Aran (Occitan: [aˈɾan]; Catalan: [əˈɾan]; Spanish: [aˈɾan]) (often known as the Aran Valley, or Val d'Aran in Aranese Occitan;[1][2][3][4][5] in other forms of Occitan: Vath d'Aran or Vau d'Aran, in Catalan: Vall d'Aran, in Spanish: Valle de Arán) is an administrative entity (formerly considered a comarca) in northwest Catalonia, Spain, consisting of 620.47 square kilometres (239.56 sq mi) in area, located in the Pyrenees mountains, in the Alt Pirineu i Aran region and in the province of Lleida. The capital is Vielha e Mijaran.
This valley constitutes the only contiguous part of Catalonia located on the northern side of the Pyrenees. Hence, this valley holds the only Catalan rivers to flow into the Atlantic Ocean (for the same reason, the region is characterized by an Atlantic climate, instead of a Mediterranean one). The Garonne river flows through Aran from its source on the Pla de Beret (Beret Flat) near the Port de la Bonaigua. It is joined by the Joèu river (from the slopes of Aneto mountain) which passes underground at the Forau d'Aigualluts.[6] It then reappears in the Val dera Artiga de Lin before reaching the Aran valley, then through France and eventually to the Atlantic Ocean. The Noguera Pallaresa river, whose source is only a hundred meters from that of the Garonne, flows the opposite way towards the Mediterranean.
Aran borders France on the north, the Autonomous Community of Aragon to the west and the Catalancomarques of Alta Ribagorça to the south and Pallars Sobirà to the east. Its capital, Vielha e Mijaran, has 5,474 inhabitants (2014). The entire population of the valley is about 9,991 (2014). As of 2001, a plurality of people in Aran spoke Spanish (38.78%) as their native language, followed by Aranese (34.19%), then Catalan (19.45%) with 7.56% having a different native language.[7] While Aranese is the mother tongue of 62.87% of people born in the region, it is less frequent among residents born outside the valley.[8]
You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Catalan. (June 2020) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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In 1313, James II of Aragon granted administrative and political autonomy to the Aran Valley, the legal details of which are described in a Latin manuscript called the Querimonia. The devolution of power was a reward for the Aranese pledging allegiance to James II in a dispute with the kingdoms of France and Mallorca over control of the valley.[9] This status was suppressed in 1834, when the Valley was integrated into the new Province of Lleida, in the context of the establishment of the Spanish provinces at the beginning of the liberal state.
On 19 October 1944, Spanish Communist Partyguerrillasinvaded the valley in an attempt to bring about the fall of the Spanish dictatorship. They took control of several villages until October 27, 1944, but were forced to retreat back into France after Franco sent reinforcements to defend Vielha.[10]
Before the construction of the Vielha tunnel, opened in 1948, the Aran valley had no direct communication with the south side of the mountains during winter.
In 1987 it became an administrative comarca. In 1990 the special status of Aran within Catalonia was restored by the Parliament of Catalonia, reestablishing the Conselh Generau, granting it a degree of home rule and declaring Occitan as official language. In 2015 the Catalan Parliament passed a new law which increased the powers of the Conselh Generau and recognized Aran as an "Occitan national reality".
The population of Val d'Aran has generally been opposed to the Catalan independence movement due to lack of a strong Catalan identity.[11]
Name and local languageEdit
Map of southern France with the Occitan dialects, showcasing Aranese
Aranese is the standardized form of the local Gascon variety of the Occitan language. Aranese has been regularly taught at school since 1984. Like several other minority languages in Europe that recently faced decline, Aranese is experiencing a renaissance.[12]
The name Aran comes from Basqueharan, meaning valley. Maps and road signs in Spain use the name "era Val d'Aran" to refer to the valley, where era is the Aranese singular feminine article. The same practice goes for all towns and other locations in Aran, for example, the Aranese spelling Vielha is used instead of Catalan and Spanish Viella to refer to the capital of Aran.
Basque toponyms reveal that Basque was spoken further east along the Pyrenees than today. The growing influence of Latin began to drive Basque out after the turn of the first millennium.
Government and economyEdit
Administratively, Aran is a "unique territorial entity" roughly equivalent to a comarca with additional powers, and informally referred to as a comarca. This status was most recently formalised in February 2015.[13] The area is divided into six administrative divisions called terçons (oc) (meaning "thirds", as there were formerly three divisions). The current arrangement of the divisions dates from the 15th century. Since 1991, Aran has an autonomous government called the Conselh Generau d'Aran (Occitan: General Council of Aran), headed by the Síndic d'Aran.
The main economic activity in the valley is tourism; from the ski resorts in the winter and from other tourist activity in the summer. Other primary sectors of the economy include forest products, cattle ranching and agriculture, all of which have become progressively less important since the opening of ski resorts.
^"Patrimoni culturau dera Val d'Aran | Conselh Generau d'Aran" (in Occitan). Retrieved 2023-05-30.
^"Ua lengua oficiau | Conselh Generau d'Aran" (in Occitan). Retrieved 2023-05-30.
^"Ua lengua romanica | Conselh Generau d'Aran" (in Occitan). Retrieved 2023-05-30.
^"Visit Val d'Aran". Visit Val d'Aran - Val d'Aran. Era esséncia des Pirinèus, official tourist website of Val d'Aran (in Catalan). Retrieved 2023-05-30.
^"Val d'Aran | Visit Pirineus (part of the official tourist website of the Generalitat de Catalunya)". www.visitpirineus.com. Retrieved 2023-05-30.
^"Forau de Aigualluts ✅". Portal Benasque (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-05-30.
^"Cens lingüístic de l'aranès de 2001" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-08-06.
^Cens lingüístic de l'aranès de 2001 (section 10: Llengua materna de la població de la Val d'Aran. Distribució per lloc de naixement. 2001) (in Catalan)
^Turell, M. Teresa, ed. (2001). Multilingualism in Spain : sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic aspects of linguistic minority groups ([Online-Ausg.]. ed.). Clevedon [u.a.]: Multilingual Matters. p. 142. ISBN9781853594915. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
^Rodríguez Marcos, Javier. "El valle de la libertad". elpais.com (in Spanish). El Pais. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
^"Así es Bossòst, el pueblo más contrario a la independencia de Cataluña". YouTube (in Spanish). BBC News Mundo. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
^"LLEI 1/2015, del 5 de febrer, del règim especial d'Aran" (PDF) (in Catalan). Generalitat of Catalonia. 2015-02-13. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
^ ab"El municipi en xifres". Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya. Retrieved 2015-05-25.
External linksEdit
Page of the Conselh Generau d'Aran (in Occitan)
Information from the Generalitat de Catalunya (in Catalan)
Touristic information about the Val d'Aran (in Occitan)
Smith, Dominic. "Language planning in the Val d'Aran: The recent work of the Conselh Generau d'Aran's 'Oficina de Foment e Ensenhament der Aranés' and its effects on the Aranés-speaking population." (PDF). 2003.
aran, aran, occitan, aˈɾan, catalan, əˈɾan, spanish, aˈɾan, often, known, aran, valley, aranese, occitan, other, forms, occitan, vath, aran, aran, catalan, vall, aran, spanish, valle, arán, administrative, entity, formerly, considered, comarca, northwest, cata. Aran Occitan aˈɾan Catalan eˈɾan Spanish aˈɾan often known as the Aran Valley or Val d Aran in Aranese Occitan 1 2 3 4 5 in other forms of Occitan Vath d Aran or Vau d Aran in Catalan Vall d Aran in Spanish Valle de Aran is an administrative entity formerly considered a comarca in northwest Catalonia Spain consisting of 620 47 square kilometres 239 56 sq mi in area located in the Pyrenees mountains in the Alt Pirineu i Aran region and in the province of Lleida The capital is Vielha e Mijaran AranUnique territorial entityPanorama of Aran with Bossost to the leftFlagCoat of armsAnthem Montanhes araneses Occitan Aranese mountains source source Location of Aran in CataloniaCountry SpainAutonomous community CataloniaRegionAlt Pirineu i AranProvinceLleidaCapitalVielha e MijaranMunicipalitiesList Arres Bausen Bossost Es Bordes Canejan Les Naut Aran Vielha e Mijaran VilamosGovernment BodyConselh Generau d Aran Sindic d AranMaria Verges Perez UA PSC Area Total633 5 km2 244 6 sq mi Population 2014 Total9 993 Density16 km2 41 sq mi DemonymsEnglish Aranese Occitan aranes m aranesa f Time zoneUTC 1 CET Summer DST UTC 2 CEST Largest municipalityVielha e MijaranOfficial languagesOccitan Aranese Catalan SpanishWebsiteConselh Generau d AranThis valley constitutes the only contiguous part of Catalonia located on the northern side of the Pyrenees Hence this valley holds the only Catalan rivers to flow into the Atlantic Ocean for the same reason the region is characterized by an Atlantic climate instead of a Mediterranean one The Garonne river flows through Aran from its source on the Pla de Beret Beret Flat near the Port de la Bonaigua It is joined by the Joeu river from the slopes of Aneto mountain which passes underground at the Forau d Aigualluts 6 It then reappears in the Val dera Artiga de Lin before reaching the Aran valley then through France and eventually to the Atlantic Ocean The Noguera Pallaresa river whose source is only a hundred meters from that of the Garonne flows the opposite way towards the Mediterranean Aran borders France on the north the Autonomous Community of Aragon to the west and the Catalan comarques of Alta Ribagorca to the south and Pallars Sobira to the east Its capital Vielha e Mijaran has 5 474 inhabitants 2014 The entire population of the valley is about 9 991 2014 As of 2001 a plurality of people in Aran spoke Spanish 38 78 as their native language followed by Aranese 34 19 then Catalan 19 45 with 7 56 having a different native language 7 While Aranese is the mother tongue of 62 87 of people born in the region it is less frequent among residents born outside the valley 8 Contents 1 History 2 Name and local language 3 Government and economy 3 1 Municipalities 4 Fauna 5 References 6 External linksHistory EditYou can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Catalan June 2020 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Catalan article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Catalan Wikipedia article at ca Historia d Aran see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated ca Historia d Aran to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation In 1313 James II of Aragon granted administrative and political autonomy to the Aran Valley the legal details of which are described in a Latin manuscript called the Querimonia The devolution of power was a reward for the Aranese pledging allegiance to James II in a dispute with the kingdoms of France and Mallorca over control of the valley 9 This status was suppressed in 1834 when the Valley was integrated into the new Province of Lleida in the context of the establishment of the Spanish provinces at the beginning of the liberal state On 19 October 1944 Spanish Communist Party guerrillas invaded the valley in an attempt to bring about the fall of the Spanish dictatorship They took control of several villages until October 27 1944 but were forced to retreat back into France after Franco sent reinforcements to defend Vielha 10 Before the construction of the Vielha tunnel opened in 1948 the Aran valley had no direct communication with the south side of the mountains during winter In 1987 it became an administrative comarca In 1990 the special status of Aran within Catalonia was restored by the Parliament of Catalonia reestablishing the Conselh Generau granting it a degree of home rule and declaring Occitan as official language In 2015 the Catalan Parliament passed a new law which increased the powers of the Conselh Generau and recognized Aran as an Occitan national reality The population of Val d Aran has generally been opposed to the Catalan independence movement due to lack of a strong Catalan identity 11 Name and local language Edit Map of southern France with the Occitan dialects showcasing AraneseAranese is the standardized form of the local Gascon variety of the Occitan language Aranese has been regularly taught at school since 1984 Like several other minority languages in Europe that recently faced decline Aranese is experiencing a renaissance 12 The name Aran comes from Basque haran meaning valley Maps and road signs in Spain use the name era Val d Aran to refer to the valley where era is the Aranese singular feminine article The same practice goes for all towns and other locations in Aran for example the Aranese spelling Vielha is used instead of Catalan and Spanish Viella to refer to the capital of Aran Basque toponyms reveal that Basque was spoken further east along the Pyrenees than today The growing influence of Latin began to drive Basque out after the turn of the first millennium Government and economy EditAdministratively Aran is a unique territorial entity roughly equivalent to a comarca with additional powers and informally referred to as a comarca This status was most recently formalised in February 2015 13 The area is divided into six administrative divisions called tercons oc meaning thirds as there were formerly three divisions The current arrangement of the divisions dates from the 15th century Since 1991 Aran has an autonomous government called the Conselh Generau d Aran Occitan General Council of Aran headed by the Sindic d Aran The major political parties are the Unity of Aran Aranese Nationalist Party the local chapter of the Socialists Party of Catalonia the Aranese Democratic Convergence the local chapter of the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia The Occitan Republican Left party was founded in 2008 The main economic activity in the valley is tourism from the ski resorts in the winter and from other tourist activity in the summer Other primary sectors of the economy include forest products cattle ranching and agriculture all of which have become progressively less important since the opening of ski resorts Municipalities Edit Garonne in Val d Aran near 1840 by Eugene de Malbos Municipality Population 2014 14 Areakm2 14 Arres 73 11 6Bausen 49 17 7Es Bordes 234 21 4Bossost 1 140 28 2Canejan 102 48 3Les 968 23 4Naut Aran 1 782 255 8Vielha e Mijaran 5 474 211 7Vilamos 171 15 4 Total 9 9 993 633 5Fauna EditMany native animals of Aran are in danger of extinction There are programs to reintroduce and or protect Aran rock lizard Lacerta aranica Bearded vulture Gypaetus barbatus Brown bear Ursus arctos Rock ptarmigan Lagopus mutus References Edit Patrimoni culturau dera Val d Aran Conselh Generau d Aran in Occitan Retrieved 2023 05 30 Ua lengua oficiau Conselh Generau d Aran in Occitan Retrieved 2023 05 30 Ua lengua romanica Conselh Generau d Aran in Occitan Retrieved 2023 05 30 Visit Val d Aran Visit Val d Aran Val d Aran Era essencia des Pirineus official tourist website of Val d Aran in Catalan Retrieved 2023 05 30 Val d Aran Visit Pirineus part of the official tourist website of the Generalitat de Catalunya www visitpirineus com Retrieved 2023 05 30 Forau de Aigualluts Portal Benasque in Spanish Retrieved 2023 05 30 Cens linguistic de l aranes de 2001 PDF Retrieved 2012 08 06 Cens linguistic de l aranes de 2001 section 10 Llengua materna de la poblacio de la Val d Aran Distribucio per lloc de naixement 2001 in Catalan Turell M Teresa ed 2001 Multilingualism in Spain sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic aspects of linguistic minority groups Online Ausg ed Clevedon u a Multilingual Matters p 142 ISBN 9781853594915 Retrieved 19 August 2015 Rodriguez Marcos Javier El valle de la libertad elpais com in Spanish El Pais Retrieved 18 August 2015 Asi es Bossost el pueblo mas contrario a la independencia de Cataluna YouTube in Spanish BBC News Mundo Retrieved 24 November 2021 Collett Richard Aranese Spain s little known language BBC Retrieved 2022 01 18 LLEI 1 2015 del 5 de febrer del regim especial d Aran PDF in Catalan Generalitat of Catalonia 2015 02 13 Retrieved 2015 11 19 a b El municipi en xifres Institut d Estadistica de Catalunya Retrieved 2015 05 25 External links EditPage of the Conselh Generau d Aran in Occitan Information from the Generalitat de Catalunya in Catalan Touristic information about the Val d Aran in Occitan Smith Dominic Language planning in the Val d Aran The recent work of the Conselh Generau d Aran s Oficina de Foment e Ensenhament der Aranes and its effects on the Aranes speaking population PDF 2003 42 43 21 N 0 50 14 E 42 72250 N 0 83722 E 42 72250 0 83722 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