The Intergovernmental Authority on Development was established in 1996. It succeeded the earlier Intergovernmental Authority on Drought and Development (IGADD), a multinational body founded in 1986 by Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, Uganda and Kenya, with a focus on development and environmental control. IGADD's headquarters were later moved to Djibouti, following an agreement signed in January 1986 by the member states. Eritrea joined the organization in 1993, upon achieving independence.[8]
In April 1995, the Assembly of Heads of State and Government met in Addis Ababa, where they agreed to strengthen cooperation through the organization. This was followed with the signing of a Letter of Instrument to Amend the IGADD Charter / Agreement on 21 March 1996. The Revitalised IGAD, a new organizational structure, was eventually launched on 25 November 1996 in Djibouti.[8]
IGAD expanded its activities in 2008 with initiatives to improve the investment, trade and banking environments of member states. The organization stressed the deployment of highly innovative programmes and mechanisms.
Structureedit
The Assembly of Heads of State and Government is the supreme policy making organ of the Authority. It determines the objectives, guidelines and programs for IGAD and meets once a year. A Chairman is elected from among the member states in rotation.
The Secretariat is headed by an Executive Secretary appointed by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government for a term of four years renewable once. The Secretariat assists member states in formulating regional projects in the priority areas, facilitates the coordination and harmonization of development policies, mobilizes resources to implement regional projects and programs approved by the council and reinforces national infrastructures necessary for implementing regional projects and policies. The current Executive Secretary is Workneh Gebeyehu of Ethiopia (since 29 November 2019).[11]
The Council of Ministers is composed of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs and one other Minister designated by each member state. The Council formulates policy, approves the work program and annual budget of the Secretariat during its biannual sessions.
The Committee of Ambassadors comprises IGAD member states' Ambassadors or Plenipotentiaries accredited to the country of IGAD Headquarters. It convenes as often as the need arises to advise and guide the Executive Secretary.
Ambassador Mahboub Maalim handed over as Executive Secretary [12] to Workneh Gebeyehu in late 2019. Maalim, a Kenyan nominee, had served from 2008 to 2019.
2: Proposed for pillar REC, but objecting participation.
3: Non-African members of GAFTA are excluded from figures.
a: The area 446,550 km2 used for Morocco excludes all disputed territories, while 710,850 km2 would include the Moroccan-claimed and partially-controlled parts of Western Sahara (claimed as the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic by the Polisario Front). Morocco also claims Ceuta and Melilla, making up about 22.8 km2 (8.8 sq mi) more claimed territory.
^"Intergovernmental Authority on Development: About us: History". IGAD. 9 January 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
^"Eritrea rejoins East African bloc IGAD". Reuters. 28 July 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
^Befekadu Bogale (2014). "Eritrea's Relation with IGAD and the OAU/AU: The Domestic and International Dynamics". Turkish Journal of International Relations. 13 (3): 4.
^"Eritrea rejoins east Africa trade and security bloc IGAD after 16 years". africanews. 14 June 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
^. Reuters Africa. 25 November 2011. Archived from the original on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 25 October 2012.
^Şafak, Yeni. "Regional bloc suspends South Sudan's membership over failure to pay fees". Yeni Şafak (in Turkish). Retrieved 2021-12-11.
^ ab"IGAD - About us". Intergovernmental Authority on Development. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
^"SOMALIA: African Union endorses regional peace plan". IRIN. 14 September 2006. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
^"Resolution 1744 (2007)" (PDF). United Nations Security Council. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
^. igad.int. Archived from the original on 2020-02-02. Retrieved 2019-12-01.
^"Executive Secretary Hails Italy's Support to IGAD". Intergovernmental Authority on Development. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
External linksedit
IGAD official site
Conflict Early Warning and Response Mechanism (CEWARN)
January 19, 2024
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This article needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information June 2022 The Intergovernmental Authority on Development IGAD is an eight country trade bloc in Africa It includes governments from the Horn of Africa Nile Valley and the African Great Lakes It is headquartered in Djibouti Intergovernmental Authority on Development IGAD الهيئة الحكومية للتنميةAutorite intergouvernementale pour le developpementSeal Member states Suspended statesHeadquartersDjibouti DjiboutiOfficial languagesEnglishMembership7 states Horn of Africa Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia SomaliaNile Valley South Sudan note 1 African Great Lakes Kenya UgandaLeaders ChairAbdalla HamdokEstablishmentJanuary 1986 As IGADD 1996Area Total5 204 977 km2 2 009 653 sq mi GDP PPP estimate Total 337 82 billionGDP nominal estimate Total 393 042 billion Per capita 888 5Time zoneUTC 3 East Africa Time Websiteigad wbr int Contents 1 Member states 2 Formation 3 IGASOM AMISOM 4 Current situation 5 Structure 6 Comparison with other regional trade blocs 7 See also 8 Notes 8 1 Footnotes 9 External linksMember states editHorn of Africa nbsp Djibouti founding member since 1986 nbsp Ethiopia founding member since 1986 nbsp Somalia founding member since 1986 nbsp Eritrea admitted 1993 withdrew 2007 attempted to rejoin in 2011 1 2 3 rejoined 2023 4 Nile Valley nbsp Sudan founding member since 1986 withdrew 2024 5 nbsp South Sudan admitted 2011 6 suspended December 2021 7 African Great Lakes nbsp Kenya founding member since 1986 nbsp Uganda founding member since 1986 Formation editThe Intergovernmental Authority on Development was established in 1996 It succeeded the earlier Intergovernmental Authority on Drought and Development IGADD a multinational body founded in 1986 by Djibouti Ethiopia Somalia Sudan Uganda and Kenya with a focus on development and environmental control IGADD s headquarters were later moved to Djibouti following an agreement signed in January 1986 by the member states Eritrea joined the organization in 1993 upon achieving independence 8 In April 1995 the Assembly of Heads of State and Government met in Addis Ababa where they agreed to strengthen cooperation through the organization This was followed with the signing of a Letter of Instrument to Amend the IGADD Charter Agreement on 21 March 1996 The Revitalised IGAD a new organizational structure was eventually launched on 25 November 1996 in Djibouti 8 IGASOM AMISOM editMain article AMISOM In September 2006 the AU Peace and Security Council approved an IGAD proposal to deploy an IGAD Peace Support Mission in Somalia IGASOM 9 On 21 February 2007 the United Nations Security Council approved Resolution 1744 which authorized the deployment of a new African Union Mission to Somalia AMISOM in place of IGASOM 10 Current situation editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Intergovernmental Authority on Development news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message IGAD is a principal supporter of the Federal Government of Somalia and backed it through the AMISOM and ATMIS initiatives IGAD expanded its activities in 2008 with initiatives to improve the investment trade and banking environments of member states The organization stressed the deployment of highly innovative programmes and mechanisms Structure editThe Assembly of Heads of State and Government is the supreme policy making organ of the Authority It determines the objectives guidelines and programs for IGAD and meets once a year A Chairman is elected from among the member states in rotation The Secretariat is headed by an Executive Secretary appointed by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government for a term of four years renewable once The Secretariat assists member states in formulating regional projects in the priority areas facilitates the coordination and harmonization of development policies mobilizes resources to implement regional projects and programs approved by the council and reinforces national infrastructures necessary for implementing regional projects and policies The current Executive Secretary is Workneh Gebeyehu of Ethiopia since 29 November 2019 11 The Council of Ministers is composed of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs and one other Minister designated by each member state The Council formulates policy approves the work program and annual budget of the Secretariat during its biannual sessions The Committee of Ambassadors comprises IGAD member states Ambassadors or Plenipotentiaries accredited to the country of IGAD Headquarters It convenes as often as the need arises to advise and guide the Executive Secretary Ambassador Mahboub Maalim handed over as Executive Secretary 12 to Workneh Gebeyehu in late 2019 Maalim a Kenyan nominee had served from 2008 to 2019 Comparison with other regional trade blocs editAfrican Economic CommunityPillar regionalblocs REC Area km Population GDP PPP US Memberstates millions per capita EAC 4 810 363 312 362 653 833 622 3 286 7ECOWAS CEDEAO 5 112 903 349 154 000 1 322 452 3 788 15IGAD 5 233 604 294 197 387 225 049 1 197 7AMU UMA a 6 046 441 106 919 526 1 299 173 12 628 5ECCAS CEEAC 6 667 421 218 261 591 175 928 1 451 11SADC 9 882 959 394 845 175 737 392 3 152 15COMESA 12 873 957 406 102 471 735 599 1 811 20CEN SAD a 14 680 111 29Total AEC 29 910 442 853 520 010 2 053 706 2 406 54Other regionalblocs Area km Population GDP PPP US Memberstates millions per capita WAMZ 1 1 602 991 264 456 910 1 551 516 5 867 6SACU 1 2 693 418 51 055 878 541 433 10 605 5CEMAC 2 3 020 142 34 970 529 85 136 2 435 6UEMOA 1 3 505 375 80 865 222 101 640 1 257 8UMA 2 a 5 782 140 84 185 073 491 276 5 836 5GAFTA 3 a 5 876 960 1 662 596 6 355 3 822 5During 2004 Sources The World Factbook 2005 IMF WEO Database Smallest value among the blocs compared Largest value among the blocs compared 1 Economic bloc inside a pillar REC 2 Proposed for pillar REC but objecting participation 3 Non African members of GAFTA are excluded from figures a The area 446 550 km2 used for Morocco excludes all disputed territories while 710 850 km2 would include the Moroccan claimed and partially controlled parts of Western Sahara claimed as the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic by the Polisario Front Morocco also claims Ceuta and Melilla making up about 22 8 km2 8 8 sq mi more claimed territory This box viewtalkeditSee also editEast African Community EAC Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa COMESA Notes editFootnotes edit Suspended Intergovernmental Authority on Development About us History IGAD 9 January 2010 Retrieved 29 December 2014 Eritrea rejoins East African bloc IGAD Reuters 28 July 2011 Retrieved 2 October 2023 Befekadu Bogale 2014 Eritrea s Relation with IGAD and the OAU AU The Domestic and International Dynamics Turkish Journal of International Relations 13 3 4 Eritrea rejoins east Africa trade and security bloc IGAD after 16 years africanews 14 June 2023 Retrieved 2 October 2023 https www foxnews com world sudan suspends ties east african bloc paramilitary leaders summit invitation amp East African bloc admits South Sudan as member Reuters Africa 25 November 2011 Archived from the original on 5 May 2012 Retrieved 25 October 2012 Safak Yeni Regional bloc suspends South Sudan s membership over failure to pay fees Yeni Safak in Turkish Retrieved 2021 12 11 a b IGAD About us Intergovernmental Authority on Development Retrieved 25 August 2013 SOMALIA African Union endorses regional peace plan IRIN 14 September 2006 Retrieved 25 August 2013 Resolution 1744 2007 PDF United Nations Security Council Retrieved 25 August 2013 IGAD countries leaders applaud Dr Workneh s appointment as executive secretary igad int Archived from the original on 2020 02 02 Retrieved 2019 12 01 Executive Secretary Hails Italy s Support to IGAD Intergovernmental Authority on Development Retrieved 24 June 2014 External links editIGAD official site Agreement Establishing the Intergovernmental Authority on Development IGAD Profile Institute for Security Studies Conflict Early Warning and Response Mechanism CEWARN Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Intergovernmental Authority on Development amp oldid 1196423779, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
