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Araripe Basin

September 01, 2023

The Araripe Basin (Portuguese: Bacia do Araripe) is a rift basin covering about 8,000 square kilometres (3,100 sq mi),[1] in Ceará, Piauí and Pernambuco states of northeastern Brazil. It is bounded by the Patos and Pernambuco lineaments,[2] and is situated east of the Parnaíba Basin, southwest of the Rio do Peixe Basin and northwest of the Tucano and Jatobá Basins.[3]

Araripe Basin
Bacia do Araripe
Geologic map of the Araripe Basin
Outline of the Chapada do Araripe in the basin
Coordinates7°23′12″S 40°9′11″W / 7.38667°S 40.15306°W / -7.38667; -40.15306
EtymologyChapada do Araripe
LocationSouth America
RegionNortheast
Country Brazil
State(s)Ceará, Pernambuco, Piauí
CitiesCrato, Ceará
Characteristics
On/OffshoreOnshore
BoundariesPatos & Pernambuco lineaments
Part ofBrazilian onshore basins
Area~8,000 km2 (3,100 sq mi)
Geology
Basin typeRift basin
PlateSouth American
OrogenyBreak-up of Gondwana
AgeMiddle Jurassic-Albian
StratigraphyStratigraphy

The basin has provided a variety of unique fossils in the Crato and Santana Formations and includes the Araripe Geopark, a member of the UNESCO Global Geoparks since 2006.[4] The pterosaurs Araripesaurus and Araripedactylus (now considered a nomen dubium), crocodylian Araripesuchus, the turtle Araripemys, amphibian Arariphrynus, the fish Araripelepidotes and the insect Araripenymphes were named after the basin. The bituminous shales of the Ipubi Formation in the Araripe Basin have potential for shale gas development.[5]

Basin history Edit

 
Schematic development of the depositional environments of the Santana Group
 
Lake level cyclicity in the Santana Group

The tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Araripe Basin, located in the Borborema Geologic Province, encompasses four stages, with five tectonostratigraphic phases:[6]
1) Syneclise phase - Silurian to Devonian - characterized by tectonic quiescence in the Borborema Province. It is represented by the deposits of the Cariri Formation, that include medium to coarse-grained quartz sandstones, locally conglomeratic, deposited in large braided fluvial systems
2) Pre-rift phase - Tithonian - characterized by the mechanical subsidence due to lithosphere thinning that preceded the rift. It is represented by the Brejo Santo Formation, that comprises red shales and claystones, and the Missão Velha Formation, constituted by medium to coarse-grained quartz-feldspathic sandstones, locally conglomeratic, that contains entire trunks and fragments of silicified wood (Dadoxilon benderi) conifer
3) Rift phase - Berriasian to Hauterivian - characterized by increasing mechanical subsidence that created a system of grabens and half grabens. It is represented by the Abaiara Formation, that includes shales, siltstones, sandstones and conglomerates
4) Post-Rift I phase - Aptian to Albian - characterized by thermal subsidence. The lowermost unit Barbalha Formation, represents a fluviolacustrine phase and is composed of red and gray shales, siltstones and claystones.

The Santana Group was formed during this stage and comprises three stratigraphic units:

  • Crato Formation that is composed of six intervals of laminated limestones (C1 to C6), interbedded with calciferous siltstones and marls, and is very rich in fossils of vertebrate and invertebrate organisms
  • Ipubi Formation, that is mainly composed of organic-rich, black greenish bituminous shales, claystones and algal limestones that are interbedded with gypsum-anhydrite beds
  • Romualdo Formation, that represents a calciferous siliciclastic succession composed of fine to medium-grained sandstones, argillaceous siltstones, calciferous shales, and limestones, very rich in fossils. This formation recorded the marine proto-Atlantic incursion that involved the Araripe Basin, and other interior basins and created a large seaway throughout the Borborema Province during the Albian

5) Post-rift II phase - Albian to Cenomanian - characterized by a major sag phase, and is formed by two stratigraphic units:

  • Araripina Formation, that occurs in the western region of the basin and is composed by rhythmites and heterolithic layers of reddish, purplish and yellowish fine-grained sandstone and mudstone
  • Exu Formation, that comprises medium-to coarse grained sandstones, fine grained clayey sandstones and local conglomeratic beds

Stratigraphy Edit

 
Chapada do Araripe
 
Outcrop in the Araripe Basin
Age Group Formation Sequence Notes
Cenozoic alluvium
Albian Araripe Exu Post-rift [7][8]
Arajara
Araripina [9]
Albian
Aptian		 Santana Romualdo [8]
Ipubi [8][10]
Crato [7][8]
Araripe Barbalha/Rio da Batateira [7][8][9]
Early Cretaceous Vale do Carirí Abaiara Pre- and syn-rift [8][9]
Missão Velha [7][8][9]
Late Jurassic
Brejo Santo
Middle Jurassic
Early Jurassic hiatus
Triassic
Permian
Carboniferous
Devonian Paleozoic sequence Mauriti
Mucuri		 Pre-rift
Silurian
Ordovician hiatus
Cambrian
Precambrian Basement

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ Neto et al., 2013, p.1
  2. ^ Bianca Carvalho Vieira; André Salgado; Leonardo Santos (2015-03-05). Landscapes and Landforms of Brazil. p. 232. ISBN 9789401780230.
  3. ^ Assine, 1992, p.290
  4. ^ (in Portuguese) Chapada do Araripe vira parque geológico
  5. ^ Neto et al., 2013, p.3
  6. ^ Fabin et al., 2018, pp.2051-2052
  7. ^ a b c d Bétard et al., 2017, p.10
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Assine, 1992, p.291
  9. ^ a b c d Scherer et al., 2013, p.28
  10. ^ Ribeiro et al., 2011, p.62

Bibliography Edit

  • Assine, Mario L. 1992. Análise estratigráfica da Bacia do Araripe, Nordeste do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Geociências 22. 289–300. Accessed 2018-08-21.
  • Bétard, François; Jean-Pierre Peulvast; Alexsandra de Oliveira Magalhães; Maria de Lourdes Carvalho Neta, and Francisco Idalecio de Freitas. 2017. Araripe Basin: A Major Geodiversity Hotspot in Brazil. Geoheritage _. 1–18. Accessed 2018-08-21. 2018-08-21 at the Wayback Machine
  • Fabin, Carlos E.; Osvaldo J. Correia Filho; Márcio L. Alencar; José A. Barbosa; Tiago S. de Miranda; Virgínio H. Neumann; Igor F. Gomes, and Felipe R. de Santana. 2018. Stratigraphic Relations of the Ipubi Formation: Siliciclastic-Evaporitic Succession of the Araripe Basin. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 90. 2049–2071. Accessed 2018-10-05.
  • Neto, João Adauto; Haydon Mort; Ricardo Pereira; José Barbosa; Virginio Neumann; Walter Vortisch; Osvaldo J. C. Filho; Paulo de A. L. S. Brandão, and José G. A. Pacheco. 2013. Carbonaceous Shales in the Araripe Basin, NE Brazil: A Potential Shale Gas Reservoir, 1–7. AAPG Annual Convention and Exhibition. Accessed 2018-08-21.
  • Ribeiro Oliveira, Gustavo; Antônio Álamo Feitosa Saraiva; Helder de Paula Silva; José Artur Ferreira Gomes de Andrade, and Alexander Wilhelm Armin Kellner. 2011. First turtle from the Ipubi Formation (Early Cretaceous), Santana Group, Araripe Basin, Brazil. Revista Brasileira da Paleontologia 14. 61–66. Accessed 2018-08-21. 2018-08-21 at the Wayback Machine
  • Scherer, C.M.d.S.; E.F. Jardim de Sá; V.C. Córdoba; D.d.C. Sousa; M.M. Aquino, and F.M.C. Cardoso. 2013. Tectono-Stratigraphic evolution of the upper Jurassic-Neocomian rift succession, Araripe Basin, Northeast Brazil. Journal of South American Geosciences _. 1–43. Accessed 2018-08-21.

Further reading Edit

  • Aparecida dos Reis Polck, Márcia; Marise Sardenberg Salgado de Carvalho; Raphael Miguel, and Valéria Gallo. 2015. Guia de identificação de peixes fósseis das Formações Crato e Santana da Bacia do Araripe, 1–74. Serviço Geológico do Brasil (CPRM).
  • Báez, A.M.; G.J.B. Moura, and R.O. Gómez. 2009. [ Anurans from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of northeastern Brazil: implications for the early divergence of neobatrachians]. Cretaceous Research 30. 829–846. .
  • Bechly, G., and V. N. Makarkin. 2016. [ A new gigantic lacewing species (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil confirms the occurrence of Kalligrammatidae in the Americas]. Cretaceous Research 58. 135–140. .
  • Cavalcanti Duque, Rudah Ruano, and Alcina Magnólia Franca Barreto. 2018. Novos Sítios Fossilíferos da Formação Romualdo, Cretáceo Inferior, Bacia do Araripe, Exu, Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil - New Fossiliferous Sites of the Romualdo Formation, Lower Cretaceous, Araripe Basin, Exu, Pernambuco, Northeast of Brazil. Anuário do Instituto de Geociências, UFRJ 41. 5–14. Accessed 2018-10-06.
  • Elgin, Ross A., and Eberhard Frey. 2011. A new ornithocheirid, Barbosania gracilirostris gen. et sp. nov. (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea) from the Santana Formation (Cretaceous) of NE Brazil. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 130. 259. Accessed 2018-10-06.[permanent dead link]
  • Fara, Emmanuel; Antônio Á.F. Saraiva; Díogenes de Almeida Campos; João K.R. Moreira; Daniele de Carvalho Siebra, and Alexander W.A. Kellner. 2005. Controlled excavations in the Romualdo Member of the Santana Formation (Early Cretaceous, Araripe Basin, northeastern Brazil): stratigraphic, palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 218. 145–160. Accessed 2018-10-06.
  • Figueiredo, R.G., and A.W.A. Kellner. 2009. A new crocodylomorph specimen from the Araripe Basin (Crato Member, Santana Formation), northeastern Brazil. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 83. 323–331. Accessed 2018-10-06.
  • Jorge de Lima, Flaviana; Antonio Álamo Feitosa Saraiva, and Juliana Manso Sayão. 2012. Revisão da paleoflora das Formações Missão Velha, Crato e Romualdo, Bacia do Araripe, nordeste do Brasil. Estudos Geológicos 22(1). 99–115. .
  • Leite da Silva, Agnelo, and Virginio Enrique Neumann. 2003. Formação Crato da Bacia do Araripe: um reservatório análogo ao Calcário Trairí (Formação Paracuru), Bacia do Ceará, 1–6. 2o Congresso Brasileiro de P&D em Petróleo & Gás. Accessed 2018-10-06.
  • Maisey, J.G.; I. Rutzky; S. Blum, and W. Elvers. 1991. Laboratory Preparation Techniques. In Maisey, j:G. (ed): Santana Fossils: An Illustrated Atlas, 99–103. Tfh Publications Inc.. ISBN 0866225498
  • Makarkin, V.N., and F. Menon. 2007. First record of fossil 'rapismatid-like' Ithonidae (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil. Cretaceous Research 28. 743–753. Accessed 2018-10-06.
  • Martill, David M.; Günter Bechly, and Robert F. Loveridge. 2007. The Crato Fossil Beds of Brazil: Window into an Ancient World, 236. Cambridge University Press. Accessed 2018-10-06. ISBN 978-1-139-46776-6
  • Martill, D.M. 2007. The age of the Cretaceous Santana Formation fossil Konservat Lagerstätte of north-east Brazil: a historical review and an appraisal of the biochronostratigraphic utility of its palaeobiota. Cretaceous Research 28. 895–920. Accessed 2018-10-06.
  • Myskowiak, J.; D. Huang; D. Azar; C. Cai; R. Garrouste, and A. Nel. 2016. New lacewings (Insecta, Neuroptera, Osmylidae, Nymphidae) from the Lower Cretaceous Burmese amber and Crato Formation in Brazil. Cretaceous Research 59. 214–227. Accessed 2018-10-06.
  • Neumann, V.H.; A.G. Borrego; L. Cabrera, and R. Dino. 2003. Organic matter composition and distribution through the Aptian–Albian lacustrine sequences of the Araripe Basin, northeastern Brazil. International Journal of Coal Geology 54. 21–40. Accessed 2018-10-05.
  • Pinheiro, Allysson P.; Antônio Á.F. Saraiva, and William Santana. 2014. Shrimps from the Santana Group (Cretaceous: Albian): new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Dendrobranchiata) and new record (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências _. 1–8. Accessed 2018-10-06. 2017-08-24 at the Wayback Machine
  • Prado, Gustavo M.E.M.; Guilherme Raffaelli Romero, and Luiz Eduardo Anelli. 2016. New occurrences of fossilized feathers: systematics, taphonomy, and paleoecology of the Santana Formation of the Araripe Basin (Cretaceous), NE, Brazil. PeerJ _. 1–49. Accessed 2018-10-06.
  • Salisbury, S.W.; E. Frey; D.M. Martill, and M.C. Buchy. 2003. A new crocodilian from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of north-eastern Brazil. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A 270. 3–47. Accessed 2018-10-06.
  • Scherer, C.M.d.S.; E.F. Jardim de Sá; V.C. Córdoba; D.d.C. Sousa; M.M. Aquino, and F.M.C. Cardoso. 2013. Tectono-Stratigraphic evolution of the upper Jurassic-Neocomian rift succession, Araripe Basin, Northeast Brazil. Journal of South American Geosciences _. 1–43. Accessed 2018-10-05.
  • Weishampel, David B. et al. 2004. Dinosaur distribution (Early Cretaceous, South America) in: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 563–570. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-24209-2

September 01, 2023
araripe, basin, portuguese, bacia, araripe, rift, basin, covering, about, square, kilometres, ceará, piauí, pernambuco, states, northeastern, brazil, bounded, patos, pernambuco, lineaments, situated, east, parnaíba, basin, southwest, peixe, basin, northwest, t. The Araripe Basin Portuguese Bacia do Araripe is a rift basin covering about 8 000 square kilometres 3 100 sq mi 1 in Ceara Piaui and Pernambuco states of northeastern Brazil It is bounded by the Patos and Pernambuco lineaments 2 and is situated east of the Parnaiba Basin southwest of the Rio do Peixe Basin and northwest of the Tucano and Jatoba Basins 3 Araripe BasinBacia do AraripeGeologic map of the Araripe BasinOutline of the Chapada do Araripe in the basinCoordinates7 23 12 S 40 9 11 W 7 38667 S 40 15306 W 7 38667 40 15306EtymologyChapada do AraripeLocationSouth AmericaRegionNortheastCountry BrazilState s Ceara Pernambuco PiauiCitiesCrato CearaCharacteristicsOn OffshoreOnshoreBoundariesPatos amp Pernambuco lineamentsPart ofBrazilian onshore basinsArea 8 000 km2 3 100 sq mi GeologyBasin typeRift basinPlateSouth AmericanOrogenyBreak up of GondwanaAgeMiddle Jurassic AlbianStratigraphyStratigraphyThe basin has provided a variety of unique fossils in the Crato and Santana Formations and includes the Araripe Geopark a member of the UNESCO Global Geoparks since 2006 4 The pterosaurs Araripesaurus and Araripedactylus now considered a nomen dubium crocodylian Araripesuchus the turtle Araripemys amphibian Arariphrynus the fish Araripelepidotes and the insect Araripenymphes were named after the basin The bituminous shales of the Ipubi Formation in the Araripe Basin have potential for shale gas development 5 Contents 1 Basin history 2 Stratigraphy 3 See also 4 References 4 1 Bibliography 5 Further readingBasin history Edit nbsp Schematic development of the depositional environments of the Santana Group nbsp Lake level cyclicity in the Santana GroupThe tectono sedimentary evolution of the Araripe Basin located in the Borborema Geologic Province encompasses four stages with five tectonostratigraphic phases 6 1 Syneclise phase Silurian to Devonian characterized by tectonic quiescence in the Borborema Province It is represented by the deposits of the Cariri Formation that include medium to coarse grained quartz sandstones locally conglomeratic deposited in large braided fluvial systems 2 Pre rift phase Tithonian characterized by the mechanical subsidence due to lithosphere thinning that preceded the rift It is represented by the Brejo Santo Formation that comprises red shales and claystones and the Missao Velha Formation constituted by medium to coarse grained quartz feldspathic sandstones locally conglomeratic that contains entire trunks and fragments of silicified wood Dadoxilon benderi conifer 3 Rift phase Berriasian to Hauterivian characterized by increasing mechanical subsidence that created a system of grabens and half grabens It is represented by the Abaiara Formation that includes shales siltstones sandstones and conglomerates 4 Post Rift I phase Aptian to Albian characterized by thermal subsidence The lowermost unit Barbalha Formation represents a fluviolacustrine phase and is composed of red and gray shales siltstones and claystones The Santana Group was formed during this stage and comprises three stratigraphic units Crato Formation that is composed of six intervals of laminated limestones C1 to C6 interbedded with calciferous siltstones and marls and is very rich in fossils of vertebrate and invertebrate organisms Ipubi Formation that is mainly composed of organic rich black greenish bituminous shales claystones and algal limestones that are interbedded with gypsum anhydrite beds Romualdo Formation that represents a calciferous siliciclastic succession composed of fine to medium grained sandstones argillaceous siltstones calciferous shales and limestones very rich in fossils This formation recorded the marine proto Atlantic incursion that involved the Araripe Basin and other interior basins and created a large seaway throughout the Borborema Province during the Albian5 Post rift II phase Albian to Cenomanian characterized by a major sag phase and is formed by two stratigraphic units Araripina Formation that occurs in the western region of the basin and is composed by rhythmites and heterolithic layers of reddish purplish and yellowish fine grained sandstone and mudstone Exu Formation that comprises medium to coarse grained sandstones fine grained clayey sandstones and local conglomeratic bedsStratigraphy Edit nbsp Chapada do Araripe nbsp Outcrop in the Araripe BasinAge Group Formation Sequence NotesCenozoic alluviumAlbian Araripe Exu Post rift 7 8 ArajaraAraripina 9 AlbianAptian Santana Romualdo 8 Ipubi 8 10 Crato 7 8 Araripe Barbalha Rio da Batateira 7 8 9 Early Cretaceous Vale do Cariri Abaiara Pre and syn rift 8 9 Missao Velha 7 8 9 Late JurassicBrejo SantoMiddle JurassicEarly Jurassic hiatusTriassicPermianCarboniferousDevonian Paleozoic sequence MauritiMucuri Pre riftSilurianOrdovician hiatusCambrianPrecambrian BasementSee also Edit nbsp Geology portal nbsp Paleontology portalChapada do Araripe Parana Basin Santos BasinReferences Edit Neto et al 2013 p 1 Bianca Carvalho Vieira Andre Salgado Leonardo Santos 2015 03 05 Landscapes and Landforms of Brazil p 232 ISBN 9789401780230 Assine 1992 p 290 in Portuguese Chapada do Araripe vira parque geologico Neto et al 2013 p 3 Fabin et al 2018 pp 2051 2052 a b c d Betard et al 2017 p 10 a b c d e f g Assine 1992 p 291 a b c d Scherer et al 2013 p 28 Ribeiro et al 2011 p 62 Bibliography Edit Assine Mario L 1992 Analise estratigrafica da Bacia do Araripe Nordeste do Brasil Revista Brasileira de Geociencias 22 289 300 Accessed 2018 08 21 Betard Francois Jean Pierre Peulvast Alexsandra de Oliveira Magalhaes Maria de Lourdes Carvalho Neta and Francisco Idalecio de Freitas 2017 Araripe Basin A Major Geodiversity Hotspot in Brazil Geoheritage 1 18 Accessed 2018 08 21 Archived 2018 08 21 at the Wayback Machine Fabin Carlos E Osvaldo J Correia Filho Marcio L Alencar Jose A Barbosa Tiago S de Miranda Virginio H Neumann Igor F Gomes and Felipe R de Santana 2018 Stratigraphic Relations of the Ipubi Formation Siliciclastic Evaporitic Succession of the Araripe Basin Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 90 2049 2071 Accessed 2018 10 05 Neto Joao Adauto Haydon Mort Ricardo Pereira Jose Barbosa Virginio Neumann Walter Vortisch Osvaldo J C Filho Paulo de A L S Brandao and Jose G A Pacheco 2013 Carbonaceous Shales in the Araripe Basin NE Brazil A Potential Shale Gas Reservoir 1 7 AAPG Annual Convention and Exhibition Accessed 2018 08 21 Ribeiro Oliveira Gustavo Antonio Alamo Feitosa Saraiva Helder de Paula Silva Jose Artur Ferreira Gomes de Andrade and Alexander Wilhelm Armin Kellner 2011 First turtle from the Ipubi Formation Early Cretaceous Santana Group Araripe Basin Brazil Revista Brasileira da Paleontologia 14 61 66 Accessed 2018 08 21 Archived 2018 08 21 at the Wayback Machine Scherer C M d S E F Jardim de Sa V C Cordoba D d C Sousa M M Aquino and F M C Cardoso 2013 Tectono Stratigraphic evolution of the upper Jurassic Neocomian rift succession Araripe Basin Northeast Brazil Journal of South American Geosciences 1 43 Accessed 2018 08 21 Further reading EditAparecida dos Reis Polck Marcia Marise Sardenberg Salgado de Carvalho Raphael Miguel and Valeria Gallo 2015 Guia de identificacao de peixes fosseis das Formacoes Crato e Santana da Bacia do Araripe 1 74 Servico Geologico do Brasil CPRM Baez A M G J B Moura and R O Gomez 2009 Anurans from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of northeastern Brazil implications for the early divergence of neobatrachians Cretaceous Research 30 829 846 Bechly G and V N Makarkin 2016 A new gigantic lacewing species Insecta Neuroptera from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil confirms the occurrence of Kalligrammatidae in the Americas Cretaceous Research 58 135 140 Cavalcanti Duque Rudah Ruano and Alcina Magnolia Franca Barreto 2018 Novos Sitios Fossiliferos da Formacao Romualdo Cretaceo Inferior Bacia do Araripe Exu Pernambuco Nordeste do Brasil New Fossiliferous Sites of the Romualdo Formation Lower Cretaceous Araripe Basin Exu Pernambuco Northeast of Brazil Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias UFRJ 41 5 14 Accessed 2018 10 06 Elgin Ross A and Eberhard Frey 2011 A new ornithocheirid Barbosania gracilirostris gen et sp nov Pterosauria Pterodactyloidea from the Santana Formation Cretaceous of NE Brazil Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 130 259 Accessed 2018 10 06 permanent dead link Fara Emmanuel Antonio A F Saraiva Diogenes de Almeida Campos Joao K R Moreira Daniele de Carvalho Siebra and Alexander W A Kellner 2005 Controlled excavations in the Romualdo Member of the Santana Formation Early Cretaceous Araripe Basin northeastern Brazil stratigraphic palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological implications Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 218 145 160 Accessed 2018 10 06 Figueiredo R G and A W A Kellner 2009 A new crocodylomorph specimen from the Araripe Basin Crato Member Santana Formation northeastern Brazil Palaontologische Zeitschrift 83 323 331 Accessed 2018 10 06 Jorge de Lima Flaviana Antonio Alamo Feitosa Saraiva and Juliana Manso Sayao 2012 Revisao da paleoflora das Formacoes Missao Velha Crato e Romualdo Bacia do Araripe nordeste do Brasil Estudos Geologicos 22 1 99 115 Leite da Silva Agnelo and Virginio Enrique Neumann 2003 Formacao Crato da Bacia do Araripe um reservatorio analogo ao Calcario Trairi Formacao Paracuru Bacia do Ceara 1 6 2o Congresso Brasileiro de P amp D em Petroleo amp Gas Accessed 2018 10 06 Maisey J G I Rutzky S Blum and W Elvers 1991 Laboratory Preparation Techniques In Maisey j G ed Santana Fossils An Illustrated Atlas 99 103 Tfh Publications Inc ISBN 0866225498 Makarkin V N and F Menon 2007 First record of fossil rapismatid like Ithonidae Insecta Neuroptera from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil Cretaceous Research 28 743 753 Accessed 2018 10 06 Martill David M Gunter Bechly and Robert F Loveridge 2007 The Crato Fossil Beds of Brazil Window into an Ancient World 236 Cambridge University Press Accessed 2018 10 06 ISBN 978 1 139 46776 6 Martill D M 2007 The age of the Cretaceous Santana Formation fossil Konservat Lagerstatte of north east Brazil a historical review and an appraisal of the biochronostratigraphic utility of its palaeobiota Cretaceous Research 28 895 920 Accessed 2018 10 06 Myskowiak J D Huang D Azar C Cai R Garrouste and A Nel 2016 New lacewings Insecta Neuroptera Osmylidae Nymphidae from the Lower Cretaceous Burmese amber and Crato Formation in Brazil Cretaceous Research 59 214 227 Accessed 2018 10 06 Neumann V H A G Borrego L Cabrera and R Dino 2003 Organic matter composition and distribution through the Aptian Albian lacustrine sequences of the Araripe Basin northeastern Brazil International Journal of Coal Geology 54 21 40 Accessed 2018 10 05 Pinheiro Allysson P Antonio A F Saraiva and William Santana 2014 Shrimps from the Santana Group Cretaceous Albian new species Crustacea Decapoda Dendrobranchiata and new record Crustacea Decapoda Caridea Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 1 8 Accessed 2018 10 06 Archived 2017 08 24 at the Wayback Machine Prado Gustavo M E M Guilherme Raffaelli Romero and Luiz Eduardo Anelli 2016 New occurrences of fossilized feathers systematics taphonomy and paleoecology of the Santana Formation of the Araripe Basin Cretaceous NE Brazil PeerJ 1 49 Accessed 2018 10 06 Salisbury S W E Frey D M Martill and M C Buchy 2003 A new crocodilian from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of north eastern Brazil Palaeontographica Abteilung A 270 3 47 Accessed 2018 10 06 Scherer C M d S E F Jardim de Sa V C Cordoba D d C Sousa M M Aquino and F M C Cardoso 2013 Tectono Stratigraphic evolution of the upper Jurassic Neocomian rift succession Araripe Basin Northeast Brazil Journal of South American Geosciences 1 43 Accessed 2018 10 05 Weishampel David B et al 2004 Dinosaur distribution Early Cretaceous South America in Weishampel David B Dodson Peter and Osmolska Halszka eds The Dinosauria 563 570 Berkeley University of California Press ISBN 0 520 24209 2 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 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