The White River is so named due to the clay it picks up in the Badlands of South Dakota. Here it flows into the Missouri River and colors it with clay.
The movement of water across the stream bed exerts a shear stress directly onto the bed. If the cohesive strength of the substrate is lower than the shear exerted, or the bed is composed of loose sediment which can be mobilized by such stresses, then the bed will be lowered purely by clearwater flow. In addition, if the river carries significant quantities of sediment, this material can act as tools to enhance wear of the bed (abrasion). At the same time the fragments themselves are ground down, becoming smaller and more rounded (attrition).
Sediment in rivers is transported as either bedload (the coarser fragments which move close to the bed) or suspended load (finer fragments carried in the water). There is also a component carried as dissolved material.
For each grain size there is a specific flow velocity at which the grains start to move, called entrainment velocity. However the grains will continue to be transported even if the velocity falls below the entrainment velocity due to the reduced (or removed) friction between the grains and the river bed. Eventually the velocity will fall low enough for the grains to be deposited. This is shown by the Hjulström curve.
A river is continually picking up and dropping solid particles of rock and soil from its bed throughout its length. Where the river flow is fast, more particles are picked up than dropped. Where the river flow is slow, more particles are dropped than picked up. Areas where more particles are dropped are called alluvial or flood plains, and the dropped particles are called alluvium.
Even small streams make alluvial deposits, but it is in floodplains and deltas of large rivers that large, geologically-significant alluvial deposits are found.
The amount of matter carried by a large river is enormous. It has been estimated that the Mississippi River annually carries 406 million tons of sediment to the sea,[5] the Yellow River 796 million tons, and the Po River in Italy 67 million tons.[6] The names of many rivers derive from the color that the transported matter gives the water. For example, the Yellow River (Huang He) in China is named after the hue of the sediment it carries,[7] and the White Nile is named for the clay it carries.
River valley, also known as vale – Low area between hills, often with a river running through itPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Shoal, also known as bar – Natural submerged sandbank that rises from a body of water to near the surface
Spring (hydrology) – Point at which water emerges from an aquifer to the surface
Stream – Body of surface water flowing down a channel
Stream pool – Stretch of a river or stream in which the water is relatively deep and slow moving
^Neuendorf, Klaus K.E.; Mehl James P..Jreditor-first3=Julia A., James P.; Jackson, eds. (2011). Glossary of Geology (5th revised ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute. p. 800. ISBN978-3642066214. OCLC 751527782.
^Wilson, W.E. & Moore, J.E. 2003. Glossary of Hydrology, American Geological Institute, Springer, 248pp.
^Charlton, Ro (2008). Fundamentals of fluvial geomorphology. London: Rutledge. p. 234. ISBN978-0-415-33454-9.
^Wohl, Ellen (2014). Rivers in the Landscape: Science and Management. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 330. ISBN978-1118414897.
^Mathur, Anuradha; Dilip da Cunha (2001). Mississippi Floods: Designing a Shifting Landscape. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN0-300-08430-7
^MOSTERN, RUTH; HORNE, RYAN M. (2021). The Yellow River: A Natural and Unnatural History. Yale University Press. p. 33. doi:10.2307/j.ctv1vbd1d8.7. ISBN978-0-300-23833-4.
February 27, 2023
fluvial, processes, geography, geology, fluvial, processes, associated, with, rivers, streams, deposits, landforms, created, them, when, stream, rivers, associated, with, glaciers, sheets, caps, term, glaciofluvial, fluvioglacial, used, deep, eroding, glaciofl. In geography and geology fluvial processes are associated with rivers and streams and the deposits and landforms created by them When the stream or rivers are associated with glaciers ice sheets or ice caps the term glaciofluvial or fluvioglacial is used 1 2 Deep eroding glaciofluvial deposits alongside the Matanuska River Alaska Contents 1 Fluvial processes 2 See also 2 1 Fluvial processes 2 2 Fluvial channel patterns 2 3 Fluvial landforms 2 4 Related terms 3 ReferencesFluvial processes Edit The White River is so named due to the clay it picks up in the Badlands of South Dakota Here it flows into the Missouri River and colors it with clay Fluvial processes include the motion of sediment and erosion or deposition on the river bed 3 4 The movement of water across the stream bed exerts a shear stress directly onto the bed If the cohesive strength of the substrate is lower than the shear exerted or the bed is composed of loose sediment which can be mobilized by such stresses then the bed will be lowered purely by clearwater flow In addition if the river carries significant quantities of sediment this material can act as tools to enhance wear of the bed abrasion At the same time the fragments themselves are ground down becoming smaller and more rounded attrition Sediment in rivers is transported as either bedload the coarser fragments which move close to the bed or suspended load finer fragments carried in the water There is also a component carried as dissolved material For each grain size there is a specific flow velocity at which the grains start to move called entrainment velocity However the grains will continue to be transported even if the velocity falls below the entrainment velocity due to the reduced or removed friction between the grains and the river bed Eventually the velocity will fall low enough for the grains to be deposited This is shown by the Hjulstrom curve A river is continually picking up and dropping solid particles of rock and soil from its bed throughout its length Where the river flow is fast more particles are picked up than dropped Where the river flow is slow more particles are dropped than picked up Areas where more particles are dropped are called alluvial or flood plains and the dropped particles are called alluvium Even small streams make alluvial deposits but it is in floodplains and deltas of large rivers that large geologically significant alluvial deposits are found The amount of matter carried by a large river is enormous It has been estimated that the Mississippi River annually carries 406 million tons of sediment to the sea 5 the Yellow River 796 million tons and the Po River in Italy 67 million tons 6 The names of many rivers derive from the color that the transported matter gives the water For example the Yellow River Huang He in China is named after the hue of the sediment it carries 7 and the White Nile is named for the clay it carries See also EditBody of waterFluvial processes Edit Bradshaw model Geographical model of river characteristics Corrosion Gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction with its environment solution Erosion Natural processes that remove soil and rock Downcutting Process of deepening a stream channel by erosion of the bottom material Saltation geology Particle transport by fluids Suspension chemistry Heterogeneous mixture of solid particles dispersed in a medium Fluvial channel patterns Edit Anastomosis Connection or opening between two things that are normally diverging or branching Braided river Network of river channels separated by small and often temporary islands Channel pattern Characteristic geometry of a channel system Meandering river One of a series of curves in a channel of a matured stream Fluvial landforms Edit Channel geography Type of landform in which part of a body of water is confined to a relatively narrow but long region Confluence Meeting of two or more bodies of flowing water Cut bank Outside bank of a water channel which is continually undergoing erosion Crevasse splay Sediment deposited on a floodplain by a stream which breaks its levees Drainage basin Area of land where precipitation collects and drains off into a common outlet watershed Esker Long winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel associated with former glaciers Floodplain Land adjacent to a river which is flooded during periods of high discharge Fluvial landforms of streams Fluvial terrace Elongated terraces that flank the sides of floodplains and river valleys Canyon Deep ravine between cliffs Gorge Gully Landform created by running water and or mass movement eroding sharply into soil Island Piece of sub continental land completely surrounded by water Levee Natural levees Meander One of a series of curves in a channel of a matured stream Oxbow lake U shaped lake or pool Pendant bar fluvial landform formed on the downstream side of a weathering resistant protrusionPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback Plunge pool Depression at the base of a waterfall Point bar Landform related to streams and rivers Riffle Shallow landform in a flowing channel River Natural flowing watercourse River delta Silt deposition landform at the mouth of a river River island Exposed land within a river River valley also known as vale Low area between hills often with a river running through itPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Shoal also known as bar Natural submerged sandbank that rises from a body of water to near the surface Spring hydrology Point at which water emerges from an aquifer to the surface Stream Body of surface water flowing down a channel Stream pool Stretch of a river or stream in which the water is relatively deep and slow moving Waterfall Natural river formation Yazoo stream Hydrologic term Related terms Edit lacustrine of or relating to a lake maritime of or relating to a sea oceanic of or relating to an ocean palustrine of or relating to a marshReferences Edit Neuendorf Klaus K E Mehl James P Jreditor first3 Julia A James P Jackson eds 2011 Glossary of Geology 5th revised ed Alexandria Virginia American Geological Institute p 800 ISBN 978 3642066214 OCLC 751527782 Wilson W E amp Moore J E 2003 Glossary of Hydrology American Geological Institute Springer 248pp Charlton Ro 2008 Fundamentals of fluvial geomorphology London Rutledge p 234 ISBN 978 0 415 33454 9 Wohl Ellen 2014 Rivers in the Landscape Science and Management Wiley Blackwell p 330 ISBN 978 1118414897 Mathur Anuradha Dilip da Cunha 2001 Mississippi Floods Designing a Shifting Landscape New Haven CT Yale University Press ISBN 0 300 08430 7 Dill William A 1990 Inland fisheries of Europe Rome Italy UN Food and Agriculture Organization ISBN 92 5 102999 7 http www fao org docrep 009 t0377e t0377e00 htm Archived 2018 03 01 at the Wayback Machine MOSTERN RUTH HORNE RYAN M 2021 The Yellow River A Natural and Unnatural History Yale University Press p 33 doi 10 2307 j ctv1vbd1d8 7 ISBN 978 0 300 23833 4 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fluvial processes amp oldid 1128330189, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
