fbpx
Wikipedia

Argentine tango

December 18, 2023

For the modern international dance form that evolved from the Argentine tango, see tango. For other uses, see Argentine tango (disambiguation).

Argentine tango is a musical genre and accompanying social dance originating at the end of the 19th century in the suburbs of Buenos Aires.[1] It typically has a 2
4 or 4
4 rhythmic time signature, and two or three parts repeating in patterns such as ABAB or ABCAC. Its lyrics are marked by nostalgia, sadness, and laments for lost love. The typical orchestra has several melodic instruments and is given a distinctive air by the bandoneon. It has continued to grow in popularity and spread internationally, adding modern elements without replacing the older ones. Among its leading figures are the singer and songwriter Carlos Gardel and composers/performers Francisco Canaro, Juan D'Arienzo, Carlos Di Sarli, Osvaldo Pugliese, and Ástor Piazzolla.

Two dancers of Argentine tango on the street in Buenos Aires

History of tango edit

Main article: History of the tango

The origins of tango are unclear because little historical documentation from that era exists. In recent years, a few tango aficionados have undertaken a thorough research of that history[1] and so it is less mysterious today than before. It is generally thought that the dance developed in the late 19th century in working-class neighborhoods of Buenos Aires, Argentina and was practiced by Argentine dancers, musicians, and immigrant laborers.[2][3] Unlike other Latin American countries, Argentine elites rejected a racial mixture with darker skin colored Argentines.[4] Argentines repeated stereotypes that were common in Europe in the colonial era: non-caucasian people were forced into ghetto cohabitation.[5][6] Tango was practiced in streets and patios, particularly dark street corners.[7] Additionally, Afro-Argentines played important roles in evolution both musically and choreographically in the early stage of tango.[8] The term "tango" was originated from Afro-Argentine dance forms, and black people are still connected to tango well into the 20th century.[9] Tango developed with expression of political struggles by black community and was loved by many immigrants who lived in shanty town and wished to change their socio-economic situation.[10]


Argentine elites viewed tango as dangerous association and gathering place for lower-class people.[11] However, as famous tango stars such as Alberto Castillo gained popularity in Argentina, the positive image of blackness related to tango started to widely share in Argentina's mass culture during the 1930s to 1950s.[12] Tango lyrics often challenge the images of Argentina made by foreigners: The true Argentina was the country with both black and white people who originated the tango, not the rich people who danced the foxtrot.[8] Additionally, Argentine tango lyrics presented humility as main theme and mass culture promoted tango to encourage humility as national identity.[13] The Buenos Aires city government and the federal government started actively promoting tango by establishing a federal law to build Academia Nacional del tango.[14] The law "Ley Nacional del Tango", which recognized tango as an Argentine cultural tradition, was passed in 1996.[14] At the beginning, Argentine tango was rejected by the middle and upper classes who were engaging in ballroom dances including the Viennese waltz. Only in the decade between 1910 and 1920, Argentine tango started becoming fashionable in the major European capitals such as Paris, Berlin, Rome and Vienna.[15][16][17] Within the European society, the feelings towards this new dance were mixed. In Rome, Vittorio Emanuele III of Savoy banned Argentine tango from the balls in Quirinal Palace.[17] Kaiser Wilhelm II, the King of Bavaria and Kaiser Franz Joseph forbid their officers in uniform to dance this new rhythm.[15][17] In the Austrian capital Vienna, Argentine tango was deliberately excluded from the program of the 23rd ball of the City of Vienna (year between 1920 and 1930) according to historical documents.[15] Only in 2017, Argentine tango has entered the traditional Viennese balls through the prestigious Technische Universität Ball (Technical University Ball), which now includes a milonga in its program.[18][19][20] In conclusion, early tango was developed by black community and supported by immigrants who wished social mobility. Tango was much not accepted by elites in its early stages, and was actively repressed. However, tango gained recognition by the government and elites during 1930s to 1950s, and became unique national identity of Argentina. At the same time, the tango which was eventually embraced by elites may have obscured the fact that tango was invented by black people in Argentina.[21] It is important to acknowledge the origins of tango and understand its unique history and influence in Argentina's national identity.

Music edit

Main article: Tango music

Argentine tango music is much more varied than ballroom tango music. A large amount of tango music has been composed by a variety of different orchestras over the last century. Not only is there a large volume of music, there is a breadth of stylistic differences between these orchestras as well, which makes it easier for Argentine tango dancers to spend the whole night dancing only Argentine tango. The four representative schools of the Argentine tango music are Di Sarli, d'Arienzo, Troilo and Pugliese, all four descendent from Italian immigrant families. They are dance orchestras, playing music for dancing. When the spirit of the music is characterized by counterpoint marking, clarity in the articulation is needed. It has a clear, repetitive pulse or beat, a strong tango-rhythm which is based on the 2x4,[22] 2 strong beats on 4 (dos por cuatro). Ástor Piazzolla stretched the classical harmony and counterpoint and moved the tango from the dance floor to the concert stage. His compositions tell us something of our contemporary life and dancing it relates much to modern dance.[23]

While Argentine tango dancing has historically been danced to tango music, such as that produced by such orchestra leaders as Osvaldo Pugliese, Carlos di Sarli, Juan d'Arienzo, in the '90s a younger generation of tango dancers began dancing tango steps to alternatives to tango music; music from other genres like, "world music", "electro-tango", "experimental rock", "trip hop", and "blues", to name a few. Tango nuevo dance is often associated with alternative music, see nuevo tango, but it can be danced to tango as well.

List of tango bandleaders during the Golden Age of tango:

Resurgence outside Argentina edit

 
Sunday afternoon tango at Plaza Dorrego in the Buenos Aires neighborhood of San Telmo.

France edit

In 1983, the dance show Tango Argentino, staged by Claudio Segovia and Hector Orezzolli, opened in Paris, France, starring dancers Juan Carlos Copes[24] and Maria Nieves,[25] Nélida y Nelson, Eduardo y Gloria, María y Carlos Rivarola,[26] Norma y Luis Pereyra,[27][28] Mayoral y Elsa Maria, Carlos y Inés Borges, Pablo Veron, Miguel Zotto and Milena Plebs,[29] and Virulazo and Elvira.[30]

United Kingdom edit

Argentine tango dancing in the UK began in the early 1990s in response to the hugely popular internationally touring shows "Forever Tango" and "Tango Argentino". Enthusiastic Anglo-Argentine milonguero (dance hall tango dancer) Andrew Potter who had followed "Forever Tango" to London and stayed for its extensive run, got together with some Londoner friends to start the city's first-ever tango milonga (tango dance party/hall) in The London Welsh Centre at 157 Grays Inn Road, known as "Tango The Argentine Way" which would pack out every Friday night. From that moment, the tango dances and classes proliferated throughout the capital and then throughout the rest of the UK.

United States edit

In 1985, the French dance show Tango Argentino transferred to Broadway in New York City.[31] Cast members gave classes to a number of students, including Robert Duvall. Paul Pellicoro provided a dance center for the performers to teach new students. At the same time, Danel and Maria Bastone were teaching tango in New York, and Orlando Paiva was offering tango classes in Los Angeles. For further lessons, Duvall sought out Nestor Ray, a dancer who Duvall had seen perform in the documentary film Tango mio.

In 1986, Nora and Raul Dinzelbacher visited San Francisco, coming from La Paz, Entre Ríos and Buenos Aires aboard a cruise ship where they were dancing tango and chacarera professionally. Al and Barbara Garvey took tango classes from them as well as from Jorge and Rosa Ledesma from Quilmes, Buenos Aires; all in the style of choreographed show tango. In 1987, the Garveys traveled to Buenos Aires to discover the traditional improvisational social dance style at a large milonga (Centro Akarense) filled with older dancers in Villa Urquiza.[32] Upon returning home to Fairfax, California, the Garveys continued tango lessons and began organizing milongas around the San Francisco Bay Area. They co-founded the Bay Area Argentine Tango Association (BAATA) and published a journal.

In 1986, Brigitta Winkler appeared in her first stage performance, Tangoshow in Montreal. Though based in Berlin, Winkler traveled often to teach at tango festivals in North America throughout the following two decades. Winkler was a seminal influence of Daniel Trenner.[33] Montreal's first tango teachers, French-born Lily Palmer and her Argentine friend, Antonio Perea, offered classes in 1987.

The Dinzelbachers settled in San Francisco in 1988, in response to the demand for tango teachers following a visit to San Francisco by the touring production of Tango Argentino.[34] Nora and Raul Dinzelbacher taught a core group of students who would later become teachers themselves, including the Garveys, Polo Talnir and Jorge Allende.

In 1989, the Dinzelbachers were invited to Cincinnati by Richard Powers, to introduce and teach Argentine tango at a weeklong dance festival. The following year, Richard moved his festival to Stanford University and asked the Dinzelbachers back. Unfortunately, Raul Dinzelbacher, 40 years old, collapsed and died at the end of the third day of the festival. Nora Dinzelbacher was devastated but threw herself into her work, forming a dance performance troupe and teaching. She asked a student, George Guim, to become her assistant. They taught at a week-long dance festival in Port Townsend, Washington.

Throughout 1990, Luis Bravo's Forever Tango played in eight West Coast cities, increasing viewer's interest in learning the tango. Carlos Gavito and his partner Marcela Duran invented a dramatically different tango embrace in which both dancers leaned forward against each other more than was traditionally accepted. Gavito's ultimate rise to fame came from this starring appearance in Forever Tango.[35]

It is a very little-known fact, but Luis Bravo debuted Forever Tango in 1990 when Tango Argentino was on a break. He took 3 couples from the show & Gloria and Eduardo to be the artistic directors. The show went on a hiatus until 1994 when it re-opened in San Francisco and then hit Broadway in 1996/1997.[36]

In 1991, Richard Powers started The Stanford Tango Weeks, inviting Nora Dinzelbacher and two others to teach with him. Realizing there were no other alternatives and wanting to keep interest in Argentine Tango alive, Richard directed 8 more Tango Weeks in the years to come. The Stanford Tango Weeks became a popular annual event with 32 instructors teaching at the Roble Dance Hall at Stanford University over the course of its 7-year run. Juan Carlos Copes and Pablo Veron, both well-known teachers from Buenos Aires and actors in Argentine Tango inspired movies showed up to teach. Nora taught at each of the 9 Stanford Tango Weeks. The Stanford Tango Weeks have been credited by Tango dancers and teachers for being an essential catalyst for the growth of Argentine Tango in the United States. Richard produced the last Stanford Tango Week in 1997 and the same year the Tango Congress in Florida was being organized.

In 1998, with Bob Moretti, a retired USAF Lt. Col. and one of her students, Nora Dinzelbacher began a new festival in the same vein: "Nora's Tango Week", held in Emeryville, California.[37] Moretti would continue to co-produce the festival until his death on June 22, 2005, just days before that year's Tango Week.[38]

In the first half of 1994, Barbara Garvey's BAATA mailing list grew from 400 to 1,400 dancers. Garvey places the critical mass of the San Francisco Bay Area's tango resurgence at this point. The number of regional milongas went from three per month to 30.[39]

Forever Tango returned to the United States late in 1994, landing in Beverly Hills, then San Francisco, where it ran for 92 weeks. From there the show went to New York where it became the longest-running tango production in Broadway history.[40]

In June 1995, Janis Kenyon held a tango festival at Northwestern University. Kenyon had attended Stanford Tango Week in 1993, where she met Juan Carlos Copes and Maria Nieves. The pair were invited to teach at Kenyon's 1995 Chicago event. The next year, Kenyon moved her festival to Columbus, Ohio, where she featured Osvaldo Zotto. In February 1997, Clay Nelson (a two-time attendee at Stanford Tango Week) organized his first ValenTango festival in Portland, Oregon; "Tango Fantasy on Miami Beach" was formed by Jorge Nel, Martha Mandel, Lydia Henson and Randy Pittman as Florida's first tango festival; and the Portland October Tangofest was launched, again by Clay Nelson. 1999 saw a split in Miami: Nel and Mandel scheduled their "United States Tango Congress" to open a month prior to the Tango Fantasy event.[41]

Daniel Trenner has been credited with bringing improvisational social Argentine tango to the United States.[42] Like the Garveys, he first went to Buenos Aires in 1987, where he went to a milonga in Palermo and saw the traditional improvisational style being danced. Trenner was introduced to Miguel and Nelly Balmacera, a couple who would become his first tango teachers.[43] Being fluent in both Spanish and English he was able to study with many Argentine tango masters, including Gustavo Naveira and Mingo Pugliese. He made video tapes of the lessons he took and translated the Spanish instruction into English. In the late 1980s, Trenner brought his newfound appreciation of traditional tango back to New York and conducted classes. In 1991, Trenner began working with Rebecca Shulman in performing and teaching tango.[44] (Shulman would go on to be a co-founder and director of TangoMujer in New York and Berlin.) In 1995, Trenner taught for ten weeks in Colorado, followed by some 15 of those students accompanying him to Buenos Aires. Out of this experience, "Tango Colorado" was formed by Tom Stermitz and other tango aficionados from Denver, Boulder and Fort Collins, and a twice-yearly tango festival was organized in Denver. Trenner had planted the seed and moved on. In this way, Trenner has been called the Johnny Appleseed of tango.[45]

In 2002, the Folias Duo group is formed through their work as Argentine tango dance band leaders.[46] In February 2009, the popular ABC series Dancing with the Stars announced that the Argentine tango would be added to the list of dances for its eighth season, following the initiative by its British parent show Strictly Come Dancing the previous year.[citation needed]

There are numerous tango festivals in the United States: Seattle Tango Magic, Denver Memorial Day, Portland Valentango in Portland, Oregon, Denver Tango Festival in Denver, Colorado, Boston Tango Festival in Boston.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Denniston, Christine. "The Hidden History of Tango". The Hidden History of Tango. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
  2. ^ Drago, duce menandro the 3rd (2008). Instrumental Tango Idioms in the Symphonic Works and Orchestral Arrangements of Astor Piazzolla. Performance and Notational Problems: A Conductor's Perspective. p. 14. ISBN 978-0549783237.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ "Orígenes del Tango – Todo Buenos Aires". www.todobuenosaires.com. Retrieved 2018-05-24.
  4. ^ Andrews, George Reid (May 1979). "Race Versus Class Association: the Afro-Argentines of Buenos Aires, 1850–1900". Journal of Latin American Studies. 11 (1): 19–39. doi:10.1017/s0022216x00022288. ISSN 0022-216X. S2CID 145078581.
  5. ^ Tateo, Luca (2014-01-25). "The Dialogical Dance: Self, Identity Construction, Positioning and Embodiment in Tango Dancers". Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science. 48 (3): 299–321. doi:10.1007/s12124-014-9258-2. ISSN 1932-4502. PMID 24464345. S2CID 5472849.
  6. ^ Shumway, Nicolas (2023-04-28). The Invention of Argentina. University of California Press. doi:10.2307/jj.2711610. ISBN 978-0-520-91385-1.
  7. ^ Savigliano, Marta E. (2018-02-06), "Scandalizing National Identity", Tango and the Political Economy of Passion, Routledge, pp. 137–168, doi:10.4324/9780429497001-4, ISBN 978-0-429-49700-1, retrieved 2023-11-26
  8. ^ a b Karush, M. B. (2012-07-23). "Blackness in Argentina: Jazz, Tango and Race Before Peron". Past & Present. 216 (1): 215–245. doi:10.1093/pastj/gts008. ISSN 0031-2746.
  9. ^ Karush, M. B. (2012-07-23). "Blackness in Argentina: Jazz, Tango and Race Before Peron". Past & Present. 216 (1): 215–245. doi:10.1093/pastj/gts008. ISSN 0031-2746.
  10. ^ Tateo, Luca (2014-01-25). "The Dialogical Dance: Self, Identity Construction, Positioning and Embodiment in Tango Dancers". Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science. 48 (3): 299–321. doi:10.1007/s12124-014-9258-2. ISSN 1932-4502. PMID 24464345. S2CID 5472849.
  11. ^ Merritt, Carolyn (2012-11-11), "Finding Tango: From the Golden Age to the Twenty-First Century", Tango Nuevo, University Press of Florida, pp. 30–48, doi:10.5744/florida/9780813042190.003.0003, ISBN 9780813042190, retrieved 2023-11-26
  12. ^ Karush, M. B. (2012-07-23). "Blackness in Argentina: Jazz, Tango and Race Before Peron". Past & Present. 216 (1): 215–245. doi:10.1093/pastj/gts008. ISSN 0031-2746.
  13. ^ Karush, Matthew B (2012). Culture of Class Radio and Cinema in the Making of a Divided Argentina, 1920–1946 (1st ed.). Duke university press. pp. 1–19. ISBN 978-0-8223-5264-8.
  14. ^ a b Liska, Mercedes; Westwell, Peggy; Vila, Pablo (2016). Argentine queer tango: dance and sexuality politics in Buenos Aires (1st ed.). Lexington Books/Fortress Academic. pp. 1–20. ISBN 9781498538510.
  15. ^ a b c Eder, Otto (2018). el tango.revista Viena – Sonderedition, ed. Tango!!! Ein Fremdling in Wien, Vienna (Austria)
  16. ^ "Das Wiener Tagblatt", 19th November 1913, Vienna (Austria)
  17. ^ a b c Roberto Finelli, "La mappa del tango nel 1914", Italia: Radiocrossovertango
  18. ^ Auckland Tango, Evolution of Tango in Vienna and Buenos Aires, Auckland, New Zealand
  19. ^ Elefante, Stefano (September, 2019). "Tango in Vienna's imperial palace". Tango y Cultura Popular: 62-62.
  20. ^ (DE) Oliver Lehmann, Tango als Wissenschaft, Wissenschaftsball, 18 Marzo 2021.
  21. ^ Savigliano, Marta E. (2018-02-06), "Scandalizing National Identity", Tango and the Political Economy of Passion, Routledge, pp. 137–168, doi:10.4324/9780429497001-4, ISBN 978-0-429-49700-1, retrieved 2023-11-26
  22. ^ "Caminar". Users.pandora.be. 2008-08-25. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
  23. ^ "Tango and modern dance'". Users.pandora.be. 2007-06-23. from the original on May 2, 2008. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
  24. ^ . Juan Carlos Copes. 1931-05-31. Archived from the original on 2010-06-30. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
  25. ^ "Keith Elshaw. 'Maria Nieves'". Totango.net. from the original on 4 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
  26. ^ Rivarola, Carlos. . Carlos Rivarola. Archived from the original on 14 July 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2010.
  27. ^ "Tango Argentino Original Broadway Cast – 1999 Broadway". Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  28. ^ Brammer, P. "Nicole y Luis". Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  29. ^ . Milenatango.com. Archived from the original on 2009-04-03. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
  30. ^ JVilas. "Virulazo: Interview by the journalist Guillermo Alfieri". Todotango.com. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
  31. ^ . Totango.net. Archived from the original on 28 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
  32. ^ Tango List. 2006-02-07 at the Wayback Machine Barbara Garvey. Re: [TANGO-L] Going to Bs As (Detecting sham and incompetent Teachers) June 27, 2003
  33. ^ Kelly Wilson (2008-11-06). "Brigitta Winkler bio". Members.aol.com. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
  34. ^ . Inscenes.com. Archived from the original on 2008-12-22. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
  35. ^ Elshaw, Keith. . totango.net. Archived from the original on 2010-01-23. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
  36. ^ Anton Gazenbeek, Anton (2021). Inside the Show Tango Argentino. Washington DC, USA: Massetti Publishing. p. 187. ISBN 978-1716879951.
  37. ^ . Batango.com. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
  38. ^ . Batango.com. 2005-06-22. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
  39. ^ Tango List 2011-07-20 at the Wayback Machine Barbara Garvey. Re: [TANGO-L] Revival of Tango in North America July 25, 2003]
  40. ^ "Honolulu Star-Bulletin, March 24, 2000. Tim Ryan. 'Tangled Passions: Deep emotion and sexuality heat up the tango. IT TAKES TWO...AND BALANCE'". Starbulletin.com. 2000-03-24. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
  41. ^ "'Oldest Tango Festival' Randy of Miami, March 23 and 26, 2007". Virtuar.com. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
  42. ^ . Pythia.uoregon.edu. 2003-04-24. Archived from the original on 2003-11-04. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
  43. ^ daniel trenner :: tango. . Danieltrenner.com. Archived from the original on 2007-04-09. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
  44. ^ "Dance Manhattan. 'Rebecca Shulman'". Dance-manhattan.com. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
  45. ^ Tom Stermitz. 2011-07-20 at the Wayback Machine Re: [TANGO-L]; Revival of Tango in North America / Pellicoro Book, July 25, 2003]
  46. ^ Rylah, Juliet Bennett. "Joined at the Hip". Grand Rapids Magazine, December 2009.

External links edit

Music edit

  • [1] Argentine Tango Radio
  • todotango.com musicians, lyricists, discographies
  • tango.info/music musicians, lyricists, CDs, 78 rpm

Dance edit

  • The Basics of Tango (Part One) Basic Tango principles and advice
  • . users.skynet.be. 2012-09-27. Archived from the original on 2021-01-19.

December 18, 2023
argentine, tango, modern, international, dance, form, that, evolved, from, tango, other, uses, disambiguation, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introd. For the modern international dance form that evolved from the Argentine tango see tango For other uses see Argentine tango disambiguation This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations September 2009 Learn how and when to remove this template message Argentine tango is a musical genre and accompanying social dance originating at the end of the 19th century in the suburbs of Buenos Aires 1 It typically has a 24 or 44 rhythmic time signature and two or three parts repeating in patterns such as ABAB or ABCAC Its lyrics are marked by nostalgia sadness and laments for lost love The typical orchestra has several melodic instruments and is given a distinctive air by the bandoneon It has continued to grow in popularity and spread internationally adding modern elements without replacing the older ones Among its leading figures are the singer and songwriter Carlos Gardel and composers performers Francisco Canaro Juan D Arienzo Carlos Di Sarli Osvaldo Pugliese and Astor Piazzolla Two dancers of Argentine tango on the street in Buenos Aires Contents 1 History of tango 2 Music 3 Resurgence outside Argentina 3 1 France 3 2 United Kingdom 3 3 United States 4 See also 5 References 6 External links 6 1 Music 6 2 DanceHistory of tango editMain article History of the tango The origins of tango are unclear because little historical documentation from that era exists In recent years a few tango aficionados have undertaken a thorough research of that history 1 and so it is less mysterious today than before It is generally thought that the dance developed in the late 19th century in working class neighborhoods of Buenos Aires Argentina and was practiced by Argentine dancers musicians and immigrant laborers 2 3 Unlike other Latin American countries Argentine elites rejected a racial mixture with darker skin colored Argentines 4 Argentines repeated stereotypes that were common in Europe in the colonial era non caucasian people were forced into ghetto cohabitation 5 6 Tango was practiced in streets and patios particularly dark street corners 7 Additionally Afro Argentines played important roles in evolution both musically and choreographically in the early stage of tango 8 The term tango was originated from Afro Argentine dance forms and black people are still connected to tango well into the 20th century 9 Tango developed with expression of political struggles by black community and was loved by many immigrants who lived in shanty town and wished to change their socio economic situation 10 Argentine elites viewed tango as dangerous association and gathering place for lower class people 11 However as famous tango stars such as Alberto Castillo gained popularity in Argentina the positive image of blackness related to tango started to widely share in Argentina s mass culture during the 1930s to 1950s 12 Tango lyrics often challenge the images of Argentina made by foreigners The true Argentina was the country with both black and white people who originated the tango not the rich people who danced the foxtrot 8 Additionally Argentine tango lyrics presented humility as main theme and mass culture promoted tango to encourage humility as national identity 13 The Buenos Aires city government and the federal government started actively promoting tango by establishing a federal law to build Academia Nacional del tango 14 The law Ley Nacional del Tango which recognized tango as an Argentine cultural tradition was passed in 1996 14 At the beginning Argentine tango was rejected by the middle and upper classes who were engaging in ballroom dances including the Viennese waltz Only in the decade between 1910 and 1920 Argentine tango started becoming fashionable in the major European capitals such as Paris Berlin Rome and Vienna 15 16 17 Within the European society the feelings towards this new dance were mixed In Rome Vittorio Emanuele III of Savoy banned Argentine tango from the balls in Quirinal Palace 17 Kaiser Wilhelm II the King of Bavaria and Kaiser Franz Joseph forbid their officers in uniform to dance this new rhythm 15 17 In the Austrian capital Vienna Argentine tango was deliberately excluded from the program of the 23rd ball of the City of Vienna year between 1920 and 1930 according to historical documents 15 Only in 2017 Argentine tango has entered the traditional Viennese balls through the prestigious Technische Universitat Ball Technical University Ball which now includes a milonga in its program 18 19 20 In conclusion early tango was developed by black community and supported by immigrants who wished social mobility Tango was much not accepted by elites in its early stages and was actively repressed However tango gained recognition by the government and elites during 1930s to 1950s and became unique national identity of Argentina At the same time the tango which was eventually embraced by elites may have obscured the fact that tango was invented by black people in Argentina 21 It is important to acknowledge the origins of tango and understand its unique history and influence in Argentina s national identity Music editMain article Tango music Argentine tango music is much more varied than ballroom tango music A large amount of tango music has been composed by a variety of different orchestras over the last century Not only is there a large volume of music there is a breadth of stylistic differences between these orchestras as well which makes it easier for Argentine tango dancers to spend the whole night dancing only Argentine tango The four representative schools of the Argentine tango music are Di Sarli d Arienzo Troilo and Pugliese all four descendent from Italian immigrant families They are dance orchestras playing music for dancing When the spirit of the music is characterized by counterpoint marking clarity in the articulation is needed It has a clear repetitive pulse or beat a strong tango rhythm which is based on the 2x4 22 2 strong beats on 4 dos por cuatro Astor Piazzolla stretched the classical harmony and counterpoint and moved the tango from the dance floor to the concert stage His compositions tell us something of our contemporary life and dancing it relates much to modern dance 23 While Argentine tango dancing has historically been danced to tango music such as that produced by such orchestra leaders as Osvaldo Pugliese Carlos di Sarli Juan d Arienzo in the 90s a younger generation of tango dancers began dancing tango steps to alternatives to tango music music from other genres like world music electro tango experimental rock trip hop and blues to name a few Tango nuevo dance is often associated with alternative music see nuevo tango but it can be danced to tango as well List of tango bandleaders during the Golden Age of tango Adolfo Carabelli Alberto Di Paulo Alfredo De Angelis Alfredo Gobbi Angel D Agostino Anibal Troilo Armando Cupo Carlos di Sarli Ciriaco Ortiz Juan Maglio Pacho Domingo Federico Donato Racciatti Edgardo Donato Enrique Mario Francini Enrique Rodriguez Florindo Sassone Francisco Canaro Francisco Lomuto Francisco Rotundo Hector Varela Horacio Salgan Jose Basso Jose Garcia Y Sus Zorros Grices Juan Cambareri Juan d Arienzo Juan de Dios Filiberto Juan Polito Julio de Caro Lucio Demare Manuel Buzon Miguel Calo Miguel Villasboas Osmar Maderna Osvaldo Fresedo Osvaldo Pugliese Pedro Laurenz Pedro Maffia Ricardo Malerba Ricardo Tanturi Roberto Firpo Rodolfo BiagiResurgence outside Argentina editThe examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject You may improve this article discuss the issue on the talk page or create a new article as appropriate October 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message nbsp Sunday afternoon tango at Plaza Dorrego in the Buenos Aires neighborhood of San Telmo France edit In 1983 the dance show Tango Argentino staged by Claudio Segovia and Hector Orezzolli opened in Paris France starring dancers Juan Carlos Copes 24 and Maria Nieves 25 Nelida y Nelson Eduardo y Gloria Maria y Carlos Rivarola 26 Norma y Luis Pereyra 27 28 Mayoral y Elsa Maria Carlos y Ines Borges Pablo Veron Miguel Zotto and Milena Plebs 29 and Virulazo and Elvira 30 United Kingdom edit This section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed August 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message Argentine tango dancing in the UK began in the early 1990s in response to the hugely popular internationally touring shows Forever Tango and Tango Argentino Enthusiastic Anglo Argentine milonguero dance hall tango dancer Andrew Potter who had followed Forever Tango to London and stayed for its extensive run got together with some Londoner friends to start the city s first ever tango milonga tango dance party hall in The London Welsh Centre at 157 Grays Inn Road known as Tango The Argentine Way which would pack out every Friday night From that moment the tango dances and classes proliferated throughout the capital and then throughout the rest of the UK United States edit In 1985 the French dance show Tango Argentino transferred to Broadway in New York City 31 Cast members gave classes to a number of students including Robert Duvall Paul Pellicoro provided a dance center for the performers to teach new students At the same time Danel and Maria Bastone were teaching tango in New York and Orlando Paiva was offering tango classes in Los Angeles For further lessons Duvall sought out Nestor Ray a dancer who Duvall had seen perform in the documentary film Tango mio In 1986 Nora and Raul Dinzelbacher visited San Francisco coming from La Paz Entre Rios and Buenos Aires aboard a cruise ship where they were dancing tango and chacarera professionally Al and Barbara Garvey took tango classes from them as well as from Jorge and Rosa Ledesma from Quilmes Buenos Aires all in the style of choreographed show tango In 1987 the Garveys traveled to Buenos Aires to discover the traditional improvisational social dance style at a large milonga Centro Akarense filled with older dancers in Villa Urquiza 32 Upon returning home to Fairfax California the Garveys continued tango lessons and began organizing milongas around the San Francisco Bay Area They co founded the Bay Area Argentine Tango Association BAATA and published a journal In 1986 Brigitta Winkler appeared in her first stage performance Tangoshow in Montreal Though based in Berlin Winkler traveled often to teach at tango festivals in North America throughout the following two decades Winkler was a seminal influence of Daniel Trenner 33 Montreal s first tango teachers French born Lily Palmer and her Argentine friend Antonio Perea offered classes in 1987 The Dinzelbachers settled in San Francisco in 1988 in response to the demand for tango teachers following a visit to San Francisco by the touring production of Tango Argentino 34 Nora and Raul Dinzelbacher taught a core group of students who would later become teachers themselves including the Garveys Polo Talnir and Jorge Allende In 1989 the Dinzelbachers were invited to Cincinnati by Richard Powers to introduce and teach Argentine tango at a weeklong dance festival The following year Richard moved his festival to Stanford University and asked the Dinzelbachers back Unfortunately Raul Dinzelbacher 40 years old collapsed and died at the end of the third day of the festival Nora Dinzelbacher was devastated but threw herself into her work forming a dance performance troupe and teaching She asked a student George Guim to become her assistant They taught at a week long dance festival in Port Townsend Washington Throughout 1990 Luis Bravo s Forever Tango played in eight West Coast cities increasing viewer s interest in learning the tango Carlos Gavito and his partner Marcela Duran invented a dramatically different tango embrace in which both dancers leaned forward against each other more than was traditionally accepted Gavito s ultimate rise to fame came from this starring appearance in Forever Tango 35 It is a very little known fact but Luis Bravo debuted Forever Tango in 1990 when Tango Argentino was on a break He took 3 couples from the show amp Gloria and Eduardo to be the artistic directors The show went on a hiatus until 1994 when it re opened in San Francisco and then hit Broadway in 1996 1997 36 In 1991 Richard Powers started The Stanford Tango Weeks inviting Nora Dinzelbacher and two others to teach with him Realizing there were no other alternatives and wanting to keep interest in Argentine Tango alive Richard directed 8 more Tango Weeks in the years to come The Stanford Tango Weeks became a popular annual event with 32 instructors teaching at the Roble Dance Hall at Stanford University over the course of its 7 year run Juan Carlos Copes and Pablo Veron both well known teachers from Buenos Aires and actors in Argentine Tango inspired movies showed up to teach Nora taught at each of the 9 Stanford Tango Weeks The Stanford Tango Weeks have been credited by Tango dancers and teachers for being an essential catalyst for the growth of Argentine Tango in the United States Richard produced the last Stanford Tango Week in 1997 and the same year the Tango Congress in Florida was being organized In 1998 with Bob Moretti a retired USAF Lt Col and one of her students Nora Dinzelbacher began a new festival in the same vein Nora s Tango Week held in Emeryville California 37 Moretti would continue to co produce the festival until his death on June 22 2005 just days before that year s Tango Week 38 In the first half of 1994 Barbara Garvey s BAATA mailing list grew from 400 to 1 400 dancers Garvey places the critical mass of the San Francisco Bay Area s tango resurgence at this point The number of regional milongas went from three per month to 30 39 Forever Tango returned to the United States late in 1994 landing in Beverly Hills then San Francisco where it ran for 92 weeks From there the show went to New York where it became the longest running tango production in Broadway history 40 In June 1995 Janis Kenyon held a tango festival at Northwestern University Kenyon had attended Stanford Tango Week in 1993 where she met Juan Carlos Copes and Maria Nieves The pair were invited to teach at Kenyon s 1995 Chicago event The next year Kenyon moved her festival to Columbus Ohio where she featured Osvaldo Zotto In February 1997 Clay Nelson a two time attendee at Stanford Tango Week organized his first ValenTango festival in Portland Oregon Tango Fantasy on Miami Beach was formed by Jorge Nel Martha Mandel Lydia Henson and Randy Pittman as Florida s first tango festival and the Portland October Tangofest was launched again by Clay Nelson 1999 saw a split in Miami Nel and Mandel scheduled their United States Tango Congress to open a month prior to the Tango Fantasy event 41 Daniel Trenner has been credited with bringing improvisational social Argentine tango to the United States 42 Like the Garveys he first went to Buenos Aires in 1987 where he went to a milonga in Palermo and saw the traditional improvisational style being danced Trenner was introduced to Miguel and Nelly Balmacera a couple who would become his first tango teachers 43 Being fluent in both Spanish and English he was able to study with many Argentine tango masters including Gustavo Naveira and Mingo Pugliese He made video tapes of the lessons he took and translated the Spanish instruction into English In the late 1980s Trenner brought his newfound appreciation of traditional tango back to New York and conducted classes In 1991 Trenner began working with Rebecca Shulman in performing and teaching tango 44 Shulman would go on to be a co founder and director of TangoMujer in New York and Berlin In 1995 Trenner taught for ten weeks in Colorado followed by some 15 of those students accompanying him to Buenos Aires Out of this experience Tango Colorado was formed by Tom Stermitz and other tango aficionados from Denver Boulder and Fort Collins and a twice yearly tango festival was organized in Denver Trenner had planted the seed and moved on In this way Trenner has been called the Johnny Appleseed of tango 45 In 2002 the Folias Duo group is formed through their work as Argentine tango dance band leaders 46 In February 2009 the popular ABC series Dancing with the Stars announced that the Argentine tango would be added to the list of dances for its eighth season following the initiative by its British parent show Strictly Come Dancing the previous year citation needed There are numerous tango festivals in the United States Seattle Tango Magic Denver Memorial Day Portland Valentango in Portland Oregon Denver Tango Festival in Denver Colorado Boston Tango Festival in Boston See also editFigures of Argentine tango Chamarrita Finnish tango Carlos Gardel History of the tango Lunfardo Maxixe dance or Brazilian tango Milonga dance event Tango music Ballroom tango Tango Queer Tango Uruguayan tango El Sonido de mi Tierra The Great Dance of Argentina World tango dance tournamentReferences edit a b Denniston Christine The Hidden History of Tango The Hidden History of Tango Retrieved 30 September 2014 Drago duce menandro the 3rd 2008 Instrumental Tango Idioms in the Symphonic Works and Orchestral Arrangements of Astor Piazzolla Performance and Notational Problems A Conductor s Perspective p 14 ISBN 978 0549783237 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Origenes del Tango Todo Buenos Aires www todobuenosaires com Retrieved 2018 05 24 Andrews George Reid May 1979 Race Versus Class Association the Afro Argentines of Buenos Aires 1850 1900 Journal of Latin American Studies 11 1 19 39 doi 10 1017 s0022216x00022288 ISSN 0022 216X S2CID 145078581 Tateo Luca 2014 01 25 The Dialogical Dance Self Identity Construction Positioning and Embodiment in Tango Dancers Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science 48 3 299 321 doi 10 1007 s12124 014 9258 2 ISSN 1932 4502 PMID 24464345 S2CID 5472849 Shumway Nicolas 2023 04 28 The Invention of Argentina University of California Press doi 10 2307 jj 2711610 ISBN 978 0 520 91385 1 Savigliano Marta E 2018 02 06 Scandalizing National Identity Tango and the Political Economy of Passion Routledge pp 137 168 doi 10 4324 9780429497001 4 ISBN 978 0 429 49700 1 retrieved 2023 11 26 a b Karush M B 2012 07 23 Blackness in Argentina Jazz Tango and Race Before Peron Past amp Present 216 1 215 245 doi 10 1093 pastj gts008 ISSN 0031 2746 Karush M B 2012 07 23 Blackness in Argentina Jazz Tango and Race Before Peron Past amp Present 216 1 215 245 doi 10 1093 pastj gts008 ISSN 0031 2746 Tateo Luca 2014 01 25 The Dialogical Dance Self Identity Construction Positioning and Embodiment in Tango Dancers Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science 48 3 299 321 doi 10 1007 s12124 014 9258 2 ISSN 1932 4502 PMID 24464345 S2CID 5472849 Merritt Carolyn 2012 11 11 Finding Tango From the Golden Age to the Twenty First Century Tango Nuevo University Press of Florida pp 30 48 doi 10 5744 florida 9780813042190 003 0003 ISBN 9780813042190 retrieved 2023 11 26 Karush M B 2012 07 23 Blackness in Argentina Jazz Tango and Race Before Peron Past amp Present 216 1 215 245 doi 10 1093 pastj gts008 ISSN 0031 2746 Karush Matthew B 2012 Culture of Class Radio and Cinema in the Making of a Divided Argentina 1920 1946 1st ed Duke university press pp 1 19 ISBN 978 0 8223 5264 8 a b Liska Mercedes Westwell Peggy Vila Pablo 2016 Argentine queer tango dance and sexuality politics in Buenos Aires 1st ed Lexington Books Fortress Academic pp 1 20 ISBN 9781498538510 a b c Eder Otto 2018 el tango revista Viena Sonderedition ed Tango Ein Fremdling in Wien Vienna Austria Das Wiener Tagblatt 19th November 1913 Vienna Austria a b c Roberto Finelli La mappa del tango nel 1914 Italia Radiocrossovertango Auckland Tango Evolution of Tango in Vienna and Buenos Aires Auckland New Zealand Elefante Stefano September 2019 Tango in Vienna s imperial palace Tango y Cultura Popular 62 62 DE Oliver Lehmann Tango als Wissenschaft Wissenschaftsball 18 Marzo 2021 Savigliano Marta E 2018 02 06 Scandalizing National Identity Tango and the Political Economy of Passion Routledge pp 137 168 doi 10 4324 9780429497001 4 ISBN 978 0 429 49700 1 retrieved 2023 11 26 Caminar Users pandora be 2008 08 25 Retrieved 2010 03 15 Tango and modern dance Users pandora be 2007 06 23 Archived from the original on May 2 2008 Retrieved 2010 03 15 resume and timeline Juan Carlos Copes 1931 05 31 Archived from the original on 2010 06 30 Retrieved 2010 03 15 Keith Elshaw Maria Nieves Totango net Archived from the original on 4 April 2010 Retrieved 2010 03 15 Rivarola Carlos Carlos Rivarola Dancer and Choreographer Carlos Rivarola Archived from the original on 14 July 2011 Retrieved 8 August 2010 Tango Argentino Original Broadway Cast 1999 Broadway Retrieved 2 August 2016 Brammer P Nicole y Luis Retrieved 2 August 2016 Milena Tango Milena Plebs bio Milenatango com Archived from the original on 2009 04 03 Retrieved 2010 03 15 JVilas Virulazo Interview by the journalist Guillermo Alfieri Todotango com Retrieved 2010 03 15 Keith Elshaw Juan Carlos Copes Totango net Archived from the original on 28 April 2010 Retrieved 2010 03 15 Tango List Archived 2006 02 07 at the Wayback Machine Barbara Garvey Re TANGO L Going to Bs As Detecting sham and incompetent Teachers June 27 2003 Kelly Wilson 2008 11 06 Brigitta Winkler bio Members aol com Retrieved 2010 03 15 George A Nicol Interview with Nora Dinzelbacher Inscenes com Archived from the original on 2008 12 22 Retrieved 2010 03 15 Elshaw Keith Carlos Gavito 1942 2005 totango net Archived from the original on 2010 01 23 Retrieved 2010 03 15 Anton Gazenbeek Anton 2021 Inside the Show Tango Argentino Washington DC USA Massetti Publishing p 187 ISBN 978 1716879951 BA Tango Spotlight Nora Dinzelbacher The First Lady of Bay Area Tango Nancy Friedman 2003 Batango com Archived from the original on May 17 2008 Retrieved 2010 03 15 BA Tango Spotlight BA Tango remembers Bob Moretti Nancy Stevens Mendoza amp David Mendoza Batango com 2005 06 22 Archived from the original on May 17 2008 Retrieved 2010 03 15 Tango List Archived 2011 07 20 at the Wayback Machine Barbara Garvey Re TANGO L Revival of Tango in North America July 25 2003 Honolulu Star Bulletin March 24 2000 Tim Ryan Tangled Passions Deep emotion and sexuality heat up the tango IT TAKES TWO AND BALANCE Starbulletin com 2000 03 24 Retrieved 2010 03 15 Oldest Tango Festival Randy of Miami March 23 and 26 2007 Virtuar com Retrieved 2010 03 15 Daniel Trenner Tribute Pythia uoregon edu 2003 04 24 Archived from the original on 2003 11 04 Retrieved 2010 03 15 daniel trenner tango Daniel Trenner Tango the Argentine Social Dance 1998 Danieltrenner com Archived from the original on 2007 04 09 Retrieved 2010 03 15 Dance Manhattan Rebecca Shulman Dance manhattan com Retrieved 2010 03 15 Tom Stermitz Archived 2011 07 20 at the Wayback Machine Re TANGO L Revival of Tango in North America Pellicoro Book July 25 2003 Rylah Juliet Bennett Joined at the Hip Grand Rapids Magazine December 2009 External links editMusic edit 1 Argentine Tango Radio todotango com musicians lyricists discographies tango info music musicians lyricists CDs 78 rpmDance edit The Basics of Tango Part One Basic Tango principles and advice Tango Secrets users skynet be 2012 09 27 Archived from the original on 2021 01 19 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Argentine tango amp oldid 1190401864, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.