Ove Arup
Sir Ove Nyquist Arup, CBE, MICE, MIStructE, FCIOB (16 April 1895 – 5 February 1988) was an English engineer who founded Arup Group Limited, a multinational corporation that offers engineering, design, planning, project management, and consulting services for building systems.[1] Ove Arup is considered to be among the foremost architectural structural engineers of his time.
Ove Arup | |
|---|---|
| Born | 16 April 1895 Newcastle upon Tyne, England |
| Died | 5 February 1988 (aged 92) London, England |
| Nationality | English |
| Citizenship | British |
| Education | Sorø Academy University of Copenhagen Polyteknisk Læreanstalt |
| Occupation | Engineer |
| Spouse | Ruth Sørensen |
| Parent(s) | Jens Simon Johannes Arup Mathilde Jolette Nyquist |
| Engineering career | |
| Discipline | Structural engineer |
| Institutions | Institution of Structural Engineers |
| Practice name | Arup |
| Projects | Sydney Opera House Centre Pompidou Kingsgate Bridge Highpoint I Labworth Café |
| Awards | IStructE Gold Medal RIBA Gold Medal |
Personal life and education Edit
Arup was born in Newcastle, England, in 1895,[2] to the Danish veterinary surgeon Jens Simon Johannes Arup and his Norwegian wife, Mathilde Bolette Nyquist.
Arup attended the Sorø Academy in Denmark, a boarding school with many influences from Thomas Arnold of the Rugby School in the United Kingdom.
In 1913, he began studying philosophy at University of Copenhagen and in 1918 enrolled for an engineering degree at the Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen,[3] specialising in reinforced concrete. He completed his studies in 1922. At this time Ove Arup was influenced by Le Corbusier and his publication Vers une architecture, published that year; and also by Walter Gropius, the founder of the Bauhaus movement.[citation needed]
Arup married Ruth Sørensen, known as Li, on 13 August 1925.[4]
Working life Edit
Before WWII Edit
In 1922, Ove Arup began work with a Danish firm in Hamburg called Christiani & Nielsen, and in December 1923 he moved to their London office as chief engineer.[5]
He designed the Labworth Café—a café with two integrated shelters set on the promenade of the neighbouring Essex seaside resort of Canvey Island. The café exists as the only building solely designed by Arup.[6]
He then worked as a structural consultant to the Tecton partnership, notably on the Penguin Pool at London's Regent's Park Zoo,[7] Whipsnade Zoo, Dudley Zoo, as a construction supervisor for a villa in Heath Drive, Romford, Essex and on Highpoint I, Highgate (a building he was later highly critical of). The close working relationship that Arup developed with Tecton's senior partner Berthold Lubetkin, proved to be highly important in the development of both men's careers.[5]
He moved next to a London construction company, J. L. Kier & Co. in London, as director and chief designer from 1934 to 1938, and during the 1930s he also worked with Ernő Goldfinger, Wells Coates, Maxwell Fry, Yorke, Rosenberg & Mardall and Marcel Breuer.[5]
He became a member of the executive committee of the MARS Group in 1935. In 1938, he and his cousin Arne founded Arup & Arup Limited, a firm of engineers and contractors.[5]
World War II Edit
Before the war, Ove Arup was on the Air Raid Precautions organising committee and he advised Finsbury Council on the provision of bomb shelters. During the war he published a number of papers on shelter policy and designs, mainly advocating reinforced concrete mass shelters, rather than the government policy of dispersing the population in small domestic shelters. Largely for political reasons most of his recommendations were never adopted, although some wealthy Londoners were able to build concrete shelters according to his design.
Arup played a significant part in the design of the Mulberry temporary harbours used during the D-Day landings.[5] The Mulberry Harbour was a type of temporary harbour developed to offload cargo on the beaches during the Allied invasion of Normandy. The sections for two prefabricated or artificial military harbours were taken with the invading army from Britain across the English Channel and assembled off the coast of Normandy as part of the D-Day invasion of France in 1944.
Arup & Partners Edit
In 1946, after dissolving Arup & Arup Ltd, he created a team of Civil and Structural Engineering consultants. In the same year, he formed his first partnership with Ronald Jenkins, Geoffrey Wood and Andrew Young called Arup and Partners.
A further company, Arup Associates,[8] was formed in 1963 as a new partnership, a body of Architects and Engineers working on an equal basis as Building Designers:[9] the engineer Ove Arup, the architects Francis Pym and Philip Dowson, and the former partners of Arup and Partners. It was a multi-disciplinary company providing engineering, architectural, and other services for the built environment. Arup said himself that ultimately, all of the Arup names resulted in a firm called simply Arup.[5]
Notable projects Edit
Highpoint I Edit
Highpoint I, built in 1935, was an important experiment in high-rise residential design, and was one of Arup's most significant collaborations with Lubetkin. Arup later criticised the project as having significant flaws.[1]
Kingsgate Bridge Edit
Ove Arup personally supervised the design and construction of Durham's Kingsgate Bridge in 1963. The firm's first bridge, Arup was particularly attached to the project and had his ashes scattered from it following his death. A bust of Arup that was placed at one end of the Bridge was stolen in the summer of 2006 but has since been replaced.[2] Kingsgate Bridge was the last structure designed by Arup.[10]
Van Ginkel Footbridge Edit
The mid-century Van Ginkel Footbridge is in Bowring Park, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is a cantilever bridge, meaning it is anchored to the ground on only one end while the other side hovers. The bridge received heritage designation in 2020.[11] The architect of the bridge was Blanche Lemco van Ginkel, who received the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada's gold medal for lifetime achievement.[11]
Sydney Opera House Edit
Arup was the design engineer for the Sydney Opera House in Sydney, Australia from the project's start in 1957 to its completion in 1973.[3] An iconic building making groundbreaking use of precast concrete, structural glue and computer analysis,[12] this made Arup's reputation, and that of his firm, despite the extremely difficult working relationship with the architect, Jørn Utzon.
Honours Edit
- 1953 Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE)[13]
- 1965 Knight First Class of the Order of the Dannebrog
- 1966 Royal Gold Medal of the Royal Institute of British Architects
- 1971 Knight Bachelor (United Kingdom)[14]
- 1973 Gold Medal of the Institution of Structural Engineers
- 1975 Knight Commander First Class of the Order of the Dannebrog
- 1976 Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University[15]
- 1987 Royal Academician
Notes Edit
- ^ a b Jones, 2006.
- ^ a b "World-renowned engineer Sir Ove Arup honoured with unveiling of new bust - Durham University". Dur.ac.uk. 28 September 2011. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
- ^ a b Christina M. Zweig. . Cenews.com. Archived from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
- ^ Jones, 2006. (p. 44).
- ^ a b c d e f Jones, 2006. (p. 31).
- ^ "...the Labworth Café, the only building designed by the distinguished engineer Ove Arup." (Bettley, 2008). "...one of the only architectural designs by Ove Arup" (English heritage, 2007).
- ^ Glynn, 1998–2006.
- ^ Brawne, 1983.
- ^ Brawne, 1983. (p. 7).
- ^ Steele, Matthew (12 November 2020). "Concrete jungle: The brutalist buildings of northern England – in pictures". The Guardian.
- ^ a b "Bowring Park bridge gets heritage status, as St. John's looks for revitalization cash". CBC.ca. 14 April 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
- ^ "Ove Arup: Engineering at the heart of design". 14 June 2016.
- ^ "No. 39732". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 January 1953. p. 10.
- ^ "No. 45423". The London Gazette. 13 July 1971. p. 7501.
- ^ "Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh: Honorary Graduates". www1.hw.ac.uk. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
References Edit
- Arup, Ove Nyquist (1989). Liengaard, Anja (ed.). Doodles and doggerel. London: Ove Arup Partnership.
- Brawne, Michael. (1983). Arup Associates: The biography of an architectural practice. London: Lund Humphries. ISBN 0-85331-449-7 (casebound) ISBN 0-85331-451-9 (paperback)
- Bettley, James. (2008). Essex Explored: Essex Architecture. 24 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine Essex County Council. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
- Campbell, Peter; Allan, John; Ahrends, Peter; Zunz, Jack; Morreau, Patrick (1995). Ove Arup 1895–1988. London: Institution of Civil Engineers. ISBN 0-7277-2066-X.
- English Heritage. (2007). National Monuments Records: Images of England. Detailed Record, Details for IoE Number: 461758. Retrieved: 2008-02-18.
- Glynn, Simon. (1998–2006). Penguin Pool London Zoo by Berthold Lubetkin. Galinsky. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
- Jones, Peter (2006). Ove Arup : Masterbuilder of the Twentieth Century. New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11296-2.
- Ove Arup & Partners 1946–1986. London: Academy Editions. 1986. ISBN 0-85670-898-4.
Further reading Edit
- Churchill Archives Centre, The Papers of Sir Ove Arup, ARUP.
External links Edit
- Twentieth Century Society: article on Dudley Zoo
- Short film on the reinforced concrete buildings that Ove Arup helped design for Dudley Zoo in the 1930s on YouTube