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Carlos Gardel

November 23, 2023

This article is about the person. For the metro station, see Carlos Gardel (Buenos Aires Underground).

Carlos Gardel (born Charles Romuald Gardès; 11 December 1890 – 24 June 1935) was a French-born Argentine singer, songwriter, composer and actor, and the most prominent figure in the history of tango. He was one of the most influential interpreters of world popular music in the first half of the 20th century. Gardel is the most famous popular tango singer of all time and is recognized throughout the world.[1][2][3][4] He was notable for his baritone voice and the dramatic phrasing of his lyrics. Together with lyricist and long-time collaborator Alfredo Le Pera, Gardel wrote several classic tangos.

Carlos Gardel
Mona Maris and Gardel in the film Cuesta Abajo (1934)
Background information
Birth nameCharles Romuald Gardès
Born(1890-12-11)11 December 1890
Toulouse, France
OriginBuenos Aires, Argentina
Died24 June 1935(1935-06-24) (aged 44)
Medellín, Colombia
GenresTango
Occupation(s)Singer-songwriter
Years active1917–1935

Gardel died in an airplane crash at the height of his career, becoming an archetypal tragic hero mourned throughout Latin America. For many, Gardel embodies the soul of the tango style. He is commonly referred to as "Carlitos", "El Zorzal" ("The Song thrush"), "The King of Tango", "El Mago" (The Wizard), "El Morocho del Abasto" (The Brunette boy from Abasto), and ironically "El Mudo" (The Mute).

In 1967, a controversial theory was published by Uruguayan writer Erasmo Silva Cabrera, asserting that Gardel was born in Tacuarembó, Uruguay. Other authors expanded upon this theory, and a museum to Gardel was established in Tacuarembó. But Gardel's friends and family all knew him as a French immigrant from Toulouse. Scholarly researchers analyzed the contradictory evidence, especially French birth and baptismal records, and confirmed his birthplace as Toulouse.[5][6]

Biography

Early life

Gardel was born to unmarried 25-year-old laundress Berthe Gardès, the baby registered under the name Charles Romuald Gardès in Toulouse, France, on 11 December 1890.[6] The father of the baby boy was listed on his birth certificate as "unknown", but 11 days later Berthe Gardès signed a statement establishing the baby's father as Paul Laserre, a married man who left Toulouse a few months before the baby was born.[5] Berthe Gardès also left Toulouse, a little over a year later, likely to escape the social stigma of having a child born out of wedlock. In early 1893 in Bordeaux, France, mother and son boarded the ship SS Don Pedro and sailed to Buenos Aires, arriving on 11 March 1893. Berthe Gardès had her passport recorded upon arrival; she told immigration authorities that she was a widow. The two-year-old boy was recorded as Charles Gardès.[5]

Gardel's mother settled at the western edge of the central San Nicolás district of Buenos Aires, at Calle Uruguay 162. She worked two blocks away on Calle Montevideo, pressing clothes in the French style, which commanded a relatively high price in the fashion-conscious city.[7] Gardel grew up speaking Spanish, not French, with friends and family calling him Carlos, the Spanish version of his French name, and often by the familiar diminutive form Carlitos.[8]

Some time after 1918, Laserre traveled from France to Buenos Aires to ask Berthe Gardès, now called Doña Berta, whether she would like to legitimize her son by marrying Laserre. This would have disrupted her story about being a widow. Gardel told his mother that if she did not need this man in her life, neither did he, closing the matter with "I don't even wish to see him."[9]

Career

Gardel began his singing career in bars and at private parties. He also sang with Francisco Martino and later in a trio with Martino and José Razzano. Gardel created the tango-canción in 1917 with his rendition of Pascual Contursi and Samuel Castriota's Mi noche triste. The recording sold 10,000 copies and was a hit throughout Latin America.[10]

Gardel went on tour through Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, Brazil, Puerto Rico, Venezuela and Colombia, as well as making appearances in Paris, New York, Barcelona and Madrid. He sold 70,000 records in the first three months of a 1928 visit to Paris. As his popularity grew, he made a number of films for Paramount in France and the U.S. While sentimental films such as Cuesta abajo (1934) and El día que me quieras (1935) lack lasting dramatic value, they were outstanding showcases of his tremendous singing talents and movie star looks.

Romantic life

Gardel was aware of the fact that much of his popularity was based on his attractiveness to women. In an effort to seem as if he were available to any woman, he sought to keep his love life secret. Gardel had one major girlfriend in his life: Isabel del Valle. He met del Valle in late 1920 when she was fourteen years of age.[11] At the time, he was performing at the Esmeralda Theater in Buenos Aires. They were close for more than a decade. Gardel and del Valle were not seen together very often in public. Gardel's mother and del Valle's family helped make sure the relationship was not well known. Only Gardel's closest friends knew about it.[12][13]

Gardel arranged for del Valle to have a house; he provided money for her to live on. Around 1930 the relationship began to degrade. Gardel had his lawyer stop making payments to del Valle, who later married another man and moved to Uruguay. She was always respectful of the memory of Gardel, even when interviewed about him in late life for a 1980s television program.[14]

Death

 
The coffin of Gardel moves down Florida Street in Buenos Aires
 
Carlos Gardel's grave at La Chacarita Cemetery

Gardel died on 24 June 1935 in a crash between two Ford Trimotor transport aircraft at Olaya Herrera Airfield, Medellín, Colombia. Others who died included the pilot Ernesto Samper, lyricist Alfredo Le Pera, guitarists Guillermo Desiderio Barbieri and Ángel Domingo Riverol [es], several business associates, and other friends of the group.[15] It is believed that a third guitarist, José María Aguilar Porrás, died a few days after the crash.[15][16][17]

Millions of Gardel's fans throughout Latin America went into mourning. Hordes came to pay their respects as his body was taken from Colombia through New York City and Rio de Janeiro. Thousands rendered homage during the two days he lay in state in Montevideo, the city in which his mother lived at the time. Gardel's body was laid to rest in La Chacarita Cemetery in Buenos Aires.

Birthplace controversy

 
Museo Carlos Gardel, a museum about the artist, located in Valle Edén, Tacuarembó
 
Statue of Carlos Gardel in Toulouse

The place and year of Gardel's birth was a controversy that provoked debate; Toulouse, France, in 1890 was the most widely accepted version for many years.[18][19] The Toulouse birthplace was confirmed in 2012 with the location of his birth certificate.[20] Scholars such as Vanderbilt University history professor Simon Collier, University of Belgrano agriculture history professor Osvaldo Barsky and Uruguayan history professor Jorge Ruffinelli from Stanford University write about how Gardel was born in Toulouse, France, in 1890, and how he laid a false trail about his birthplace beginning in 1920, when he was almost 30.[5][18][21]

In October 1920, Gardel first applied for Uruguayan citizenship; in Buenos Aires he went to the Uruguayan consulate to complete paperwork that said he was born in 1887 in Tacuarembó, Uruguay. One month later he was issued a new Argentine identity card that listed him as a Uruguayan national. On 7 March 1923 he applied for citizenship in Argentina. On 1 May 1923 he took the oath of Argentine citizenship. Today, there is no absolute certainty regarding why he took these steps. The most likely reason for this act was to avoid problems with French authorities during an upcoming tour of France. As a French citizen by birth, Gardel had been required to register with the French military during the Great War. It is likely that Gardel never registered; his name is not found on any lists of registrants. Uruguay maintained a neutrality policy during the war, so Gardel probably chose Uruguayan citizenship on that basis.[22]

In 1967, writer Erasmo Silva Cabrera started the modern dispute over Gardel's birthplace when he published arguments describing Gardel as having been born in Tacuarembó, Uruguay.[18][23][24] Nelson Bayardo wrote a similar book in 1988.[18][25] In 1990, Eduardo Payssé González published a book containing many biographical details supporting a birthplace of Tacuarembó.[18] The story is that Gardel was born in 1887 the son of influential Uruguayan landowner Carlos Escayola and Escayola's sister-in-law, 13-year-old Maria Lelia Oliva. The unwanted boy, named Carlos, was offered to Bertha Gardes who was passing through the area on a cabaret dance tour. Gardes took the boy back to France, where she was from. Later, she and the boy traveled again, this time to Buenos Aires, where they settled.[26] This version of events conflicts with scholarly accounts describing Gardes as an ordinary woman who ironed and pressed clothing in Toulouse in 1890, not a touring dancer.[27]

After Gardel's death, his legal representative, Armando Defino, produced a handwritten will which he said was written by Gardel himself, stating he was born in Toulouse, France, to Berthe Gardes (1865–1943), and baptized with the name of Charles Romuald Gardes.[27] This statement agrees with the original birth certificate registered in Toulouse on 11 December 1890.[6]

In his youth in Buenos Aires, Gardel's group of close friends called him "El francesito" (Frenchie), acknowledging his French origin.[28] After 1920, Gardel gave contradictory and evasive stories about his birthplace, most likely because of the false papers he had filed.[22] Reporters often wrote that Gardel was Uruguayan, born in Tacuarembó. In the newspaper El Telégrafo (Paysandú, Uruguay, 25 October 1933), Gardel was reported as saying, "I'm Uruguayan, born in Tacuarembó". In the June 1935 issue of Caretas magazine of Antioquia, Colombia, Gardel was reported as saying, "My heart is Argentine, but my soul is Uruguayan, because that is where I was born". In 1931, Gardel wrote in a witnessed document, "I am French, born in Toulouse, 11 December 1890, son of Berthe Gardes."[29]

Compositions

Gardel wrote the music and Alfredo Le Pera the lyrics for the following compositions:

Filmography

 
Gardel in New York promoting 1934's El Tango en Broadway

Notes:

  • 1 Gardel's first film, directed by Francisco Defilippis Novoa and made in collaboration with Celestino Petray.[21]

Legacy

Gardel's legacy is intimately tied with the tango. For his tango singing, Gardel is still revered from Tokyo to Buenos Aires. A popular saying in Argentina, which serves as a testimony to his long-lived popularity, claims, "Gardel sings better every day." Another commonly used phrase in Argentina (and some other Latin American countries) which asserts that Veinte años no es nada (Twenty years is nothing), comes from his song Volver (1934). Another common Argentine phrase is soy/sos Gardel y Le Pera (I'm/You are Gardel and Le Pera) referring to the greatness of both; used when somebody excels at something.[31][32] Gardel has been posthumously inducted into the International Latin Music Hall of Fame in 2000 and the Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2014.[33]

In the neighborhood of Abasto, Buenos Aires, the Carlos Gardel Museum opened in 2003, in a house that Gardel bought for his mother in 1927, and where he also lived from 1927 to 1933.[34] Another Carlos Gardel Museum opened in 1999 in Valle Edén, an old farm site 23 km (14 mi) south of Tacuarembó, Uruguay.[35]

There is also a small house museum, Casa Gardeliana, in Medellín.[36]

In literature

António Lobo Antunes wrote a novel entitled The Death of Carlos Gardel, in which one of the characters believes that Gardel did not die in the plane crash in 1935.[37]

Gardel appears as a fictionalized character in the play El día que me quieras (1979) by the Venezuelan writer José Ignacio Cabrujas.[38]

In film

In the 1939 biopic The Life of Carlos Gardel, he is portrayed by Hugo del Carril.[39][40]

Doble o Nada starring Dario Grandinetti and Aitana Sánchez-Gijón was released by Maverick in April 2003. It is a fictional story about a struggling Argentine tango singer who looks and sings like Gardel, and a woman admirer of Gardel, who encounters Franchi.[41]

Stamps

Over the years, Argentina has issued several postal stamps honoring Gardel.[42] In 1976 and again in 2004, Uruguay produced Gardel stamps,[43] with Uruguay calling him the "immortal Tacuaremboan" in the 2004 version.[44] In 1985, on the 50th anniversary of his death, Colombia produced a Gardel stamp which featured the singer and the airplane model that caused his death.[45] On 16 March 2011, the United States Postal Service issued a set of five "Latin Music Legends" stamps including one picturing Carlos Gardel.[46][47]

See also

References

  1. ^ "The Tango Made Flesh: Carlos Gardel | History Today".
  2. ^ Gardel – Felipe Pigna | PlanetadeLibros – via www.planetadelibros.com.ar.
  3. ^ "Proyecto".
  4. ^ "Carlos gardel, among the most prominent and influential Argentines of the 20th century worldwide". 8 June 2018.
  5. ^ a b c d Collier, Simon (1986). The Life, Music, and Times of Carlos Gardel. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 5. ISBN 0822984989.
  6. ^ a b c Bocaz, Luis (March 1986). "Tango Time", UNESCO Courier, p. 11.
  7. ^ Collier 1986, p. 6
  8. ^ Collier 1986, pp. 7–8
  9. ^ Collier 1986, p. 7
  10. ^ Cunningham, Amy (3 July 2011). Carlos "Gardel: The King of Tango", Sound and Colours.
  11. ^ "1907, March 16 – BIRTH OF ISABEL DEL VALLE". TODAY IN TANGO !. 16 March 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
  12. ^ Collier 1986, p. 73.
  13. ^ Ruffinelli, Jorge (2004). La sonrisa de Gardel: Biografía, mito y ficción (in Spanish). Ediciones Trilce. pp. 15, 91, 119, 139. ISBN 9974323568.
  14. ^ Collier 1986, pp. 121–22, 233, 210.
  15. ^ a b Clavell, M. (1996) (in Spanish), Biografía. In: Los Mejores Tangos de Carlos Gardel. Alfred Publ. Van Nuys, California.
  16. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Ford 5-AT-B Tri-Motor F-31 Medellín-Enrique Olaya Herrera Airport (EOH)".
  17. ^ Larkins, William T. (1958). The Ford Story: A Pictorial History of the Ford Tri-Motor, 1927-1957. Wichita, Kansas: Robert R. Longo Company. p. 136. hdl:2027/mdp.39015002911553. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
  18. ^ a b c d e Ruffinelli, Jorge (2004). La sonrisa de Gardel: Biografía, mito y ficción (in Spanish). Ediciones Trilce. pp. 31–32. ISBN 9974323568.
  19. ^ Zubillaga, Carlos [in Spanish] (1976). Carlos Gardel: tango inacabable. Colección Los Juglares (in Spanish). Vol. 33 (2 ed.). Júcar. pp. 9, 103.
  20. ^ Verónica Dema (20 September 2012). "Fin del misterio: muestran la partida de nacimiento de Gardel" [End of the mystery: they show Gardel's birth certificate]. La Nación (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 October 2012.
  21. ^ a b Barsky, Julián; Barsky, Osvaldo (2004). Gardel: La biografía (in Spanish). Taurus. ISBN 9870400132.
  22. ^ a b Collier 1986, p. 72.
  23. ^ Silva Cabrera, Erasmo (1967). Carlos Gardel: el gran desconocido. Ediciones Ciudadela.
  24. ^ Matamoro, Blas [in Spanish] (1971). Carlos Gardel. Centro Editor de América Latina. pp. 20–21.
  25. ^ Bayardo, Nelson (1988). Vida y milagros de Carlos Gardel. Ediciones La República.
  26. ^ "Argentina and Uruguay's tango row". From Our Own Correspondent. BBC News. 16 August 2008. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
  27. ^ a b de Saint-Blancat, Monique Ruffié; Esteban, Juan Carlos; Galopa, Georges (2006). Carlos Gardel: Sus Antecedentes Franceses (in Spanish). Corregidor. ISBN 9500516349.
  28. ^ Collier 1986, pp. 14, 22.
  29. ^ Alvarez, Eliseo (1995). Carlos Gardel : biografía autorizada (in Spanish). De la Urraca.
  30. ^ Jorge Finkielman (24 December 2003). The Film Industry in Argentina: An Illustrated Cultural History. McFarland. p. 194. ISBN 978-0-7864-8344-0.
  31. ^ "¡Soy Gardel! – Edición Impresa – Opinión". www.ellitoral.com. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  32. ^ "25 frases argentinas y que resumen a un argentino » Intriper". Intriper. (in Spanish). 30 November 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  33. ^ "Ingresa Gloria Estefan al Salón de la Fama". Milenio (in Spanish). 19 October 2014. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  34. ^ "Museo Casa Carlos Gardel". Official English Website for the City of Buenos Aires. 8 August 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
  35. ^ . Uruguay.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
  36. ^ "Casa Gardeliana Mesa de Museos de Medellín".
  37. ^ "Carlos Gardel". Gloria Tango. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  38. ^ Martínez, Ibsen (2 May 2017). "Columna | 'El día que me quieras'". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  39. ^ "Hugo del Carril". IMDb. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  40. ^ "Biography of Hugo Del Carril by Gaspar Astarita - Todotango.com". www.todotango.com. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  41. ^ "Film Screening: "Doble o nada (Double or Nothing)" (1997, 93 min.)". de Young. 13 June 2014. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  42. ^ "Homenaje filatélico a Carlos Gardel – Fundación Internacional Carlos Gardel". fundacioncarlosgardel.org. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  43. ^ "Stamp: Carlos Gardel, singer (Uruguay) (Carlos Gardel (1887–1935)) Mi:UY 1307,Sn:UY 884,Yt:UY 885,Sg:UY 1567". Colnect. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  44. ^ "Feuding Uruguay, Argentina unite to preserve tango". New York Daily News. Associated Press. 11 May 2009. p. 2. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
  45. ^ "Stamp: Carlos Gardel – Portrait, Fokker F-31 Trimotor (Colombia) (Death of Carlos Gardel, 50th Anniv.) Mi:CO 1651,Sn:CO 947,Yt:CO 890,Sg:CO 1728,Lt:CO 1678". Colnect. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  46. ^ USPS Postal News Release No. 11-024 (16 March 2011)
  47. ^ "Latin Music Legends". about.usps.com. Retrieved 27 July 2020.

External links

  Spanish Wikiquote has quotations related to: Carlos Gardel

 
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November 23, 2023
carlos, gardel, this, article, about, person, metro, station, buenos, aires, underground, born, charles, romuald, gardès, december, 1890, june, 1935, french, born, argentine, singer, songwriter, composer, actor, most, prominent, figure, history, tango, most, i. This article is about the person For the metro station see Carlos Gardel Buenos Aires Underground Carlos Gardel born Charles Romuald Gardes 11 December 1890 24 June 1935 was a French born Argentine singer songwriter composer and actor and the most prominent figure in the history of tango He was one of the most influential interpreters of world popular music in the first half of the 20th century Gardel is the most famous popular tango singer of all time and is recognized throughout the world 1 2 3 4 He was notable for his baritone voice and the dramatic phrasing of his lyrics Together with lyricist and long time collaborator Alfredo Le Pera Gardel wrote several classic tangos Carlos GardelMona Maris and Gardel in the film Cuesta Abajo 1934 Background informationBirth nameCharles Romuald GardesBorn 1890 12 11 11 December 1890Toulouse FranceOriginBuenos Aires ArgentinaDied24 June 1935 1935 06 24 aged 44 Medellin ColombiaGenresTangoOccupation s Singer songwriterYears active1917 1935 Gardel died in an airplane crash at the height of his career becoming an archetypal tragic hero mourned throughout Latin America For many Gardel embodies the soul of the tango style He is commonly referred to as Carlitos El Zorzal The Song thrush The King of Tango El Mago The Wizard El Morocho del Abasto The Brunette boy from Abasto and ironically El Mudo The Mute In 1967 a controversial theory was published by Uruguayan writer Erasmo Silva Cabrera asserting that Gardel was born in Tacuarembo Uruguay Other authors expanded upon this theory and a museum to Gardel was established in Tacuarembo But Gardel s friends and family all knew him as a French immigrant from Toulouse Scholarly researchers analyzed the contradictory evidence especially French birth and baptismal records and confirmed his birthplace as Toulouse 5 6 Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Early life 1 2 Career 1 3 Romantic life 1 4 Death 2 Birthplace controversy 3 Compositions 4 Filmography 5 Legacy 5 1 In literature 5 2 In film 5 3 Stamps 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksBiographyEarly life Gardel was born to unmarried 25 year old laundress Berthe Gardes the baby registered under the name Charles Romuald Gardes in Toulouse France on 11 December 1890 6 The father of the baby boy was listed on his birth certificate as unknown but 11 days later Berthe Gardes signed a statement establishing the baby s father as Paul Laserre a married man who left Toulouse a few months before the baby was born 5 Berthe Gardes also left Toulouse a little over a year later likely to escape the social stigma of having a child born out of wedlock In early 1893 in Bordeaux France mother and son boarded the ship SS Don Pedro and sailed to Buenos Aires arriving on 11 March 1893 Berthe Gardes had her passport recorded upon arrival she told immigration authorities that she was a widow The two year old boy was recorded as Charles Gardes 5 Gardel s mother settled at the western edge of the central San Nicolas district of Buenos Aires at Calle Uruguay 162 She worked two blocks away on Calle Montevideo pressing clothes in the French style which commanded a relatively high price in the fashion conscious city 7 Gardel grew up speaking Spanish not French with friends and family calling him Carlos the Spanish version of his French name and often by the familiar diminutive form Carlitos 8 Some time after 1918 Laserre traveled from France to Buenos Aires to ask Berthe Gardes now called Dona Berta whether she would like to legitimize her son by marrying Laserre This would have disrupted her story about being a widow Gardel told his mother that if she did not need this man in her life neither did he closing the matter with I don t even wish to see him 9 Career Gardel began his singing career in bars and at private parties He also sang with Francisco Martino and later in a trio with Martino and Jose Razzano Gardel created the tango cancion in 1917 with his rendition of Pascual Contursi and Samuel Castriota s Mi noche triste The recording sold 10 000 copies and was a hit throughout Latin America 10 Gardel went on tour through Argentina Uruguay Chile Brazil Puerto Rico Venezuela and Colombia as well as making appearances in Paris New York Barcelona and Madrid He sold 70 000 records in the first three months of a 1928 visit to Paris As his popularity grew he made a number of films for Paramount in France and the U S While sentimental films such as Cuesta abajo 1934 and El dia que me quieras 1935 lack lasting dramatic value they were outstanding showcases of his tremendous singing talents and movie star looks Romantic life Gardel was aware of the fact that much of his popularity was based on his attractiveness to women In an effort to seem as if he were available to any woman he sought to keep his love life secret Gardel had one major girlfriend in his life Isabel del Valle He met del Valle in late 1920 when she was fourteen years of age 11 At the time he was performing at the Esmeralda Theater in Buenos Aires They were close for more than a decade Gardel and del Valle were not seen together very often in public Gardel s mother and del Valle s family helped make sure the relationship was not well known Only Gardel s closest friends knew about it 12 13 Gardel arranged for del Valle to have a house he provided money for her to live on Around 1930 the relationship began to degrade Gardel had his lawyer stop making payments to del Valle who later married another man and moved to Uruguay She was always respectful of the memory of Gardel even when interviewed about him in late life for a 1980s television program 14 Death nbsp The coffin of Gardel moves down Florida Street in Buenos Aires nbsp Carlos Gardel s grave at La Chacarita CemeteryGardel died on 24 June 1935 in a crash between two Ford Trimotor transport aircraft at Olaya Herrera Airfield Medellin Colombia Others who died included the pilot Ernesto Samper lyricist Alfredo Le Pera guitarists Guillermo Desiderio Barbieri and Angel Domingo Riverol es several business associates and other friends of the group 15 It is believed that a third guitarist Jose Maria Aguilar Porras died a few days after the crash 15 16 17 Millions of Gardel s fans throughout Latin America went into mourning Hordes came to pay their respects as his body was taken from Colombia through New York City and Rio de Janeiro Thousands rendered homage during the two days he lay in state in Montevideo the city in which his mother lived at the time Gardel s body was laid to rest in La Chacarita Cemetery in Buenos Aires Birthplace controversy nbsp Museo Carlos Gardel a museum about the artist located in Valle Eden Tacuarembo nbsp Statue of Carlos Gardel in ToulouseThe place and year of Gardel s birth was a controversy that provoked debate Toulouse France in 1890 was the most widely accepted version for many years 18 19 The Toulouse birthplace was confirmed in 2012 with the location of his birth certificate 20 Scholars such as Vanderbilt University history professor Simon Collier University of Belgrano agriculture history professor Osvaldo Barsky and Uruguayan history professor Jorge Ruffinelli from Stanford University write about how Gardel was born in Toulouse France in 1890 and how he laid a false trail about his birthplace beginning in 1920 when he was almost 30 5 18 21 In October 1920 Gardel first applied for Uruguayan citizenship in Buenos Aires he went to the Uruguayan consulate to complete paperwork that said he was born in 1887 in Tacuarembo Uruguay One month later he was issued a new Argentine identity card that listed him as a Uruguayan national On 7 March 1923 he applied for citizenship in Argentina On 1 May 1923 he took the oath of Argentine citizenship Today there is no absolute certainty regarding why he took these steps The most likely reason for this act was to avoid problems with French authorities during an upcoming tour of France As a French citizen by birth Gardel had been required to register with the French military during the Great War It is likely that Gardel never registered his name is not found on any lists of registrants Uruguay maintained a neutrality policy during the war so Gardel probably chose Uruguayan citizenship on that basis 22 In 1967 writer Erasmo Silva Cabrera started the modern dispute over Gardel s birthplace when he published arguments describing Gardel as having been born in Tacuarembo Uruguay 18 23 24 Nelson Bayardo wrote a similar book in 1988 18 25 In 1990 Eduardo Paysse Gonzalez published a book containing many biographical details supporting a birthplace of Tacuarembo 18 The story is that Gardel was born in 1887 the son of influential Uruguayan landowner Carlos Escayola and Escayola s sister in law 13 year old Maria Lelia Oliva The unwanted boy named Carlos was offered to Bertha Gardes who was passing through the area on a cabaret dance tour Gardes took the boy back to France where she was from Later she and the boy traveled again this time to Buenos Aires where they settled 26 This version of events conflicts with scholarly accounts describing Gardes as an ordinary woman who ironed and pressed clothing in Toulouse in 1890 not a touring dancer 27 After Gardel s death his legal representative Armando Defino produced a handwritten will which he said was written by Gardel himself stating he was born in Toulouse France to Berthe Gardes 1865 1943 and baptized with the name of Charles Romuald Gardes 27 This statement agrees with the original birth certificate registered in Toulouse on 11 December 1890 6 In his youth in Buenos Aires Gardel s group of close friends called him El francesito Frenchie acknowledging his French origin 28 After 1920 Gardel gave contradictory and evasive stories about his birthplace most likely because of the false papers he had filed 22 Reporters often wrote that Gardel was Uruguayan born in Tacuarembo In the newspaper El Telegrafo Paysandu Uruguay 25 October 1933 Gardel was reported as saying I m Uruguayan born in Tacuarembo In the June 1935 issue of Caretas magazine of Antioquia Colombia Gardel was reported as saying My heart is Argentine but my soul is Uruguayan because that is where I was born In 1931 Gardel wrote in a witnessed document I am French born in Toulouse 11 December 1890 son of Berthe Gardes 29 CompositionsGardel wrote the music and Alfredo Le Pera the lyrics for the following compositions Amargura tango Amores de Estudiante waltz Apure Delantero Buey song Arrabal Amargo tango Caminito Soleado song Cheating Muchachita Criollita deci que si song Cuesta Abajo tango El dia que me quieras song Golondrinas tango Guitarra Guitarra Mia La Criolla La Vida en un Trago Lejana Tierra Mia song Los Panchos en Buenos Aires Melodia de Arrabal tango Mi Buenos Aires Querido tango 1934 Olvido Por tu Boca Roja Por una cabeza tango 1935 Quiereme Recuerdo Malevo tango Rubias de New York foxtrot Soledad tango Suerte Negra waltz Sus ojos se Cerraron tango Viejos Tiempos tango Volver tango 1934 Volvio una Noche tango nbsp Jose Razzano left and Gardel in Gardel s mother s house 1926Filmography nbsp Gardel in New York promoting 1934 s El Tango en BroadwayFlor de Durazno 1917 silent 1 Anoranzas 1930 short Canchero 1930 El Carretero 1930 short El Quinielero 1930 short Enfunda la Mandolina 1930 short Leguisamo Solo 1930 short Mano a Mano 1930 short Padrino Pelado 1930 short Tengo Miedo 1930 Viejo Smoking 1930 short Yira Yira 1930 short The Lights of Buenos Aires 1931 filmed in Paris Esperame 1932 La Casa es Seria 1932 Suburban Melody 1933 Downward Slope 1934 The Tango on Broadway 1934 El dia que me quieras 1935 Cazadores de Estrellas 1935 Tango Bar 1935 30 Notes 1 Gardel s first film directed by Francisco Defilippis Novoa and made in collaboration with Celestino Petray 21 LegacyGardel s legacy is intimately tied with the tango For his tango singing Gardel is still revered from Tokyo to Buenos Aires A popular saying in Argentina which serves as a testimony to his long lived popularity claims Gardel sings better every day Another commonly used phrase in Argentina and some other Latin American countries which asserts that Veinte anos no es nada Twenty years is nothing comes from his song Volver 1934 Another common Argentine phrase is soy sos Gardel y Le Pera I m You are Gardel and Le Pera referring to the greatness of both used when somebody excels at something 31 32 Gardel has been posthumously inducted into the International Latin Music Hall of Fame in 2000 and the Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2014 33 In the neighborhood of Abasto Buenos Aires the Carlos Gardel Museum opened in 2003 in a house that Gardel bought for his mother in 1927 and where he also lived from 1927 to 1933 34 Another Carlos Gardel Museum opened in 1999 in Valle Eden an old farm site 23 km 14 mi south of Tacuarembo Uruguay 35 There is also a small house museum Casa Gardeliana in Medellin 36 In literature Antonio Lobo Antunes wrote a novel entitled The Death of Carlos Gardel in which one of the characters believes that Gardel did not die in the plane crash in 1935 37 Gardel appears as a fictionalized character in the play El dia que me quieras 1979 by the Venezuelan writer Jose Ignacio Cabrujas 38 In film In the 1939 biopic The Life of Carlos Gardel he is portrayed by Hugo del Carril 39 40 Doble o Nada starring Dario Grandinetti and Aitana Sanchez Gijon was released by Maverick in April 2003 It is a fictional story about a struggling Argentine tango singer who looks and sings like Gardel and a woman admirer of Gardel who encounters Franchi 41 Stamps Over the years Argentina has issued several postal stamps honoring Gardel 42 In 1976 and again in 2004 Uruguay produced Gardel stamps 43 with Uruguay calling him the immortal Tacuaremboan in the 2004 version 44 In 1985 on the 50th anniversary of his death Colombia produced a Gardel stamp which featured the singer and the airplane model that caused his death 45 On 16 March 2011 the United States Postal Service issued a set of five Latin Music Legends stamps including one picturing Carlos Gardel 46 47 See alsoList of tango singersReferences The Tango Made Flesh Carlos Gardel History Today Gardel Felipe Pigna PlanetadeLibros via www planetadelibros com ar Proyecto Carlos gardel among the most prominent and influential Argentines of the 20th century worldwide 8 June 2018 a b c d Collier Simon 1986 The Life Music and Times of Carlos Gardel University of Pittsburgh Press p 5 ISBN 0822984989 a b c Bocaz Luis March 1986 Tango Time UNESCO Courier p 11 Collier 1986 p 6 Collier 1986 pp 7 8 Collier 1986 p 7 Cunningham Amy 3 July 2011 Carlos Gardel The King of Tango Sound and Colours 1907 March 16 BIRTH OF ISABEL DEL VALLE TODAY IN TANGO 16 March 2011 Retrieved 13 March 2018 Collier 1986 p 73 Ruffinelli Jorge 2004 La sonrisa de Gardel Biografia mito y ficcion in Spanish Ediciones Trilce pp 15 91 119 139 ISBN 9974323568 Collier 1986 pp 121 22 233 210 a b Clavell M 1996 in Spanish Biografia In Los Mejores Tangos de Carlos Gardel Alfred Publ Van Nuys California Ranter Harro ASN Aircraft accident Ford 5 AT B Tri Motor F 31 Medellin Enrique Olaya Herrera Airport EOH Larkins William T 1958 The Ford Story A Pictorial History of the Ford Tri Motor 1927 1957 Wichita Kansas Robert R Longo Company p 136 hdl 2027 mdp 39015002911553 Retrieved 8 April 2019 a b c d e Ruffinelli Jorge 2004 La sonrisa de Gardel Biografia mito y ficcion in Spanish Ediciones Trilce pp 31 32 ISBN 9974323568 Zubillaga Carlos in Spanish 1976 Carlos Gardel tango inacabable Coleccion Los Juglares in Spanish Vol 33 2 ed Jucar pp 9 103 Veronica Dema 20 September 2012 Fin del misterio muestran la partida de nacimiento de Gardel End of the mystery they show Gardel s birth certificate La Nacion in Spanish Retrieved 3 October 2012 a b Barsky Julian Barsky Osvaldo 2004 Gardel La biografia in Spanish Taurus ISBN 9870400132 a b Collier 1986 p 72 Silva Cabrera Erasmo 1967 Carlos Gardel el gran desconocido Ediciones Ciudadela Matamoro Blas in Spanish 1971 Carlos Gardel Centro Editor de America Latina pp 20 21 Bayardo Nelson 1988 Vida y milagros de Carlos Gardel Ediciones La Republica Argentina and Uruguay s tango row From Our Own Correspondent BBC News 16 August 2008 Retrieved 31 August 2012 a b de Saint Blancat Monique Ruffie Esteban Juan Carlos Galopa Georges 2006 Carlos Gardel Sus Antecedentes Franceses in Spanish Corregidor ISBN 9500516349 Collier 1986 pp 14 22 Alvarez Eliseo 1995 Carlos Gardel biografia autorizada in Spanish De la Urraca Jorge Finkielman 24 December 2003 The Film Industry in Argentina An Illustrated Cultural History McFarland p 194 ISBN 978 0 7864 8344 0 Soy Gardel Edicion Impresa Opinion www ellitoral com Retrieved 27 July 2020 25 frases argentinas y que resumen a un argentino Intriper Intriper in Spanish 30 November 2016 Retrieved 27 July 2020 Ingresa Gloria Estefan al Salon de la Fama Milenio in Spanish 19 October 2014 Retrieved 22 December 2017 Museo Casa Carlos Gardel Official English Website for the City of Buenos Aires 8 August 2016 Retrieved 24 April 2017 Carlos Gardel Museum Uruguay com Archived from the original on 3 March 2016 Retrieved 31 August 2012 Casa Gardeliana Mesa de Museos de Medellin Carlos Gardel Gloria Tango Retrieved 27 July 2020 Martinez Ibsen 2 May 2017 Columna El dia que me quieras El Pais in Spanish ISSN 1134 6582 Retrieved 27 July 2020 Hugo del Carril IMDb Retrieved 27 July 2020 Biography of Hugo Del Carril by Gaspar Astarita Todotango com www todotango com Retrieved 27 July 2020 Film Screening Doble o nada Double or Nothing 1997 93 min de Young 13 June 2014 Retrieved 27 July 2020 Homenaje filatelico a Carlos Gardel Fundacion Internacional Carlos Gardel fundacioncarlosgardel org Retrieved 27 July 2020 Stamp Carlos Gardel singer Uruguay Carlos Gardel 1887 1935 Mi UY 1307 Sn UY 884 Yt UY 885 Sg UY 1567 Colnect Retrieved 27 July 2020 Feuding Uruguay Argentina unite to preserve tango New York Daily News Associated Press 11 May 2009 p 2 Retrieved 31 August 2012 Stamp Carlos Gardel Portrait Fokker F 31 Trimotor Colombia Death of Carlos Gardel 50th Anniv Mi CO 1651 Sn CO 947 Yt CO 890 Sg CO 1728 Lt CO 1678 Colnect Retrieved 27 July 2020 USPS Postal News Release No 11 024 16 March 2011 Latin Music Legends about usps com Retrieved 27 July 2020 External links nbsp Spanish Wikiquote has quotations related to Carlos Gardel nbsp Wikisource has original works by or about Carlos Gardel nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carlos Gardel Carlos Gardel at AllMusic Carlos Gardel at IMDb Carlos Gardel recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings Carlos Gardel at Cinenacional com in Spanish archive Carlos Gardel at Todotango com Carlos Gardel King of Tango at Sounds and Colours Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Carlos Gardel amp oldid 1186040084, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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