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African Union Mission to Somalia

March 16, 2024

The African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) was a regional peacekeeping mission operated by the African Union with the approval of the United Nations Security Council. It was mandated to support transitional governmental structures, implement a national security plan, train the Somali security forces, and to assist in creating a secure environment for the delivery of humanitarian aid.[1] As part of its duties, AMISOM supported the Federal Government of Somalia's forces in their battle against Al-Shabaab militants.[2]

African Union Mission in Somalia
Map of Somalia
LeadersFrancisco Caetano Jose Madeira (Mission Head); Simon Mulongo (Deputy Head of Mission); Lt. Gen. Tigabu Yilma Wondlmhunean (Force Commander); AIGP Augustine Magnus Kailie (Police Commissioner).
Dates of operationMarch 2007 – 31 March 2022 (15 years, 25 days)
HeadquartersMogadishu
Active regionsCentral and southern Somalia
SizeApprox. 20,626[citation needed]
Allies Federal government of Somalia
Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a (2007–18)
Raskamboni movement
Opponentsal-Shabaab
ARS (2007–09)
Hizbul Islam (2009–14)
Al-Qaeda
Battles and warsSomali Civil War
Websiteamisom-au.org
Preceded by
IGASOM
Succeeded by
ATMIS

AMISOM was created by the African Union's Peace and Security Council on 19 January 2007 with an initial six-month mandate.[3] On 21 February 2007 the United Nations Security Council approved the mission's mandate.[4] Subsequent six-monthly renewals of AMISOM's mandate by the African Union Peace and Security Council have also been authorized by the United Nations Security Council.[5][6]

The duration of AMISOM's mandate had been extended in each period that it has been up for review, until it was replaced on April 1, 2022, by the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia.

On 21 December 2021, the United Nations Security Council reauthorized AMISOM in Somalia for three months. The new mandate ran until 31 March 2022, ahead of a phased handover of responsibilities to Somalia's security forces in early 2023.[7] The reauthorized mandate allows AMISOM to 'take all necessary measures to carry out its mandate, in full compliance with participating States' obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law and international human rights law, and in full respect of Somalia's sovereignty, territorial integrity, political independence.[8] AMISOM's mandate ended on 31 March 2022, and was replaced by the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia.[9]

Background edit

 
Burundian troops preparing to deploy to Somalia, 2006
Main article: Diplomatic and humanitarian efforts in the Somali Civil War

AMISOM replaced and subsumed the IGAD Peace Support Mission in Somalia (IGASOM), which was a proposed Intergovernmental Authority on Development protection and training mission to Somalia approved by the African Union on 14 September 2006.[10] IGASOM was also approved by the United Nations Security Council on 6 December 2006.[11]

IGASOM was originally proposed for immediate implementation in March 2005 to provide peacekeeping forces for the latest phase of the Somali Civil War.[12]

At that time, the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) had not yet taken control of Mogadishu, and most hopes for national unity lay with the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) which had organized in Nairobi, Kenya in 2004 and were planning to establish a provisional capital in Baidoa, Bay region, Somalia.

By May 2006, the situation was radically different, as the ICU had recently been engaged by the Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism or ARPCT and was fighting for control of Mogadishu in the Second Battle of Mogadishu. By June, they had established control of the capital. Fighting began to spread to other parts of the nation as the ICU gained ground.

Plans for IGASOM continued, though by July there were indications of opposition from the ICU, who saw the initiative as a US-backed, Western means to curb the growth of their Islamic movement.[13]

Until December 2006, the UN Security Council had imposed an arms embargo on the group,[14] but the embargo was partially lifted and a mandate for IGASOM issued on 6 December 2006 for six months.[15]

Authorisation edit

 
Ugandan AMISOM contingents in patrol

The African Union Peace and Security Council authorized AMISOM in January 2007, explicitly assuming that it would become a UN mission after six months.[16] On 21 February 2007, the United Nations Security Council authorized the AU to deploy a peacekeeping mission with a mandate of six months.[4] In March 2007, Ugandan soldiers arrived on the ground in Somalia.[17] On 20 August 2007, the United Nations Security Council extended the African Union's authorisation to continue deploying AMISOM for a further six months and requested the Secretary-General to explore the option of replacing AMISOM with a United Nations Peacekeeping Operation to Somalia.[5]

On 31 May 2019, the Security Council unanimously approved United Nations Security Council Resolution 2472, authorising Member States of the African Union to maintain the deployment of AMISOM until 31 May 2020, with a reduction of the number of troops to 19,626 by 28 February 2020.[18]

The Security Council decided, in a 29 May videoconference meeting, to reauthorize the deployment of African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) personnel for nine months, requiring them to support security in the lead-up to elections and to work towards the gradual hand-over of responsibility to Somali forces by 2021.[19]


Mission planning edit

Scope of the mission edit

 
An American officer inspecting troops from Sierra Leone prior to deployment to Somalia, 2012

IGASOM was expected to eventually reach 8,000 troops, with an expected cost of $335 million for the first year. According to UN Security Council Resolution 1725, states bordering Somalia would not be eligible to deploy troops under IGASOM. The remaining (non-bordering) IGAD member nations include Sudan, Eritrea, and Uganda. Because of the objection of the burden falling on these three nations alone (and the rivalry between Ethiopia and Eritrea), the mission was expanded to include other member states of the African Union.

AMISOM has a different composition. As proposed, it comprised an initial three battalions, growing to a total of nine battalions of 850 troops each, which would serve for an initial stabilization period of six months. The mission was to be modelled after the African Union Mission in Burundi (AMIB).[3]

ICU resistance edit

As early as 25 March 2005 Sheikh Hassan Dahir Aweys of the Union of Islamic Courts warned any peacekeepers would be unwelcome in the country. He was quoted by the BBC as saying, "We will fight fiercely to the death any intervention force that arrives in Somalia."[20] Yet at the time, the ICU was not the political or military force it was to become later.

Faced with the ascendancy of the ICU after taking over the capital in the Second Battle of Mogadishu between May and June, 2006, UN-watchers were growing concerned with the level of hostility of the ICU towards the proposed IGASOM mission.[13]

Though IGAD and the ICU met and published a cordial and formal communique[21] committing the ICU to the IGAD plans on 2 December, by the time United Nations Security Council Resolution 1725 was passed on 6 December,[11] the ICU was openly and militantly opposed to peacekeepers entering Somalia, and vowed to treat any peacekeepers as hostile forces. Because of regional divisions, there were also UIC resistance to allowing Ethiopian troops be part of the mission. Ethiopia, for its part, was leery of allowing Eritrean troops to be members of the IGAD peacekeeping force.

In the face of ICU threats, Uganda, the only IGAD members who had openly offered to send forces (a battalion), withdrew in the face of concerns of the present feasibility of the mission.[22][23][24] In Uganda's defense, the crisis does not allow for peacekeepers when there are active hostilities conducted with heavy weapons (see Battle of Baidoa).

On 1 January 2007, after the defeat of the ICU in various battles in December 2006, Uganda again renewed its pledge of a battalion of troops. Between Uganda and Nigeria (which is a Member State of the African Union, but not of IGAD), there was a pledge of a total of 8,000 peacekeepers.[25] Ghana, Rwanda and Tanzania were reported to be considering sending forces.[26]

Gathering support edit

 
Burundian soldiers training before deployment to Somalia, 2012

Following the defeat of the Islamic Courts Union in December 2006 – January 2007 the international community began to gather both fiscal commitments as well as military forces for the mission. Nations of the African Union (AU) outside the IGAD community were drawn on to provide support.

On 17 January 2007, the US ambassador to Kenya, Michael Ranneberger, said the US pledged $40 million to support the deployment of a peacekeeping force for Somalia.[27] By 20 January, the European Union followed with a pledge of 15 million euros.[28]

On 19 January 2007 the mission was formally defined and approved by the African Union at the 69th meeting of the Peace and Security Council.[3]

On 22 January 2007 Malawi agreed to send a half-battalion to a battalion (ranging widely anywhere between approximately 400 to 1,200 troops) for a peacekeeping mission to Somalia.[29]

On 24 January 2007 Nigeria pledged a battalion (a force between 770 and 1,100 troops) to join the Somali peacekeeping mission.[30]

On 1 February 2007 Burundi committed to the peacekeeping mission, pledging up to 1,000 troops.[31] By 27 March, it was confirmed that 1700 Burundian peacekeepers would be sent to Somalia.[32]

On 2 February 2007, the United Nations Security Council welcomed the advent of the African Union and IGAD-led peacekeeping mission.[33]

On 5 February 2007 Tanzania offered to train Somali government troops, but not to deploy peacekeepers.[34]

On 9 February 2007 a gathering of 800 Somali demonstrators in north Mogadishu, where Islamist support was strongest, burned U.S., Ethiopian, and Ugandan flags in protest of the proposed peacekeeping mission. A masked representative of the resistance group, the Popular Resistance Movement in the Land of the Two Migrations, said Ethiopian troops would be attacked in their hotels; the same group had made a video warning peacekeepers to avoid coming to Somalia.[35] By this date, Uganda, Nigeria, Ghana, Malawi and Burundi had committed to the peacekeeping mission, but the total force was about half of the proposed 8,000-strong force.[36] Uganda had pledged 1,400 troops and some armored vehicles for a mission lasting up to 9 months, and the AU had pledged $11.6 million.[37]

On 16 February 2007 Uganda announced it would deploy 1,500 well-seasoned troops as early as Saturday, 17 February 2007 under the command of Major General Levi Karuhanga. Reportedly the troops had been training for two years in preparation for the mission.[38]

The Burundian troops were technically ready to go in early August 2007, but equipment promised by the United States and France had not yet arrived.[39] On 23 December 2007, an advance force of 100 Burundians was deployed and another 100 soldiers arrived on 2007-12-24.[40][41] By late 2008, 1,700 Burundian soldiers were deployed to Mogadishu.[42]

On July 28, 2009, the World Health Organization was notified that 21 AMISOM soldiers in Mogadishu had become sick, and three had died, with acute peripheral edema, difficulty in breathing, palpitations, and fever.[43] The WHO, together with the U.S. Center for Disease Control, AMISOM, and the Aga Khan University Hospital in Nairobi began an investigation. From April 26, 2009, to May 1, 2010, 241 AU soldiers had lower limb edema and at least one additional symptom; four patients died. At least 52 soldiers were airlifted to hospitals in Kenya and Uganda. Four of 31 hospitalized patients had right-sided heart failure with pulmonary hypertension. The illness was associated with exclusive consumption of food provided to troops (not eating locally acquired foods). Because the syndrome was clinically compatible with wet beriberi, thiamine was administered to affected soldiers, resulting in rapid and dramatic resolution.

Expanding role edit

 
AMISOM soldiers at the 2012 Female Peacekeepers' Conference

In a closed door meeting in Kampala on 22 July 2010, AU ministers agreed to expand the mission's mandate from a peacekeeping focus to a peace-enforcement focus that would engage al-Shabaab more directly. The decision came soon after deadly bomb attacks in the Ugandan capital.[44] A few days later in response to UN pressure, the AU agreed not to expand the mandate but did allow preemptive strikes against Al-Shabaab and promised more troops from other African countries.[45]

On 23 July 2010, Djibouti and Guinea pledged troops to AMISOM.[46] On 17 September 2010, an AU envoy said in Nairobi that AMISOM's size had grown from 6,300 to 7,200 troops after an additional battalion from Uganda joined the force.[47] In December 2010, the UN backed AMISOM in increasing the mission's authorized size to 12,000 – UN Security Council resolution 1964 of 22 December 2010 – and at the same time reports indicated that Uganda had promised an extra 1,800 personnel, with Burundi an extra 850.[48]

In March 2011 Burundi sent 1,000 extra soldiers to AMISOM, bringing the total number of Burundi troops deployed to 4,400.[49] AFP, reported in Africa Research Bulletin, said Burundian military chief General Godefroid Niyombare said on 14 March 2011 the soldiers had been deployed a week before.[50]

In February 2012, the U.N. Security Council boosted the number of troops deployed from 12,000 to 17,731. The approval comes after a series of recent successes against al-Shabaab fighters who had previous positions throughout the central and southern areas of the country.[51] During the same month, AU Commander Fred Mugisha suggested that Al-Shabaab was "at [its] weakest" and would likely "implode in the not so distant future" owing to successive military defeats that it suffered as well as an exodus toward the Arabian Peninsula of hundreds of the group's fighters.[52]

Due to the successful military operations against the Islamists, the United States has also been stepping up efforts to train and equip the AMISOM troops in a bid to stamp out the Al-Shabaab insurgency and limit its influence.[53]

In October 2011, the Kenya Defence Forces began Operation Linda Nchi, crossing the border into Somalia to attack Al-Shabaab.[54][55] On 12 November, the Kenyan government agreed to rehat its forces under AMISOM command,[56] and later announced in March 2012 that it would send 5,000 troops to join AMISOM.[56]

The East African reported in March 2012 on reorganisation of AMISOM's headquarters and sector commands. Personnel (J1) would be led by the AU, with Kenya taking responsibility for intelligence (J2) and logistics (J4), Uganda operations (J3) and engineer (J8), Burundi plans (J5) and communications/IS (J6), Sierra Leone training (J7), and Djibouti CIMIC (J9). There would also be four sectors: Uganda responsible for Sector One (the Shabelles and Banadir), Sector Two (the Jubbas) run by Kenya, Sector Three Burundi covering GEdo, Bay, and BAkool, and Sector from which Ethiopia forces were withdrawing from to be directed by Djibouti.[57]

 
Ethiopian soldiers under AMISOM, training for combat in Beletweyne District, July 2021

In November 2013, the Ethiopian government announced that it would integrate its troops that are deployed in Somalia into the AMISOM multinational force. Somalia's Foreign Minister Fowzia Haji Yussuf welcomed the decision, stating that the move would galvanize AMISOM's campaign against the insurgent group. She also emphasized the importance of collaboration between Somalia and Ethiopia.[58] The Ethiopian authorities' announcement came a month after a failed October bombing attempt by Al-Shabaab in the Ethiopian capital of Addis Ababa, and a week after Ethiopia received a renewed terrorism threat from the insurgent group.[59] According to Ethiopian Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson Ambassador Dina Mufti, the Ethiopian military's decision to join AMISOM is intended to render the peacekeeping operation more secure.[60] Analysts also suggested that the move was primarily motivated by financial considerations, with the Ethiopian forces' operational costs now slated to be under AMISOM's allowance budget. It is believed that the Ethiopian military's long experience in Somali territory, its equipment such as helicopters, and the potential for closer coordination will help the allied forces advance their territorial gains.[61] On the other hand, there is a certain amount of unease following Ethiopia's entry into AMISOM given local animosity originating from Ethiopia's heavy handed intervention in 2006. There are also fears that Al Shabaab could use Somali animosity towards Ethiopia as a rallying cry and to recruit more members.[62]

In December 2013, the U.S. government established a military coordination cell in Mogadishu at the request of AMISOM and the Somali government. The unit consists of a small team of fewer than five advisers, including planners and communicators between AMISOM and the Somali authorities. It is intended to provide consultative and planning support to the allied forces in order to enhance their capacity and to promote peace and security throughout the country and wider region.[63]

From June 2021 to March 2022, the EU and its allies reimbursed Kenya nearly Sh2.54 billion, in quarterly disbursements Sh811 million, for its continued military participation in AMISOM. The funding had slowly been decreasing since it began in October 2011, with each soldier taking home only around USD $800 (Sh92,800) in this final installment.[64]

Leadership and command edit

 
Ugandan troops training, 2012
 
An AU contingent pauses during combat operations against Al-Shabaab in Lower Shebelle.
 
Djiboutian Soldier patrol the base in Beledweyne, Somalia.

The Head of Mission was the Special Representative of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission to Somalia, or SRCC. On 7 October 2015, Francisco Caetano Jose Madeira, of Mozambique, was appointed to this position, replacing Maman Sambo Sidikou of Niger.[65]

Force Commanders edit

No. Name Nationality From To Note
1 Maj. Gen. Levi Karuhanga[66][67]   Uganda 14 February 2007 3 March 2008
2 Maj. Gen. Francis Okello   Uganda 3 March 2008 7 July 2009
3 Maj. Gen. Nathan Mugisha[68]   Uganda 7 July 2009 15 June 2011[69]
4 Maj. Gen. Fredrick Mugisha   Uganda 15 June 2011[69][70] 2 May 2012 [71]
5 Lt. Gen. Andrew Gutti[72]   Uganda 3 May 2012 16 December 2013[73]
6 Lt. Gen. Silas Ntigurirwa[74]   Burundi 16 December 2013 15 December 2014
7 Lt. Gen. Jonathon Kipkemoi Rono   Kenya December 2014 23 December 2015[75]
Maj. Gen. Nakibus Lakara   Uganda December 2015 Temporarily acting in role
Maj. Gen. Mohamedesha Zeyinu [76]   Ethiopia March 2016 Temporarily acting in role
8 Lt. Gen. Osman Noor Soubagleh [77]   Djibouti 18 July 2016 31 January 2018
9 Lt. Gen. Jim Beesigye Owoyesigire [78]   Uganda 31 January 2018 31 January 2019
10 Lt. Gen. Tigabu Yilma Wondimhunegn [79]   Ethiopia 31 January 2019 August 2020
11 Lt. Gen. Diomede Ndegeya[80]   Burundi August 2020 December 2021[81]

Deputy Force Commanders edit

No. Name Nationality From To Note
1 Maj. Gen. Juvenal Niyoyunguruza   Burundi December 2007 August 2009 Killed in suicide bomb blast at AMISOM headquarters on 17 September 2009.[82]
2 Maj. Gen. Cyprien Hakiza   Burundi August 2009 April 2010
3 Maj. Gen. Maurice Gateretse   Burundi April 2010 June 2010
4 Maj. Gen. Audace Nduwumunsi   Burundi June 2010
5a Maj. Gen. Salvatore Harushimana   Burundi Deputy Force Commander (Support)
5b Maj. Gen. Simon N. Karanja[83]   Kenya 9 April 2012 December 2013 Deputy Force Commander (Operations & Plans)
6a Maj. Gen. Francis Kimeu Nthenge[84]   Kenya 27 November 2013 September 2014 Deputy Force Commander (Support & Logistics)
6b Maj. Gen. Geoffrey Baraba Muheesi[85]   Uganda 27 November 2013 Deputy Force Commander (Operations & Plans)
7a Maj. Gen. Nakibus Lakara[86]   Uganda April 2015 28 October 2016 [87] but then remained until 10 April 2017[88] Deputy Force Commander (Logistical Support)
7b Maj. Gen. Mohammed Esha Zeyinu[89]   Ethiopia 30 September 2016[90] Deputy Force Commander (Operations & Plans)
8a Maj. Gen. Salvator Harushimana   Burundi 10 April 2017 Deputy Force Commander (Administration & Logistics)[88]
8b Maj. Gen. Abreha Tesfay[90]   Ethiopia 1 October 2016 Deputy Force Commander (Operations & Plans)
9a Maj. Gen. Maurice Gateretse   Burundi incumbent, December 2018 Deputy Force Commander (Support & Logistics)[91]
9b Maj. Gen. Charles Tai Gituai [92]   Kenya February 2018[93] February 2019 Deputy Force Commander (Operations & Plans)
10a Maj. Gen. George Owinow   Kenya incumbent, September 2020 Deputy Force Commander (Support & Logistics)[94]
10b Lt. Gen. James Nakibus Lakara   Uganda February 2019[95] Deputy Force Commander (Operations & Plans)
11a Maj. Gen. Gerbi Kebede Regassa   Ethiopia January 2021 December 2021[81] Deputy Force Commander (Support & Logistics)[96]
11b Maj. Gen. William Kitsao Shume   Kenya incumbent, March 2021[97] incumbent Deputy Force Commander (Operations & Plans)

Chiefs of Staff edit

No. Name Nationality From To Note
1 Col. Emmanuel Musinguzi[98]   Uganda 2007 ? Initially this position was that of Chief Administration Officer for AMISOM.
2 Col. Innocent Oula[99]   Uganda 2010? 2011?
3 Col. Simon Ocha   Uganda
4 Maj. Gen. Osman-Noor Soubagleh   Djibouti mid-2012 2013 The position was elevated to Force Chief of Staff in mid-2012, following the expansion of AMISOM through the inclusion of KDF forces.
5 Brig. Gen. Cyprien Ndikuriyo   Burundi 2014
6 Brig. Gen. Ayub Guantai Matiiri[100]   Kenya
7 Brig. Gen. Kittila Bulti Tadesse[101]   Ethiopia
8 Brig. Gen. Kabisa Domitien[102]   Burundi
9 Brig. Gen. Bob Paciesky Ogik   Uganda incumbent, May 2021[103]

Spokespersons edit

No. Name Nationality From To
1 Capt. Paddy Ankunda[104]   Uganda March 2007 February 2008
2 Maj. Barigye Ba-Hoku[105]   Uganda February 2008 3 May 2011
3 Lt. Col. Paddy Ankunda[106][107]   Uganda 3 May 2011 8 July 2012
4 Col. Ali Aden Houmed   Djibouti 8 July 2012 December 2014
5 Lt. Col. Paul Njuguna   Kenya 16 March 2015 April 2016?
6 Lt. Col. Joe Kibet[108]   Kenya April 2016 April 2017?
7 Lt. Col. Wilson Rono   Kenya April 2017 April 2018
8 Lt. Col. Richard Omwega   Kenya April 2018 incumbent

Force organisation edit

Sectors edit

 
Extent of AMISOM forces in Somalia.

On 15 October 2011 Kenyan forces crossed the border into Somalia to attack al-Shebaab. Subsequently UN Security Council resolution 2036 of 22 February 2012 authorized an increase in AMISOM troop numbers to 17,731 to incorporate the Kenyans.[109] This resolution took effect from mid-2012. At this time the initial Ugandan and Burundian AMISOM forces had been successful in largely clearing al-Shebaab militants from Mogadishu and the force was organized into new sectors.[110]

  • Sector 1 (headquartered in Mogadishu and predominantly the domain of the Ugandan Contingent) covered the Banadir, Middle Shabelle and Lower Shabelle regions.
  • Sector 2 (headquartered in Kismayu and predominantly KDF responsibility, with the anticipated Sierra Leone contingent) covered the Gedo, Middle Juba and Lower Juba regions.
  • Sector 3 (headquartered in Baidoa and predominantly the responsibility of the Burundian contingent) covering the Bay and Bakool regions.
  • Sector 4 (headquartered in Belet Weyne and the responsibility of the Djiboutian contingent) covering the Hiraan region.

Later, UN Security Council resolution 2124 of 12 November 2013 authorized a troop increase to 22,126 through inclusion of an Ethiopian contingent.[111] This took effect in January 2014, when the Sector organisation was modified to:[112]

  • Sector 1 (Mogadishu: Banadir and Lower Shabelle regions) – UPDF contingent
  • Sector 2 (Dobhey: Lower and Middle Juba regions) – KDF contingent, with the Sierra Leone contingent operating in a 'Sector Kismayu' until these forces left. During January 2016 Ethiopian troops deployed to Kismayo.[113]
  • Sector 3 (Baidoa: Bay, Bakool and Gedo regions) – Ethiopian contingent
  • Sector 4 (Belet Weyne: Hiiraan region) – Djiboutian contingent
  • Sector 5 (Jowhar: Middle Shabelle region) – Burundi contingent

In January 2017 Kismayo was mentioned as a separate sector – Sector 6 – under Colonel Paul Njema.[114] On 22 November 2017 AMISOM's twitter feed announced that Colonel Fréderic Ndayisaba of Burundi was replacing Colonel Paul K Njema of the Kenya Defence Forces (KDF) as Sector 6 Commander and described this command as a multinational sector composed of Burundian, Kenyan and Ethiopian troops based in Kismayo.

Contingents edit

Ugandan contingents edit

a. Commanders

No. Name From To Note
1 Col. Peter Elwelu[115] March 2007 February 2008 With Col. Kyazze
2 Col. Godfrey Golooba[116] February 2008
3 Col. Jack Bakusumba[117] December 2008 September 2009
4 Col. Tumusiime Katsigazi[118] September 2009 18 June 2010
5 Col. Michael Ondoga[119] 18 June 2010 3 May 2011
6 Brig. Gen. Paul Lokech[68] 3 May 2011 November 2012
7 Brig. Gen. Michael Ondoga[120] November 2012 23 September 2013
Brig. Gen. Deus Sande[121] 23 September 2013 25 September 2013 Acting in role
8 Brig. Gen. Dick Olum[121] 25 September 2013 October 2014
9 Brig. Gen. Sam Kavuma[122] October 2014 29 November 2015
10 Brig. Gen. Sam Okiding 30 November 2015 3 January 2017[123]
11 Brig. Gen. Kayanja Muhanga[124] 3 January 2017[123] 19 December 2017
12 Brig. Gen. Paul Lokech[125] 19 December 2017 21 December 2018
13 Brig. Gen. Michael Kabango[126] 21 December 2018
14 Brig. Gen. Richard Otto[127]
15 Brig. Gen. Don Nabasa[128] December 2021
16 Brig. Gen. Keith Katungi[129] December 2021 incumbent

b. Battle groups

From the first deployment of Ugandan troops during March 2007—which saw a contingent of two battalions sent to Mogadishu—the UPDF contribution to AMISOM had by 2015 expanded to three battle groups, each of two or three battalions. The following table lists what details are known of the Ugandan battle groups, or 'Ugabag', deployed under AMISOM. The information presented has been collected from Ugandan press reports (largely gleaned from the website 'Allafrica.com') and news reports on the AMISOM website.

Battle Group Commander Arr. Somalia Dep. Somalia Strength Composition Notes
Ugabag I Col. Peter Elwelu[115] March 2007 1,700 One infantry battalion (Col. Peter Elwelu) and one Armour/ Motorised Infantry battalion (Col. Kyazze) Lost five personnel?[130]
Ugabag II December 2007 November 2008 97 officers and 1,600 other ranks Two battalions? Lost 3 soldiers with 11 wounded during 11-month deployment, although in total nine Ugandans and one Burundian died during the deployment.[131]
Ugabag III Col. Jackson Bakasumba November/ December 2008 August/ September 2009 1,700 [131]
Ugabag IV Col. Tumusiime Katsigazi September 2009 1,703 Two battalions? [132]
Ugabag V May 2010? 1,650 Two battalions?
Ugabag VI Col. Ondogu although also given as Lt. Col. Francis Chemo April 2010? January 2011 Included 23 Bn (Lt. Col. Patrick Tibihwa, KIA Jun 2011)[133] and possibly also 19 Bn (Lt. Col. Anthony Lukwayo Mbuusi) and 69 Bn (Lt. Col. John Mugarula). Nine-month deployment. Lost ten personnel with 30 injured [134] Heavily involved in the battle for Mogadishu.[82]
Ugabag VII Lt. Col. Justus Besisira January 2011 1,800 Two battalions? [135]
Ugabag VIII Col. Kayanja Muhanga 7 Bn, 29 Bn and 33 Bn Participated in Operation Free Shabelle, the May 2012 advance to Afgooye.[136]
Ugabag IX Col. Stephen Mugerwa, or Lt. Col. Frederick Akiiki Rugadya, or Lt. Col. Eugine Ssebugwawo April 2012 May 2013 1,500 but also given as 2,369 Participated in Operation Free Shabelle, the May 2012 advance to Afgooye. Reinforced? by Ugabag IX+ (Col. Stephen Mugerwa) which included 342 Bn (Lt. Col. John Katongole).[136]
Ugabag X Col. Edison Muwaguzi (or Muhanguzi), later charged and demoted October 2013 25 Bn (Maj. Sentamu), 39 Bn (Lt. Col. Wamale), 45 Bn (Maj. Ruziro) Replaced Ugabag 8.
Ugabag XI Col. Joseph Balikudembe January 2013 February 2014 1,700 Replaced Ugabag 9. Reinforced by 'Ugabag XI+' under Col. Hassan Kimbowa from May 2013?
Ugabag XII Col. Emmy Mulindwa[137] September/ October 2013 October/ November 2014 2,930 37 Bn (Maj. Lugira), 43 Bn (Maj. Ankankunda) and 61 Bn (Maj. Ojuga) Lost 17 personnel. Participated in Operation Indian Ocean, the August–October 2014 advance to Barawe.[138]
Ugabag XIII Col. William Bainomugisha, then Col. Ben Sserwada February 2014 June 2015
Ugabag XIV Col. Frank Kyambadde October/ November 2014 November/ December 2015 2,754 Lost 22 personnel. Based at Barawe. Replaced Ugabag XII.
Ugabag XV Col. Silvio Aguma April 2016 35 Bn (Lt. Col. Paul Muhanguzi) Based at Arbiska. New battle group, making three in the UPDF contingent.
Ugabag XVI Col. Bosco Mutambi then Col. Peter Omola Gatilano June 2015 July 2016 1,400 Included 13 Bn (Maj. Mwesigye)[139] Battle group headquartered at Marka.[139] Company base near Janaale was overrun by al-Shabab on 1 September 2015, soon after the battle group's deployment to Somalia. Nineteen Ugandan troops were killed, one captured,[140] and 22 injured. This led to the replacement of the battle group commander and a later Board of Inquiry.[141]
Ugabag XVII Col. Bob Ogik November 2015 December 2016 2,777[142] Based at Barawe. Replaced Ugabag XIV.
Ugabag XVIII Col. Ronald Bigirwa March/ April 2016 April 2017[143] Based at Arbiska. Replaced Ugabag XV.
Ugabag XIX Col. Anthony Mbuusi Lukwago July 2016 July 2017[144] Operated in the Marka area. Replaced Ugabag XVI.[145]
Ugabag XX Col. Bernerd Arinaitwe Tuhaise (Tuhame)[146] December 2016 November 2017[100] 2,745 7 Bn, 69 Bn and one other Replaced Ugabag XVII.[124]
Ugabag XXI Col. Chris Ogwal April 2017 April 2018[147] Replaced Ugabag XVIII.[148][143]
Ugabag XXII July 2017 1 Bn and 19 Bn (Lt. Col. Robert Nahamya)[149] Replaced Ugabag XIX in the Marka area.[150] Later reported to be headquartered at Ceeljaale.[151][149]
Ugabag XXIII Col. Eriazile Zake Okolong November/ December 2017 December 2018 2,400[152] [153]
Ugabag XXIV Col. Jackson Kayanja[154]
Ugabag XXV Col. Paul Muwanguzi (or Muhanguzi) July 2018 July 2019 1,406 Replaced Ugabag XXII[155][156][157]
Ugabag XXVI Col. Topher Magino To replace Ugabag XXIII.[158]
Ugabag XXVII Col. Sam Kosiya Kutesa September 2020 [159]
Ugabag XXVIII Col. Wilberforce Sserunkuma July 2019 Replacing Ugabag XXV[160][161]
Ugabag XXIX Col. Edward Kaddu December 2019 April 2021 [159]
Ugabag XXX Col. Jimmy Nabiyu Musoke[162] September 2020 1,800 [163]
Ugabag XXXI Col. Francis Aragmoi[164] December 2021?
Ugabag XXXII Col. Jonathan Ojok Ochom [165] April 2021 Replaced Uganda Battle Group XXIX.
Ugabag XXXIII August 2021 1,848 To replace Uganda Battle Group XXX.[166]

Burundi contingents edit

a. Commanders

No. Commander From To
1 Brig. Gen. Juvenal Niyoyunguruza[82] December 2007 June 2009
2 Brig. Gen. Prime Niyongabo[74] June 2009 June 2010
3 Brig. Gen. Maurice Gateretse[99] June 2010 July 2011
4 Col. Oscar Nzohabonimana[167] July 2011 June 2012
5 Col. Geard Bigirimana[168] June 2012 July 2013
6 Col. Jean Luc Habarugira July 2013
7 Col. Reverien Ndayambaje[169]
8 Col. Venant Bibonimana June 2016[170]
9 Brig. Gen. Venuste Nduwayo July 2016[171]
10 Brig. Gen. Victor Nduwumukiza June 2018[172]
11 Brig. Gen. Leonidas Niyungeko June 2018 [172]
12 Brig. Gen. Richard Banyakimbona incumbent, September 2019[173]
13 Brig. Gen. Telesphore Barandereka[174] January 2021? December 2021[175]

b. Battalions

Burundi sent its first battalion to Mogadishu to join Ugandan troops in AMISOM in December 2007. It took until October 2008 to build the national contingent up to two battalions, due in part to a lack of equipment.[176] But subsequently the Burundi contingent increased to a six battalion force.[177] The Burundi force commitment is frequently cited as 5432 troops, which would align with a contingent of six battalions (of about 850 personnel each, the UN 'standard') together with headquarters and support elements.

  • 1 Battalion. Arrived December 2007.[178]
  • 2 Battalion. Deployed mid-October 2008.[176]

...

  • 7 Battalion (Lt. Col. Pontien Hakizimana). Served during 2011 and involved in the Battle for Mogadishu.[179]
  • 8 Battalion
  • 9 Battalion (Lt. Col. Pascal Hakizimana). Served during 2011 and involved in the Battle for Mogadishu.[179]
  • 10 Battalion (Lt. Col. Egide Nitabara). Served during 2011 and involved in the Battle for Mogadishu.[179]
  • 11 Battalion (Lt. Col. Gregoire Ndikumazambo). Served during 2011 and involved in the Battle for Mogadishu.[179]
  • 12 Battalion (Lt. Col. Richard Bimenyimana). Served during 2011 and involved in the Battle for Mogadishu.[179]

...

  • 26 Battalion. Returned home at the end of May 2015.[180]
  • 27 Battalion. Returned home at the end of May 2015.[180]
  • 28 Battalion. Returned home in October 2015 after 14 month deployment.
  • 29 Battalion. Returned home in November 2015; replaced by 35 Battalion.
  • 30 Battalion. Returned home in November 2015; replaced by 36 Battalion.
  • 31 Battalion, 828 personnel. Returned home 28 May 2016.
  • 32 Battalion (Maj. John Manirakiza). Returned home during July 2016 after year-long deployment.[181]
  • 33 Battalion (Maj. Richard Nikoyagize). Returned home during July 2016 after year-long deployment.[181]
  • 34 Battalion (Maj. Sylvain Kinigi). Deployed October 2015 (replacing 28 Battalion?) and returned home February 2017.[182]
  • 35 Battalion. Deployed November 2015, replacing 29 Battalion?
  • 36 Battalion. Deployed November 2015, replacing 30 Battalion?
  • 37 Battalion (Maj. Adolphe Kaguruka). Deployed May 2016, replacing 31 Battalion? Returned home June 2017.[183]
  • 38 Battalion, 850 personnel. Deployed July 2016, replacing 32 Battalion[184][185]
  • 39 Battalion, 850 personnel. Deployed July 2016, replacing 33 Battalion[184][185]

40, 41 and 42 Battalions were scheduled for deployment in November 2016 but this was delayed. There was speculation this delay was a result of disappointment within Burundi over delays in EU payments in support of AMISOM and the suggestion by the EU that payments could be made directly to the Burundian troops rather than through the Burundi government; or domestic political tensions within Burundi arising from the president running for a third term of office.[186][187][188] By January 2017 the Burundi government threatened to withdraw its forces from Somalia altogether, arguing that these were a national contingent and not mere mercenaries, as would be suggested by the troops receiving payment directly from any third party.[189] Subsequently agreement was reached on the question of EU payments and it was announced the Burundi contingents would remain with AMISOM in Somalia.[190]

  • 40 Battalion (Maj. Leonidas Nsingirankabo, also given as Maj. Ladislas Singirankabo). Deployed February 2017, replacing 34 Battalion,[191] and departed in March 2018.[192]
  • 41 Battalion (Maj. Zenon Ntisinzira).[192]
  • 42 Battalion
  • 43 Battalion (Maj. Chartier Nyandwi). Deployed June 2017, replacing 37 Battalion.[193]
  • 44 Battalion
  • 45 Battalion (Lt. Col. Philbert Hatungimana). Arrived in Somalia August 2017, replacing 39 Battalion, and to be deployed to Jowhar.[194]

...

  • 55 Battalion. Deployed November 2019 and ended tour in May 2021, after an extension due to the Covid-19 'pandemic'.[195]
  • 56 Battalion Deployed November 2019 and ended tour in May 2021, after an extension due to the Covid-19 'pandemic'.[195]

Ethiopian contingents edit

No. Name Took command Left command
1 Brig. Gen. Gebremedhin Fikadu Hailu[196] January 2014

Kenyan contingents edit

 
Brig. Gen. Ngere in Dhobley, Somalia, September 2012.

Contingent/ Sector 2 Commanders

No. Name From To
1 Brig. Gen. Anthony Mukundi Ngere[197] July 2012 December 2013
2 Brig. Gen. Walter Koipaton Raria[198] December 2013 mid-2015
3 Brig. Gen. Daniel C Bartonjo[199] mid-2015
4 Brig. Gen. William Shume[200]
5 Brig. Gen. Joakim Mwamburi[192]
6 Brig. Gen. Dickson Ruto February 2020[201]
7 Brig. Gen. Paul Njema February 2020[202]
8 Brig. Gen. Jeff Nyagah 24 Feb 2022[203]
9 Brig. Gen. Jattani Gula 24 Feb 2022 incumbent

Djiboutian contingents edit

a. Sector 4 Commander

No. Commander Period Notes
1 Col. Abdourahman Abdi Dhembil[204] Responsible for Sector 4, headquartered in Belet Weyne and covering Hiiraan and Galgaduud regions.
2 Col. Mohamed Ibrahim Moussa February 2019 to February 2020[205]
3 Col. Abdirahman Riyale Hared Incumbent, January 2021[206][207]
4 Col. Hassan Jama Farah Incumbent, February 2022[208] Deputy Commander Col. Yeshiwas Kerbet.

b. Djibouti Contingent Commander

No. Commander Took command Left command Notes
1 Col. Osman Doubad[209][210] December 2011[211] Col. Osman Doubad is given as Contingent Commander as late as January 2016.[204]
2 Col. Hassan Jama Farah Incumbent, July 2016[212]
3 Col. Abdullahi Muse Omar Incumbent, February 2022[208]

Sierra Leone contingent edit

No. Commander Arr. Somalia Dep. Somalia
1 Col. Mamadi Mohamed Keita[213] April 2013 4 July 2013, on promotion[214]
2 Brig. Gen. Tamba R. Allieu [215] July 2013? January 2015?
  • Leobatt 1 (Lt. Col. Abubakar Conteh), 850 strong,[216] deployed April 2013, served in Sector 2 under Kenyan Command, later in Sector Kismayu under their own command.[217][218] Leobatt 1 eventually left Somalia for home only in January 2015.[219]
  • Leobatt 2 (Lt. Col. George Mamoud Bangura)[220]) was announced and intended to relieve Leobatt 1 early in 2014.[221] However, due to unexplained delays this second battalion completed first phase training only in January 2014, with planned second and third phase training scheduled to last a further three months each.[222] It was then planned to relieve the first contingent in August 2014 but an Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa caused further concerns. During October 2014 it was announced the second contingent had been in isolation for four months and "cleared" of Ebola virus,[223] but this was quickly followed by an announcement from the Sierra Leone Chief of Defence Staff that the contingent would not travel to Somalia.[224]

Later, during April 2018, a Formed Police Unit of 160 Sierra Leone Police was deployed to AMISOM under the command of Mustafa Solomon Kambeh.[225]

Civil staff edit

The civilian staff of AMISOM has been operating from Nairobi, Kenya since 2008 due to the security situation in Mogadishu.[226] As of now, they number approximately 81 personnel.

Since the beginning of 2011 AMISOM and TFG has taken control over several strategic places in Mogadishu after several offensives against Al-Shabaab.

With the expanded control over the capital AMISOM on 16 May 2011 moved the civil staff and police officers to Mogadishu. This includes Special Representative of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission for Somalia (SRCC) Ambassador Boubacar Gaoussou Diarra and deputy (SRCC) Honourable Wafula Wamunyinyi.[226]

Much of the key logistical support for the force was provided by the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA), a field mission of the UN Secretariat Department of Field Support.

The Civilian component was supervised by the Special Representative of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission for Somalia (SRCC) which was represented on the ground by Ambassador Mahamat Saleh Annadif. who oversees the Political, Civil, Humanitarian, Gender and Public Information departments.

Ambassador Epiphanie Kabushemeye-Ntamwana was the civilian Chief of Staff.

The Chief Administrative Officer Timothy Kiguti heads the support component of the mission which includes administration personnel, finance and budgeting, logistics and procurement among other issues.

The Police contingent, which provides capacity building, both institutional and individual in support of the Somali Police Force, was headed by the AMISOM Police Commissioner Anand Pillay.

Training for contingents edit

The United States has provided extensive training for contingents headed for Somalia. In the first half of 2012, Force Recon Marines from Special Purpose Marine Air-Ground Task Force 12 (SPMAGTF-12) trained soldiers from the Uganda People's Defence Force.[227] In the northern spring of 2012 [March–April–May], Marines from SPMAGTF-12 also trained Burundian soldiers. In April and May, members of Task Force Raptor, 3rd Squadron, 124th Cavalry Regiment of the Texas Army National Guard, took part in a separate training mission with the BNDF in Mudubugu, Burundi. SPMAGTF-12 has also sent its trainers to Djibouti, another nation involved in the Somali mission, to work with an army unit there.

At the same time, U.S. troops have assisted in training the Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces in preparation for their deployment to Somalia later this year[when?]. In June 2012, U.S. Army Africa commander Major General David R. Hogg spoke encouragingly of the future of Sierra Leone's forces in conjunction with Kenya.[228] As of June 2012, the RSLAF troops have not yet deployed; the Sierra Leonean defence minister said on 23 June 2012, that the battalion might depart for the Horn 'some time in September [2012].'[229]

In addition, a significant amount of support to AMISOM has been provided by private companies. "Bancroft Global Development, headquartered on Washington's Embassy Row, employs about 40 South African and European trainers who work with [AMISOM's] Ugandan and Burundian troops.[230] Bancroft director Michael Stock told The EastAfrican that these mentors are embedded with AMISOM units in Mogadishu and southern and central Somalia. They coach commanders on ..how to predict and defeat the tactics which foreign fighters bring from outside East Africa and teach to al-Shabaab." Bancroft "does not receive funding directly from the US government but was instead paid by AMISOM, which was then reimbursed by the State Department for these outlays."[231] The Associated Press reports that Bancroft has been paid $12.5 million for its work in Somalia since 2008.

A security analyst in Somalia listed three primary private security companies/private military companies operating in Mogadishu.[232] DynCorp, who provide logistical support in the Somali capital; Bancroft International, who provide training to TFG and AMISOM personnel, as well as assisting with community service delivery; and Pacific Architects & Engineers.

Deployment edit

Troop numbers edit

Country Armed personnel (current) Casualties
Troops Police Killed Missing or captured
 Uganda People's Defence Force 6,223 201[233] 110[234]-2,700+[235]
 Burundi National Defence Force 5,432[236] 95+[234] 4 missing,[237] 1 captured[238]
 Ethiopian National Defense Force 4,395[239] 2+ (supposedly)[240]
 Kenya Defence Forces 3,664[198] 48[241] 36–118[242][243]
 Djibouti Armed Forces 960[244] 8+[245][246][247]
 Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces 0 (formerly 850)* [248] 47[249] 1[248]
 Nigeria Police Force 200[250]
 Ghana Police Service 56[251]
Total 20,674 550+ 1,108[234]-3,000+[252] 5
* The reason why troops from Sierra Leone were withdrawn was the inability to rotate in fresh soldiers, due to the Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone and the surrounding region. In response, Ethiopia has offered to replace the contingent from Sierra Leone with Ethiopian reinforcements.[253]
- The total number of personnel under AMISOM (including armed personnel and civil staff) was reportedly around 22,126.[84]
- Before joining AMISOM in January 2014, the Ethiopian Defense Force was believed to have an estimated 8,000 troops in the country.[60] It is also believed that some Ethiopian troops in Somalia operate independently from AMISOM.[254]
- Likewise, Kenya had troops deployed in Somalia independently before they were brought under the AMISOM umbrella
- Cameroon, Mali, Senegal, and Zambia were known to have a total of four personnel inserted into AMISOM. However, it is not known whether they were security or civil personnel.[49][255]
- Furthermore, there are also a small number of police officers from Burundi, Gambia, and Zimbabwe that are inserted into AMISOM[84]

Casualties and major incidents edit

According to SIPRI, 1,039 AMISOM soldiers were killed in action between 1 January 2009, and 31 December 2013, with an additional 69 fatalities in 2014 (per AMISOM) bringing the total to 1,108 dead from 2009 through 2014.[234]

March 2007 – February 2011 edit

AMISOM medical facility records showed 110 Ugandan and 95 Burundian soldiers had died between March 2007 and February 2011 in Somalia. Another 798 AMISOM soldiers were wounded.[234] Some of the deadliest incidents were:

  • 22 February 2009 – 11 Burundian soldiers were killed and 15 wounded in a double suicide attack on their base in Mogadishu.
  • 23–29 July 2009 – An epidemic of Leptospirosis hit the Burundian and Ugandan military camps in Mogadishu killing three Burundian and two Ugandan soldiers. Another 18 Burundian soldiers were placed in quarantine. About 50 Burundian and 17 Ugandan soldiers were evacuated for medical treatment to Nairobi, Kenya.[256][257]
  • 17 September 2009 – 17 soldiers were killed and 29 wounded in a suicide attack by Islamist rebels on the headquarters of the African Union force in Mogadishu. At least four civilians were also killed and more than 10 wounded. 12 of those killed were Burundian soldiers and five were Ugandan. Among the dead was the AMISOM deputy commander Maj. Gen. Juvenal Niyonguruza, from Burundi. Also, one of the wounded was AMISOM commander Gen. Nathan Mugisha, from Uganda.[258]
  • 23 February – 4 March 2011 – 53–82 AU troops were killed in clashes with al-Shabab fighters during an offensive in Mogadishu, 190 other AMISOM troops were also wounded.[259] In addition, a Burundian soldier was captured alive by militants.[238] These were, at the time, the heaviest losses since AMISOM deployed. 43 of those killed were confirmed as Burundian soldiers and 10 as Ugandans.[259] Also, 110 of the wounded were Burundians. Beside the 43 killed in action, four Burundian soldiers were declared missing in action.[237]

March–December 2011 edit

  • 5 March – A Burundian soldier was injured by the controlled explosion of a car bomb of al-Shabab militants.[260] AMISOM forces won back the rebel-controlled town of Bulo Hawo with the help of forces loyal to the Somali government.[261]
  • 17 March – Six AU soldiers were killed in heavy clashes between Somali government troops backed by AMISOM in Mogadishu and al-Shabab militants.[citation needed]
  • 12 May – 11 June – 12 AU soldiers were killed (including 7 Ugandans) and 13+ injured during the Bakaara market offensive in Mogadishu.
  • 29 July – Four Ugandan soldiers were killed and five wounded during clashes in Mogadishu. An AMISOM tank was also destroyed.[262][263][264]
  • 1 August – At least two AMISOM soldiers were killed and others wounded in a suicide attack on an AMISOM base in Mogadishu.[265]
  • 10 October – One AMISOM soldier was killed and six injured in an operation in North East of Mogadishu. The former Pasta Factory and critical junction, Ex Control Bal'ad, are after that in Government hands.[266]
  • 20 October – At least 70 Burundian soldiers were killed and their bodies filmed and paraded by Al-Shabaab following the battle of Deynile, Mogadishu.[267][268] An unknown number of soldiers were wounded. One AU armoured vehicle was also destroyed in the fighting.[269][270]
  • 23 October – Two AU soldiers were wounded when a suicide bomber blew himself up near a convoy of AU peacekeepers in Mogadishu.[271]
  • 29 October – Al-Shabab militants attacked an AMISOM compound injuring two AU soldiers in the Somali capital Mogadishu.[272]
  • 25 December – A Burundian soldier was killed by an improvised explosive device, and two others were wounded in Mogadishu.[273]

2012 edit

  • 14 January – A Ugandan soldier was killed by a Somali soldier in Mogadishu. The reasons for the act are unknown.[274]
  • 20 January – Two AU soldiers were injured in a military offensive to consolidate security in Mogadishu.[275]
  • 2 March – Two Ugandan soldiers were injured during the capture of the city of Maslah.[276]
  • 29 March – Four Burundian soldiers were wounded in a battle on Daynile District on Mogadishu.[277]
  • 31 – 5 August Kenyan soldiers were missing after the capture of Miido. A search and rescue was mounted. Three other soldiers were injured.[278] Three of the soldiers were found alive two days later, but the fate of the other two soldiers remained unknown.[279] A few days later, their bodies were shown in a video posted by the insurgents.[280]
  • 19 September – Two AMISOM troops were injured during the capture of Janaa Cabdalla town located 50 kilometres to the west of the port city of Kismayo in the Lower Jubba region.[281]
  • 24 October – Four Ugandan soldiers were killed by a bomb while advancing towards Baidoa.[282]
  • 29 – 3 October–4 Ugandan soldiers were killed and seven wounded in an attack by two suicide bombers on an AMISOM base in Mogadishu.[283]
  • 19 November – At least two Kenyan soldiers who are part of the African Union (AU) peacekeeping force in Somalia were killed in Garissa, a base for security forces in Kenya fighting insurgents in neighbouring Somalia, Kenya's army spokesman said on Monday.[284]

2014 edit

  • 11 March 2014 – At least two AMISOM peacekeepers were injured as AMISOM and Somali troops advanced into areas close to coastal town of Barawe and Qoryoley.[285]
  • 18 March 2014 – At least three Dijiboutian soldiers were killed in a hotel attack on the town of Bulo-burde.[246]
  • 5 April 2014 – During joint AMISOM-Somali incursion to liberate the town of Wabxo, Al Shabaab fighters claimed to have killed Ethiopian troops from AMISOM and posted photos on social media showing fighters posing over two unidentified bodies in uniform with AMISOM patches, Ethiopian script, helmets, and various weapons.[240]
  • 24 May 2014 – Three Ugandan peacekeepers died in an attack by thirteen Al Shabaab militants on the Somali Parliament alongside four Somali soldiers and a police officer. In addition, four Ugandans were wounded but in stable condition. The attack started with a car bomb driven into the parliament building's entrance and ended with eleven of the attackers killed while the other two detonated suicide bombs.[286]
  • 26 May 2014: Two Kenyan soldiers in a supply convoy were killed in an ambush by suspected Al Shabaab militants near the town of Lamu in an area close to the Ras Kamboni region. Kenyan officials confirm that some other Kenyan soldiers were wounded while one militant was killed. They also state that they are in pursuit of the attackers, who fled after the ambush.[287]
  • 13 June 2014: A roadside bomb that was detonated near the town of Bulo Burde injured six AMISOM and Somali soldiers. At least three of the casualties were from the Djibouti contingent and were airlifted to Mogadishu for medical attention after the attack.[288]
  • 26 June 2014: Militants from Al-Shabaab launched an attack on the town of Bulo-Burde, which has been besieged by militants and cut off from road access since it came under government control in March. Witnesses say that the attack lasted thirty minutes and began when militants stormed a military base established in a hotel complex before they were driven back by the combined force of the SNA and AMISOM. Al-Shabaab claimed responsibility and claimed to have killed six soldiers while the AU commander, Ibrahim Ali, stated that two Djiboutian peacekeepers, one civilian, and two militants were killed.[247]
  • 16 August 2014: AMISOM, accompanied by FGS forces, launched Operation Indian Ocean against Al-Shabaab-held pockets in the countryside.[289]
  • 25 August 2014: Ethiopian AMISOM troops assisted by Somali government forces capture Tiyeglow from Al-Shabaab, as part of Operation Indian Ocean. Situated around 530  km northeast of Mogadishu along the main road linking Beledweyne and Baidoa, Tiyeglow previously served as a base for the insurgent group. Witnesses indicate that the Al-Shabaab fighters gave no resistance during the raid, fleeing instead to adjacent forested areas. However, al-Shabaab planted roadside explosive devices before fleeing. According to AMISOM, the successful military operation deprives the insurgent group of high extortion fees that it would previously charge to vehicles traveling along the town's principal road. The siege also now gives the Somali government full control of the Bakool province.[290]
  • September 2014: Human Rights Watch published a report accusing a few soldiers within the Ugandan and Burundian contingents of AMISOM of sexual misconduct on two of the mission's bases in Mogadishu.[291] The African Union issued an official statement denying the allegations, which it characterized as isolated cases largely involving a single rogue soldier. It also pledged to investigate the charges, and indicated that a number of internal mechanisms had been instituted to prevent, mitigate and discipline any transgressions.[292]
  • 6 September 2014: Somali government forces assisted by Ethiopian troops seize El Garas in the Galguduud province from Al-Shabaab. According to the Somali military spokesman Mohamed Kariye Roble, the village was a main base for the insurgent group, serving as both a springboard from which it would launch attacks and a supply storage area.[293]
  • 12 September 2014: Ugandan and Kenyan AMISOM forces conduct security operations in Lagta Berta in Lower Juba, where Al-Shabaab had established two bases after vacating Barawe. The militant group incurs significant fatalities during the raid, including foreign insurgents, and a number of its fighters are also injured. The attack destroys the Al-Shabaab hideout facility.[294]
  • 13 September 2014: Somali government forces and AMISOM troops capture Aboreey, Moqokori, Yasooman, and Muuse-geel villages in the Bulobarte district from Al-Shabaab. The militants mount no resistance.[295] Additionally, Somali government forces and AMISOM troops seize Abooto-barrey, Ceel-Sheel, Carraale and Kaawada villages in the Galguduud province's El Bur district from Al-Shabaab.[295]
  • 18 December 2014: The Sierra Leonian contingent (850 troops) leaves AMISOM and is not replaced. Main reason for their departure is the Ebola outbreak in their home country. During their stay in Somalia the Sierra Leone troops suffered 1 dead and 6 wounded. They were based in Kismayo.[248] In response, Ethiopia has offered to replace the contingent from Sierre Leon with Ethiopian reinforcements.[253]
  • 26 December 2014: Eight Al-Shabaab militants, dressed in Somali uniforms, launched an attack on an AMISOM base near Mogadishu International Airport, which is also home to a United Nations office and several embassies. All militants were killed while five AMISOM peacekeepers and one foreign contractor were killed.[296]

Sexual abuse report edit

Human Rights Watch investigation uncovers evidence of sexual exploitation of women. Western-backed African Union troops in Somalia gang-raped women and girls as young as 12 and traded food aid for sex, Human Rights Watch has said. An investigation uncovered evidence of sexual exploitation of women seeking medicine for sick babies at what they assumed was the safety of AU military bases. Human Rights Watch documented cases in a 71-page report published on 8 September 2014 with recommendations to the African Union, the United Nations, the Somali government and AMISOM donors UN, EU, UK and US. The African Union dismissed the Human Rights Watch claims as isolated cases.[297][298][299]

2015 edit

  • 21 March 2015: Somali National Army forces and AMISOM troops launch a security sweep in the Bulo Burde district to clear an Al-Shabaab blockade in the area. The cleanup operation commences in Beledweyne, with the joint forces removing militants from settlements on both sides of the main road leading towards the district center. Casualties include around five SNA troops and one AMISOM soldier. Local officials do not issue a statement pending arrival at Bulo Burde.[300]
  • 19 April 2015: Al-Shabaab insurgents attack Kenyan AMISOM troops in the southern Delbio area of Somalia. The insurgents reportedly shoot at the Kenyan soldiers' vehicle, with a gunfight ensuing. AMISOM fatalities include three dead troops. Officials indicate that eight wounded AMISOM soldiers are also being transported to Nairobi for treatment. The militants reportedly retreat into the forest.[301] Al-Shabaab also attack AMISOM troops that are garrisoned between Lego and Baledogle. According to AMISOM Colonel Paul Njuguna, three soldiers are killed in the ensuing skirmish. He adds that the Somali National Army and AMISOM are endeavoring to liberate the remaining areas under insurgent control, with Al-Shabaab in a much weaker state than only two years prior.[302]
  • 26 June 2015: At least 50 Burundian soldiers (with potential excesses of over 70) were reported killed in an attack on their base by Al-Shabab. The attack occurred in Leego near the capital of Mogadishu. It is stated that AMISOM was preparing for an offensive in the region while Al-Shabab was bringing in reinforcements to counter it.[303]
  • 1 September 2015: Between 20–50 AMISOM peacekeepers are killed after the Janale base, 90  km (55 miles) south-east of the capital, is overrun by Al-Shabab militants.[304] After bombing a bridge to eliminate a potential escape route and breaching the gate with a car bomb, Al-Shabab militants were able to enter and take over the base.[305] AMISOM peacekeepers were stated to have withdrawn. After looting the base of weaponry, the militants withdrew and AMISOM troops were seen retaking the area. There have also been reports of troops taken captive during the assault.[306]

2016 edit

  • On 15 January a Kenyan company base at El Adde, manned by a detachment of 9 Battalion Kenya Rifles, was overrun by al-Shabaab. Several soldiers were captured, including Private Leonard Maingi who was later murdered by the terrorist group in August 2017. Reports of casualties among the KDF detachment were confused but a later report suggested around 150 Kenyan soldiers died in the attack, with some of their bodies being dragged publicly through the streets of nearby towns by the terrorists.[307][308][309]
  • On 19 March 2016 two Kenyan soldiers were killed and five others wounded when their convoy was ambushed by terrorists in Lower Juba. During the engagement 21 al-Shabaab fighters were reported killed.[310]
  • al-Shabaab lost several of their leaders to U.S. airstrikes during May 2016.[311][312]
  • al-Shabaab fighters attacked an AMISOM base in June 2016.[313]
  • During November Lieutenant Dedan Karithi Karuti (26), of 17 Battalion Kenya Rifles, was killed when the vehicle in which he was traveling was struck by an improvised explosive device on the Warei–Elwak road.[314]

2017 edit

  • During January al-Shabaab released a video showing the murder of a Ugandan soldier, Private M. Y. Masasa, who had been captured in September 2015 when the AMISOM base at Janaale was overrun by al-Shabaab.[315][316]
  • On 2 January two suicide car bombs targeted a security checkpoint near the airport and a hotel.[317]
  • On 4 January three UN soldiers were wounded by an explosion near their headquarters in Mogadishu.[317]
  • On 24 January an attack on a hotel in Mogadishu left 28 people dead.
  • On 25 January at least 25 people were killed in an al-Shabaab suicide assault on the Somali Parliament building. Two suicide car bombs were used in the assault.[317]
  • On 27 January a Kenyan base near Kulbiyow town in the Lower Juba region was attacked by al-Shabaab. According to some reports the base, manned by members of 15 Battalion Kenya Rifles, was overrun and up to 50 Kenyans killed. Kenyan reports say the base was successfully defended and put their death toll at nine.[318][319][320]
  • On 2 February a civilian was injured when a car bomb exploded near his house.[317]
  • On 19 February a car bomb detonated at a Mogadishu market, killing at least 30 people.[317]
  • On 27 February a number of Somali National Army (SNA) soldiers were wounded by a car bomb.[317]
  • On 28 February a Somali government official was assassinated when an IED fitted under the driver's seat of his car exploded.[317]
  • On 2 March it was announced that at least 57 al-Shabaab fighters had been killed in an attack by the Kenyan Defence Force. The KDF spokesman was reported as saying: 'KDF soldiers operating under AMISOM engaged al-Shebaab militants at a location 31 km northwest of Afmadow, close to Subow centre using artillery fire and supported by helicopter gunships.[321]
  • On 12 March a Somali journalist survived an assassination attempt after an IED fitted to his car exploded.[317]
  • On 13 March a Somali military base in Mogadishu was targeted by a car bomb, killing three and wounding five.[317]
  • On 13 March a popular hotel was targeted, leaving six dead.[317]
  • On 21 March ten people were killed and 12 others wounded when a car bomb detonated at a security checkpoint.[317]
  • On 24 March a car bomb targeted a popular cafe and hotel near the presidential palace.[317]
  • On 27 March it was announced that 31 al-Shabaab fighters had been killed during KDF raids on two bases.[322]
  • On 5 April 5 eight people were killed outside the Ministry of Youth and Sports headquarters by a car bomb.[317]
  • On 9 April a suicide bomber in a vehicle unsuccessfully targeted the new SNA commander, General Mohamed Ahmed Jimale, as his convoy left a military base in Mogadishu.[323] Fifteen SNA soldiers were killed, including several high-ranking officers, and 20 others were wounded in the attack.[317]
  • On 10 April 2017 Kenyan sources announced that 15 al-Shabaab fighters had been killed when their camp 4 km west of Catamaa, and approximately 104  km from El Wak, was shelled and then assaulted.[324]
  • On 19 April a Djibouti soldier was killed by a member of the SNA following an argument in Bula-burte town, Hiiraan region.[325]
  • On 7 May a Somali intelligence official survived an assassination attempt after an IED fitted to his car exploded on Maka al Mukarama Street, Mogadishu.[317]
  • On 8 May a cafe on Maka al Mukarama Street, Mogadishu, was targeted by a car bomb, killing five and leaving ten others wounded.[317]
  • On 15 May police intercepted and later destroyed a car bomb intended to target the National Theatre.
  • On 17 May a car bomb was intercepted but later accidentally detonated killing three and wounding two others.[317]
  • On 24 May eight people were killed and 15 others wounded in a car bomb targeting a police checkpoint.[317]
  • On 14 June eleven people were killed in an al- Shabaab suicide car bomb attack near a restaurant and hotel in Mogadishu.[317]
  • On 20 June six people were killed when a car bomb detonated near a local government administration office in Mogadishu's Wadajir district.[317]
  • On 22 June a police station on Maka al Mukarama Street, Mogadishu, was targeted by a car bomb.[317]
  • On 19 July a car bomb detonated outside the Ministry of Youth and Sports headquarters wounding one Somali intelligence official.[317]
  • On 30 July five soldiers were killed by a car bomb near a security checkpoint on Maka al Mukarama Street.[317]
  • On 30 July a joint SNA/Ugandan convoy was ambushed at Goryowein in the Lower Shabelle region, some 140 km southwest of Mogadishu, as they patrolled the Mogadishu–Barawe road, a major supply route for forward bases. Reports of casualties varied but Uganda admitted to losing 12 soldiers with another seven wounded in the attack.[326]
  • On 31 July a Somali intelligence official was targeted by an IED attached to his car. The official and two civilians were wounded.[317]
  • During August al-Shabaab released a video showing the murder of a Kenyan soldier, Leonard Maingi, who had been captured in January 2016 when the Kenyan base at El Adde was overrun by al-Shebaab.[327]
  • On 4 August four people were killed and six others wounded in a car bomb targeting The Ambassador Hotel on Maka al Mukarama Street.[317]
  • On 10 August a suicide bomber was stopped at a security checkpoint on Maka al Mukarama Street. The bomber escaped but the bomb later detonated, killing one civilian and wounding three others.[317]
  • On 14 August an IED fitted under a taxi killed at least one person near the Jazeera Palace Hotel.[317]
  • On 27 August a car bomb detonated injuring two people on Maka al Mukarama Street.[317]
  • On 11 September a car bomb killed one person and injured four others near a cafe and hotel on Maka al Mukarama Street.[317]
  • On 20 September a Somali intelligence official was assassinated when a bomb on his car exploded in Mogadishu.[317]
  • On 24 September Somali General Abdullahi Mohamed Sheikh Qururuh and his bodyguard were assassinated by gunmen in Mogadishu.[328]
  • On 28 September a car bomb outside a restaurant killed seven people.[317]
  • On 29 September Somali sources reported 30 people — 12 soldiers and 18 insurgents — killed in an al-Shebaab attack on an SNA base in Barire, 47 km southwest of Mogadishu. al-Shebaab sources reported 30 government soldiers killed and 11 vehicles captured by them.[329]
  • On 14 October a large vehicle-borne explosive device detonated at a busy crossroads in Mogadishu, killing at least 300 people. While al-Shebaab did not claim responsibility for this attack it was widely believed to have been the work of this terrorist group.[317]
  • On 25 October a Ugandan soldier and two civilians were reported killed by al-Shebaab insurgents in an ambush on the outskirts of Mogadishu which also left four terrorists dead.[330]
  • On 28 October five al-Shabaab terrorists detonated a car bomb outside a Mogadishu hotel before assaulting the building and killing civilians. Up to 23 people were killed, along with two of the terrorists, before Somali security forces were able to end the attack. Three surviving terrorists were captured.[331] A second suicide car bomb detonated near the former Parliament house.[317]

2018 edit

  • On 23 February twin car-bomb explosions in Mogadishu killed at least 38 people. The first targeted the presidential palace, Villa Somalia, while the second bomb apparently targeted a hotel.[332]
  • On 23 February Ugandan soldiers shot dead three Somalia National Army (SNA) personnel in Mogadishu after a Ugandan vehicle convoy was apparently fired upon by the Somalis.[333]
  • On 1 March two soldiers were killed and five other people wounded in an al-Shebaab suicide car-bomb attack on a checkpoint 15 km outside Mogadishu.[334]
  • On 2 March five Burundian soldiers were reported killed in an al-Shebaab ambush on a military convoy near Balad, 30 km north of Mogadishu. On the same day a suicide bomb attack on a SNA base at Afgoye and subsequent IED attack resulted in five SNA personnel and a suicide bomber dying.[334]
  • On 2 April al-Shebaab launched coordinated attacks on three Ugandan bases, at Qoryoley, Buulo Mareer and Golweyn. Initial reports gave casualties as 36 al-Shebaab killed with four Ugandan soldiers killed and six wounded.[335] Subsequent reports from Uganda gave conflicting accounts of their casualties but it seems likely six Ugandans died.
  • On 11 April U.S. forces destroyed a Shebaab vehicle-borne improvised explosive device (VBIED) in the vicinity of Jana Cabdalle, some 50 km northwest of Kismayo. This was reported to be the twelfth air strike by American forces in Somalia during 2018.[336]
  • On 12 April al-Shebab detonated a bomb at a soccer stadium in Baraawe, killing at least five people.[336]
  • In the early hours of 24 April a Burundian base in the Arba'ow area, near Elasha Biyahawas on the outskirts of Mogadishu, was reported attacked by insurgents.[337]
  • On 25 April a UPDF convoy in the El-Waregow area, outside the port city of Merka, was reported to have been targeted by a road-side IED which was followed by an insurgent attack.[338]
  • On 9 May a roadside bomb in the town of Wanlaweyn, some 90 km northwest of Mogadishu, killed at least five people when it exploded.[339] Other reports attribute the explosion to a suicide bomber targeting a khat market, and say that eleven civilians were killed,[340] or ten killed and fifteen wounded.[341]
  • On 10 May a second explosion in Wanlaweyn killed seven Somali soldiers and wounded a further two when a road-side bomb targeted the vehicle in which they were travelling.[339] The casualty list was also reported as ten soldiers killed.[340]
  • On 12 May fighting in the village of Halfoley, near the town of Jalalaqsi in the Hiran region, between Somali soldiers and villagers against al-Shebaab tax collectors left 13 insurgents dead.[341]
  • Also on 12 May a bomb in a market in the Bulomarer district killed four civilians and wounded five.[341]
  • On 31 May a U.S. air strike 50 km southwest of Mogadishu was reported to have killed 12 al-Shebaab insurgents. This was said to be the fifteenth U.S. air strike in Somalia during 2018.[342]
  • On 2 June U.S. forces conducted their sixteenth air strike in Somalia for 2018. Twenty-seven 'terrorists' were reported killed in the strike near the town of Bosaso, in Puntland.[343][344] Although the true success of this and other U.S. air/drone strikes in Somalia must remain in doubt as there seems to have been no ground follow-up and so no enemy bodies were recovered, or enemy personnel individually identified; no prisoners taken; no documents captured; no weapons or equipment recovered.
  • On 8 June fighting was reported between Somalia National Army forces and al-Shebaab when the insurgents attacked the town of El Wak in what was believed to be a continuation of intensified attacks over Ramadan.[345]
  • On 8 June a Somali soldier was assassinated in a market in Afgoye.[346]
  • During 8 and 9 June al-Shebaab attacks on a joint Somali-Kenyan-U.S. base 2 km north of the town of Sanguni led to the deaths of a U.S. Special Forces soldier and two Somali soldiers, with another four U.S. personnel wounded. The base was reported to have then been abandoned.[347][348]
  • On 11 June at least five Somali soldiers were killed and three others injured in an insurgent attack near Teed, 30 km north of Huddur in the Bakool region.[349]
  • On 1 July a mortar bombardment apparently aimed at an AMISOM base in the suburb of Halane, Mogadihsu, killed five people and injured another ten.[350]
  • On 7 July two suicide bombings followed by an attempt to storm Somalia's Ministry of Interior in Mogadishu left at least 10 people dead and another 20 wounded.[351]
  • On 13/14 July al-Shebaab attacked the Police Commissioner's residence in Baidoa, killing three soldiers and injuring four.[352]
  • On 14 July two car-bombs were detonated in Mogadishu targeting the presidential palace compound.[351]
  • On 23 July Somali forces reportedly repulsed an insurgent attack on one of their bases near Bar-Sanguuni, Lower Juba region, killing 87 insurgents while losing six of their own men. Al-Shebaab claimed – with some supporting photographic evidence – to have overrun the base and killed 27 government troops.[353][354]
  • On 27 August U.S Forces reportedly killed three terrorists in an air strike 40 km southwest of Mogadishu. This was apparently the 21st air strike by U.S forces to be carried out against al-Shebaab during 2018.[355]
  • On 11 September al-Shabaab attacked government forces in Mubaraak village, some 60 km west of Mogadishu, killing one of the government troops.[356]
  • On 21 September al-Shebaab attacked government forces in a position 50 km southwest of Mogadishu. In response U.S. forces launched air strikes that reportedly killed 18 insurgents. A further two insurgents were said to have been killed by the defending government troops.[356]
  • On 1 October U.S forces reportedly killed nine insurgents and wounded one other in an air strike some 40 km northeast of Kismayo. The air strike was said to be in response to an insurgent attack on government forces.[357]
  • On 1 October a suicide bomber drove a car into an EU (Italian) military convoy outside the Jaalle Siyad military base in the Hodan district of Mogadishu, killing two civilians and injuring another four.[358]
  • On 13 October two suicide bombers detonated explosive devices in the town of Baidoa, killing 15 civilians.[359]
  • On 14 October a third al-Shebaab attack on Somali government forces in just over a month occurred near Araara, triggering a U.S air strike in response. The air strike was reported to have killed four terrorists.[360]

2019 edit

2020 edit

29 May 2020 The Security Council reauthorized the AU Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) until 28 February 2021.[361]

2021 edit

  • On 11 December 2021, al-Shebaab claimed responsibility for an IED attack on AU peacekeepers in which four Burundian soldiers died in the vicinity of Buurane and Mahaday towns in the Middle Shabelle region.[362]

2022 edit

The 14 year long AMISOM mission came to an end in March 2022 and it was replaced by a Somali led operation, the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS).[363]

See also edit

References edit

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Further reading edit

  • Paul D. Williams (2018). Fighting for Peace in Somalia: A History and Analysis of the African Union Mission (AMISOM), 2007–2017. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-872454-4.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to African Union Mission to Somalia.
  • Official website  
  •   Media related to African Union Mission to Somalia at Wikimedia Commons

March 16, 2024
african, union, mission, somalia, this, article, factual, accuracy, compromised, date, information, please, help, update, this, article, reflect, recent, events, newly, available, information, march, 2022, african, union, mission, somalia, amisom, regional, pe. This article s factual accuracy may be compromised due to out of date information Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information March 2022 The African Union Mission in Somalia AMISOM was a regional peacekeeping mission operated by the African Union with the approval of the United Nations Security Council It was mandated to support transitional governmental structures implement a national security plan train the Somali security forces and to assist in creating a secure environment for the delivery of humanitarian aid 1 As part of its duties AMISOM supported the Federal Government of Somalia s forces in their battle against Al Shabaab militants 2 African Union Mission in SomaliaMap of SomaliaLeadersFrancisco Caetano Jose Madeira Mission Head Simon Mulongo Deputy Head of Mission Lt Gen Tigabu Yilma Wondlmhunean Force Commander AIGP Augustine Magnus Kailie Police Commissioner Dates of operationMarch 2007 31 March 2022 15 years 25 days HeadquartersMogadishuActive regionsCentral and southern SomaliaSizeApprox 20 626 citation needed AlliesFederal government of Somalia Ahlu Sunna Waljama a 2007 18 Raskamboni movementOpponentsal Shabaab ARS 2007 09 Hizbul Islam 2009 14 Al QaedaBattles and warsSomali Civil WarWebsiteamisom au wbr orgPreceded by IGASOMSucceeded by ATMISAMISOM was created by the African Union s Peace and Security Council on 19 January 2007 with an initial six month mandate 3 On 21 February 2007 the United Nations Security Council approved the mission s mandate 4 Subsequent six monthly renewals of AMISOM s mandate by the African Union Peace and Security Council have also been authorized by the United Nations Security Council 5 6 The duration of AMISOM s mandate had been extended in each period that it has been up for review until it was replaced on April 1 2022 by the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia On 21 December 2021 the United Nations Security Council reauthorized AMISOM in Somalia for three months The new mandate ran until 31 March 2022 ahead of a phased handover of responsibilities to Somalia s security forces in early 2023 7 The reauthorized mandate allows AMISOM to take all necessary measures to carry out its mandate in full compliance with participating States obligations under international law including international humanitarian law and international human rights law and in full respect of Somalia s sovereignty territorial integrity political independence 8 AMISOM s mandate ended on 31 March 2022 and was replaced by the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia 9 Contents 1 Background 2 Authorisation 3 Mission planning 3 1 Scope of the mission 3 2 ICU resistance 3 3 Gathering support 3 4 Expanding role 4 Leadership and command 4 1 Force Commanders 4 2 Deputy Force Commanders 4 3 Chiefs of Staff 4 4 Spokespersons 5 Force organisation 5 1 Sectors 5 2 Contingents 5 2 1 Ugandan contingents 5 2 2 Burundi contingents 5 2 3 Ethiopian contingents 5 2 4 Kenyan contingents 5 2 5 Djiboutian contingents 5 2 6 Sierra Leone contingent 5 3 Civil staff 6 Training for contingents 7 Deployment 7 1 Troop numbers 8 Casualties and major incidents 8 1 March 2007 February 2011 8 2 March December 2011 8 3 2012 8 4 2014 8 4 1 Sexual abuse report 8 5 2015 8 6 2016 8 7 2017 8 8 2018 8 9 2019 8 10 2020 8 11 2021 9 2022 10 See also 11 References 12 Further reading 13 External linksBackground edit nbsp Burundian troops preparing to deploy to Somalia 2006Main article Diplomatic and humanitarian efforts in the Somali Civil War AMISOM replaced and subsumed the IGAD Peace Support Mission in Somalia IGASOM which was a proposed Intergovernmental Authority on Development protection and training mission to Somalia approved by the African Union on 14 September 2006 10 IGASOM was also approved by the United Nations Security Council on 6 December 2006 11 IGASOM was originally proposed for immediate implementation in March 2005 to provide peacekeeping forces for the latest phase of the Somali Civil War 12 At that time the Islamic Courts Union ICU had not yet taken control of Mogadishu and most hopes for national unity lay with the Transitional Federal Government TFG which had organized in Nairobi Kenya in 2004 and were planning to establish a provisional capital in Baidoa Bay region Somalia By May 2006 the situation was radically different as the ICU had recently been engaged by the Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter Terrorism or ARPCT and was fighting for control of Mogadishu in the Second Battle of Mogadishu By June they had established control of the capital Fighting began to spread to other parts of the nation as the ICU gained ground Plans for IGASOM continued though by July there were indications of opposition from the ICU who saw the initiative as a US backed Western means to curb the growth of their Islamic movement 13 Until December 2006 the UN Security Council had imposed an arms embargo on the group 14 but the embargo was partially lifted and a mandate for IGASOM issued on 6 December 2006 for six months 15 Authorisation edit nbsp Ugandan AMISOM contingents in patrolThe African Union Peace and Security Council authorized AMISOM in January 2007 explicitly assuming that it would become a UN mission after six months 16 On 21 February 2007 the United Nations Security Council authorized the AU to deploy a peacekeeping mission with a mandate of six months 4 In March 2007 Ugandan soldiers arrived on the ground in Somalia 17 On 20 August 2007 the United Nations Security Council extended the African Union s authorisation to continue deploying AMISOM for a further six months and requested the Secretary General to explore the option of replacing AMISOM with a United Nations Peacekeeping Operation to Somalia 5 On 31 May 2019 the Security Council unanimously approved United Nations Security Council Resolution 2472 authorising Member States of the African Union to maintain the deployment of AMISOM until 31 May 2020 with a reduction of the number of troops to 19 626 by 28 February 2020 18 The Security Council decided in a 29 May videoconference meeting to reauthorize the deployment of African Union Mission in Somalia AMISOM personnel for nine months requiring them to support security in the lead up to elections and to work towards the gradual hand over of responsibility to Somali forces by 2021 19 Mission planning editScope of the mission edit nbsp An American officer inspecting troops from Sierra Leone prior to deployment to Somalia 2012IGASOM was expected to eventually reach 8 000 troops with an expected cost of 335 million for the first year According to UN Security Council Resolution 1725 states bordering Somalia would not be eligible to deploy troops under IGASOM The remaining non bordering IGAD member nations include Sudan Eritrea and Uganda Because of the objection of the burden falling on these three nations alone and the rivalry between Ethiopia and Eritrea the mission was expanded to include other member states of the African Union AMISOM has a different composition As proposed it comprised an initial three battalions growing to a total of nine battalions of 850 troops each which would serve for an initial stabilization period of six months The mission was to be modelled after the African Union Mission in Burundi AMIB 3 ICU resistance edit As early as 25 March 2005 Sheikh Hassan Dahir Aweys of the Union of Islamic Courts warned any peacekeepers would be unwelcome in the country He was quoted by the BBC as saying We will fight fiercely to the death any intervention force that arrives in Somalia 20 Yet at the time the ICU was not the political or military force it was to become later Faced with the ascendancy of the ICU after taking over the capital in the Second Battle of Mogadishu between May and June 2006 UN watchers were growing concerned with the level of hostility of the ICU towards the proposed IGASOM mission 13 Though IGAD and the ICU met and published a cordial and formal communique 21 committing the ICU to the IGAD plans on 2 December by the time United Nations Security Council Resolution 1725 was passed on 6 December 11 the ICU was openly and militantly opposed to peacekeepers entering Somalia and vowed to treat any peacekeepers as hostile forces Because of regional divisions there were also UIC resistance to allowing Ethiopian troops be part of the mission Ethiopia for its part was leery of allowing Eritrean troops to be members of the IGAD peacekeeping force In the face of ICU threats Uganda the only IGAD members who had openly offered to send forces a battalion withdrew in the face of concerns of the present feasibility of the mission 22 23 24 In Uganda s defense the crisis does not allow for peacekeepers when there are active hostilities conducted with heavy weapons see Battle of Baidoa On 1 January 2007 after the defeat of the ICU in various battles in December 2006 Uganda again renewed its pledge of a battalion of troops Between Uganda and Nigeria which is a Member State of the African Union but not of IGAD there was a pledge of a total of 8 000 peacekeepers 25 Ghana Rwanda and Tanzania were reported to be considering sending forces 26 Gathering support edit nbsp Burundian soldiers training before deployment to Somalia 2012Following the defeat of the Islamic Courts Union in December 2006 January 2007 the international community began to gather both fiscal commitments as well as military forces for the mission Nations of the African Union AU outside the IGAD community were drawn on to provide support On 17 January 2007 the US ambassador to Kenya Michael Ranneberger said the US pledged 40 million to support the deployment of a peacekeeping force for Somalia 27 By 20 January the European Union followed with a pledge of 15 million euros 28 On 19 January 2007 the mission was formally defined and approved by the African Union at the 69th meeting of the Peace and Security Council 3 On 22 January 2007 Malawi agreed to send a half battalion to a battalion ranging widely anywhere between approximately 400 to 1 200 troops for a peacekeeping mission to Somalia 29 On 24 January 2007 Nigeria pledged a battalion a force between 770 and 1 100 troops to join the Somali peacekeeping mission 30 On 1 February 2007 Burundi committed to the peacekeeping mission pledging up to 1 000 troops 31 By 27 March it was confirmed that 1700 Burundian peacekeepers would be sent to Somalia 32 On 2 February 2007 the United Nations Security Council welcomed the advent of the African Union and IGAD led peacekeeping mission 33 On 5 February 2007 Tanzania offered to train Somali government troops but not to deploy peacekeepers 34 On 9 February 2007 a gathering of 800 Somali demonstrators in north Mogadishu where Islamist support was strongest burned U S Ethiopian and Ugandan flags in protest of the proposed peacekeeping mission A masked representative of the resistance group the Popular Resistance Movement in the Land of the Two Migrations said Ethiopian troops would be attacked in their hotels the same group had made a video warning peacekeepers to avoid coming to Somalia 35 By this date Uganda Nigeria Ghana Malawi and Burundi had committed to the peacekeeping mission but the total force was about half of the proposed 8 000 strong force 36 Uganda had pledged 1 400 troops and some armored vehicles for a mission lasting up to 9 months and the AU had pledged 11 6 million 37 On 16 February 2007 Uganda announced it would deploy 1 500 well seasoned troops as early as Saturday 17 February 2007 under the command of Major General Levi Karuhanga Reportedly the troops had been training for two years in preparation for the mission 38 The Burundian troops were technically ready to go in early August 2007 but equipment promised by the United States and France had not yet arrived 39 On 23 December 2007 an advance force of 100 Burundians was deployed and another 100 soldiers arrived on 2007 12 24 40 41 By late 2008 1 700 Burundian soldiers were deployed to Mogadishu 42 On July 28 2009 the World Health Organization was notified that 21 AMISOM soldiers in Mogadishu had become sick and three had died with acute peripheral edema difficulty in breathing palpitations and fever 43 The WHO together with the U S Center for Disease Control AMISOM and the Aga Khan University Hospital in Nairobi began an investigation From April 26 2009 to May 1 2010 241 AU soldiers had lower limb edema and at least one additional symptom four patients died At least 52 soldiers were airlifted to hospitals in Kenya and Uganda Four of 31 hospitalized patients had right sided heart failure with pulmonary hypertension The illness was associated with exclusive consumption of food provided to troops not eating locally acquired foods Because the syndrome was clinically compatible with wet beriberi thiamine was administered to affected soldiers resulting in rapid and dramatic resolution Expanding role edit nbsp AMISOM soldiers at the 2012 Female Peacekeepers ConferenceIn a closed door meeting in Kampala on 22 July 2010 AU ministers agreed to expand the mission s mandate from a peacekeeping focus to a peace enforcement focus that would engage al Shabaab more directly The decision came soon after deadly bomb attacks in the Ugandan capital 44 A few days later in response to UN pressure the AU agreed not to expand the mandate but did allow preemptive strikes against Al Shabaab and promised more troops from other African countries 45 On 23 July 2010 Djibouti and Guinea pledged troops to AMISOM 46 On 17 September 2010 an AU envoy said in Nairobi that AMISOM s size had grown from 6 300 to 7 200 troops after an additional battalion from Uganda joined the force 47 In December 2010 the UN backed AMISOM in increasing the mission s authorized size to 12 000 UN Security Council resolution 1964 of 22 December 2010 and at the same time reports indicated that Uganda had promised an extra 1 800 personnel with Burundi an extra 850 48 In March 2011 Burundi sent 1 000 extra soldiers to AMISOM bringing the total number of Burundi troops deployed to 4 400 49 AFP reported in Africa Research Bulletin said Burundian military chief General Godefroid Niyombare said on 14 March 2011 the soldiers had been deployed a week before 50 In February 2012 the U N Security Council boosted the number of troops deployed from 12 000 to 17 731 The approval comes after a series of recent successes against al Shabaab fighters who had previous positions throughout the central and southern areas of the country 51 During the same month AU Commander Fred Mugisha suggested that Al Shabaab was at its weakest and would likely implode in the not so distant future owing to successive military defeats that it suffered as well as an exodus toward the Arabian Peninsula of hundreds of the group s fighters 52 Due to the successful military operations against the Islamists the United States has also been stepping up efforts to train and equip the AMISOM troops in a bid to stamp out the Al Shabaab insurgency and limit its influence 53 In October 2011 the Kenya Defence Forces began Operation Linda Nchi crossing the border into Somalia to attack Al Shabaab 54 55 On 12 November the Kenyan government agreed to rehat its forces under AMISOM command 56 and later announced in March 2012 that it would send 5 000 troops to join AMISOM 56 The East African reported in March 2012 on reorganisation of AMISOM s headquarters and sector commands Personnel J1 would be led by the AU with Kenya taking responsibility for intelligence J2 and logistics J4 Uganda operations J3 and engineer J8 Burundi plans J5 and communications IS J6 Sierra Leone training J7 and Djibouti CIMIC J9 There would also be four sectors Uganda responsible for Sector One the Shabelles and Banadir Sector Two the Jubbas run by Kenya Sector Three Burundi covering GEdo Bay and BAkool and Sector from which Ethiopia forces were withdrawing from to be directed by Djibouti 57 nbsp Ethiopian soldiers under AMISOM training for combat in Beletweyne District July 2021In November 2013 the Ethiopian government announced that it would integrate its troops that are deployed in Somalia into the AMISOM multinational force Somalia s Foreign Minister Fowzia Haji Yussuf welcomed the decision stating that the move would galvanize AMISOM s campaign against the insurgent group She also emphasized the importance of collaboration between Somalia and Ethiopia 58 The Ethiopian authorities announcement came a month after a failed October bombing attempt by Al Shabaab in the Ethiopian capital of Addis Ababa and a week after Ethiopia received a renewed terrorism threat from the insurgent group 59 According to Ethiopian Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson Ambassador Dina Mufti the Ethiopian military s decision to join AMISOM is intended to render the peacekeeping operation more secure 60 Analysts also suggested that the move was primarily motivated by financial considerations with the Ethiopian forces operational costs now slated to be under AMISOM s allowance budget It is believed that the Ethiopian military s long experience in Somali territory its equipment such as helicopters and the potential for closer coordination will help the allied forces advance their territorial gains 61 On the other hand there is a certain amount of unease following Ethiopia s entry into AMISOM given local animosity originating from Ethiopia s heavy handed intervention in 2006 There are also fears that Al Shabaab could use Somali animosity towards Ethiopia as a rallying cry and to recruit more members 62 In December 2013 the U S government established a military coordination cell in Mogadishu at the request of AMISOM and the Somali government The unit consists of a small team of fewer than five advisers including planners and communicators between AMISOM and the Somali authorities It is intended to provide consultative and planning support to the allied forces in order to enhance their capacity and to promote peace and security throughout the country and wider region 63 From June 2021 to March 2022 the EU and its allies reimbursed Kenya nearly Sh2 54 billion in quarterly disbursements Sh811 million for its continued military participation in AMISOM The funding had slowly been decreasing since it began in October 2011 with each soldier taking home only around USD 800 Sh92 800 in this final installment 64 Leadership and command edit nbsp Ugandan troops training 2012 nbsp An AU contingent pauses during combat operations against Al Shabaab in Lower Shebelle nbsp Djiboutian Soldier patrol the base in Beledweyne Somalia The Head of Mission was the Special Representative of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission to Somalia or SRCC On 7 October 2015 Francisco Caetano Jose Madeira of Mozambique was appointed to this position replacing Maman Sambo Sidikou of Niger 65 Force Commanders edit No Name Nationality From To Note1 Maj Gen Levi Karuhanga 66 67 nbsp Uganda 14 February 2007 3 March 20082 Maj Gen Francis Okello nbsp Uganda 3 March 2008 7 July 20093 Maj Gen Nathan Mugisha 68 nbsp Uganda 7 July 2009 15 June 2011 69 4 Maj Gen Fredrick Mugisha nbsp Uganda 15 June 2011 69 70 2 May 2012 71 5 Lt Gen Andrew Gutti 72 nbsp Uganda 3 May 2012 16 December 2013 73 6 Lt Gen Silas Ntigurirwa 74 nbsp Burundi 16 December 2013 15 December 20147 Lt Gen Jonathon Kipkemoi Rono nbsp Kenya December 2014 23 December 2015 75 Maj Gen Nakibus Lakara nbsp Uganda December 2015 Temporarily acting in roleMaj Gen Mohamedesha Zeyinu 76 nbsp Ethiopia March 2016 Temporarily acting in role8 Lt Gen Osman Noor Soubagleh 77 nbsp Djibouti 18 July 2016 31 January 20189 Lt Gen Jim Beesigye Owoyesigire 78 nbsp Uganda 31 January 2018 31 January 201910 Lt Gen Tigabu Yilma Wondimhunegn 79 nbsp Ethiopia 31 January 2019 August 202011 Lt Gen Diomede Ndegeya 80 nbsp Burundi August 2020 December 2021 81 Deputy Force Commanders edit No Name Nationality From To Note1 Maj Gen Juvenal Niyoyunguruza nbsp Burundi December 2007 August 2009 Killed in suicide bomb blast at AMISOM headquarters on 17 September 2009 82 2 Maj Gen Cyprien Hakiza nbsp Burundi August 2009 April 20103 Maj Gen Maurice Gateretse nbsp Burundi April 2010 June 20104 Maj Gen Audace Nduwumunsi nbsp Burundi June 20105a Maj Gen Salvatore Harushimana nbsp Burundi Deputy Force Commander Support 5b Maj Gen Simon N Karanja 83 nbsp Kenya 9 April 2012 December 2013 Deputy Force Commander Operations amp Plans 6a Maj Gen Francis Kimeu Nthenge 84 nbsp Kenya 27 November 2013 September 2014 Deputy Force Commander Support amp Logistics 6b Maj Gen Geoffrey Baraba Muheesi 85 nbsp Uganda 27 November 2013 Deputy Force Commander Operations amp Plans 7a Maj Gen Nakibus Lakara 86 nbsp Uganda April 2015 28 October 2016 87 but then remained until 10 April 2017 88 Deputy Force Commander Logistical Support 7b Maj Gen Mohammed Esha Zeyinu 89 nbsp Ethiopia 30 September 2016 90 Deputy Force Commander Operations amp Plans 8a Maj Gen Salvator Harushimana nbsp Burundi 10 April 2017 Deputy Force Commander Administration amp Logistics 88 8b Maj Gen Abreha Tesfay 90 nbsp Ethiopia 1 October 2016 Deputy Force Commander Operations amp Plans 9a Maj Gen Maurice Gateretse nbsp Burundi incumbent December 2018 Deputy Force Commander Support amp Logistics 91 9b Maj Gen Charles Tai Gituai 92 nbsp Kenya February 2018 93 February 2019 Deputy Force Commander Operations amp Plans 10a Maj Gen George Owinow nbsp Kenya incumbent September 2020 Deputy Force Commander Support amp Logistics 94 10b Lt Gen James Nakibus Lakara nbsp Uganda February 2019 95 Deputy Force Commander Operations amp Plans 11a Maj Gen Gerbi Kebede Regassa nbsp Ethiopia January 2021 December 2021 81 Deputy Force Commander Support amp Logistics 96 11b Maj Gen William Kitsao Shume nbsp Kenya incumbent March 2021 97 incumbent Deputy Force Commander Operations amp Plans Chiefs of Staff edit No Name Nationality From To Note1 Col Emmanuel Musinguzi 98 nbsp Uganda 2007 Initially this position was that of Chief Administration Officer for AMISOM 2 Col Innocent Oula 99 nbsp Uganda 2010 2011 3 Col Simon Ocha nbsp Uganda4 Maj Gen Osman Noor Soubagleh nbsp Djibouti mid 2012 2013 The position was elevated to Force Chief of Staff in mid 2012 following the expansion of AMISOM through the inclusion of KDF forces 5 Brig Gen Cyprien Ndikuriyo nbsp Burundi 20146 Brig Gen Ayub Guantai Matiiri 100 nbsp Kenya7 Brig Gen Kittila Bulti Tadesse 101 nbsp Ethiopia8 Brig Gen Kabisa Domitien 102 nbsp Burundi9 Brig Gen Bob Paciesky Ogik nbsp Uganda incumbent May 2021 103 Spokespersons edit No Name Nationality From To1 Capt Paddy Ankunda 104 nbsp Uganda March 2007 February 20082 Maj Barigye Ba Hoku 105 nbsp Uganda February 2008 3 May 20113 Lt Col Paddy Ankunda 106 107 nbsp Uganda 3 May 2011 8 July 20124 Col Ali Aden Houmed nbsp Djibouti 8 July 2012 December 20145 Lt Col Paul Njuguna nbsp Kenya 16 March 2015 April 2016 6 Lt Col Joe Kibet 108 nbsp Kenya April 2016 April 2017 7 Lt Col Wilson Rono nbsp Kenya April 2017 April 20188 Lt Col Richard Omwega nbsp Kenya April 2018 incumbentForce organisation editSectors edit nbsp Extent of AMISOM forces in Somalia On 15 October 2011 Kenyan forces crossed the border into Somalia to attack al Shebaab Subsequently UN Security Council resolution 2036 of 22 February 2012 authorized an increase in AMISOM troop numbers to 17 731 to incorporate the Kenyans 109 This resolution took effect from mid 2012 At this time the initial Ugandan and Burundian AMISOM forces had been successful in largely clearing al Shebaab militants from Mogadishu and the force was organized into new sectors 110 Sector 1 headquartered in Mogadishu and predominantly the domain of the Ugandan Contingent covered the Banadir Middle Shabelle and Lower Shabelle regions Sector 2 headquartered in Kismayu and predominantly KDF responsibility with the anticipated Sierra Leone contingent covered the Gedo Middle Juba and Lower Juba regions Sector 3 headquartered in Baidoa and predominantly the responsibility of the Burundian contingent covering the Bay and Bakool regions Sector 4 headquartered in Belet Weyne and the responsibility of the Djiboutian contingent covering the Hiraan region Later UN Security Council resolution 2124 of 12 November 2013 authorized a troop increase to 22 126 through inclusion of an Ethiopian contingent 111 This took effect in January 2014 when the Sector organisation was modified to 112 Sector 1 Mogadishu Banadir and Lower Shabelle regions UPDF contingent Sector 2 Dobhey Lower and Middle Juba regions KDF contingent with the Sierra Leone contingent operating in a Sector Kismayu until these forces left During January 2016 Ethiopian troops deployed to Kismayo 113 Sector 3 Baidoa Bay Bakool and Gedo regions Ethiopian contingent Sector 4 Belet Weyne Hiiraan region Djiboutian contingent Sector 5 Jowhar Middle Shabelle region Burundi contingentIn January 2017 Kismayo was mentioned as a separate sector Sector 6 under Colonel Paul Njema 114 On 22 November 2017 AMISOM s twitter feed announced that Colonel Frederic Ndayisaba of Burundi was replacing Colonel Paul K Njema of the Kenya Defence Forces KDF as Sector 6 Commander and described this command as a multinational sector composed of Burundian Kenyan and Ethiopian troops based in Kismayo Contingents edit Ugandan contingents edit a Commanders No Name From To Note1 Col Peter Elwelu 115 March 2007 February 2008 With Col Kyazze2 Col Godfrey Golooba 116 February 20083 Col Jack Bakusumba 117 December 2008 September 20094 Col Tumusiime Katsigazi 118 September 2009 18 June 20105 Col Michael Ondoga 119 18 June 2010 3 May 20116 Brig Gen Paul Lokech 68 3 May 2011 November 20127 Brig Gen Michael Ondoga 120 November 2012 23 September 2013Brig Gen Deus Sande 121 23 September 2013 25 September 2013 Acting in role8 Brig Gen Dick Olum 121 25 September 2013 October 20149 Brig Gen Sam Kavuma 122 October 2014 29 November 201510 Brig Gen Sam Okiding 30 November 2015 3 January 2017 123 11 Brig Gen Kayanja Muhanga 124 3 January 2017 123 19 December 201712 Brig Gen Paul Lokech 125 19 December 2017 21 December 201813 Brig Gen Michael Kabango 126 21 December 201814 Brig Gen Richard Otto 127 15 Brig Gen Don Nabasa 128 December 202116 Brig Gen Keith Katungi 129 December 2021 incumbentb Battle groupsFrom the first deployment of Ugandan troops during March 2007 which saw a contingent of two battalions sent to Mogadishu the UPDF contribution to AMISOM had by 2015 expanded to three battle groups each of two or three battalions The following table lists what details are known of the Ugandan battle groups or Ugabag deployed under AMISOM The information presented has been collected from Ugandan press reports largely gleaned from the website Allafrica com and news reports on the AMISOM website Battle Group Commander Arr Somalia Dep Somalia Strength Composition NotesUgabag I Col Peter Elwelu 115 March 2007 1 700 One infantry battalion Col Peter Elwelu and one Armour Motorised Infantry battalion Col Kyazze Lost five personnel 130 Ugabag II December 2007 November 2008 97 officers and 1 600 other ranks Two battalions Lost 3 soldiers with 11 wounded during 11 month deployment although in total nine Ugandans and one Burundian died during the deployment 131 Ugabag III Col Jackson Bakasumba November December 2008 August September 2009 1 700 131 Ugabag IV Col Tumusiime Katsigazi September 2009 1 703 Two battalions 132 Ugabag V May 2010 1 650 Two battalions Ugabag VI Col Ondogu although also given as Lt Col Francis Chemo April 2010 January 2011 Included 23 Bn Lt Col Patrick Tibihwa KIA Jun 2011 133 and possibly also 19 Bn Lt Col Anthony Lukwayo Mbuusi and 69 Bn Lt Col John Mugarula Nine month deployment Lost ten personnel with 30 injured 134 Heavily involved in the battle for Mogadishu 82 Ugabag VII Lt Col Justus Besisira January 2011 1 800 Two battalions 135 Ugabag VIII Col Kayanja Muhanga 7 Bn 29 Bn and 33 Bn Participated in Operation Free Shabelle the May 2012 advance to Afgooye 136 Ugabag IX Col Stephen Mugerwa or Lt Col Frederick Akiiki Rugadya or Lt Col Eugine Ssebugwawo April 2012 May 2013 1 500 but also given as 2 369 Participated in Operation Free Shabelle the May 2012 advance to Afgooye Reinforced by Ugabag IX Col Stephen Mugerwa which included 342 Bn Lt Col John Katongole 136 Ugabag X Col Edison Muwaguzi or Muhanguzi later charged and demoted October 2013 25 Bn Maj Sentamu 39 Bn Lt Col Wamale 45 Bn Maj Ruziro Replaced Ugabag 8 Ugabag XI Col Joseph Balikudembe January 2013 February 2014 1 700 Replaced Ugabag 9 Reinforced by Ugabag XI under Col Hassan Kimbowa from May 2013 Ugabag XII Col Emmy Mulindwa 137 September October 2013 October November 2014 2 930 37 Bn Maj Lugira 43 Bn Maj Ankankunda and 61 Bn Maj Ojuga Lost 17 personnel Participated in Operation Indian Ocean the August October 2014 advance to Barawe 138 Ugabag XIII Col William Bainomugisha then Col Ben Sserwada February 2014 June 2015Ugabag XIV Col Frank Kyambadde October November 2014 November December 2015 2 754 Lost 22 personnel Based at Barawe Replaced Ugabag XII Ugabag XV Col Silvio Aguma April 2016 35 Bn Lt Col Paul Muhanguzi Based at Arbiska New battle group making three in the UPDF contingent Ugabag XVI Col Bosco Mutambi then Col Peter Omola Gatilano June 2015 July 2016 1 400 Included 13 Bn Maj Mwesigye 139 Battle group headquartered at Marka 139 Company base near Janaale was overrun by al Shabab on 1 September 2015 soon after the battle group s deployment to Somalia Nineteen Ugandan troops were killed one captured 140 and 22 injured This led to the replacement of the battle group commander and a later Board of Inquiry 141 Ugabag XVII Col Bob Ogik November 2015 December 2016 2 777 142 Based at Barawe Replaced Ugabag XIV Ugabag XVIII Col Ronald Bigirwa March April 2016 April 2017 143 Based at Arbiska Replaced Ugabag XV Ugabag XIX Col Anthony Mbuusi Lukwago July 2016 July 2017 144 Operated in the Marka area Replaced Ugabag XVI 145 Ugabag XX Col Bernerd Arinaitwe Tuhaise Tuhame 146 December 2016 November 2017 100 2 745 7 Bn 69 Bn and one other Replaced Ugabag XVII 124 Ugabag XXI Col Chris Ogwal April 2017 April 2018 147 Replaced Ugabag XVIII 148 143 Ugabag XXII July 2017 1 Bn and 19 Bn Lt Col Robert Nahamya 149 Replaced Ugabag XIX in the Marka area 150 Later reported to be headquartered at Ceeljaale 151 149 Ugabag XXIII Col Eriazile Zake Okolong November December 2017 December 2018 2 400 152 153 Ugabag XXIV Col Jackson Kayanja 154 Ugabag XXV Col Paul Muwanguzi or Muhanguzi July 2018 July 2019 1 406 Replaced Ugabag XXII 155 156 157 Ugabag XXVI Col Topher Magino To replace Ugabag XXIII 158 Ugabag XXVII Col Sam Kosiya Kutesa September 2020 159 Ugabag XXVIII Col Wilberforce Sserunkuma July 2019 Replacing Ugabag XXV 160 161 Ugabag XXIX Col Edward Kaddu December 2019 April 2021 159 Ugabag XXX Col Jimmy Nabiyu Musoke 162 September 2020 1 800 163 Ugabag XXXI Col Francis Aragmoi 164 December 2021 Ugabag XXXII Col Jonathan Ojok Ochom 165 April 2021 Replaced Uganda Battle Group XXIX Ugabag XXXIII August 2021 1 848 To replace Uganda Battle Group XXX 166 Burundi contingents edit a Commanders No Commander From To1 Brig Gen Juvenal Niyoyunguruza 82 December 2007 June 20092 Brig Gen Prime Niyongabo 74 June 2009 June 20103 Brig Gen Maurice Gateretse 99 June 2010 July 20114 Col Oscar Nzohabonimana 167 July 2011 June 20125 Col Geard Bigirimana 168 June 2012 July 20136 Col Jean Luc Habarugira July 20137 Col Reverien Ndayambaje 169 8 Col Venant Bibonimana June 2016 170 9 Brig Gen Venuste Nduwayo July 2016 171 10 Brig Gen Victor Nduwumukiza June 2018 172 11 Brig Gen Leonidas Niyungeko June 2018 172 12 Brig Gen Richard Banyakimbona incumbent September 2019 173 13 Brig Gen Telesphore Barandereka 174 January 2021 December 2021 175 b BattalionsBurundi sent its first battalion to Mogadishu to join Ugandan troops in AMISOM in December 2007 It took until October 2008 to build the national contingent up to two battalions due in part to a lack of equipment 176 But subsequently the Burundi contingent increased to a six battalion force 177 The Burundi force commitment is frequently cited as 5432 troops which would align with a contingent of six battalions of about 850 personnel each the UN standard together with headquarters and support elements 1 Battalion Arrived December 2007 178 2 Battalion Deployed mid October 2008 176 7 Battalion Lt Col Pontien Hakizimana Served during 2011 and involved in the Battle for Mogadishu 179 8 Battalion 9 Battalion Lt Col Pascal Hakizimana Served during 2011 and involved in the Battle for Mogadishu 179 10 Battalion Lt Col Egide Nitabara Served during 2011 and involved in the Battle for Mogadishu 179 11 Battalion Lt Col Gregoire Ndikumazambo Served during 2011 and involved in the Battle for Mogadishu 179 12 Battalion Lt Col Richard Bimenyimana Served during 2011 and involved in the Battle for Mogadishu 179 26 Battalion Returned home at the end of May 2015 180 27 Battalion Returned home at the end of May 2015 180 28 Battalion Returned home in October 2015 after 14 month deployment 29 Battalion Returned home in November 2015 replaced by 35 Battalion 30 Battalion Returned home in November 2015 replaced by 36 Battalion 31 Battalion 828 personnel Returned home 28 May 2016 32 Battalion Maj John Manirakiza Returned home during July 2016 after year long deployment 181 33 Battalion Maj Richard Nikoyagize Returned home during July 2016 after year long deployment 181 34 Battalion Maj Sylvain Kinigi Deployed October 2015 replacing 28 Battalion and returned home February 2017 182 35 Battalion Deployed November 2015 replacing 29 Battalion 36 Battalion Deployed November 2015 replacing 30 Battalion 37 Battalion Maj Adolphe Kaguruka Deployed May 2016 replacing 31 Battalion Returned home June 2017 183 38 Battalion 850 personnel Deployed July 2016 replacing 32 Battalion 184 185 39 Battalion 850 personnel Deployed July 2016 replacing 33 Battalion 184 185 40 41 and 42 Battalions were scheduled for deployment in November 2016 but this was delayed There was speculation this delay was a result of disappointment within Burundi over delays in EU payments in support of AMISOM and the suggestion by the EU that payments could be made directly to the Burundian troops rather than through the Burundi government or domestic political tensions within Burundi arising from the president running for a third term of office 186 187 188 By January 2017 the Burundi government threatened to withdraw its forces from Somalia altogether arguing that these were a national contingent and not mere mercenaries as would be suggested by the troops receiving payment directly from any third party 189 Subsequently agreement was reached on the question of EU payments and it was announced the Burundi contingents would remain with AMISOM in Somalia 190 40 Battalion Maj Leonidas Nsingirankabo also given as Maj Ladislas Singirankabo Deployed February 2017 replacing 34 Battalion 191 and departed in March 2018 192 41 Battalion Maj Zenon Ntisinzira 192 42 Battalion 43 Battalion Maj Chartier Nyandwi Deployed June 2017 replacing 37 Battalion 193 44 Battalion 45 Battalion Lt Col Philbert Hatungimana Arrived in Somalia August 2017 replacing 39 Battalion and to be deployed to Jowhar 194 55 Battalion Deployed November 2019 and ended tour in May 2021 after an extension due to the Covid 19 pandemic 195 56 Battalion Deployed November 2019 and ended tour in May 2021 after an extension due to the Covid 19 pandemic 195 Ethiopian contingents edit No Name Took command Left command1 Brig Gen Gebremedhin Fikadu Hailu 196 January 2014Kenyan contingents edit nbsp Brig Gen Ngere in Dhobley Somalia September 2012 Contingent Sector 2 Commanders No Name From To1 Brig Gen Anthony Mukundi Ngere 197 July 2012 December 20132 Brig Gen Walter Koipaton Raria 198 December 2013 mid 20153 Brig Gen Daniel C Bartonjo 199 mid 20154 Brig Gen William Shume 200 5 Brig Gen Joakim Mwamburi 192 6 Brig Gen Dickson Ruto February 2020 201 7 Brig Gen Paul Njema February 2020 202 8 Brig Gen Jeff Nyagah 24 Feb 2022 203 9 Brig Gen Jattani Gula 24 Feb 2022 incumbentDjiboutian contingents edit a Sector 4 Commander No Commander Period Notes1 Col Abdourahman Abdi Dhembil 204 Responsible for Sector 4 headquartered in Belet Weyne and covering Hiiraan and Galgaduud regions 2 Col Mohamed Ibrahim Moussa February 2019 to February 2020 205 3 Col Abdirahman Riyale Hared Incumbent January 2021 206 207 4 Col Hassan Jama Farah Incumbent February 2022 208 Deputy Commander Col Yeshiwas Kerbet b Djibouti Contingent Commander No Commander Took command Left command Notes1 Col Osman Doubad 209 210 December 2011 211 Col Osman Doubad is given as Contingent Commander as late as January 2016 204 2 Col Hassan Jama Farah Incumbent July 2016 212 3 Col Abdullahi Muse Omar Incumbent February 2022 208 Sierra Leone contingent edit No Commander Arr Somalia Dep Somalia1 Col Mamadi Mohamed Keita 213 April 2013 4 July 2013 on promotion 214 2 Brig Gen Tamba R Allieu 215 July 2013 January 2015 Leobatt 1 Lt Col Abubakar Conteh 850 strong 216 deployed April 2013 served in Sector 2 under Kenyan Command later in Sector Kismayu under their own command 217 218 Leobatt 1 eventually left Somalia for home only in January 2015 219 Leobatt 2 Lt Col George Mamoud Bangura 220 was announced and intended to relieve Leobatt 1 early in 2014 221 However due to unexplained delays this second battalion completed first phase training only in January 2014 with planned second and third phase training scheduled to last a further three months each 222 It was then planned to relieve the first contingent in August 2014 but an Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa caused further concerns During October 2014 it was announced the second contingent had been in isolation for four months and cleared of Ebola virus 223 but this was quickly followed by an announcement from the Sierra Leone Chief of Defence Staff that the contingent would not travel to Somalia 224 Later during April 2018 a Formed Police Unit of 160 Sierra Leone Police was deployed to AMISOM under the command of Mustafa Solomon Kambeh 225 Civil staff edit The civilian staff of AMISOM has been operating from Nairobi Kenya since 2008 due to the security situation in Mogadishu 226 As of now they number approximately 81 personnel Since the beginning of 2011 AMISOM and TFG has taken control over several strategic places in Mogadishu after several offensives against Al Shabaab With the expanded control over the capital AMISOM on 16 May 2011 moved the civil staff and police officers to Mogadishu This includes Special Representative of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission for Somalia SRCC Ambassador Boubacar Gaoussou Diarra and deputy SRCC Honourable Wafula Wamunyinyi 226 Much of the key logistical support for the force was provided by the United Nations Support Office for AMISOM UNSOA a field mission of the UN Secretariat Department of Field Support The Civilian component was supervised by the Special Representative of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission for Somalia SRCC which was represented on the ground by Ambassador Mahamat Saleh Annadif who oversees the Political Civil Humanitarian Gender and Public Information departments Ambassador Epiphanie Kabushemeye Ntamwana was the civilian Chief of Staff The Chief Administrative Officer Timothy Kiguti heads the support component of the mission which includes administration personnel finance and budgeting logistics and procurement among other issues The Police contingent which provides capacity building both institutional and individual in support of the Somali Police Force was headed by the AMISOM Police Commissioner Anand Pillay Training for contingents editThe United States has provided extensive training for contingents headed for Somalia In the first half of 2012 Force Recon Marines from Special Purpose Marine Air Ground Task Force 12 SPMAGTF 12 trained soldiers from the Uganda People s Defence Force 227 In the northern spring of 2012 March April May Marines from SPMAGTF 12 also trained Burundian soldiers In April and May members of Task Force Raptor 3rd Squadron 124th Cavalry Regiment of the Texas Army National Guard took part in a separate training mission with the BNDF in Mudubugu Burundi SPMAGTF 12 has also sent its trainers to Djibouti another nation involved in the Somali mission to work with an army unit there At the same time U S troops have assisted in training the Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces in preparation for their deployment to Somalia later this year when In June 2012 U S Army Africa commander Major General David R Hogg spoke encouragingly of the future of Sierra Leone s forces in conjunction with Kenya 228 As of June 2012 the RSLAF troops have not yet deployed the Sierra Leonean defence minister said on 23 June 2012 that the battalion might depart for the Horn some time in September 2012 229 In addition a significant amount of support to AMISOM has been provided by private companies Bancroft Global Development headquartered on Washington s Embassy Row employs about 40 South African and European trainers who work with AMISOM s Ugandan and Burundian troops 230 Bancroft director Michael Stock told The EastAfrican that these mentors are embedded with AMISOM units in Mogadishu and southern and central Somalia They coach commanders on how to predict and defeat the tactics which foreign fighters bring from outside East Africa and teach to al Shabaab Bancroft does not receive funding directly from the US government but was instead paid by AMISOM which was then reimbursed by the State Department for these outlays 231 The Associated Press reports that Bancroft has been paid 12 5 million for its work in Somalia since 2008 A security analyst in Somalia listed three primary private security companies private military companies operating in Mogadishu 232 DynCorp who provide logistical support in the Somali capital Bancroft International who provide training to TFG and AMISOM personnel as well as assisting with community service delivery and Pacific Architects amp Engineers Deployment editTroop numbers edit Country Armed personnel current CasualtiesTroops Police Killed Missing or captured nbsp Uganda People s Defence Force 6 223 201 233 110 234 2 700 235 nbsp Burundi National Defence Force 5 432 236 95 234 4 missing 237 1 captured 238 nbsp Ethiopian National Defense Force 4 395 239 2 supposedly 240 nbsp Kenya Defence Forces 3 664 198 48 241 36 118 242 243 nbsp Djibouti Armed Forces 960 244 8 245 246 247 nbsp Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces 0 formerly 850 248 47 249 1 248 nbsp Nigeria Police Force 200 250 nbsp Ghana Police Service 56 251 Total 20 674 550 1 108 234 3 000 252 5 The reason why troops from Sierra Leone were withdrawn was the inability to rotate in fresh soldiers due to the Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone and the surrounding region In response Ethiopia has offered to replace the contingent from Sierra Leone with Ethiopian reinforcements 253 The total number of personnel under AMISOM including armed personnel and civil staff was reportedly around 22 126 84 Before joining AMISOM in January 2014 the Ethiopian Defense Force was believed to have an estimated 8 000 troops in the country 60 It is also believed that some Ethiopian troops in Somalia operate independently from AMISOM 254 Likewise Kenya had troops deployed in Somalia independently before they were brought under the AMISOM umbrella Cameroon Mali Senegal and Zambia were known to have a total of four personnel inserted into AMISOM However it is not known whether they were security or civil personnel 49 255 Furthermore there are also a small number of police officers from Burundi Gambia and Zimbabwe that are inserted into AMISOM 84 Casualties and major incidents editAccording to SIPRI 1 039 AMISOM soldiers were killed in action between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2013 with an additional 69 fatalities in 2014 per AMISOM bringing the total to 1 108 dead from 2009 through 2014 234 March 2007 February 2011 edit AMISOM medical facility records showed 110 Ugandan and 95 Burundian soldiers had died between March 2007 and February 2011 in Somalia Another 798 AMISOM soldiers were wounded 234 Some of the deadliest incidents were 22 February 2009 11 Burundian soldiers were killed and 15 wounded in a double suicide attack on their base in Mogadishu 23 29 July 2009 An epidemic of Leptospirosis hit the Burundian and Ugandan military camps in Mogadishu killing three Burundian and two Ugandan soldiers Another 18 Burundian soldiers were placed in quarantine About 50 Burundian and 17 Ugandan soldiers were evacuated for medical treatment to Nairobi Kenya 256 257 17 September 2009 17 soldiers were killed and 29 wounded in a suicide attack by Islamist rebels on the headquarters of the African Union force in Mogadishu At least four civilians were also killed and more than 10 wounded 12 of those killed were Burundian soldiers and five were Ugandan Among the dead was the AMISOM deputy commander Maj Gen Juvenal Niyonguruza from Burundi Also one of the wounded was AMISOM commander Gen Nathan Mugisha from Uganda 258 23 February 4 March 2011 53 82 AU troops were killed in clashes with al Shabab fighters during an offensive in Mogadishu 190 other AMISOM troops were also wounded 259 In addition a Burundian soldier was captured alive by militants 238 These were at the time the heaviest losses since AMISOM deployed 43 of those killed were confirmed as Burundian soldiers and 10 as Ugandans 259 Also 110 of the wounded were Burundians Beside the 43 killed in action four Burundian soldiers were declared missing in action 237 March December 2011 edit 5 March A Burundian soldier was injured by the controlled explosion of a car bomb of al Shabab militants 260 AMISOM forces won back the rebel controlled town of Bulo Hawo with the help of forces loyal to the Somali government 261 17 March Six AU soldiers were killed in heavy clashes between Somali government troops backed by AMISOM in Mogadishu and al Shabab militants citation needed 12 May 11 June 12 AU soldiers were killed including 7 Ugandans and 13 injured during the Bakaara market offensive in Mogadishu 29 July Four Ugandan soldiers were killed and five wounded during clashes in Mogadishu An AMISOM tank was also destroyed 262 263 264 1 August At least two AMISOM soldiers were killed and others wounded in a suicide attack on an AMISOM base in Mogadishu 265 10 October One AMISOM soldier was killed and six injured in an operation in North East of Mogadishu The former Pasta Factory and critical junction Ex Control Bal ad are after that in Government hands 266 20 October At least 70 Burundian soldiers were killed and their bodies filmed and paraded by Al Shabaab following the battle of Deynile Mogadishu 267 268 An unknown number of soldiers were wounded One AU armoured vehicle was also destroyed in the fighting 269 270 23 October Two AU soldiers were wounded when a suicide bomber blew himself up near a convoy of AU peacekeepers in Mogadishu 271 29 October Al Shabab militants attacked an AMISOM compound injuring two AU soldiers in the Somali capital Mogadishu 272 25 December A Burundian soldier was killed by an improvised explosive device and two others were wounded in Mogadishu 273 2012 edit 14 January A Ugandan soldier was killed by a Somali soldier in Mogadishu The reasons for the act are unknown 274 20 January Two AU soldiers were injured in a military offensive to consolidate security in Mogadishu 275 2 March Two Ugandan soldiers were injured during the capture of the city of Maslah 276 29 March Four Burundian soldiers were wounded in a battle on Daynile District on Mogadishu 277 31 5 August Kenyan soldiers were missing after the capture of Miido A search and rescue was mounted Three other soldiers were injured 278 Three of the soldiers were found alive two days later but the fate of the other two soldiers remained unknown 279 A few days later their bodies were shown in a video posted by the insurgents 280 19 September Two AMISOM troops were injured during the capture of Janaa Cabdalla town located 50 kilometres to the west of the port city of Kismayo in the Lower Jubba region 281 24 October Four Ugandan soldiers were killed by a bomb while advancing towards Baidoa 282 29 3 October 4 Ugandan soldiers were killed and seven wounded in an attack by two suicide bombers on an AMISOM base in Mogadishu 283 19 November At least two Kenyan soldiers who are part of the African Union AU peacekeeping force in Somalia were killed in Garissa a base for security forces in Kenya fighting insurgents in neighbouring Somalia Kenya s army spokesman said on Monday 284 2014 edit 11 March 2014 At least two AMISOM peacekeepers were injured as AMISOM and Somali troops advanced into areas close to coastal town of Barawe and Qoryoley 285 18 March 2014 At least three Dijiboutian soldiers were killed in a hotel attack on the town of Bulo burde 246 5 April 2014 During joint AMISOM Somali incursion to liberate the town of Wabxo Al Shabaab fighters claimed to have killed Ethiopian troops from AMISOM and posted photos on social media showing fighters posing over two unidentified bodies in uniform with AMISOM patches Ethiopian script helmets and various weapons 240 24 May 2014 Three Ugandan peacekeepers died in an attack by thirteen Al Shabaab militants on the Somali Parliament alongside four Somali soldiers and a police officer In addition four Ugandans were wounded but in stable condition The attack started with a car bomb driven into the parliament building s entrance and ended with eleven of the attackers killed while the other two detonated suicide bombs 286 26 May 2014 Two Kenyan soldiers in a supply convoy were killed in an ambush by suspected Al Shabaab militants near the town of Lamu in an area close to the Ras Kamboni region Kenyan officials confirm that some other Kenyan soldiers were wounded while one militant was killed They also state that they are in pursuit of the attackers who fled after the ambush 287 13 June 2014 A roadside bomb that was detonated near the town of Bulo Burde injured six AMISOM and Somali soldiers At least three of the casualties were from the Djibouti contingent and were airlifted to Mogadishu for medical attention after the attack 288 26 June 2014 Militants from Al Shabaab launched an attack on the town of Bulo Burde which has been besieged by militants and cut off from road access since it came under government control in March Witnesses say that the attack lasted thirty minutes and began when militants stormed a military base established in a hotel complex before they were driven back by the combined force of the SNA and AMISOM Al Shabaab claimed responsibility and claimed to have killed six soldiers while the AU commander Ibrahim Ali stated that two Djiboutian peacekeepers one civilian and two militants were killed 247 16 August 2014 AMISOM accompanied by FGS forces launched Operation Indian Ocean against Al Shabaab held pockets in the countryside 289 25 August 2014 Ethiopian AMISOM troops assisted by Somali government forces capture Tiyeglow from Al Shabaab as part of Operation Indian Ocean Situated around 530 km northeast of Mogadishu along the main road linking Beledweyne and Baidoa Tiyeglow previously served as a base for the insurgent group Witnesses indicate that the Al Shabaab fighters gave no resistance during the raid fleeing instead to adjacent forested areas However al Shabaab planted roadside explosive devices before fleeing According to AMISOM the successful military operation deprives the insurgent group of high extortion fees that it would previously charge to vehicles traveling along the town s principal road The siege also now gives the Somali government full control of the Bakool province 290 September 2014 Human Rights Watch published a report accusing a few soldiers within the Ugandan and Burundian contingents of AMISOM of sexual misconduct on two of the mission s bases in Mogadishu 291 The African Union issued an official statement denying the allegations which it characterized as isolated cases largely involving a single rogue soldier It also pledged to investigate the charges and indicated that a number of internal mechanisms had been instituted to prevent mitigate and discipline any transgressions 292 6 September 2014 Somali government forces assisted by Ethiopian troops seize El Garas in the Galguduud province from Al Shabaab According to the Somali military spokesman Mohamed Kariye Roble the village was a main base for the insurgent group serving as both a springboard from which it would launch attacks and a supply storage area 293 12 September 2014 Ugandan and Kenyan AMISOM forces conduct security operations in Lagta Berta in Lower Juba where Al Shabaab had established two bases after vacating Barawe The militant group incurs significant fatalities during the raid including foreign insurgents and a number of its fighters are also injured The attack destroys the Al Shabaab hideout facility 294 13 September 2014 Somali government forces and AMISOM troops capture Aboreey Moqokori Yasooman and Muuse geel villages in the Bulobarte district from Al Shabaab The militants mount no resistance 295 Additionally Somali government forces and AMISOM troops seize Abooto barrey Ceel Sheel Carraale and Kaawada villages in the Galguduud province s El Bur district from Al Shabaab 295 18 December 2014 The Sierra Leonian contingent 850 troops leaves AMISOM and is not replaced Main reason for their departure is the Ebola outbreak in their home country During their stay in Somalia the Sierra Leone troops suffered 1 dead and 6 wounded They were based in Kismayo 248 In response Ethiopia has offered to replace the contingent from Sierre Leon with Ethiopian reinforcements 253 26 December 2014 Eight Al Shabaab militants dressed in Somali uniforms launched an attack on an AMISOM base near Mogadishu International Airport which is also home to a United Nations office and several embassies All militants were killed while five AMISOM peacekeepers and one foreign contractor were killed 296 Sexual abuse report edit Human Rights Watch investigation uncovers evidence of sexual exploitation of women Western backed African Union troops in Somalia gang raped women and girls as young as 12 and traded food aid for sex Human Rights Watch has said An investigation uncovered evidence of sexual exploitation of women seeking medicine for sick babies at what they assumed was the safety of AU military bases Human Rights Watch documented cases in a 71 page report published on 8 September 2014 with recommendations to the African Union the United Nations the Somali government and AMISOM donors UN EU UK and US The African Union dismissed the Human Rights Watch claims as isolated cases 297 298 299 2015 edit 21 March 2015 Somali National Army forces and AMISOM troops launch a security sweep in the Bulo Burde district to clear an Al Shabaab blockade in the area The cleanup operation commences in Beledweyne with the joint forces removing militants from settlements on both sides of the main road leading towards the district center Casualties include around five SNA troops and one AMISOM soldier Local officials do not issue a statement pending arrival at Bulo Burde 300 19 April 2015 Al Shabaab insurgents attack Kenyan AMISOM troops in the southern Delbio area of Somalia The insurgents reportedly shoot at the Kenyan soldiers vehicle with a gunfight ensuing AMISOM fatalities include three dead troops Officials indicate that eight wounded AMISOM soldiers are also being transported to Nairobi for treatment The militants reportedly retreat into the forest 301 Al Shabaab also attack AMISOM troops that are garrisoned between Lego and Baledogle According to AMISOM Colonel Paul Njuguna three soldiers are killed in the ensuing skirmish He adds that the Somali National Army and AMISOM are endeavoring to liberate the remaining areas under insurgent control with Al Shabaab in a much weaker state than only two years prior 302 26 June 2015 At least 50 Burundian soldiers with potential excesses of over 70 were reported killed in an attack on their base by Al Shabab The attack occurred in Leego near the capital of Mogadishu It is stated that AMISOM was preparing for an offensive in the region while Al Shabab was bringing in reinforcements to counter it 303 1 September 2015 Between 20 50 AMISOM peacekeepers are killed after the Janale base 90 km 55 miles south east of the capital is overrun by Al Shabab militants 304 After bombing a bridge to eliminate a potential escape route and breaching the gate with a car bomb Al Shabab militants were able to enter and take over the base 305 AMISOM peacekeepers were stated to have withdrawn After looting the base of weaponry the militants withdrew and AMISOM troops were seen retaking the area There have also been reports of troops taken captive during the assault 306 2016 edit On 15 January a Kenyan company base at El Adde manned by a detachment of 9 Battalion Kenya Rifles was overrun by al Shabaab Several soldiers were captured including Private Leonard Maingi who was later murdered by the terrorist group in August 2017 Reports of casualties among the KDF detachment were confused but a later report suggested around 150 Kenyan soldiers died in the attack with some of their bodies being dragged publicly through the streets of nearby towns by the terrorists 307 308 309 On 19 March 2016 two Kenyan soldiers were killed and five others wounded when their convoy was ambushed by terrorists in Lower Juba During the engagement 21 al Shabaab fighters were reported killed 310 al Shabaab lost several of their leaders to U S airstrikes during May 2016 311 312 al Shabaab fighters attacked an AMISOM base in June 2016 313 During November Lieutenant Dedan Karithi Karuti 26 of 17 Battalion Kenya Rifles was killed when the vehicle in which he was traveling was struck by an improvised explosive device on the Warei Elwak road 314 2017 edit During January al Shabaab released a video showing the murder of a Ugandan soldier Private M Y Masasa who had been captured in September 2015 when the AMISOM base at Janaale was overrun by al Shabaab 315 316 On 2 January two suicide car bombs targeted a security checkpoint near the airport and a hotel 317 On 4 January three UN soldiers were wounded by an explosion near their headquarters in Mogadishu 317 On 24 January an attack on a hotel in Mogadishu left 28 people dead On 25 January at least 25 people were killed in an al Shabaab suicide assault on the Somali Parliament building Two suicide car bombs were used in the assault 317 On 27 January a Kenyan base near Kulbiyow town in the Lower Juba region was attacked by al Shabaab According to some reports the base manned by members of 15 Battalion Kenya Rifles was overrun and up to 50 Kenyans killed Kenyan reports say the base was successfully defended and put their death toll at nine 318 319 320 On 2 February a civilian was injured when a car bomb exploded near his house 317 On 19 February a car bomb detonated at a Mogadishu market killing at least 30 people 317 On 27 February a number of Somali National Army SNA soldiers were wounded by a car bomb 317 On 28 February a Somali government official was assassinated when an IED fitted under the driver s seat of his car exploded 317 On 2 March it was announced that at least 57 al Shabaab fighters had been killed in an attack by the Kenyan Defence Force The KDF spokesman was reported as saying KDF soldiers operating under AMISOM engaged al Shebaab militants at a location 31 km northwest of Afmadow close to Subow centre using artillery fire and supported by helicopter gunships 321 On 12 March a Somali journalist survived an assassination attempt after an IED fitted to his car exploded 317 On 13 March a Somali military base in Mogadishu was targeted by a car bomb killing three and wounding five 317 On 13 March a popular hotel was targeted leaving six dead 317 On 21 March ten people were killed and 12 others wounded when a car bomb detonated at a security checkpoint 317 On 24 March a car bomb targeted a popular cafe and hotel near the presidential palace 317 On 27 March it was announced that 31 al Shabaab fighters had been killed during KDF raids on two bases 322 On 5 April 5 eight people were killed outside the Ministry of Youth and Sports headquarters by a car bomb 317 On 9 April a suicide bomber in a vehicle unsuccessfully targeted the new SNA commander General Mohamed Ahmed Jimale as his convoy left a military base in Mogadishu 323 Fifteen SNA soldiers were killed including several high ranking officers and 20 others were wounded in the attack 317 On 10 April 2017 Kenyan sources announced that 15 al Shabaab fighters had been killed when their camp 4 km west of Catamaa and approximately 104 km from El Wak was shelled and then assaulted 324 On 19 April a Djibouti soldier was killed by a member of the SNA following an argument in Bula burte town Hiiraan region 325 On 7 May a Somali intelligence official survived an assassination attempt after an IED fitted to his car exploded on Maka al Mukarama Street Mogadishu 317 On 8 May a cafe on Maka al Mukarama Street Mogadishu was targeted by a car bomb killing five and leaving ten others wounded 317 On 15 May police intercepted and later destroyed a car bomb intended to target the National Theatre On 17 May a car bomb was intercepted but later accidentally detonated killing three and wounding two others 317 On 24 May eight people were killed and 15 others wounded in a car bomb targeting a police checkpoint 317 On 14 June eleven people were killed in an al Shabaab suicide car bomb attack near a restaurant and hotel in Mogadishu 317 On 20 June six people were killed when a car bomb detonated near a local government administration office in Mogadishu s Wadajir district 317 On 22 June a police station on Maka al Mukarama Street Mogadishu was targeted by a car bomb 317 On 19 July a car bomb detonated outside the Ministry of Youth and Sports headquarters wounding one Somali intelligence official 317 On 30 July five soldiers were killed by a car bomb near a security checkpoint on Maka al Mukarama Street 317 On 30 July a joint SNA Ugandan convoy was ambushed at Goryowein in the Lower Shabelle region some 140 km southwest of Mogadishu as they patrolled the Mogadishu Barawe road a major supply route for forward bases Reports of casualties varied but Uganda admitted to losing 12 soldiers with another seven wounded in the attack 326 On 31 July a Somali intelligence official was targeted by an IED attached to his car The official and two civilians were wounded 317 During August al Shabaab released a video showing the murder of a Kenyan soldier Leonard Maingi who had been captured in January 2016 when the Kenyan base at El Adde was overrun by al Shebaab 327 On 4 August four people were killed and six others wounded in a car bomb targeting The Ambassador Hotel on Maka al Mukarama Street 317 On 10 August a suicide bomber was stopped at a security checkpoint on Maka al Mukarama Street The bomber escaped but the bomb later detonated killing one civilian and wounding three others 317 On 14 August an IED fitted under a taxi killed at least one person near the Jazeera Palace Hotel 317 On 27 August a car bomb detonated injuring two people on Maka al Mukarama Street 317 On 11 September a car bomb killed one person and injured four others near a cafe and hotel on Maka al Mukarama Street 317 On 20 September a Somali intelligence official was assassinated when a bomb on his car exploded in Mogadishu 317 On 24 September Somali General Abdullahi Mohamed Sheikh Qururuh and his bodyguard were assassinated by gunmen in Mogadishu 328 On 28 September a car bomb outside a restaurant killed seven people 317 On 29 September Somali sources reported 30 people 12 soldiers and 18 insurgents killed in an al Shebaab attack on an SNA base in Barire 47 km southwest of Mogadishu al Shebaab sources reported 30 government soldiers killed and 11 vehicles captured by them 329 On 14 October a large vehicle borne explosive device detonated at a busy crossroads in Mogadishu killing at least 300 people While al Shebaab did not claim responsibility for this attack it was widely believed to have been the work of this terrorist group 317 On 25 October a Ugandan soldier and two civilians were reported killed by al Shebaab insurgents in an ambush on the outskirts of Mogadishu which also left four terrorists dead 330 On 28 October five al Shabaab terrorists detonated a car bomb outside a Mogadishu hotel before assaulting the building and killing civilians Up to 23 people were killed along with two of the terrorists before Somali security forces were able to end the attack Three surviving terrorists were captured 331 A second suicide car bomb detonated near the former Parliament house 317 2018 edit On 23 February twin car bomb explosions in Mogadishu killed at least 38 people The first targeted the presidential palace Villa Somalia while the second bomb apparently targeted a hotel 332 On 23 February Ugandan soldiers shot dead three Somalia National Army SNA personnel in Mogadishu after a Ugandan vehicle convoy was apparently fired upon by the Somalis 333 On 1 March two soldiers were killed and five other people wounded in an al Shebaab suicide car bomb attack on a checkpoint 15 km outside Mogadishu 334 On 2 March five Burundian soldiers were reported killed in an al Shebaab ambush on a military convoy near Balad 30 km north of Mogadishu On the same day a suicide bomb attack on a SNA base at Afgoye and subsequent IED attack resulted in five SNA personnel and a suicide bomber dying 334 On 2 April al Shebaab launched coordinated attacks on three Ugandan bases at Qoryoley Buulo Mareer and Golweyn Initial reports gave casualties as 36 al Shebaab killed with four Ugandan soldiers killed and six wounded 335 Subsequent reports from Uganda gave conflicting accounts of their casualties but it seems likely six Ugandans died On 11 April U S forces destroyed a Shebaab vehicle borne improvised explosive device VBIED in the vicinity of Jana Cabdalle some 50 km northwest of Kismayo This was reported to be the twelfth air strike by American forces in Somalia during 2018 336 On 12 April al Shebab detonated a bomb at a soccer stadium in Baraawe killing at least five people 336 In the early hours of 24 April a Burundian base in the Arba ow area near Elasha Biyahawas on the outskirts of Mogadishu was reported attacked by insurgents 337 On 25 April a UPDF convoy in the El Waregow area outside the port city of Merka was reported to have been targeted by a road side IED which was followed by an insurgent attack 338 On 9 May a roadside bomb in the town of Wanlaweyn some 90 km northwest of Mogadishu killed at least five people when it exploded 339 Other reports attribute the explosion to a suicide bomber targeting a khat market and say that eleven civilians were killed 340 or ten killed and fifteen wounded 341 On 10 May a second explosion in Wanlaweyn killed seven Somali soldiers and wounded a further two when a road side bomb targeted the vehicle in which they were travelling 339 The casualty list was also reported as ten soldiers killed 340 On 12 May fighting in the village of Halfoley near the town of Jalalaqsi in the Hiran region between Somali soldiers and villagers against al Shebaab tax collectors left 13 insurgents dead 341 Also on 12 May a bomb in a market in the Bulomarer district killed four civilians and wounded five 341 On 31 May a U S air strike 50 km southwest of Mogadishu was reported to have killed 12 al Shebaab insurgents This was said to be the fifteenth U S air strike in Somalia during 2018 342 On 2 June U S forces conducted their sixteenth air strike in Somalia for 2018 Twenty seven terrorists were reported killed in the strike near the town of Bosaso in Puntland 343 344 Although the true success of this and other U S air drone strikes in Somalia must remain in doubt as there seems to have been no ground follow up and so no enemy bodies were recovered or enemy personnel individually identified no prisoners taken no documents captured no weapons or equipment recovered On 8 June fighting was reported between Somalia National Army forces and al Shebaab when the insurgents attacked the town of El Wak in what was believed to be a continuation of intensified attacks over Ramadan 345 On 8 June a Somali soldier was assassinated in a market in Afgoye 346 During 8 and 9 June al Shebaab attacks on a joint Somali Kenyan U S base 2 km north of the town of Sanguni led to the deaths of a U S Special Forces soldier and two Somali soldiers with another four U S personnel wounded The base was reported to have then been abandoned 347 348 On 11 June at least five Somali soldiers were killed and three others injured in an insurgent attack near Teed 30 km north of Huddur in the Bakool region 349 On 1 July a mortar bombardment apparently aimed at an AMISOM base in the suburb of Halane Mogadihsu killed five people and injured another ten 350 On 7 July two suicide bombings followed by an attempt to storm Somalia s Ministry of Interior in Mogadishu left at least 10 people dead and another 20 wounded 351 On 13 14 July al Shebaab attacked the Police Commissioner s residence in Baidoa killing three soldiers and injuring four 352 On 14 July two car bombs were detonated in Mogadishu targeting the presidential palace compound 351 On 23 July Somali forces reportedly repulsed an insurgent attack on one of their bases near Bar Sanguuni Lower Juba region killing 87 insurgents while losing six of their own men Al Shebaab claimed with some supporting photographic evidence to have overrun the base and killed 27 government troops 353 354 On 27 August U S Forces reportedly killed three terrorists in an air strike 40 km southwest of Mogadishu This was apparently the 21st air strike by U S forces to be carried out against al Shebaab during 2018 355 On 11 September al Shabaab attacked government forces in Mubaraak village some 60 km west of Mogadishu killing one of the government troops 356 On 21 September al Shebaab attacked government forces in a position 50 km southwest of Mogadishu In response U S forces launched air strikes that reportedly killed 18 insurgents A further two insurgents were said to have been killed by the defending government troops 356 On 1 October U S forces reportedly killed nine insurgents and wounded one other in an air strike some 40 km northeast of Kismayo The air strike was said to be in response to an insurgent attack on government forces 357 On 1 October a suicide bomber drove a car into an EU Italian military convoy outside the Jaalle Siyad military base in the Hodan district of Mogadishu killing two civilians and injuring another four 358 On 13 October two suicide bombers detonated explosive devices in the town of Baidoa killing 15 civilians 359 On 14 October a third al Shebaab attack on Somali government forces in just over a month occurred near Araara triggering a U S air strike in response The air strike was reported to have killed four terrorists 360 2019 edit 2020 edit 29 May 2020 The Security Council reauthorized the AU Mission in Somalia AMISOM until 28 February 2021 361 2021 edit On 11 December 2021 al Shebaab claimed responsibility for an IED attack on AU peacekeepers in which four Burundian soldiers died in the vicinity of Buurane and Mahaday towns in the Middle Shabelle region 362 2022 editThe 14 year long AMISOM mission came to an end in March 2022 and it was replaced by a Somali led operation the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia ATMIS 363 See also editUnited Nations Security Council African Union United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur African Union led Regional Task Force Multinational Joint Task Force Force Intervention Brigade Intergovernmental Authority on Development Islamic Courts Union Transitional Federal Government Somali Civil War diplomatic and humanitarian efforts References editConstructs such as ibid loc cit and idem are discouraged by Wikipedia s style guide for footnotes as they are easily broken Please improve this article by replacing them with named references quick guide or an abbreviated title March 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message United Nations Security Council Resolution 1772 S RES 1772 2007 page 3 2007 dead link Musoma Albert Lusiola 27 April 2021 Military Diplomacy Strategies Applied by AMISOM in Restoration of Peace and Security in the Horn of Africa African Journal of Empirical Research 2 1 amp 2 41 55 doi 10 51867 ajer v2i1 5 ISSN 2709 2607 a b c 69th meeting of the peace and Security Council Agence de Presse Africaine 22 January 2007 Archived from the original on 28 August 2007 Retrieved 9 February 2007 a b United Nations Security Council 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SNA Soldiers Killed in Lower Shabelle IED Blast Radio Dalsan Mogadishu 10 May 2018 a b c Thirteen militants 4 Civilians Killed in Market Blast Fighting Voice of America Washington DC 14 May 2018 Gutowski A 2018 US strikes Shabaab again outside Mogadishu The Long War Journal 2 June 2018 accessed 8 June 2018 lt https www longwarjournal org archives 2018 06 strike outside mogadishu php gt Roggio B amp Gutowski A 2018 US kills 27 Shabaab terrorists in rare northern Somalia strike The Long War Journal 5 June 2018 accessed 8 June 2018 lt https www longwarjournal org archives 2018 06 shabaab northern php gt US Airstrike Kills 27 Terrorist Fighters in N Somalia Voice of America Washington DC 5 June 2018 Alshabaab and Govt Troops in Deadly Clash over El Wak Dalsan Radio Mogadishu 8 June 2018 Gunmen Kill Somali Soldier in Afgoye Outside Mogadishu Shabelle Media Network Mogadishu 9 June 2018 Maruf H 2018 New Details Emerge in Attack That Killed U S Soldier Voice of America Washington DC 11 June 2018 Jubbaland and U S Troops Vacate Town Outside Kismayo After Attacks Shabelle Media Network Mogadishu 10 June 2018 Maruf 2018 Govt Condemns Mortar Attack in Mogadishu That Left 5 Dead Shabelle Media Network Mogadishu 2 July 2018 a b Weiss C 2018 Shabaab targets presidential palace with suicide assault The Long War Journal 16 July 2018 lt https www longwarjournal org archives 2018 07 shabaab targets presidential palace with suicide assault php gt Al Shabaab Carries Out Attack in Baidoa Kills At Least 3 Soldiers Shabelle Media network Mogadishu 14 July 2018 Yusuf M 2018 Army 87 Militants Killed as Attack Repulsed Voice of America Washington DC 25 July 2018 Weiss C 2018 Shabaab releases photos from inside joint US Somali Kenyan base The Long War Journal 24 July 2018 lt https www longwarjournal org archives 2018 07 shabaab releases photos from inside joint us somali kenyan base php gt Roggio B amp Gutowski A 2018 U S military on track to match record 2017 for airstrikes in Somalia The Long War Journal 29 August 2018 lt https www longwarjournal org archives 2018 08 shabaab strike mogadishu php gt a b Roggio B amp Gutowski A 2018 Shabaab launches another attack on US and partner forces The Long War Journal 24 September 2018 lt https www longwarjournal org archives 2018 09 shabaab attack php gt U S Airstrike Kills 9 Al Shabaab Militants Voice of America Washington DC 3 October 2018 Maruf H 2018 Al Shabaab Attacks EU Convoy in Mogadishu Two Killed Voice of America Washington DC 3 October 2018 Hassan M O 2018 Two Blasts in Somali Town Kill at Least 15 Voice of America Washington DC 14 October 2018 Roggio B amp Gutowski A 2018 Shabaab attacks Somali force in southern Somalia The Long War Journal 15 October 2018 lt https www longwarjournal org archives 2018 10 shabaab attack 2 php gt African Union Mission in Somalia AMISOM Reauthorisation Security Council Report 28 May 2020 Al Shabaab kills 4 African Union peacekeepers in Somalia www aa com tr Retrieved 11 December 2021 AU starts second phase of discussion over new mission in Somalia Garowe Online 30 June 2020 Retrieved 10 March 2022 Further reading editPaul D Williams 2018 Fighting for Peace in Somalia A History and Analysis of the African Union Mission AMISOM 2007 2017 Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 872454 4 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to African Union Mission to Somalia Official website nbsp nbsp Media related to African Union Mission to Somalia at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title African Union Mission to Somalia amp oldid 1186223619, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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