The bandoneon (or bandonion, Spanish: bandoneón) is a type of concertina particularly popular in Argentina and Uruguay. It is a typical instrument in most tango ensembles. As with other members of the concertina family, the bandoneon is held between the hands, and by pulling and pushing actions force air through bellows and then routing air through particular reeds as by pressing the instrument's buttons. Bandoneons have a different sound from accordions, because bandoneons do not usually have the register switches that are common on accordions. Nevertheless, the tone of the bandoneon can be changed a great deal using varied bellows pressure and overblowing, thus creating potential for expressive playing and diverse timbres.
The Bandonion, so named by the German instrument dealer Heinrich Band (1821–1860), was originally intended as an instrument for religious and popular music of the day, in contrast to its predecessor, German concertina (Konzertina), which had predominantly been used in folk music.[1]: 16 Around 1870, German and Italian emigrants and sailors brought the instrument to Argentina, where it was adopted into the nascent genre of tango music, a descendant of the earlier milonga.[2]
By 1910 bandoneons were being produced in Germany expressly for the Argentine and Uruguayan markets, with 25,000 shipping to Argentina in 1930 alone. However, declining popularity and the disruption of German manufacturing in World War II led to an end of bandoneon mass-production.[1]: 17
Original instruments can be seen in a number of German museums, such as the Preuss family's Bandoneon Museum in Lichtenberg and the Steinhart family's collection in Kirchzarten, Freiburg, which has now been moved to the Tango- and Bandoneon museum in Staufen since July 2014.
Historically, bandoneons were produced primarily in Germany[citation needed] and never in Argentina itself, despite their popularity in that country. As a result, by the 2000s vintage bandoneons had become rare and expensive (costing around $4,000), limiting the opportunities for prospective bandeonists. In 2014, the National University of Lanús announced its plan to develop an affordable Argentine-made bandoneon, which it hoped to market for one-third to one-half of the cost of vintage instruments.[3]
Technique
The left-hand buttons, on the left of the diagram, play bass notes, The right-hand buttons, on the right side, play higher-pitched notes. Each button plays a different note if the bellows are pulled open or pushed closed.
As with other members of the concertina family, the bandoneon is held between the hands, and pulling and pushing actions force air through bellows and then through particular reeds as selected by pressing the instrument's buttons. As with other concertinas, the button action is parallel to the motion of the bellows, and not perpendicular to it as with an accordion.
Unlike what happens with a piano accordion, but in similar fashion to a melodeon or Anglo concertina, a given bandoneon button produces different notes on the push and the pull (bisonoric). This means that each keyboard actually has two layouts: one for opening notes, and one for closing notes. Since the right and left hand layouts are also different, a musician must learn four different keyboard layouts to play the instrument.[1]: 18
These keyboard layouts are not structured to make it easy to play scale passages of single notes: they were originally laid out to facilitate playing chords, for supporting singers of religious music in small churches with no organ or harmonium, or for clergy requiring a portable instrument (missionaries, traveling evangelists, army and navy chaplains, and so forth).
Unisonoric
While the standard bandoneon is bisonoric (different note on push and pull), some bandoneon variants are monosonoric, or unisonoric (same note on push and pull). These include the Ernst Kusserow and Charles Peguri systems, both introduced around 1925.[1]: 18 [4]
The Argentinian bandleader, composer, arranger, and tango performer Aníbal Troilo was a leading 20th-century proponent of the bandoneon. The bandoneon player and composer Ástor Piazzolla played and arranged in Troilo's orquesta from 1939 to 1944. Piazzolla's "Fugata" from 1969 showcases the instrument, which plays the initial fugue subject on the 1st statement, then moves on to the outright tango after the introduction. With his solos and accompaniment on the bandoneon, Piazzolla combined a musical composition much derived from classical music (which he had studied intensively in his formative years) with traditional instrumental tango, to form nuevo tango, his new interpretation of the genre.
List of manufacturers
A list of some current and historical bandoneon manufacturers:
Asociación Argentina de Luthiers
Baldoni Accordions (USA)
Bandoneón AZ - Ángel y Gabriel Zullo (Argentina)
Bandoneones A. A. Alfred Arnold (Germany, until 1948)
Bandoneones F. F. - Juan Pablo Fredes (Gambier, La Plata, Argentina)
Bandoneones Baltazar Estol (Argentina)
Bandoneones Toscano (Mendoza, Argentina), Vicente Toscano, fabricante y restaurador de bandoneones.
^ abcdDrago, Alejandro Marcelo (May 2008). Instrumental Tango Idioms in the Symphonic Works and Orchestral Arrangements of Astor Piazzolla. Performance and Notational Problems: A Conductor's Perspective (Thesis). University of Southern Mississippi. ISBN978-0-549-78323-7. Retrieved 31 December 2021 – via Aquila Digital.
^Groppa, Carlos G. (30 December 2003). The Tango in the United States: A History. McFarland. pp. 69–. ISBN978-0-7864-2686-7.
^Jemio, Diego (6 November 2014). "The musical key to keeping Argentina dancing the tango". BBC News. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
^Bugallo, Rubén Pérez (1 January 1993). Catálogo ilustrado de instrumentos musicales argentinos. Ediciones Del Sol. pp. 77–. ISBN978-950-9413-49-8.
Doktorski, Henry (1998). "The Classical Bandoneón". The Classical Free-Reed. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bandoneón.
Proyecto Bandomecum Bandoneon's Portal Page
Christian's Bandoneon Page
January 07, 2023
bandoneon, bandoneon, bandonion, spanish, bandoneón, type, concertina, particularly, popular, argentina, uruguay, typical, instrument, most, tango, ensembles, with, other, members, concertina, family, bandoneon, held, between, hands, pulling, pushing, actions,. The bandoneon or bandonion Spanish bandoneon is a type of concertina particularly popular in Argentina and Uruguay It is a typical instrument in most tango ensembles As with other members of the concertina family the bandoneon is held between the hands and by pulling and pushing actions force air through bellows and then routing air through particular reeds as by pressing the instrument s buttons Bandoneons have a different sound from accordions because bandoneons do not usually have the register switches that are common on accordions Nevertheless the tone of the bandoneon can be changed a great deal using varied bellows pressure and overblowing thus creating potential for expressive playing and diverse timbres BandoneonOther instrumentClassificationAerophone Free reed WindHornbostel Sachs classification412 132 Free reed aerophone DevelopedGermany mid 1800sRelated instrumentsChemnitzer concertina concertina harmonica melodeon reed organ yuMusiciansAstor Piazzolla Anibal Troilo source source play A bandoneon playing modern tango Early bandoneon c 1905 Alfred Arnold bandoneon c 1949 Contents 1 History 2 Technique 2 1 Unisonoric 3 Players 4 List of manufacturers 5 Prominent players 6 Construction 7 Bandoneon like instruments 8 References 9 External linksHistory EditThe Bandonion so named by the German instrument dealer Heinrich Band 1821 1860 was originally intended as an instrument for religious and popular music of the day in contrast to its predecessor German concertina Konzertina which had predominantly been used in folk music 1 16 Around 1870 German and Italian emigrants and sailors brought the instrument to Argentina where it was adopted into the nascent genre of tango music a descendant of the earlier milonga 2 By 1910 bandoneons were being produced in Germany expressly for the Argentine and Uruguayan markets with 25 000 shipping to Argentina in 1930 alone However declining popularity and the disruption of German manufacturing in World War II led to an end of bandoneon mass production 1 17 Original instruments can be seen in a number of German museums such as the Preuss family s Bandoneon Museum in Lichtenberg and the Steinhart family s collection in Kirchzarten Freiburg which has now been moved to the Tango and Bandoneon museum in Staufen since July 2014 Historically bandoneons were produced primarily in Germany citation needed and never in Argentina itself despite their popularity in that country As a result by the 2000s vintage bandoneons had become rare and expensive costing around 4 000 limiting the opportunities for prospective bandeonists In 2014 the National University of Lanus announced its plan to develop an affordable Argentine made bandoneon which it hoped to market for one third to one half of the cost of vintage instruments 3 Technique Edit The left hand buttons on the left of the diagram play bass notes The right hand buttons on the right side play higher pitched notes Each button plays a different note if the bellows are pulled open or pushed closed As with other members of the concertina family the bandoneon is held between the hands and pulling and pushing actions force air through bellows and then through particular reeds as selected by pressing the instrument s buttons As with other concertinas the button action is parallel to the motion of the bellows and not perpendicular to it as with an accordion Unlike what happens with a piano accordion but in similar fashion to a melodeon or Anglo concertina a given bandoneon button produces different notes on the push and the pull bisonoric This means that each keyboard actually has two layouts one for opening notes and one for closing notes Since the right and left hand layouts are also different a musician must learn four different keyboard layouts to play the instrument 1 18 These keyboard layouts are not structured to make it easy to play scale passages of single notes they were originally laid out to facilitate playing chords for supporting singers of religious music in small churches with no organ or harmonium or for clergy requiring a portable instrument missionaries traveling evangelists army and navy chaplains and so forth Unisonoric Edit While the standard bandoneon is bisonoric different note on push and pull some bandoneon variants are monosonoric or unisonoric same note on push and pull These include the Ernst Kusserow and Charles Peguri systems both introduced around 1925 1 18 4 Players Edit Astor Piazzolla in 1971 The Argentinian bandleader composer arranger and tango performer Anibal Troilo was a leading 20th century proponent of the bandoneon The bandoneon player and composer Astor Piazzolla played and arranged in Troilo s orquesta from 1939 to 1944 Piazzolla s Fugata from 1969 showcases the instrument which plays the initial fugue subject on the 1st statement then moves on to the outright tango after the introduction With his solos and accompaniment on the bandoneon Piazzolla combined a musical composition much derived from classical music which he had studied intensively in his formative years with traditional instrumental tango to form nuevo tango his new interpretation of the genre List of manufacturers EditA list of some current and historical bandoneon manufacturers Asociacion Argentina de Luthiers Baldoni Accordions USA Bandoneon AZ Angel y Gabriel Zullo Argentina Bandoneones A A Alfred Arnold Germany until 1948 Bandoneones F F Juan Pablo Fredes Gambier La Plata Argentina Bandoneones Baltazar Estol Argentina Bandoneones Toscano Mendoza Argentina Vicente Toscano fabricante y restaurador de bandoneones Bandonion amp Concertinafabrik Klingenthal Germany Mario Bianco Uruguay Castagnari Italy Danielson Industria de Acordeoes e Bandoneoes Brazil D amp J Trupin SARL France Enrique Fasuolo Argentina Oscar Fisher Argentina Giustozzi Italy Handzuginstrumente Carlsfeld Eibenstock Germany Klaus Gutjahr Germany Harry Geuns Bandoneons Belgium Uwe Hartenhauer Klingenthal Germany Ricardo Matteo Uruguay Museo Luis Alfredo Mariani La Reja Moreno Argentina Pigini Fratelli amp C snc Italy Premier Bandoneonbau Peter Spende Germany Stagi Accordions amp Bandoneons Italy Tangobrujo Venta amp Restauraciones Daniel Barrientos Argentina Victoria Accordions Company Italy Prominent players EditVicente Greco 1888 1924 Augusto Berto 1889 1953 Eduardo Arolas 1892 1924 Anselmo Aieta 1896 1964 Osvaldo Fresedo 1897 1984 Pedro Maffia 1899 1967 Pedro Laurenz 1902 1972 Ricardo Malerba 1905 1974 Miguel Calo 1907 1972 Anibal Troilo 1914 1975 Hector Varela 1914 1987 Juan Cambareri 1916 1992 Domingo Federico 1916 2000 Alberto Caracciolo 1918 1994 Enrique Alessio 1918 2000 Astor Piazzolla 1921 1992 Leopoldo Federico 1927 2014 Juan Jose Mosalini 1943 2022 Ruben Juarez 1947 2010 Claudio Constantini Hector del Curto Per Arne Glorvigen Gianni Iorio Ryōta Komatsu Rodolfo Mederos Gabriel Merlino Dino SaluzziConstruction EditExterior Alfred Arnold bandoneon Right Center Left Note that each button has its number or symbolA look inside a bandoneon Bandoneon like instruments EditAlthough these squeezeboxes resemble in appearance they are not bandoneons Chemnitzer concertina Chemnitzer concertina made in 1926 Chemnitzer concertina made in 2000Chromatiphon BandoMIneDonI References Edit a b c d Drago Alejandro Marcelo May 2008 Instrumental Tango Idioms in the Symphonic Works and Orchestral Arrangements of Astor Piazzolla Performance and Notational Problems A Conductor s Perspective Thesis University of Southern Mississippi ISBN 978 0 549 78323 7 Retrieved 31 December 2021 via Aquila Digital Groppa Carlos G 30 December 2003 The Tango in the United States A History McFarland pp 69 ISBN 978 0 7864 2686 7 Jemio Diego 6 November 2014 The musical key to keeping Argentina dancing the tango BBC News Retrieved 13 November 2014 Bugallo Ruben Perez 1 January 1993 Catalogo ilustrado de instrumentos musicales argentinos Ediciones Del Sol pp 77 ISBN 978 950 9413 49 8 Doktorski Henry 1998 The Classical Bandoneon The Classical Free Reed Retrieved 31 December 2021 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bandoneon Proyecto Bandomecum Bandoneon s Portal Page Christian s Bandoneon Page Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bandoneon amp oldid 1127395946, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
