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1960s in LGBT rights

This is a list of notable events in the history of LGBT rights that took place in the 1960s.

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Events during this period Edit

1960 Edit

1961 Edit

1962 Edit

1963 Edit

1964 Edit

  • February – The Black Cat Bar, having struggled for several months to survive without liquor sales, closes permanently.[12]
  • April 25 – The Fun Lounge police raid near Chicago resulted in 109 arrests and led to the creation of Mattachine Midwest, a gay rights organization modeled after the Mattachine Society.
  • September 19 – A small group pickets the Whitehall Street Induction Center in New York City after the confidentiality of gay men's draft records was violated. This action has been identified as the first gay rights demonstration in the United States.[13]
  • December 2 – Four gay men and lesbians picket a New York City lecture by a psychoanalyst espousing the model of homosexuality as a mental illness. The demonstrators are given ten minutes to make a rebuttal.[13]

1965 Edit

1966 Edit

  • January – The South African Police raid a gay party attended by about 300 people in Forest Town, a suburb of Johannesburg. This attracts much public and political attention, leading in 1969 to an extension of the criminalization of male homosexuality.[23][24]
  • January 21 – Time magazine publishes an unsigned two-page article, "The Homosexual in America". The article includes statements such as "Homosexuality is a pathetic little second-rate substitute for reality, a pitiable flight from life. ... it deserves no encouragement ... no pretense that it is anything but a pernicious sickness."[25]
  • February 18 – The first meeting of the coalition of gay rights groups that will become the North American Conference of Homophile Organizations takes place in Kansas City, Missouri.[26]
  • April 21 – Activists stage a "sip-in" at Julius, a bar in New York City, challenging a state Liquor Authority regulation prohibiting serving alcohol to homosexuals on the basis that they are disorderly. Although the resultant complaint to the Liquor Authority results in no action, the city's human rights commission declares that such discrimination could not continue.[27]
  • May 21 – A coalition of homophile organizations across the country organizes simultaneous demonstrations for Armed Forces Day. The Los Angeles group holds a 15-car motorcade (which has been identified as the nation's first gay pride parade)[28] and activists hold pickets in the other cities.[29][30]
  • July 18 – Around 25 people picket Compton's Cafeteria in San Francisco when new management begins using Pinkerton agents and police to harass gay and transgender customers.[31]
  • August – Gay and transgender customers riot at Compton's in response to continued police harassment. The restaurant and the surrounding neighborhood sustain heavy damage. The following night demonstrators throw up another picket line, which quickly descends into new violence and damage to the restaurant.[31]
  • September – The Chicago chapter of the Mattachine Society pickets the Chicago Tribune and the Chicago Sun-Times for routinely ignoring press material and refusing advertising from the organization.[32]

1967 Edit

  • The book Homosexual Behavior Among Males: A Cross-Cultural and Cross-Species Investigation by Wainwright Churchill III breaks ground as a scientific study approaching homosexuality as a fact of life rather than as a sin, crime or disease, and introduces the term "homoerotophobia", a possible precursor to "homophobia".
  • Pierre Trudeau, then Canada's Minister of Justice, introduces an Omnibus Bill to overhaul Canada's criminal laws, which includes decriminalizing homosexual acts. Trudeau tells reporters, "There's no place for the state in the bedrooms of the nation" and "What's done in private between two consenting adults doesn't concern the Criminal Code."[33] After 18 months of debate, the bill becomes law in 1969.
  • January 1 – In the first hour of the new year, a raid occurs at the Black Cat Tavern in the Silverlake area near Los Angeles.[34] Several hundred people spontaneously demonstrate on Sunset Boulevard and picket outside the Black Cat,[35] fueling the formation of gay rights groups in California.[36]
  • January 16 – The Louisiana Supreme Court rules that the state's statutory ban on "unnatural carnal copulation" applies to women engaged in oral sex with other women.[37]
  • February 11 – In a follow-up action to the Black Cat demonstration, around 40 picketers demonstrate in front of the Black Cat in coordination with hippies and other counterculture groups who had been targeted by police for harassment and violence.[38]
  • March 7 – CBS airs "The Homosexuals", an episode of CBS Reports. This first-ever national television broadcast on the subject of homosexuality has been described as "the single most destructive hour of antigay propaganda in our nation's history."[39]
  • April 23 – The Student Homophile League of Columbia University pickets and disrupts a panel of psychiatrists discussing homosexuality.[40]
  • July 27 – The Sexual Offences Act 1967 receives royal assent from Elizabeth II, decriminalizing private homosexual acts in England and Wales. The age of consent for homosexual acts is set at 21, compared to 16 for heterosexual acts.[41]
  • August – Following the arrest of two patrons at the Los Angeles gay bar The Patch, owner Lee Glaze organizes the other patrons to move on the police station. After buying out a nearby flower shop, the demonstrators caravan to the station, festoon it with the flowers and bail out the arrested men.[42]
  • November 24 – Craig Rodwell opens the first bookstore devoted to gay and lesbian authors in the United States, the Oscar Wilde Memorial Bookshop.[43][44]

1968 Edit

1969 Edit

  • Paragraph 175 eased in West Germany.[46][45]
  • Paul Goodman publishes "The Politics of Being Queer".
  • March – California state assemblyman Willie Brown starts an annual tradition of introducing legislation to repeal the state's sodomy law. He would finally succeed in 1975.[47]
  • April – When gay activist and journalist Gale Whittington is fired by the States Steamship Company after coming out in print, a small group of activists operating under the name "Committee for Homosexual Freedom" (CHF) pickets the company's San Francisco offices every workday between noon and 1:00 for several weeks.[48]
  • May 14 – Canada decriminalizes homosexual acts between consenting adults with the passage of the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1968-69.[49]
  • May 18 – Fight Repression of Erotic Expression (FREE), later to be called the Queer Student Cultural Center, is formed at the University of Minnesota in the United States. It is the first gay and lesbian organization in the state, and is one of the first gay and lesbian college student-led groups in the country, the first being the Student Homophile League at Columbia, founded in 1967.
  • May 21 – The Committee for Homosexual Freedom pickets a Tower Records store for several weeks following the firing of an employee believed to be gay. The employee is re-hired.[50]
  • May 21 – In South Africa, the Immorality Amendment Act, 1969 introduces Section 20A, the infamous "men at a party" clause, which criminalised all sexual acts committed between men "at a party", where "party" is defined as any occasion where more than two people are present. The amendment also raised the age of consent for male homosexual activity from 16 to 19, although "sodomy" and "unnatural acts" were already criminal.[51]
  • June 28 – The Stonewall riots in New York City mark the start of the modern gay rights movement.[52][53] Rioting breaks out sporadically over the next several days.
  • July 1
  • July 2 - A demonstration is held outside the Greenwich Village offices of The Village Voice newspaper, in protest of their seemingly condescending and homophobic account of the riots.
  • July 4 - The final ECHO-organized Annual Reminder is held in Philadelphia.
  • July 8 - Connecticut Governor John Dempsey (D) signs into law a set of revisions to the state penal code, one of which is a repeal of the state's sodomy law. The revisions are scheduled to enter into effect on October 1, 1971.
  • July 9 - The Mattachine Society of New York hosts a "Homosexual Liberation Meeting" at the Freedom House in Midtown Manhattan. Over 100 attend.
  • July 16 - The Mattachine Society of New York hosts another organizing meeting, which over 200 attend. During the course of the meeting, approximately 40 participants walk out in dissatisfaction over chapter president Dick Leitsch's handling of the post-Stonewall political energy.
  • July 24 – The Gay Liberation Front (GLF), a radical leftist group addressing not only gay rights but other left-wing causes, forms in New York City.[56] Over the next few years dozens of local GLF chapters would form across the country.[57]
  • August – Canada decriminalizes consensual sex between adults.[58]
  • August 5 – The Lonesome Cowboys police raid in Atlanta occurs.
  • October 31
    • Sixty members of the Gay Liberation Front (GLF) and the Committee for Homosexual Freedom (CHF) staged a protest outside the offices of the San Francisco Examiner in response to a series of news articles disparaging LGBT people in San Francisco's gay bars and clubs. Examiner employees dumped a bag of printers' ink from the third story window of the newspaper building onto the crowd. The protestors then used the ink to stamp purple hand prints as well as scrawling "Gay Power" and other slogans on the side of the building.[59][60]
    • Time magazine runs a cover story entitled, "The Homosexual: Newly Visible, Newly Understood".[61] The author, Christopher Cory, presented a "case for greater tolerance of homosexuals" yet "emphasized the effeminate side of homosexuality to the exclusion of everyone else," resulting in a protest at the Time-Life Building on November 12, 1969.[62]
  • November 2 - The Eastern Regional Conference of Homophile Organizations votes at its convention to abandon the Annual Reminder demonstration in Philadelphia in favor of an event to commemorate the Stonewall Riots. This proposed event would eventually blossom into the first Christopher Street Liberation Day, held on June 28, 1970.
  • December 21 – Ten to fifteen members of the New York City chapter of Gay Liberation Front break away to form Gay Activists Alliance to focus exclusively on gay rights issues.[63]
  • December 28 – The Los Angeles chapter of Gay Liberation Front announces plans to establish Stonewall Nation, the world's first legally recognized gay village, by moving several hundred gay people to Alpine County, California, recalling the county government and electing an all-gay slate.[64] After a brief flurry of national attention, GLF announces that the plan is off.[65]

See also Edit

Notes Edit

  1. ^ Katz, p. 119
  2. ^ Miller, p. 392
  3. ^ Murdoch and Price, pp. 59—60
  4. ^ a b "The History of Sodomy Laws in the United States - Illinois". Glapn.org. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
  5. ^ Alwood, p. 41
  6. ^ Miller (1995), p. 347
  7. ^ Slotnik, Daniel E (August 23, 2013). "Jose Sarria, Gay Advocate and Performer, Dies at 90". The New York Times. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
  8. ^ Shilts, p. 56—7
  9. ^ Peacock, Kent W. (2016). "Race, the Homosexual, and the Mattachine Society of Washington, 1961–1970". Journal of the History of Sexuality. 25 (2): 267–296. doi:10.7560/JHS25203. ISSN 1535-3605. S2CID 163938948.
  10. ^ Chibbaro, Lou (November 10, 2011). "Mattachine founded 50 years ago". Washington Blade. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
  11. ^ MANual Enterprises v. Day, 370 US 478 (Supreme Court of the United States 1962-06-25).
  12. ^ a b Gorman p. 150
  13. ^ a b Campbell, p. xvii
  14. ^ Miller, p. 348
  15. ^ Loughery, p. 270
  16. ^ Bianco, p. 167
  17. ^ Stein, Marc (2005-05-09). . History News Network. Archived from the original on 24 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-09.
  18. ^ Fletcher, p. 68
  19. ^ Scott v. Macy, 349 F. 2nd 182 (1965).
  20. ^ Marks Ridinger, p. 130
  21. ^ Gallo, p. 114
  22. ^ Tobin and Wicker, p. 104
  23. ^ Gevisser, pp. 30–36
  24. ^ West, pp. 23–26
  25. ^ . Time. 1966-01-21. Archived from the original on 19 June 2010.
  26. ^ Bianco, p. 175
  27. ^ Eisenbach, pp. 46–47
  28. ^ Fletcher, p. 42
  29. ^ Slater, Don (May 1966). . Tangents. Archived from the original on 2007-10-20. Retrieved 2009-06-09.
  30. ^ Timmons, p. 221
  31. ^ a b Carter, p. 109
  32. ^ Alwood, p. 62
  33. ^ CBC Radio-Canada Archives: Trudeau's Omnibus Bill Archived 2007-09-16 at archive.today
  34. ^ The Los Angeles Advocate, Vol. 1, No. 4, December 1967
  35. ^ Witt et al., p. 210
  36. ^ Kepner, Jim 2011-05-25 at the Wayback Machine on glbtq.com
  37. ^ Katz, p. 128
  38. ^ Teal, p. 25
  39. ^ Besen, p. 128
  40. ^ Fletcher, p. 67
  41. ^ "Sexual Offences Act 1967". UK Parliament. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
  42. ^ Clendinen and Nagourney, p. 180
  43. ^ Tobin, pg. 65
  44. ^ "Oscar Wilde Memorial Bookshop". NYC LGBT Historic Sites Project. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
  45. ^ a b "Paragraph 175 And The Nazi Campaign Against Homosexuality". Holocaust Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
  46. ^ Pieper, Oliver; Goebel, Nicole (June 11, 2019). "Germany's 'Gay' Paragraph 175 Abolished 25 Years Ago". DW. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
  47. ^ Clendinen, Dudley; Nagourney, Adam (2013-07-30). Out For Good: The Struggle to Build a Gay Rights Movement in Ame - Dudley Clendinen, Adam Nagourney - Google Books. ISBN 9781476740713. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
  48. ^ Stryker and Van Buskirk, p. 53
  49. ^ Levy, Ron (November 26, 2019). "The 1969 Amendment and the (De)criminalization of Homosexuality". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
  50. ^ Murray, p. 61
  51. ^ West, p. 25
  52. ^ Duberman, p. xi
  53. ^ Bianco, p. 194
  54. ^ "Remembering the Stonewall Inn riots 50 years ago that spurred the gay rights movement". Penn Live Patriot News. June 26, 2019. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  55. ^ Norton v. Macy, 21625 (United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit July 1, 1969).
  56. ^ Teal, pp. 19—20
  57. ^ Gross, p. 42
  58. ^ Miller, p. 288
  59. ^ LGBT symbols#Purple hand
  60. ^ "Professor Stein Recalls 1969 'Purple Hands' Protest in San Francisco". San Francisco State University. October 31, 2019. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
  61. ^ "The Homosexual: Newly Visible, Newly Understood". Time.com. 1969-10-31. Archived from the original on September 12, 2012. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
  62. ^ Alwood, pg. 97
  63. ^ Teal, p. 110
  64. ^ Teal, pp. 292–93
  65. ^ Bianco, p. 211

References Edit

  • Alwood, Edward (1996). Straight News: Gays, Lesbians, and the News Media. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-08437-4.
  • Besen, Wayne R. (2003). Anything But Straight: Unmasking the Scandals and Lies Behind the Ex-gay Myth. Haworth Press. ISBN 1-56023-446-6.
  • Bianco, David (1999). Gay Essentials: Facts For Your Queer Brain. Los Angeles, Alyson Books. ISBN 1-55583-508-2.
  • Campbell, J. Louis (2007). Jack Nichols, Gay Pioneer: "Have You Heard My Message?". Haworth Press. ISBN 1-56023-653-1.
  • Carter, David (2005). Stonewall: The Riots That Sparked the Gay Revolution. Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-34269-1.
  • Cleninden, Dudley and Adam Nagourney (1999). Out For Good: The Struggle to Build a Gay Rights Movement in America. New York, Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-81091-3.
  • Duberman, Martin (1993). Stonewall. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-525-93602-5.
  • Eisenbach, David (2006). Gay Power: An American Revolution. Carroll & Graf Publishers. ISBN 0-7867-1633-9.
  • Fletcher, Lynne Yamaguchi (1992). The First Gay Pope and Other Records. Boston, Alyson Publications. ISBN 1-55583-206-7.
  • Gallo, Marcia M. (2006). Different Daughters: A History of the Daughters of Bilitis and the Rise of the Lesbian Rights Movement. Carroll & Graf Publishers. ISBN 0-7867-1634-7.
  • Gevisser, Mark and Edwin Cameron (1995) Defiant Desire: Gay and Lesbian Lives in South Africa. New York, Routledge. ISBN 0-415-91061-7.
  • Gorman, Micael R. (1998). The Empress is a Man: Stories From the Life of José Sarria. New York, Harrington Park Press: an imprint of Haworth Press. ISBN 0-7890-0259-0 (paperback edition).
  • Gross, Larry P. (2001). Up from Invisibility: Lesbians, Gay Men, and the Media in America. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-11952-6.
  • Katz, Jonathan Ned (1976). Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A. New York, Harper Colophon Books. ISBN 0-06-091211-1 (paperback edition).
  • Loughery, John (1998). The Other Side of Silence – Men's Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History. New York, Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 0-8050-3896-5.
  • Marks Ridinger, Robert B. (2004). Speaking For Our Lives: Historic Speeches and Rhetoric for Gay and Lesbian Rights (1892–2000). Haworth Press. ISBN 1-56023-175-0.
  • Murdoch, Joyce and Deb Price (2001). Courting Justice: Gay Men and Lesbians v. the Supreme Court. New York, Basic Books, a member of the Perseus Books Group. ISBN 0-465-01513-1.
  • Murray, Stephen O. (1996). American Gay. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-55191-1.
  • Miller, Neil (1995). Out of the Past: Gay and Lesbian History from 1869 to the Present. New York, Vintage Books. ISBN 0-09-957691-0.
  • Shilts, Randy (1982). The Mayor of Castro Street. New York, St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-52331-9.
  • Stryker, Susan and Jim Van Buskirk, with foreword by Armisted Maupin (1996). Gay by the Bay: A History of Queer Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area. San Francisco, Chronicle Press. ISBN 0-8118-1187-5.
  • Teal, Donn (1971, reissued 1995). The Gay Militants: How Gay Liberation Began in America, 1969–1971. New York, St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-11279-3 (1995 edition).
  • Timmons, Stuart (1990). The Trouble With Harry Hay. Boston, Alyson Publications. ISBN 1-55583-175-3.
  • Tobin, Kay and Randy Wicker (1972). The Gay Crusaders. New York, Paperback Library, a division of Coronet Communications. ISBN 0-446-66691-2.
  • West, Donald J. and Richard Green (eds.) (1997). Sociolegal Control of Homosexuality: A Multi-Nation Comparison. New York, Plenum Press. ISBN 0-306-45532-3.
  • Witt, Lynn, Sherry Thomas and Eric Marcus (eds.) (1995). Out in All Directions: The Almanac of Gay and Lesbian America. New York, Warner Books. ISBN 0-446-67237-8.

External links Edit

1960s, lgbt, rights, this, list, notable, events, history, lgbt, rights, that, took, place, 1960s, list, years, lgbt, rights, table, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, a. This is a list of notable events in the history of LGBT rights that took place in the 1960s List of years in LGBT rights table 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 Art Archaeology Architecture Literature Music Philosophy Science Contents 1 Events during this period 1 1 1960 1 2 1961 1 3 1962 1 4 1963 1 5 1964 1 6 1965 1 7 1966 1 8 1967 1 9 1968 1 10 1969 2 See also 3 Notes 4 References 5 External linksEvents during this period Edit1960 Edit January 20 The United States Court of Federal Claims overturns the Other Than Honorable discharge issued by the United States Air Force to Fannie Mae Clackum for her alleged homosexuality This is the first known instance of a homosexuality related discharge being successfully fought although the case turned on due process issues and did not affect the military s policy of excluding homosexuals from service This was an amazing relief to those who were homosexual 1 June The National Assembly of France passes the Mirguet Amendment which declares homosexuality along with alcoholism and prostitution a social scourge and urges the government to take action against it 2 1961 Edit March 20 The United States Supreme Court denies certiorari to Frank Kameny s petition to review the legality of his firing by the United States Army s Map Service in 1957 bringing his four year legal battle to a close 3 July 28 Illinois Governor Otto Kerner D signs Laws of Illinois 1961 a set of revisions to the state s legal code which include repeal of Illinois sodomy law 4 September 11 KQED in San Francisco broadcasts The Rejected the first made for television documentary about homosexuality on American television 5 November 7 Jose Sarria the first known openly gay candidate for political office in the world shocks political observers by garnering nearly 6 000 votes in his bid for a seat on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors 6 7 This feat marked the beginning of the notion that gays could represent a powerful voting bloc 8 November 15 After three months of preliminary meetings Frank Kameny and Jack Nichols formally found the Mattachine Society of Washington D C 9 10 1962 Edit After a gayola scandal in which police officers demanded payoffs from gay bar owners officer Elliott Blackstone is designated by San Francisco Police Department as the department s first liaison officer to the homophile community a position which is today replicated in various police departments as an LGBT liaison officer and an early example of community policing The first LGBTQ business association the Tavern Guild is formed by gay bar owners in San Francisco January 1 Illinois new criminal code goes into effect making it the first state in the United States to strike down sodomy laws 4 June 25 The United States Supreme Court rules in MANual Enterprises v Day that photographs of nude or semi nude men designed to appeal to homosexuals are not obscene and may be sent through the mail 11 1963 Edit January East Coast Homophile Organizations ECHO is established in Philadelphia initial members include the regional chapters of Daughters of Bilitis Janus Society and Mattachine Society October 30 Following a 15 year campaign to close it down the California Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control revokes the liquor license of the Black Cat Bar a focus of early gay activism in the San Francisco Bay Area 12 1964 Edit February The Black Cat Bar having struggled for several months to survive without liquor sales closes permanently 12 April 25 The Fun Lounge police raid near Chicago resulted in 109 arrests and led to the creation of Mattachine Midwest a gay rights organization modeled after the Mattachine Society September 19 A small group pickets the Whitehall Street Induction Center in New York City after the confidentiality of gay men s draft records was violated This action has been identified as the first gay rights demonstration in the United States 13 December 2 Four gay men and lesbians picket a New York City lecture by a psychoanalyst espousing the model of homosexuality as a mental illness The demonstrators are given ten minutes to make a rebuttal 13 1965 Edit January 1 San Francisco police arrest gay and lesbian party goers at a fund raising ball for the Council on Religion and the Homosexual held at California Hall an event which galvanizes the local gay and lesbian community 14 April 17 Ten gay and lesbian demonstrators picket the White House in Washington D C the first in a series of demonstrations staged this year by the East Coast Homophile Organization ECHO 15 April 18 Twenty nine ECHO demonstrators picket the United Nations in New York City 16 April 25 An estimated 150 people participate in a sit in when the manager of Dewey s restaurant in Philadelphia Pennsylvania refused service to several people he thought looked gay Four people are arrested including homophile rights leader Clark Polak of Philadelphia s Janus Society All four are convicted of disorderly conduct Members of the society also leaflet outside the restaurant the following week and negotiate with the owners to bring an end to the denial of service 17 May 29 Ten men and three women participate in an ECHO picket of the White House 18 June 16 The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit rules in Scott v Macy that the United States Civil Service Commission may not rely on a determination of immoral conduct based only on such vague labels as homosexual and homosexual conduct as a ground for disqualifying applicants for federal employment 19 July 4 ECHO pickets Independence Hall in Philadelphia on Independence Day This is the first in a series of actions called the Annual Reminder held each July 4 through 1969 20 September 26 Thirty people picket Grace Cathedral to protest punitive actions taken against Rev Canon Robert Cromey for his involvement in the Council on Religion and the Homosexual an alliance between LGBT people and religious leaders 21 October 23 Thirty five ECHO demonstrators picket the White House The last White House picket demonstrators felt with this event that picketing the White House had lost its effectiveness as a tactic 22 1966 Edit January The South African Police raid a gay party attended by about 300 people in Forest Town a suburb of Johannesburg This attracts much public and political attention leading in 1969 to an extension of the criminalization of male homosexuality 23 24 January 21 Time magazine publishes an unsigned two page article The Homosexual in America The article includes statements such as Homosexuality is a pathetic little second rate substitute for reality a pitiable flight from life it deserves no encouragement no pretense that it is anything but a pernicious sickness 25 February 18 The first meeting of the coalition of gay rights groups that will become the North American Conference of Homophile Organizations takes place in Kansas City Missouri 26 April 21 Activists stage a sip in at Julius a bar in New York City challenging a state Liquor Authority regulation prohibiting serving alcohol to homosexuals on the basis that they are disorderly Although the resultant complaint to the Liquor Authority results in no action the city s human rights commission declares that such discrimination could not continue 27 May 21 A coalition of homophile organizations across the country organizes simultaneous demonstrations for Armed Forces Day The Los Angeles group holds a 15 car motorcade which has been identified as the nation s first gay pride parade 28 and activists hold pickets in the other cities 29 30 July 18 Around 25 people picket Compton s Cafeteria in San Francisco when new management begins using Pinkerton agents and police to harass gay and transgender customers 31 August Gay and transgender customers riot at Compton s in response to continued police harassment The restaurant and the surrounding neighborhood sustain heavy damage The following night demonstrators throw up another picket line which quickly descends into new violence and damage to the restaurant 31 September The Chicago chapter of the Mattachine Society pickets the Chicago Tribune and the Chicago Sun Times for routinely ignoring press material and refusing advertising from the organization 32 1967 Edit The book Homosexual Behavior Among Males A Cross Cultural and Cross Species Investigation by Wainwright Churchill III breaks ground as a scientific study approaching homosexuality as a fact of life rather than as a sin crime or disease and introduces the term homoerotophobia a possible precursor to homophobia Pierre Trudeau then Canada s Minister of Justice introduces an Omnibus Bill to overhaul Canada s criminal laws which includes decriminalizing homosexual acts Trudeau tells reporters There s no place for the state in the bedrooms of the nation and What s done in private between two consenting adults doesn t concern the Criminal Code 33 After 18 months of debate the bill becomes law in 1969 January 1 In the first hour of the new year a raid occurs at the Black Cat Tavern in the Silverlake area near Los Angeles 34 Several hundred people spontaneously demonstrate on Sunset Boulevard and picket outside the Black Cat 35 fueling the formation of gay rights groups in California 36 January 16 The Louisiana Supreme Court rules that the state s statutory ban on unnatural carnal copulation applies to women engaged in oral sex with other women 37 February 11 In a follow up action to the Black Cat demonstration around 40 picketers demonstrate in front of the Black Cat in coordination with hippies and other counterculture groups who had been targeted by police for harassment and violence 38 March 7 CBS airs The Homosexuals an episode of CBS Reports This first ever national television broadcast on the subject of homosexuality has been described as the single most destructive hour of antigay propaganda in our nation s history 39 April 23 The Student Homophile League of Columbia University pickets and disrupts a panel of psychiatrists discussing homosexuality 40 July 27 The Sexual Offences Act 1967 receives royal assent from Elizabeth II decriminalizing private homosexual acts in England and Wales The age of consent for homosexual acts is set at 21 compared to 16 for heterosexual acts 41 August Following the arrest of two patrons at the Los Angeles gay bar The Patch owner Lee Glaze organizes the other patrons to move on the police station After buying out a nearby flower shop the demonstrators caravan to the station festoon it with the flowers and bail out the arrested men 42 November 24 Craig Rodwell opens the first bookstore devoted to gay and lesbian authors in the United States the Oscar Wilde Memorial Bookshop 43 44 1968 Edit Paragraph 175 is eased in East Germany 45 July 17 The Wall Street Journal publishes an article entitled U S Homosexuals Gain in Trying to Persuade Society to Accept Them 1969 Edit Paragraph 175 eased in West Germany 46 45 Paul Goodman publishes The Politics of Being Queer March California state assemblyman Willie Brown starts an annual tradition of introducing legislation to repeal the state s sodomy law He would finally succeed in 1975 47 April When gay activist and journalist Gale Whittington is fired by the States Steamship Company after coming out in print a small group of activists operating under the name Committee for Homosexual Freedom CHF pickets the company s San Francisco offices every workday between noon and 1 00 for several weeks 48 May 14 Canada decriminalizes homosexual acts between consenting adults with the passage of the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1968 69 49 May 18 Fight Repression of Erotic Expression FREE later to be called the Queer Student Cultural Center is formed at the University of Minnesota in the United States It is the first gay and lesbian organization in the state and is one of the first gay and lesbian college student led groups in the country the first being the Student Homophile League at Columbia founded in 1967 May 21 The Committee for Homosexual Freedom pickets a Tower Records store for several weeks following the firing of an employee believed to be gay The employee is re hired 50 May 21 In South Africa the Immorality Amendment Act 1969 introduces Section 20A the infamous men at a party clause which criminalised all sexual acts committed between men at a party where party is defined as any occasion where more than two people are present The amendment also raised the age of consent for male homosexual activity from 16 to 19 although sodomy and unnatural acts were already criminal 51 June 28 The Stonewall riots in New York City mark the start of the modern gay rights movement 52 53 Rioting breaks out sporadically over the next several days July 1 Stonewall becomes center for gathering LGBTQ advocates 54 In Norton v Macy the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit rules that the termination of a National Aeronautics and Space Administration employee for immoral conduct relating to his alleged homosexual conduct was unlawful 55 July 2 A demonstration is held outside the Greenwich Village offices of The Village Voice newspaper in protest of their seemingly condescending and homophobic account of the riots July 4 The final ECHO organized Annual Reminder is held in Philadelphia July 8 Connecticut Governor John Dempsey D signs into law a set of revisions to the state penal code one of which is a repeal of the state s sodomy law The revisions are scheduled to enter into effect on October 1 1971 July 9 The Mattachine Society of New York hosts a Homosexual Liberation Meeting at the Freedom House in Midtown Manhattan Over 100 attend July 16 The Mattachine Society of New York hosts another organizing meeting which over 200 attend During the course of the meeting approximately 40 participants walk out in dissatisfaction over chapter president Dick Leitsch s handling of the post Stonewall political energy July 24 The Gay Liberation Front GLF a radical leftist group addressing not only gay rights but other left wing causes forms in New York City 56 Over the next few years dozens of local GLF chapters would form across the country 57 August Canada decriminalizes consensual sex between adults 58 August 5 The Lonesome Cowboys police raid in Atlanta occurs October 31 Sixty members of the Gay Liberation Front GLF and the Committee for Homosexual Freedom CHF staged a protest outside the offices of the San Francisco Examiner in response to a series of news articles disparaging LGBT people in San Francisco s gay bars and clubs Examiner employees dumped a bag of printers ink from the third story window of the newspaper building onto the crowd The protestors then used the ink to stamp purple hand prints as well as scrawling Gay Power and other slogans on the side of the building 59 60 Time magazine runs a cover story entitled The Homosexual Newly Visible Newly Understood 61 The author Christopher Cory presented a case for greater tolerance of homosexuals yet emphasized the effeminate side of homosexuality to the exclusion of everyone else resulting in a protest at the Time Life Building on November 12 1969 62 November 2 The Eastern Regional Conference of Homophile Organizations votes at its convention to abandon the Annual Reminder demonstration in Philadelphia in favor of an event to commemorate the Stonewall Riots This proposed event would eventually blossom into the first Christopher Street Liberation Day held on June 28 1970 December 21 Ten to fifteen members of the New York City chapter of Gay Liberation Front break away to form Gay Activists Alliance to focus exclusively on gay rights issues 63 December 28 The Los Angeles chapter of Gay Liberation Front announces plans to establish Stonewall Nation the world s first legally recognized gay village by moving several hundred gay people to Alpine County California recalling the county government and electing an all gay slate 64 After a brief flurry of national attention GLF announces that the plan is off 65 See also Edit LGBT portalTimeline of LGBT history timeline of events from 12 000 BCE to present LGBT rights by country or territory current legal status around the world LGBT social movementsNotes Edit Katz p 119 Miller p 392 Murdoch and Price pp 59 60 a b The History of Sodomy Laws in the United States Illinois Glapn org Retrieved 2018 01 08 Alwood p 41 Miller 1995 p 347 Slotnik Daniel E August 23 2013 Jose Sarria Gay Advocate and Performer Dies at 90 The New York Times Retrieved September 4 2021 Shilts p 56 7 Peacock Kent W 2016 Race the Homosexual and the Mattachine Society of Washington 1961 1970 Journal of the History of Sexuality 25 2 267 296 doi 10 7560 JHS25203 ISSN 1535 3605 S2CID 163938948 Chibbaro Lou November 10 2011 Mattachine founded 50 years ago Washington Blade Retrieved September 4 2021 MANual Enterprises v Day 370 US 478 Supreme Court of the United States 1962 06 25 a b Gorman p 150 a b Campbell p xvii Miller p 348 Loughery p 270 Bianco p 167 Stein Marc 2005 05 09 The First Gay Sit In History News Network Archived from the original on 24 June 2009 Retrieved 2009 06 09 Fletcher p 68 Scott v Macy 349 F 2nd 182 1965 Marks Ridinger p 130 Gallo p 114 Tobin and Wicker p 104 Gevisser pp 30 36 West pp 23 26 Essay The Homosexual In America Time 1966 01 21 Archived from the original on 19 June 2010 Bianco p 175 Eisenbach pp 46 47 Fletcher p 42 Slater Don May 1966 Protest on Wheels Tangents Archived from the original on 2007 10 20 Retrieved 2009 06 09 Timmons p 221 a b Carter p 109 Alwood p 62 CBC Radio Canada Archives Trudeau s Omnibus Bill Archived 2007 09 16 at archive today The Los Angeles Advocate Vol 1 No 4 December 1967 Witt et al p 210 Kepner Jim Archived 2011 05 25 at the Wayback Machine on glbtq com Katz p 128 Teal p 25 Besen p 128 Fletcher p 67 Sexual Offences Act 1967 UK Parliament Retrieved September 4 2021 Clendinen and Nagourney p 180 Tobin pg 65 Oscar Wilde Memorial Bookshop NYC LGBT Historic Sites Project Retrieved September 4 2021 a b Paragraph 175 And The Nazi Campaign Against Homosexuality Holocaust Encyclopedia Retrieved September 4 2021 Pieper Oliver Goebel Nicole June 11 2019 Germany s Gay Paragraph 175 Abolished 25 Years Ago DW Retrieved September 4 2021 Clendinen Dudley Nagourney Adam 2013 07 30 Out For Good The Struggle to Build a Gay Rights Movement in Ame Dudley Clendinen Adam Nagourney Google Books ISBN 9781476740713 Retrieved 2018 01 08 Stryker and Van Buskirk p 53 Levy Ron November 26 2019 The 1969 Amendment and the De criminalization of Homosexuality The Canadian Encyclopedia Retrieved September 4 2021 Murray p 61 West p 25 Duberman p xi Bianco p 194 Remembering the Stonewall Inn riots 50 years ago that spurred the gay rights movement Penn Live Patriot News June 26 2019 Retrieved March 4 2021 Norton v Macy 21625 United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit July 1 1969 Teal pp 19 20 Gross p 42 Miller p 288 LGBT symbols Purple hand Professor Stein Recalls 1969 Purple Hands Protest in San Francisco San Francisco State University October 31 2019 Retrieved September 4 2021 The Homosexual Newly Visible Newly Understood Time com 1969 10 31 Archived from the original on September 12 2012 Retrieved 2018 01 08 Alwood pg 97 Teal p 110 Teal pp 292 93 Bianco p 211References EditAlwood Edward 1996 Straight News Gays Lesbians and the News Media Columbia University Press ISBN 0 231 08437 4 Besen Wayne R 2003 Anything But Straight Unmasking the Scandals and Lies Behind the Ex gay Myth Haworth Press ISBN 1 56023 446 6 Bianco David 1999 Gay Essentials Facts For Your Queer Brain Los Angeles Alyson Books ISBN 1 55583 508 2 Campbell J Louis 2007 Jack Nichols Gay Pioneer Have You Heard My Message Haworth Press ISBN 1 56023 653 1 Carter David 2005 Stonewall The Riots That Sparked the Gay Revolution Macmillan ISBN 0 312 34269 1 Cleninden Dudley and Adam Nagourney 1999 Out For Good The Struggle to Build a Gay Rights Movement in America New York Simon amp Schuster ISBN 0 684 81091 3 Duberman Martin 1993 Stonewall Penguin Books ISBN 0 525 93602 5 Eisenbach David 2006 Gay Power An American Revolution Carroll amp Graf Publishers ISBN 0 7867 1633 9 Fletcher Lynne Yamaguchi 1992 The First Gay Pope and Other Records Boston Alyson Publications ISBN 1 55583 206 7 Gallo Marcia M 2006 Different Daughters A History of the Daughters of Bilitis and the Rise of the Lesbian Rights Movement Carroll amp Graf Publishers ISBN 0 7867 1634 7 Gevisser Mark and Edwin Cameron 1995 Defiant Desire Gay and Lesbian Lives in South Africa New York Routledge ISBN 0 415 91061 7 Gorman Micael R 1998 The Empress is a Man Stories From the Life of Jose Sarria New York Harrington Park Press an imprint of Haworth Press ISBN 0 7890 0259 0 paperback edition Gross Larry P 2001 Up from Invisibility Lesbians Gay Men and the Media in America Columbia University Press ISBN 0 231 11952 6 Katz Jonathan Ned 1976 Gay American History Lesbians and Gay Men in the U S A New York Harper Colophon Books ISBN 0 06 091211 1 paperback edition Loughery John 1998 The Other Side of Silence Men s Lives and Gay Identities A Twentieth Century History New York Henry Holt and Company ISBN 0 8050 3896 5 Marks Ridinger Robert B 2004 Speaking For Our Lives Historic Speeches and Rhetoric for Gay and Lesbian Rights 1892 2000 Haworth Press ISBN 1 56023 175 0 Murdoch Joyce and Deb Price 2001 Courting Justice Gay Men and Lesbians v the Supreme Court New York Basic Books a member of the Perseus Books Group ISBN 0 465 01513 1 Murray Stephen O 1996 American Gay Chicago University of Chicago Press ISBN 0 226 55191 1 Miller Neil 1995 Out of the Past Gay and Lesbian History from 1869 to the Present New York Vintage Books ISBN 0 09 957691 0 Shilts Randy 1982 The Mayor of Castro Street New York St Martin s Press ISBN 0 312 52331 9 Stryker Susan and Jim Van Buskirk with foreword by Armisted Maupin 1996 Gay by the Bay A History of Queer Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area San Francisco Chronicle Press ISBN 0 8118 1187 5 Teal Donn 1971 reissued 1995 The Gay Militants How Gay Liberation Began in America 1969 1971 New York St Martin s Press ISBN 0 312 11279 3 1995 edition Timmons Stuart 1990 The Trouble With Harry Hay Boston Alyson Publications ISBN 1 55583 175 3 Tobin Kay and Randy Wicker 1972 The Gay Crusaders New York Paperback Library a division of Coronet Communications ISBN 0 446 66691 2 West Donald J and Richard Green eds 1997 Sociolegal Control of Homosexuality A Multi Nation Comparison New York Plenum Press ISBN 0 306 45532 3 Witt Lynn Sherry Thomas and Eric Marcus eds 1995 Out in All Directions The Almanac of Gay and Lesbian America New York Warner Books ISBN 0 446 67237 8 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to LGBT history in the 1960s Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1960s in LGBT rights amp oldid 1164307759 1961, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, 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