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Centre Pompidou

May 19, 2023

"Beaubourg" redirects here. For other uses, see Beaubourg (disambiguation).

The Centre Pompidou (French pronunciation: ​[sɑ̃tʁ pɔ̃pidu]), more fully the Centre national d'art et de culture Georges-Pompidou (English: National Georges Pompidou Centre of Art and Culture), also known as the Pompidou Centre in English, is a complex building in the Beaubourg area of the 4th arrondissement of Paris, near Les Halles, rue Montorgueil, and the Marais. It was designed in the style of high-tech architecture by the architectural team of Richard Rogers, Su Rogers, Renzo Piano, along with Gianfranco Franchini.[1]

Centre Georges Pompidou
General information
TypeCultural center
Architectural stylePostmodern / high-tech
LocationParis, France
Completed1971–1977
Technical details
Structural systemSteel superstructure with reinforced concrete floors
Design and construction
Architect(s)Renzo Piano, Richard Rogers and Gianfranco Franchini
Structural engineerArup
Services engineerArup
Website
www.centrepompidou.fr/en/

It houses the Bibliothèque publique d'information (Public Information Library), a vast public library; the Musée National d'Art Moderne, which is the largest museum for modern art in Europe; and IRCAM, a centre for music and acoustic research. Because of its location, the centre is known locally as Beaubourg (IPA: [bobuʁ]).[2][3][4] It is named after Georges Pompidou, the President of France from 1969 to 1974 who commissioned the building, and was officially opened on 31 January 1977 by President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing.

The centre had 3.1 million visitors in 2022, a large increase from 2021 but still below 2019 levels, due to closings caused by the COVID pandemic.[5] It has had over 180 million visitors since 1977[6] and more than 5,209,678 visitors in 2013,[7] including 3,746,899 for the museum.[8]

The sculpture Horizontal by Alexander Calder, a free-standing mobile that is 7.6 m (25 ft) tall, was placed in front of the Centre Pompidou in 2012.

History

The idea for a multicultural complex, bringing together in one place different forms of art and literature, developed, in part, from the ideas of France's first Minister of Cultural Affairs, André Malraux, a proponent of the decentralisation of art and culture by impulse of the political power.[citation needed] In the 1960s, city planners decided to move the foodmarkets of Les Halles, historically significant structures long prized by Parisians, with the idea that some of the cultural institutes be built in the former market area. Hoping to renew the idea of Paris as a leading city of culture and art, it was proposed to move the Musée d'Art Moderne to this new location. Paris also needed a large, free public library, as one did not exist at this time. At first the debate concerned Les Halles, but as the controversy settled, in 1968, President Charles de Gaulle announced the Plateau Beaubourg as the new site for the library. A year later in 1969, Georges Pompidou, the new president, adopted the Beaubourg project and decided it to be the location of both the new library and a centre for the contemporary arts. In the process of developing the project, the IRCAM (Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique) was also housed in the complex.

The Rogers and Piano design was chosen among 681 competition entries. World-renowned architects Oscar Niemeyer, Jean Prouvé and Philip Johnson made up the jury.[9] It was the first time in France that international architects were allowed to participate. The selection was announced in 1971 at a "memorable press conference" where the contrast between the sharply-dressed Pompidou and "hairy young crew" of architects represented a "grand bargain between radical architecture and establishment politics."[10]

Architecture

Design

 
Building technology

It was the first major example of an 'inside-out' building with its structural system, mechanical systems, and circulation exposed on the exterior of the building. Initially, all of the functional structural elements of the building were colour-coded: green pipes are plumbing, blue ducts are for climate control, electrical wires are encased in yellow, and circulation elements and devices for safety (e.g., fire extinguishers) are red.[11] According to Piano, the design was meant to be “not a building but a town where you find everything – lunch, great art, a library, great music”.[10]

National Geographic described the reaction to the design as "love at second sight."[12] An article in Le Figaro declared: "Paris has its own monster, just like the one in Loch Ness." But two decades later, while reporting on Rogers' winning the Pritzker Prize in 2007, The New York Times noted that the design of the Centre "turned the architecture world upside down" and that "Mr. Rogers earned a reputation as a high-tech iconoclast with the completion of the 1977 Pompidou Centre, with its exposed skeleton of brightly coloured tubes for mechanical systems". The Pritzker jury said the Pompidou "revolutionised museums, transforming what had once been elite monuments into popular places of social and cultural exchange, woven into the heart of the city."[13]

Construction

The centre was built by GTM and completed in 1977.[14] The building cost 993 million French francs. Renovation work conducted from October 1996 to January 2000 was completed on a budget of 576 million francs.[15] The principal engineer was the renowned Peter Rice, responsible for amongst other things the Gerberette. During the renovation, the centre was closed to the public for 27 months, re-opening on 1 January 2000.[16]

In September 2020, it was announced that the Centre Pompidou would begin renovations in 2023 which will require either a partial closure for seven years, or a full closure for three years. The projected cost for the upcoming renovations is $235 million.[17] In January 2021 Roselyne Bachelot, France's culture minister, announced that the centre would close completely in 2023 for four years.[18]

Building specifications[15]
Land area 2 hectares (5 acres)
Floor area 103,305 m2
Superstructure 7 levels
Height 42 m (Rue Beaubourg side), 45.5 m (Piazza side)
Length 166 m
Width 60 m
Infrastructure 3 levels
Dimensions Depth: 18 m; Length: 180 m; Width: 110 m
Materials used[15]
Earthworks 300,000 m3
Reinforced concrete 50,000 m3
Metal framework 15,000 tonnes of steel
Façades, glass surfaces 11,000 m2
Opaque surfaces 7,000 m2

Stravinsky Fountain

Main article: Stravinsky Fountain
 
The Stravinsky Fountain located outside the Centre Pompidou

The nearby Stravinsky Fountain (also called the Fontaine des automates), on Place Stravinsky, features 16 whimsical moving and water-spraying sculptures by Jean Tinguely and Niki de Saint-Phalle, which represent themes and works by composer Igor Stravinsky. The black-painted mechanical sculptures are by Tinguely, the coloured works by de Saint-Phalle. The fountain opened in 1983.[19]

Video footage of the fountain appeared frequently throughout the French language telecourse, French in Action.

Place Georges Pompidou

The Place Georges Pompidou in front of the museum is noted for the presence of street performers, such as mimes and jugglers. In the spring, miniature carnivals are installed temporarily into the place in front with a wide variety of attractions: bands, caricature and sketch artists, tables set up for evening dining, and even skateboarding competitions.

In 2021 artists duo Arotin And Serghei realized for the re-inaugaration of the Place Georges Pompidou after years of works, and in the context of IRCAM's festival Manifeste the intermedial large-scale installation Infinite Light Columns / Constellations of The Future 1-4, Tribute to Constantin Brancusi, installed along Renzo Piano's IRCAM Tower, on the opposite site of Brancusi's studio, visible from both, the Place Igor Stravinsky and Place Georges Pompidou. The president of the Centre Pompidou, Serge Lasvignes, highlighted in his inauguration speech: "The installation symbolizes what the Centre Pompidou wants to be, ... a multidisciplinary ensemble, ... it is the resurrection of the initial spirit of the Centre Pompidou with the Piazza, the living heart of creation".[20]

Attendance

By the mid-1980s, the Centre Pompidou was becoming the victim of its huge and unexpected popularity, its many activities, and a complex administrative structure. When Dominique Bozo returned to the Centre in 1981 as Director of the Musée National d'Art Moderne, he re-installed the museum, bringing out the full range of its collections and displayed the many major acquisitions that had been made.[21] By 1992, the Centre de Création Industrielle was incorporated into the Musée National d'Art Moderne, henceforth called "MNAM/CCI". The CCI as an organisation with its own, design-oriented programme ceased to exist, while the MNAM started to develop a design and architecture collection, in addition to its modern and contemporary art collection.

 
Pablo Picasso's works in the Centre

The Centre Pompidou was intended to handle 8,000 visitors a day.[22] In its first two decades it attracted more than 145 million visitors, more than five times the number first predicted.[23] As of 2006, more than 180 million people have visited the centre since its opening in 1977.[6] However, until the 1997–2000 renovation, 20 percent of the centre's eight million annual visitors—predominantly foreign tourists—rode the escalators up the outside of the building to the platform for the sights.[24]

Since re-opening in 2000 after a three-year renovation, the Centre Pompidou has improved accessibility for visitors. Now they can only access the escalators if they enter, though entrance to the building is free.[25]

Since 2006, the global attendance of the centre is no longer calculated at the main entrance, but only the one of the Musée National d'Art Moderne and of the public library (5,209,678 visitors for both in 2013),[8] but without the other visitors of the building (929,431 in 2004 or 928,380 in 2006, for only the panorama tickets or cinemas, festivals, lectures, bookshops, workshops, restaurants, etc.).[6] In 2017, the museum had 3.37 million visitors. The public library had 1.37 million.[26]

The Musée National d'Art Moderne itself saw an increase in attendance from 3.1 million (2010) to 3.6 million visitors in 2011[27] and 3.75 million in 2013.[8]

The 2013 retrospective "Dalí" broke the museum's daily attendance record: 7,364 people a day went to see the artist's work (790,000 in total).[28]

Exhibitions

Several major exhibitions are organised each year on either the first or sixth floors. Among them, many monographs:[29]

Group exhibitions
  • Photography as a weapon of class (2018 Group Exhibition)[30]
  • Coder le monde (2018 Group Exhibition)[30]
  • La Fabrique Du Vivant (2019 Group Exhibition)[31][32]
  • Jo-Ey Tang & Thomas Fougeirol – Dust. The Plates Of The Present (2020 Group Exhibition)[30]
  • Les Moyens Du Bord (2020 Group Exhibition)[30]
  • Global(e) Resistance – Pour une histoire engagée de la collection contemporaine de Jonathas de Andrade à Billie Zangewa (2020 Group Exhibition)[30]
  • NEURONS Simulated intelligence (2020 Group Exhibition)[30]
  • L'écologie des images (2021 Group Exhibition)[30]

Expansion

Regional branches

Main article: Centre Pompidou-Metz

In 2010, the Centre Georges Pompidou opened a regional branch, the Centre Pompidou-Metz, in Metz a city 250 kilometres east of Paris. The new museum is part of an effort to expand the display of contemporary arts beyond Paris's large museums. The new museum's building was designed by the architect Shigeru Ban with a curving and asymmetrical pagoda-like roof topped by a spire and punctured by upper galleries. The 77-metre central spire is a nod to the year the Centre Georges Pompidou of Paris was built – 1977. The Centre Pompidou-Metz displays unique, temporary exhibitions from the collection of the Musée National d'Art Moderne, which is not on display at the main Parisian museum. Since its inauguration, the institution has become the most visited cultural venue in France outside Paris, accommodating 550,000 visitors/year.[33][34]

Launched in 2011 in Chaumont, the museum for the first time went on the road to the French regions with a selection of works from the permanent collection. To do this, it designed and constructed a mobile gallery, which, in the spirit of a circus, will make camp for a few months at a time in towns throughout the country.[35] However, in 2013, the Centre Pompidou halted its mobile-museum project because of the cost.[36]

In 2014, plans were released for a temporary satellite of the Centre Pompidou in the northern French town of Maubeuge close to the Belgian border. The 3,000-square-metre outpost, to be designed by the architects Pierre Hebbelinck and Pierre de Wit, is said to be located at the 17th-century Maubeuge Arsenal for four years. The cost of the project is €5.8 million.[37]

In 2015, the city authorities in Libourne, a town in south-western France, proposed a Pompidou branch housed in a former military base called Esog.[38]

In 2019, the Centre Pompidou announced plans to open a 22,000 m2 (240,000 sq ft) conservation, exhibition and storage space in Massy (Essonne) by 2025. Project backers include the Région Ile-de-France and the French state.[39]

International expansion

Europe

 
Branch in Málaga (Spain)

Málaga

In 2015, approximately 70 works from the Centre Pompidou's collection went on show in a temporary glass-and-steel structure called The Cube (El Cubo) in Málaga. According to the Spanish newspaper El País, the annual €1 million cost of the five-year project will be funded by the city council.[40] The partnership with Málaga was announced by the city's mayor but was not confirmed by Pompidou Centre president Alain Seban until 24 April 2014.[41] Approximately 100 works from the Pompidou's 20th and 21st century collection will be installed in the 2,000 square metres (22,000 square feet) space for two years, while a smaller area will be used for temporary exhibitions. Portraiture and the influence of Picasso will be among the subjects explored in the permanent display, organised by the Pompidou's deputy director Brigitte Leal. Highlights will include works by Alberto Giacometti, René Magritte, Alexander Calder and Constantin Brâncuși, and contemporary works by Sophie Calle, Bruce Nauman and Orlan. The city of Málaga also commissioned Daniel Buren to create a large-scale installation within El Cubo.[42]

The city of Málaga will pay the Centre Pompidou €1 million a year for the brand and the use of the collection.[42]

Brussels

In March 2018, the Centre Pompidou announced plans to open an offshoot branch in Brussels, under the name Kanal-Centre Pompidou. Housed in a former Citroën garage which was transformed by a team comprising ces noAarchitecten (Brussels), EM2N (Zurich) and Sergison Bates architects (London), the new centre brings together the 12,200 sq ft (1,130 m2) Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, an architecture centre (CIVA Foundation) and public spaces devoted to culture, education and leisure.[43] The Brussels-Capital region — which acquired the 16,000 sq ft (1,500 m2) Art Deco-style building in October 2015 — is the main funder project, with the conversion costing €122 million.

Asia

In a joint proposal with the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum presented in 2005, the Centre Pompidou planned to build a museum of modern and contemporary art, design and the media arts in Hong Kong's West Kowloon Cultural District.[44]

In 2007, the then president Bruno Racine announced plans to open a museum carrying the Pompidou's name in Shanghai, with its programming to be determined by the Pompidou. The location chosen for the new museum was a former fire station in the Luwan district's Huaihai Park. However, the scheme did not materialize for several years, reportedly due to the lack of a legal framework for a non-profit foreign institution to operate in China.[45] In 2019, the Centre Pompidou x West Bund Museum opened to the public, based in a wing of the 25,000 sq ft (2,300 m2) West Bund Art Museum designed by David Chipperfield.[46] The inaugural exhibitions The Shape of Time, Highlights of the Centre Pompidou Collection and Observations, Highlights of the New Media Collection were curated by Marcella Lista.[47][48]

Other projects include the Pompidou's joint venture with the King Abdulaziz Centre for World Culture, an arts complex incorporating a museum in Dhahran, the building of which has stalled.[36]

North America

In April 2014, Pompidou president Alain Seban confirmed that after Malaga (Spain), Mexico will be the next site for a pop-up Pompidou Centre.[41] A satellite museum Centre Pompidou x Jersey City in Jersey City, New Jersey, will open in 2024, being the Pompidou's first satellite museum in North America.[49]

South America

There have been rumours of a pop-up Pompidou satellite museum in Brazil since Alain Seban announced the plan for these temporary locations back in 2012.[45] At a talk on satellite museums at the Guggenheim on 24 April 2014, Alain Seban suggested that Brazil may be the third country to host a temporary satellite museum, after Spain and Mexico.[41]

Management

Presidents

  • since 2021 : Laurent Le Bon
  • 2015 – 2021 : Serge Lasvignes
  • 2007 – 2015: Alain Seban
  • 2002 – 2007: Bruno Racine
  • 1996 – 2002: Jean-Jacques Aillagon
  • 1993 – 1996: François Barré
  • 1991 – 1993: Dominique Bozo
  • 1989 – 1991: Hélène Ahrweiler
  • 1983 – 1989: Jean Maheu
  • 1980 – 1983: Jean-Claude Groshens
  • 1977 – 1980: Jean Millier
  • 1976 – 1977: Robert Bordaz
  • 1969 – 1977: Georges Pompidou

Funding

 
Part of the expositions in the Centre

As a national museum, the Centre Pompidou is government-owned and subsidised by the Ministry of Culture (64.2% of its budget in 2012 : 82.8 on 129 million €), essentially for its staff. The Culture Ministry appoints its directors and controls its gestion, which is nevertheless independent, as Etablissement public à caractère administratif since its creation. In 2011, the museum earned $1.9 million from travelling exhibitions.[50]

Established in 1977 as the institution's US philanthropic arm, the Georges Pompidou Art and Culture Foundation acquires and encourages major gifts of art and design for exhibition at the museum.[51][52] Since 2006, the non-profit support group has brought in donations of 28 works, collectively valued at more than $14 million, and purchased many others.[53] In 2013, New York-based art collectors Thea Westreich Wagner and Ethan Wagner announced their intention to donate about 300 works by 27 European and international artists to the Centre Pompidou, thereby making one of the largest gifts in the institution's history.[54]

Use in film and television

Touche pas à la Femme Blanche Catherine Deneuve (Actor), Marcello Mastroianni (Actor), Marco Ferreri (Director)

Public transport

See also

References

  1. ^ Hall, Jane (Writer on architecture) (16 October 2019). Breaking ground : architecture by women. London. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-7148-7927-7. OCLC 1099690151.
  2. ^ Gignoux, Sabine (4 March 2015). "Serge Lasvignes, un nouvel énarque à la tête de Beaubourg", La Croix. 23 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
  3. ^ Bommealer, Claire (5 March 2015). "Pompidou: Serge Lasvignes s'explique, Fleur Pellerin assume", Le Figaro. 23 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
  4. ^ Rossellini, Roberto. Beaubourg, centre d'art et de culture, 1977 au cinéma
  5. ^ {{Cite web |date=2023-01-05 |title=La fréquentation des musées parisiens en nette hausse en 2022, un retour à la normale d'avant pandémie se profile |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/arts-expos/la-frequentation-des-musees-parisiens-en-nette-hausse-en-2022-un-retour-a-la-normale-d-avant-pandemie-se-profile_5582568.html |access-date=2023-01-07
  6. ^ a b c "La fréquentation du Centre Pompidou (Global attendance of Pompidou Centre), 2006". Mediation. Centre Pompidou. from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
  7. ^ Since 2006, the calculated attendance of the centre includes only those of the Musée National d'Art Moderne and of the public library but no more those of the panorama tickets or cinemas, festivals, lectures, bookshops, workshops, restaurants, etc: 929,431 visitors in 2004 or 928,380 in 2006, which should bring the actual total attendance of the centre to more than 6 million
  8. ^ a b c "Annual report 2013". Annexes. Centre Pompidou. p. 205. from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
  9. ^ Richard Copans, Director (2007). Le Centres Georges Pompidou (Film). France. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  10. ^ a b Moore, Rowan (8 January 2017). "Pompidou Centre: a 70s French radical that's never gone out of fashion". The Guardian. London. from the original on 29 July 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  11. ^ Sisson, Patrick (23 January 2017). "Centre Pompidou, a monument to modernity: 8 things you didn't know". Curbed. from the original on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  12. ^ Newman, Cathy (October 1980). "The Pompidou Center Captivates Paris". National Geographic. p. 469.
  13. ^ Pogrebin, Robin (28 March 2007). "British Architect Wins 2007 Pritzker Prize". The New York Times. from the original on 17 April 2009. Retrieved 3 May 2011.
  14. ^ . Vinci. Archived from the original on 7 February 2012. Retrieved 3 May 2011.
  15. ^ a b c . Practical Information. Centre Pompidou. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008. Retrieved 10 July 2009.
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  18. ^ Bommelaer, Claire (25 January 2021). "Trois ans de fermeture pour le Centre Pompidou". LEFIGARO (in French). from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  19. ^ Hortense Lyon, La Fontaine Stravinsky, Collection Baccalaureat arts plastiques 2004, Centre national de documentation pedagogique
  20. ^ Stocker, Gerfried (2023). AROTIN & SERGHEI Infinite Screen – From Light Cells to Monumental Installations at Centre Pompidou. Berlin: Hatje Cantz. p. 11. ISBN 978-3-7757-4545-1.
  21. ^ Russell, John (29 April 1993), "Dominique Bozo, 58, Expert on Picasso, Is Dead" 1 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times
  22. ^ Rockwell, John (9 March 1994), "Success Takes Toll on the Pompidou Center" 1 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times
  23. ^ "Pompidou Centre reopens for 2000" 2 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine BBC News, 1 January 2000
  24. ^ Riding, Alan (22 December 1999), "Pompidou Unearths the Museum Within" 1 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times
  25. ^ Nayeri, Farah (2 November 2006), "Paris's Pompidou, 30 Next Year, Courts the Young, Branches Out" 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine Bloomberg
  26. ^ "Paris facts". Paris Digest. 2018. from the original on 8 September 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
  27. ^ Pes, Javier, and Emily Sharpe (23 March 2012), "Attendance survey 2011: Brazil's exhibition boom puts Rio on top", The Art Newspaper. 7 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
  28. ^ Pes, Javier, and Emily Sharpe (24 March 2014), Visitor figures 2013: "Taipei takes top spot with loans from China" 24 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  29. ^ . Centre Pompidou. 2011. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 3 May 2011.
  30. ^ a b c d e f g "Centre Pompidou | Institution". artfacts.net. from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  31. ^ "image] La Fabrique Du Vivant". Centre Pompidou. from the original on 18 September 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  32. ^ "Exhibition Insight: 'La fabrique du Vivant', Centre Pompidou Paris | CLOT Magazine". Clotmag.com. from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  33. ^ (in French). Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
  34. ^ "Official website of Moselle tourism office, 2011 key numbers" (PDF) (in French). p. 12. (PDF) from the original on 29 July 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  35. ^ Morrison, Lennox.(14 October 2011), Ladies and Gentlemen... Cirque Pompidou 12 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine The Wall Street Journal
  36. ^ a b Harris, Gareth (9 July 2013), Pompidou camps out in Dhahran 13 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  37. ^ Harris, Gareth (6 August 2014), Will Pompidou extend its northern expansion? 10 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  38. ^ Harris, Gareth (12 February 2015), Pompidou to pop up all over France 12 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  39. ^ Gareth Harris (17 October 2018), Centre Pompidou to expand and move collections to new satellite venue in southern Paris 17 October 2019 at the Wayback Machine The Art Newspaper.
  40. ^ Harris, Gareth (31 December 2013), Málaga’s mayor says the Pompidou is coming 1 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  41. ^ a b c Deimling, Kate, "Pompidou Centre Will Launch Short-Term Satellites in Spain, Mexico, and Possibly Brazil, 2014" 14 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  42. ^ a b Rojas, Laurie (26 March 2015), "Málaga’s mayor wins race to open Russian museum and pop-up Pompidou" 30 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  43. ^ Harris, Gareth (26 March 2018), Centre Pompidou's Brussels satellite takes shape with announcement of winning architects 26 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine The Art Newspaper.
  44. ^ Vogel, Carol (28 October 2005), From 'Not Interested' to a Collaboration 11 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times
  45. ^ a b Harris, Gareth (30 April 2012), Pompidou plans to go global: focus is Brazil, India, China 13 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine The Art Newspaper
  46. ^ Gareth Harris (30 September 2019), Centre Pompidou’s satellite space in Shanghai to open early November 27 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine
  47. ^ Moss, Alison. "The Centre Pompidou Takes Shanghai". Le Quotidien de l'Art. from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  48. ^ Harris, Gareth (8 November 2019). "Our picks from the opening show at Centre Pompidou's new Shanghai satellite". www.theartnewspaper.com. from the original on 11 August 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  49. ^ Marsg, Shawn. "Paris' Centre Pompidou may open its first North American museum in Jersey City". North Jersey Media Group. from the original on 19 December 2021. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
  50. ^ Carvaja, Doreen (23 January 2011), "'This Space for Rent': In Europe, Arts Now Must Woo Commerce", The New York Times. 11 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
  51. ^ Centre Pompidou 22 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  52. ^ Harris, Gareth (3 May 2012), Pompidou at war with its US friends 11 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine The Art Newspaper
  53. ^ Muchnic, Suzanne (3 May 2009), Centre Pompidou Foundation: L.A.'s French connection 15 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine Los Angeles Times
  54. ^ Vogel, Carol (15 March 2012), New York Couple’s Gift to Enrich Two Museums 5 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times
  55. ^ Gordon Matta-Clark, Conical Intersect 12 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine The Guggenheim Collection
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External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Centre Georges-Pompidou.
  • Official website
  • Bibliothèque publique d'information website
  • Encyclopædia Britannica, Pompidou Centre
  • – Le Centre Pompidou et son rayonnement

Coordinates: 48°51′38.311″N 2°21′8.082″E / 48.86064194°N 2.35224500°E / 48.86064194; 2.35224500

May 19, 2023
centre, pompidou, beaubourg, redirects, here, other, uses, beaubourg, disambiguation, french, pronunciation, pidu, more, fully, centre, national, culture, georges, pompidou, english, national, georges, pompidou, centre, culture, also, known, pompidou, centre, . Beaubourg redirects here For other uses see Beaubourg disambiguation The Centre Pompidou French pronunciation sɑ tʁ pɔ pidu more fully the Centre national d art et de culture Georges Pompidou English National Georges Pompidou Centre of Art and Culture also known as the Pompidou Centre in English is a complex building in the Beaubourg area of the 4th arrondissement of Paris near Les Halles rue Montorgueil and the Marais It was designed in the style of high tech architecture by the architectural team of Richard Rogers Su Rogers Renzo Piano along with Gianfranco Franchini 1 Centre Georges PompidouGeneral informationTypeCultural centerArchitectural stylePostmodern high techLocationParis FranceCompleted1971 1977Technical detailsStructural systemSteel superstructure with reinforced concrete floorsDesign and constructionArchitect s Renzo Piano Richard Rogers and Gianfranco FranchiniStructural engineerArupServices engineerArupWebsitewww wbr centrepompidou wbr fr wbr en wbr It houses the Bibliotheque publique d information Public Information Library a vast public library the Musee National d Art Moderne which is the largest museum for modern art in Europe and IRCAM a centre for music and acoustic research Because of its location the centre is known locally as Beaubourg IPA bobuʁ 2 3 4 It is named after Georges Pompidou the President of France from 1969 to 1974 who commissioned the building and was officially opened on 31 January 1977 by President Valery Giscard d Estaing The centre had 3 1 million visitors in 2022 a large increase from 2021 but still below 2019 levels due to closings caused by the COVID pandemic 5 It has had over 180 million visitors since 1977 6 and more than 5 209 678 visitors in 2013 7 including 3 746 899 for the museum 8 The sculpture Horizontal by Alexander Calder a free standing mobile that is 7 6 m 25 ft tall was placed in front of the Centre Pompidou in 2012 Contents 1 History 2 Architecture 2 1 Design 2 2 Construction 2 3 Stravinsky Fountain 2 4 Place Georges Pompidou 3 Attendance 3 1 Exhibitions 4 Expansion 4 1 Regional branches 4 2 International expansion 4 2 1 Europe 4 2 2 Asia 4 2 3 North America 4 2 4 South America 5 Management 5 1 Presidents 5 2 Funding 6 Use in film and television 7 Public transport 8 See also 9 References 10 External linksHistory EditThe idea for a multicultural complex bringing together in one place different forms of art and literature developed in part from the ideas of France s first Minister of Cultural Affairs Andre Malraux a proponent of the decentralisation of art and culture by impulse of the political power citation needed In the 1960s city planners decided to move the foodmarkets of Les Halles historically significant structures long prized by Parisians with the idea that some of the cultural institutes be built in the former market area Hoping to renew the idea of Paris as a leading city of culture and art it was proposed to move the Musee d Art Moderne to this new location Paris also needed a large free public library as one did not exist at this time At first the debate concerned Les Halles but as the controversy settled in 1968 President Charles de Gaulle announced the Plateau Beaubourg as the new site for the library A year later in 1969 Georges Pompidou the new president adopted the Beaubourg project and decided it to be the location of both the new library and a centre for the contemporary arts In the process of developing the project the IRCAM Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique Musique was also housed in the complex The Rogers and Piano design was chosen among 681 competition entries World renowned architects Oscar Niemeyer Jean Prouve and Philip Johnson made up the jury 9 It was the first time in France that international architects were allowed to participate The selection was announced in 1971 at a memorable press conference where the contrast between the sharply dressed Pompidou and hairy young crew of architects represented a grand bargain between radical architecture and establishment politics 10 Architecture EditDesign Edit Building technology It was the first major example of an inside out building with its structural system mechanical systems and circulation exposed on the exterior of the building Initially all of the functional structural elements of the building were colour coded green pipes are plumbing blue ducts are for climate control electrical wires are encased in yellow and circulation elements and devices for safety e g fire extinguishers are red 11 According to Piano the design was meant to be not a building but a town where you find everything lunch great art a library great music 10 National Geographic described the reaction to the design as love at second sight 12 An article in Le Figaro declared Paris has its own monster just like the one in Loch Ness But two decades later while reporting on Rogers winning the Pritzker Prize in 2007 The New York Times noted that the design of the Centre turned the architecture world upside down and that Mr Rogers earned a reputation as a high tech iconoclast with the completion of the 1977 Pompidou Centre with its exposed skeleton of brightly coloured tubes for mechanical systems The Pritzker jury said the Pompidou revolutionised museums transforming what had once been elite monuments into popular places of social and cultural exchange woven into the heart of the city 13 Construction Edit The centre was built by GTM and completed in 1977 14 The building cost 993 million French francs Renovation work conducted from October 1996 to January 2000 was completed on a budget of 576 million francs 15 The principal engineer was the renowned Peter Rice responsible for amongst other things the Gerberette During the renovation the centre was closed to the public for 27 months re opening on 1 January 2000 16 In September 2020 it was announced that the Centre Pompidou would begin renovations in 2023 which will require either a partial closure for seven years or a full closure for three years The projected cost for the upcoming renovations is 235 million 17 In January 2021 Roselyne Bachelot France s culture minister announced that the centre would close completely in 2023 for four years 18 Building specifications 15 Land area 2 hectares 5 acres Floor area 103 305 m2Superstructure 7 levelsHeight 42 m Rue Beaubourg side 45 5 m Piazza side Length 166 mWidth 60 mInfrastructure 3 levelsDimensions Depth 18 m Length 180 m Width 110 mMaterials used 15 Earthworks 300 000 m3Reinforced concrete 50 000 m3Metal framework 15 000 tonnes of steelFacades glass surfaces 11 000 m2Opaque surfaces 7 000 m2Stravinsky Fountain Edit Main article Stravinsky Fountain The Stravinsky Fountain located outside the Centre Pompidou The nearby Stravinsky Fountain also called the Fontaine des automates on Place Stravinsky features 16 whimsical moving and water spraying sculptures by Jean Tinguely and Niki de Saint Phalle which represent themes and works by composer Igor Stravinsky The black painted mechanical sculptures are by Tinguely the coloured works by de Saint Phalle The fountain opened in 1983 19 Video footage of the fountain appeared frequently throughout the French language telecourse French in Action Place Georges Pompidou Edit The Place Georges Pompidou in front of the museum is noted for the presence of street performers such as mimes and jugglers In the spring miniature carnivals are installed temporarily into the place in front with a wide variety of attractions bands caricature and sketch artists tables set up for evening dining and even skateboarding competitions In 2021 artists duo Arotin And Serghei realized for the re inaugaration of the Place Georges Pompidou after years of works and in the context of IRCAM s festival Manifeste the intermedial large scale installation Infinite Light Columns Constellations of The Future 1 4 Tribute to Constantin Brancusi installed along Renzo Piano s IRCAM Tower on the opposite site of Brancusi s studio visible from both the Place Igor Stravinsky and Place Georges Pompidou The president of the Centre Pompidou Serge Lasvignes highlighted in his inauguration speech The installation symbolizes what the Centre Pompidou wants to be a multidisciplinary ensemble it is the resurrection of the initial spirit of the Centre Pompidou with the Piazza the living heart of creation 20 Attendance EditBy the mid 1980s the Centre Pompidou was becoming the victim of its huge and unexpected popularity its many activities and a complex administrative structure When Dominique Bozo returned to the Centre in 1981 as Director of the Musee National d Art Moderne he re installed the museum bringing out the full range of its collections and displayed the many major acquisitions that had been made 21 By 1992 the Centre de Creation Industrielle was incorporated into the Musee National d Art Moderne henceforth called MNAM CCI The CCI as an organisation with its own design oriented programme ceased to exist while the MNAM started to develop a design and architecture collection in addition to its modern and contemporary art collection Pablo Picasso s works in the Centre The Centre Pompidou was intended to handle 8 000 visitors a day 22 In its first two decades it attracted more than 145 million visitors more than five times the number first predicted 23 As of 2006 update more than 180 million people have visited the centre since its opening in 1977 6 However until the 1997 2000 renovation 20 percent of the centre s eight million annual visitors predominantly foreign tourists rode the escalators up the outside of the building to the platform for the sights 24 Since re opening in 2000 after a three year renovation the Centre Pompidou has improved accessibility for visitors Now they can only access the escalators if they enter though entrance to the building is free 25 Since 2006 the global attendance of the centre is no longer calculated at the main entrance but only the one of the Musee National d Art Moderne and of the public library 5 209 678 visitors for both in 2013 8 but without the other visitors of the building 929 431 in 2004 or 928 380 in 2006 for only the panorama tickets or cinemas festivals lectures bookshops workshops restaurants etc 6 In 2017 the museum had 3 37 million visitors The public library had 1 37 million 26 The Musee National d Art Moderne itself saw an increase in attendance from 3 1 million 2010 to 3 6 million visitors in 2011 27 and 3 75 million in 2013 8 The 2013 retrospective Dali broke the museum s daily attendance record 7 364 people a day went to see the artist s work 790 000 in total 28 Exhibitions Edit Several major exhibitions are organised each year on either the first or sixth floors Among them many monographs 29 Marcel Duchamp 1977 Paul Davis 1977 Henri Michaux 1978 Dali 1979 Pollock 1982 Bonnard 1984 Kandinsky 1984 Etienne Martin 1984 Paul Klee 1985 Cy Twombly 1988 Frank Stella 1988 Andy Warhol 1990 Max Ernst 1991 Matisse 1993 Joseph Beuys 1994 Kurt Schwitters 1994 Gerard Gasiorowski 1995 Brancuși 1995 Sanejouand 1995 Bob Morris 1995 Francis Bacon 1996 Fernand Leger 1997 David Hockney 1998 Philip Guston 2000 Picasso 2000 Jean Dubuffet 2001 Roland Barthes 2002 Max Beckmann 2002 Nicolas de Stael 2003 Sophie Calle 2003 Cocteau 2003 Philippe Starck 2003 Miro 2004 Aurelie Nemours 2004 Charlotte Perriand 2005 Robert Rauschenberg 2006 Claude Closky 2006 Jean Luc Godard 2006 Yves Klein 2006 Herge 2006 Annette Messager 2007 Richard Rogers 2007 Samuel Beckett 2007 David Claerbout 2007 Julio Gonzalez 2007 Alberto Giacometti 2007 Louise Bourgeois 2008 Pol Abraham 2008 Tatiana Trouve 2008 Miroslav Tichy 2008 Dominique Perrault 2008 Jean Gourmelin 2008 Jacques Villegle 2008 Ron Arad 2008 Alexander Calder 2009 Philippe Parreno 2009 Kandinski 2009 Pierre Soulages 2009 Etienne Martin 2010 Lucian Freud 2010 Arman 2010 Francois Morellet 2011 Edvard Munch 2011 Gerhard Richter 2012 Salvador Dali 2013 Roy Lichtenstein 2013 Mike Kelley 2013 Pierre Huyghe 2013 Henri Cartier Bresson 2014 Simon Hantai 2014 Jeff Koons 2014 Mona Hatoum 2015 Wifredo Lam 2015 Dominique Gonzalez Foerster 2015 Andre Derain 2017 Latiff Mohidin 2018 Richard Linklater 2019 Vasarely 2019 Christo and Jeanne Claude 2020 Hito Steyerl 2020 Alice Neel 2020 Matisse 2020 Catherine Meurisse 2020 21 Group exhibitionsPhotography as a weapon of class 2018 Group Exhibition 30 Coder le monde 2018 Group Exhibition 30 La Fabrique Du Vivant 2019 Group Exhibition 31 32 Jo Ey Tang amp Thomas Fougeirol Dust The Plates Of The Present 2020 Group Exhibition 30 Les Moyens Du Bord 2020 Group Exhibition 30 Global e Resistance Pour une histoire engagee de la collection contemporaine de Jonathas de Andrade a Billie Zangewa 2020 Group Exhibition 30 NEURONS Simulated intelligence 2020 Group Exhibition 30 L ecologie des images 2021 Group Exhibition 30 Expansion EditRegional branches Edit Main article Centre Pompidou Metz The Centre Pompidou Metz In 2010 the Centre Georges Pompidou opened a regional branch the Centre Pompidou Metz in Metz a city 250 kilometres east of Paris The new museum is part of an effort to expand the display of contemporary arts beyond Paris s large museums The new museum s building was designed by the architect Shigeru Ban with a curving and asymmetrical pagoda like roof topped by a spire and punctured by upper galleries The 77 metre central spire is a nod to the year the Centre Georges Pompidou of Paris was built 1977 The Centre Pompidou Metz displays unique temporary exhibitions from the collection of the Musee National d Art Moderne which is not on display at the main Parisian museum Since its inauguration the institution has become the most visited cultural venue in France outside Paris accommodating 550 000 visitors year 33 34 Launched in 2011 in Chaumont the museum for the first time went on the road to the French regions with a selection of works from the permanent collection To do this it designed and constructed a mobile gallery which in the spirit of a circus will make camp for a few months at a time in towns throughout the country 35 However in 2013 the Centre Pompidou halted its mobile museum project because of the cost 36 In 2014 plans were released for a temporary satellite of the Centre Pompidou in the northern French town of Maubeuge close to the Belgian border The 3 000 square metre outpost to be designed by the architects Pierre Hebbelinck and Pierre de Wit is said to be located at the 17th century Maubeuge Arsenal for four years The cost of the project is 5 8 million 37 In 2015 the city authorities in Libourne a town in south western France proposed a Pompidou branch housed in a former military base called Esog 38 In 2019 the Centre Pompidou announced plans to open a 22 000 m2 240 000 sq ft conservation exhibition and storage space in Massy Essonne by 2025 Project backers include the Region Ile de France and the French state 39 International expansion Edit Europe Edit Branch in Malaga Spain MalagaIn 2015 approximately 70 works from the Centre Pompidou s collection went on show in a temporary glass and steel structure called The Cube El Cubo in Malaga According to the Spanish newspaper El Pais the annual 1 million cost of the five year project will be funded by the city council 40 The partnership with Malaga was announced by the city s mayor but was not confirmed by Pompidou Centre president Alain Seban until 24 April 2014 41 Approximately 100 works from the Pompidou s 20th and 21st century collection will be installed in the 2 000 square metres 22 000 square feet space for two years while a smaller area will be used for temporary exhibitions Portraiture and the influence of Picasso will be among the subjects explored in the permanent display organised by the Pompidou s deputy director Brigitte Leal Highlights will include works by Alberto Giacometti Rene Magritte Alexander Calder and Constantin Brancuși and contemporary works by Sophie Calle Bruce Nauman and Orlan The city of Malaga also commissioned Daniel Buren to create a large scale installation within El Cubo 42 The city of Malaga will pay the Centre Pompidou 1 million a year for the brand and the use of the collection 42 Kanal Centre Pompidou BrusselsIn March 2018 the Centre Pompidou announced plans to open an offshoot branch in Brussels under the name Kanal Centre Pompidou Housed in a former Citroen garage which was transformed by a team comprising ces noAarchitecten Brussels EM2N Zurich and Sergison Bates architects London the new centre brings together the 12 200 sq ft 1 130 m2 Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art an architecture centre CIVA Foundation and public spaces devoted to culture education and leisure 43 The Brussels Capital region which acquired the 16 000 sq ft 1 500 m2 Art Deco style building in October 2015 is the main funder project with the conversion costing 122 million Asia Edit In a joint proposal with the Solomon R Guggenheim Museum presented in 2005 the Centre Pompidou planned to build a museum of modern and contemporary art design and the media arts in Hong Kong s West Kowloon Cultural District 44 In 2007 the then president Bruno Racine announced plans to open a museum carrying the Pompidou s name in Shanghai with its programming to be determined by the Pompidou The location chosen for the new museum was a former fire station in the Luwan district s Huaihai Park However the scheme did not materialize for several years reportedly due to the lack of a legal framework for a non profit foreign institution to operate in China 45 In 2019 the Centre Pompidou x West Bund Museum opened to the public based in a wing of the 25 000 sq ft 2 300 m2 West Bund Art Museum designed by David Chipperfield 46 The inaugural exhibitions The Shape of Time Highlights of the Centre Pompidou Collection and Observations Highlights of the New Media Collection were curated by Marcella Lista 47 48 Other projects include the Pompidou s joint venture with the King Abdulaziz Centre for World Culture an arts complex incorporating a museum in Dhahran the building of which has stalled 36 North America Edit In April 2014 Pompidou president Alain Seban confirmed that after Malaga Spain Mexico will be the next site for a pop up Pompidou Centre 41 A satellite museum Centre Pompidou x Jersey City in Jersey City New Jersey will open in 2024 being the Pompidou s first satellite museum in North America 49 South America Edit There have been rumours of a pop up Pompidou satellite museum in Brazil since Alain Seban announced the plan for these temporary locations back in 2012 45 At a talk on satellite museums at the Guggenheim on 24 April 2014 Alain Seban suggested that Brazil may be the third country to host a temporary satellite museum after Spain and Mexico 41 Management EditPresidents Edit since 2021 Laurent Le Bon 2015 2021 Serge Lasvignes 2007 2015 Alain Seban 2002 2007 Bruno Racine 1996 2002 Jean Jacques Aillagon 1993 1996 Francois Barre 1991 1993 Dominique Bozo 1989 1991 Helene Ahrweiler 1983 1989 Jean Maheu 1980 1983 Jean Claude Groshens 1977 1980 Jean Millier 1976 1977 Robert Bordaz 1969 1977 Georges PompidouFunding Edit Part of the expositions in the Centre As a national museum the Centre Pompidou is government owned and subsidised by the Ministry of Culture 64 2 of its budget in 2012 82 8 on 129 million essentially for its staff The Culture Ministry appoints its directors and controls its gestion which is nevertheless independent as Etablissement public a caractere administratif since its creation In 2011 the museum earned 1 9 million from travelling exhibitions 50 Established in 1977 as the institution s US philanthropic arm the Georges Pompidou Art and Culture Foundation acquires and encourages major gifts of art and design for exhibition at the museum 51 52 Since 2006 the non profit support group has brought in donations of 28 works collectively valued at more than 14 million and purchased many others 53 In 2013 New York based art collectors Thea Westreich Wagner and Ethan Wagner announced their intention to donate about 300 works by 27 European and international artists to the Centre Pompidou thereby making one of the largest gifts in the institution s history 54 Use in film and television EditTouche pas a la Femme Blanche Catherine Deneuve Actor Marcello Mastroianni Actor Marco Ferreri Director Gordon Matta Clark Conical Intersect 1975 Matta Clark s contribution to the Paris Biennale 1975 55 Roberto Rossellini Beaubourg centre d art et de culture 1977 56 A documentary about the Centre which explores the building and its surroundings on its opening day It was Rossellini s final film Lewis Gilbert Moonraker 1979 A fifth floor room of the building featured as the office of Holly Goodhead played by Lois Chiles in the 1979 James Bond film Moonraker which in the film was scripted as being part of the space complex of the villainous Hugo Drax Michael Lonsdale 57 Electric Light Orchestra Calling America music video 1986 ELO is shown performing the song in front of the centre Claude Pinoteau L Etudiante 1988 Richard Berry L Art delicat de la seduction 2001 James Ivory Le Divorce 2003 Laurent Tirard Mensonges et trahisons 2004 Eric et Ramzy Seuls Two 2008 JJ Burnel Euroman Cometh 1979 The album cover shows JJ Burnel standing in front of the centre Public transport EditNearby Metro stations Rambuteau Les Halles RER Chatelet Les HallesSee also Edit France portalList of museums in ParisReferences Edit Hall Jane Writer on architecture 16 October 2019 Breaking ground architecture by women London p 161 ISBN 978 0 7148 7927 7 OCLC 1099690151 Gignoux Sabine 4 March 2015 Serge Lasvignes un nouvel enarque a la tete de Beaubourg La Croix Archived 23 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine Bommealer Claire 5 March 2015 Pompidou Serge Lasvignes s explique Fleur Pellerin assume Le Figaro Archived 23 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine Rossellini Roberto Beaubourg centre d art et de culture 1977 au cinema Cite web date 2023 01 05 title La frequentation des musees parisiens en nette hausse en 2022 un retour a la normale d avant pandemie se profile url https www francetvinfo fr culture arts expos la frequentation des musees parisiens en nette hausse en 2022 un retour a la normale d avant pandemie se profile 5582568 html access date 2023 01 07 a b c La frequentation du Centre Pompidou Global attendance of Pompidou Centre 2006 Mediation Centre Pompidou Archived from the original on 19 December 2013 Retrieved 5 December 2014 Since 2006 the calculated attendance of the centre includes only those of the Musee National d Art Moderne and of the public library but no more those of the panorama tickets or cinemas festivals lectures bookshops workshops restaurants etc 929 431 visitors in 2004 or 928 380 in 2006 which should bring the actual total attendance of the centre to more than 6 million a b c Annual report 2013 Annexes Centre Pompidou p 205 Archived from the original on 21 October 2014 Retrieved 5 December 2014 Richard Copans Director 2007 Le Centres Georges Pompidou Film France Retrieved 17 September 2019 a b Moore Rowan 8 January 2017 Pompidou Centre a 70s French radical that s never gone out of fashion The Guardian London Archived from the original on 29 July 2019 Retrieved 18 September 2019 Sisson Patrick 23 January 2017 Centre Pompidou a monument to modernity 8 things you didn t know Curbed Archived from the original on 2 May 2019 Retrieved 17 September 2019 Newman Cathy October 1980 The Pompidou Center Captivates Paris National Geographic p 469 Pogrebin Robin 28 March 2007 British Architect Wins 2007 Pritzker Prize The New York Times Archived from the original on 17 April 2009 Retrieved 3 May 2011 Centre Georges Pompidou Vinci Archived from the original on 7 February 2012 Retrieved 3 May 2011 a b c Architecture of the Building Practical Information Centre Pompidou Archived from the original on 4 December 2008 Retrieved 10 July 2009 Pompidou Centre reopens for 2000 BBC News 1 January 2000 Archived from the original on 30 July 2004 Retrieved 28 January 2021 Centre Pompidou faces three to seven year renovation closure Artforum Archived from the original on 4 October 2020 Retrieved 10 October 2020 Bommelaer Claire 25 January 2021 Trois ans de fermeture pour le Centre Pompidou LEFIGARO in French Archived from the original on 26 January 2021 Retrieved 27 January 2021 Hortense Lyon La Fontaine Stravinsky Collection Baccalaureat arts plastiques 2004 Centre national de documentation pedagogique Stocker Gerfried 2023 AROTIN amp SERGHEI Infinite Screen From Light Cells to Monumental Installations at Centre Pompidou Berlin Hatje Cantz p 11 ISBN 978 3 7757 4545 1 Russell John 29 April 1993 Dominique Bozo 58 Expert on Picasso Is Dead Archived 1 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times Rockwell John 9 March 1994 Success Takes Toll on the Pompidou Center Archived 1 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times Pompidou Centre reopens for 2000 Archived 2 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine BBC News 1 January 2000 Riding Alan 22 December 1999 Pompidou Unearths the Museum Within Archived 1 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times Nayeri Farah 2 November 2006 Paris s Pompidou 30 Next Year Courts the Young Branches Out Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine Bloomberg Paris facts Paris Digest 2018 Archived from the original on 8 September 2018 Retrieved 15 September 2018 Pes Javier and Emily Sharpe 23 March 2012 Attendance survey 2011 Brazil s exhibition boom puts Rio on top The Art Newspaper Archived 7 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine Pes Javier and Emily Sharpe 24 March 2014 Visitor figures 2013 Taipei takes top spot with loans from China Archived 24 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine Centre Pompidou Art culture musee expositions cinemas conferences debats spectacles concerts Centre Pompidou 2011 Archived from the original on 14 January 2012 Retrieved 3 May 2011 a b c d e f g Centre Pompidou Institution artfacts net Archived from the original on 20 April 2021 Retrieved 20 April 2021 image La Fabrique Du Vivant Centre Pompidou Archived from the original on 18 September 2020 Retrieved 20 April 2021 Exhibition Insight La fabrique du Vivant Centre Pompidou Paris CLOT Magazine Clotmag com Archived from the original on 23 April 2021 Retrieved 19 December 2021 Official website of France tourism survey 2011 Museum frequentation in French Archived from the original on 9 March 2013 Retrieved 30 December 2011 Official website of Moselle tourism office 2011 key numbers PDF in French p 12 Archived PDF from the original on 29 July 2013 Retrieved 17 September 2019 Morrison Lennox 14 October 2011 Ladies and Gentlemen Cirque Pompidou Archived 12 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine The Wall Street Journal a b Harris Gareth 9 July 2013 Pompidou camps out in Dhahran Archived 13 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine Harris Gareth 6 August 2014 Will Pompidou extend its northern expansion Archived 10 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine Harris Gareth 12 February 2015 Pompidou to pop up all over France Archived 12 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine Gareth Harris 17 October 2018 Centre Pompidou to expand and move collections to new satellite venue in southern Paris Archived 17 October 2019 at the Wayback Machine The Art Newspaper Harris Gareth 31 December 2013 Malaga s mayor says the Pompidou is coming Archived 1 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine a b c Deimling Kate Pompidou Centre Will Launch Short Term Satellites in Spain Mexico and Possibly Brazil 2014 Archived 14 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine a b Rojas Laurie 26 March 2015 Malaga s mayor wins race to open Russian museum and pop up Pompidou Archived 30 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine Harris Gareth 26 March 2018 Centre Pompidou s Brussels satellite takes shape with announcement of winning architects Archived 26 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine The Art Newspaper Vogel Carol 28 October 2005 From Not Interested to a Collaboration Archived 11 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times a b Harris Gareth 30 April 2012 Pompidou plans to go global focus is Brazil India China Archived 13 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine The Art Newspaper Gareth Harris 30 September 2019 Centre Pompidou s satellite space in Shanghai to open early November Archived 27 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine Moss Alison The Centre Pompidou Takes Shanghai Le Quotidien de l Art Archived from the original on 29 November 2020 Retrieved 2 November 2020 Harris Gareth 8 November 2019 Our picks from the opening show at Centre Pompidou s new Shanghai satellite www theartnewspaper com Archived from the original on 11 August 2020 Retrieved 2 November 2020 Marsg Shawn Paris Centre Pompidou may open its first North American museum in Jersey City North Jersey Media Group Archived from the original on 19 December 2021 Retrieved 5 June 2021 Carvaja Doreen 23 January 2011 This Space for Rent In Europe Arts Now Must Woo Commerce The New York Times Archived 11 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine Centre Pompidou Archived 22 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine Harris Gareth 3 May 2012 Pompidou at war with its US friends Archived 11 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine The Art Newspaper Muchnic Suzanne 3 May 2009 Centre Pompidou Foundation L A s French connection Archived 15 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine Los Angeles Times Vogel Carol 15 March 2012 New York Couple s Gift to Enrich Two Museums Archived 5 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times Gordon Matta Clark Conical Intersect Archived 12 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine The Guggenheim Collection Rosselini Robert Filming Beaubourg Museu d Art Contemporani de Barcelona Archived 9 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine accessed 18 September 2019 Moonraker 1979 The Internet Movie Database Archived from the original on 11 January 2011 Retrieved 3 May 2011 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Centre Georges Pompidou Official website Bibliotheque publique d information website Encyclopaedia Britannica Pompidou Centre Paris Pages Musee National d Art Moderne Le Centre Pompidou et son rayonnement Photographs Preview of Pompidou Metz extension at Specifier MagazineCoordinates 48 51 38 311 N 2 21 8 082 E 48 86064194 N 2 35224500 E 48 86064194 2 35224500 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Centre Pompidou amp oldid 1154249740, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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