 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Buhnendeutsch amp oldid 1166399579, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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