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Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes

February 16, 2024

A series of occasional armed skirmishes and firefights have occurred along the Afghanistan–Pakistan border between the Afghan Armed Forces and the Pakistan Armed Forces since 1949. The latest round of hostilities between the two countries began in April 2007.[7] Militants belonging to Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan and Jamaat-ul-Ahrar also use Afghanistan's territory to target Pakistani security personnel deployed along the border.[3][8][9][10][11][12] The Diplomat says that the presence of terrorists belonging to Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan on Afghan soil is the reason for sporadic shelling of Afghanistan's territory by Pakistani security forces.[13]

Afghanistan–Pakistan skirmishes
Part of Taliban insurgency – Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa


The Durand Line (in red) border between Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Date1949–50, 1960–61, 1973–92, 2007–present
Location
Eastern Afghanistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, along the international border
Status Occasional clashes[6]
Belligerents

 Afghanistan[a]
Supported by:
Soviet Union (1960–1991)[1]

Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (since 2012)[2][3]
Jamaat-ul-Ahrar (2015–2020)[4][5]		  Pakistan[b]
Commanders and leaders

1949–1950
1960–1961
Mohammed Zahir Shah
(Former King of Afghanistan)

1973–1992
Mohammed Daoud Khan (Former President of Afghanistan)
Nur Muhammad Taraki (Former General Secretary of Afghanistan)
Hafizullah Amin
(Former General Secretary of Afghanistan)
Babrak Karmal
(Former General Secretary of Afghanistan)
Mohammad Najibullah
(Former President of Afghanistan)

2007–present
Hibatullah Akhundzada
(Leader of Afghanistan)
Ashraf Ghani
(Former President of Afghanistan)
Hamid Karzai
(Former President of Afghanistan)

Noor Wali Mehsud
(Leader of TTP)
Fazal Hayat †
(Former Leader of TTP)
Hakimullah Mehsud †
(Former Leader of TTP)
Omar Khalid Khorasani †
(Leader of JuA)

1949–1950
Liaquat Ali Khan

1960–1961
Ayub Khan
(Former President of Pakistan)

1973–1992
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
(Former President of Pakistan)
Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry
(Former President of Pakistan)
Sheikh Anwarul Haq
(Former Acting President of Pakistan)
Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry
(Former President of Pakistan)
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
(Former President of Pakistan)
Ghulam Ishaq Khan
(Former President of Pakistan)

2007–present
Pervez Musharraf
(Former President of Pakistan)
Muhammad Mian Soomro
(Former Acting President of Pakistan)
Asif Ali Zardari
(Former President of Pakistan)
Mamnoon Hussain
(Former President of Pakistan)
Arif Alvi
(President of Pakistan)
Units involved

Afghan Army

  • (Taliban forces)

Afghan National Security Forces (until 2021)

Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (until 1992)

Pakistan Armed Forces (Northern Command)

Background edit

Hostilities existed between Afghanistan and the newly independent Pakistan since 1947,[14] when Afghanistan became the only country to vote against the admission of Pakistan to the United Nations.[15] Before Pakistan's independence, Afghanistan advocated the independence of its north-west frontier,[16] although the region's predominant Pashtun population had voted overwhelmingly in favor of Pakistan over India in the referendum held in July 1947. 99.02% votes were cast in favor of Pakistan.[17][18] Though the proposed Pashtunistan state by Afghanistan fluctuated in size over time,[19] the Balochistan province of Pakistan was also frequently included in the Greater Pastunistan definition to gain access to the Arabian sea in case Pakistan failed as a state,[14] as Afghanistan had expected, but the idea became unpopular.[15]

The International border between British India and Afghanistan was established after the 1893 Durand Line Agreement between British Mortimer Durand of British India and Amir Abdur Rahman Khan of Afghanistan for fixing the limit of their respective spheres of influence. The single-page agreement, which contains seven short articles, was signed by Durand and Khan, agreeing not to exercise political interference beyond the frontier line between what was then the Emirate of Afghanistan and what was also then the British Indian Empire.[20] The Durand Line was reaffirmed as the International Border between Afghanistan and British India in the 1919 Anglo-Afghan War after the Afghan independence. The Afghans undertook to stop interference on the British side of the line in the subsequent Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919 in Rawalpindi.[21]

Pakistan inherited the Durand Line agreement after its independence in 1947, but the Afghan Government has always refused to accept the Durand Line Agreement. Afghanistan has several times tried to seize Pakistan's western provinces of Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The then Afghan Prime Minister, Muhammad Hashim, said "if an independent Pashtunistan cannot be set up, the frontier province should join Afghanistan. Our neighbor Pakistan will realize that our country, with its population and trade, needs an outlet to the sea, which is very essential", in an interview with the Statesman.[14] In 1949, Pakistan Air Force bombed the Afghan sponsored militant camps in border areas including an Afghan village to curb an unrest led by Ipi Faqir propagating independent Pashtunistan.[22] Border clashes were reported in 1949–50 for the first time.[15]

On 30 September 1950, Pakistan claimed that Afghan troops and tribesmen had crossed into Pakistan's Balochistan, resulting in the Afghan invasion of Pakistan. The low-scale invasion was repelled after six days of fighting. The Afghan government denied its involvement and claimed that they were pro-Pashtunistan Pashtun tribesmen.[23]

Tensions soared with the Pakistani One Unit program, and both countries withdrew ambassadors and diplomatic staff in 1955. The Pakistani Embassy in Kabul and consulates in Kandhar and Jalalabad were attacked by mobs.[14][15] In 1960, major skirmishes broke with the Afghan Forces massing out on the Afghan side of the border with tanks. These skirmishes saw the Pakistan Air Force bombarding Afghan forces. This bombardment led to a brief hiatus in the skirmishes. On 6 September 1961, Kabul formally severed diplomatic relations with Pakistan.[16] In 1950 the House of Commons of the United Kingdom held its view on the Afghan-Pakistan dispute over the Durand Line by stating:

His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom has seen with regret the disagreements between the Governments of Pakistan and Afghanistan about the status of the territories on the North West Frontier. It is His Majesty's Government's view that Pakistan is in international law the inheritor of the rights and duties of the old Government of India and of his Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom in these territories and that the Durand Line is the international frontier.[24]

— Philip Noel-Baker, 30 June 1950

At the 1956 SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) Ministerial Council Meeting held at Karachi, capital of Pakistan at the time, it was stated:

The members of the Council declared that their governments recognised that the sovereignty of Pakistan extends up to the Durand Line, the international boundary between Pakistan and Afghanistan, and it was consequently affirmed that the Treaty area referred to in Articles IV and VIII of the Treaty includes the area up to that Line.[25]

— SEATO, 8 March 1956

The Afghan government, having secured a treaty in December 1978 that allowed them to call on Soviet forces, repeatedly requested the introduction of troops in Afghanistan in the spring and summer of 1979. The 1979 Soviet–Afghan War forced millions of Afghans to take refuge inside Pakistan. Pakistani officials feared that the Soviet Union began some kind of military show down and that Pakistan or at least its Balochistan province was next on the Soviet agenda. During the early 1980s, multi-national mujahideen forces (consisting of about 100,000 fighters from forty different Muslim countries in addition to 150,000 local fighters) found support from the United States, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Iran in the context of the Cold War. They were trained by Pakistani military in its frontier region around the Durand Line.[26] The Soviet Union decided to withdraw in 1989 and when aid dried up on Afghanistan in 1992, a civil war began. This was followed by the rise and fall of the Taliban government. Since late 2001, as high as 140,000 NATO-led troops were stationed in Afghanistan to train Afghans and rebuild their war-torn country. In the meantime, the Taliban insurgency began around 2004.[27][28] To counter the insurgency and bring stability in Afghanistan, the United States built bases and garrisons for the Afghan National Security Forces, and is using unmanned aerial vehicles to carry out drone attacks in Pakistan, mainly the Haqqani network in and around the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA).

In September 2017, Brad Sherman, a US lawmaker, suggested conditioning US aid to Afghanistan to the recognition of Durand Line. He added:

I realise that's tough. They'll say, oh, don't—but the fact is, as long as Afghanistan leaves open the idea that they're claiming Pakistani territory, it’s going to be very hard to get the Pakistanis involved, as we need them involved, in controlling the Afghan Taliban.[29]

— Brad Sherman, 7 September 2017

Islamic Republic era skirmishes edit

The following is an incomplete list of recent events relating to the Afghanistan–Pakistan skirmishes. Most of these events cannot be independently verified because news journalists usually have very limited access to reaching the areas where the fighting take place.

  • 13 May 2007 – An armed clash broke out between Pakistan Army and Afghan National Army. According to Afghan sources, clashes erupted when Pakistan Army established a border military post inside Afghan territory in Zazai district.[30] While according to Pakistani officials, clashes erupted when Afghan soldiers opened firing on five to six border posts in Kurram tribal region in North-West Pakistan.[30] Governor of Paktika province, Rahmatullah Rahmat, said that as many as 41 Afghans were either killed or injured in the clash. Other Afghans sources state that 13 Afghans[31] (9 Afghan soldiers and 4 civilians) were killed. 3 soldiers of Pakistan Army were also injured in the clash.[32]
  • 3 February 2011 – One Pakistani and 7 Afghan soldiers were killed and three others injured after a clash broke out along the border between Pakistani and Afghan forces including an Afghan Colonel. 3 Afghan Soldiers were also arrested by Pakistani Forces which were later returned. An Afghan commander in Khost confirmed the exchange of fire and alleged that the incident broke out after Pakistani troops in Waziristan opened fire towards Afghan police posts in Gurbuz District, claiming the Afghan engagement as retaliation. However, a Pakistani military official in Peshawar said that the Afghan troops fired on a Pakistan army check post in Ghulam Khan, North Waziristan and that the fire emanated from Afghan territory first. "We are responding with artillery and mortars," he added.[33]
  • June 2011 – Afghanistan blamed Pakistan for killing dozens of Afghan civilians in cross-border shelling conducted for several months. The Afghan government called for the immediate cessation of the artillery fire from Pakistan against Afghan villages. Afghan Army spokesman Mohammad Zahir Azimi said around 150 missiles fired from Pakistan had landed in different areas of Kunar province.[34]
  • July 2011 – Afghan officials alleged that around 42 Afghans were killed while another 48 were injured as a result of Pakistan military shelling in Nangarhar, Kunar and Nuristan provinces of Afghanistan. Afghan officials claim that the Pakistani military have been shelling these areas for the past five weeks. The attacks drew widespread condemnation from Afghan security officials and Tribal elders.[35][36][37] In Kabul, around 200 people gathered to protest and condemn cross-border shelling and bombardment of eastern Afghanistan's provinces.[38] However, Pakistan rejected Afghan government accusations, saying a "few accidental rounds may have been fired when it chased unknown militants who had crossed from Afghanistan and attacked its security installments".[38] Moreover, Afghan Border Police officials also acknowledged the presence of terrorist belonging to Tehrik-i-Taliban (Pakistan) in areas where shelling took place. Afghan border police officials stated that after NATO forces had withdrawn from Kunar and Nangarhar provinces, terrorist belonging to Tehrik-i-Taliban (Pakistan) moved in behind fleeing Afghan civilians.[39]
  • 19 July 2011 – Pakistani officials stated that over 20 mortar shells were fired from Afghanistan which killed 4 Pakistani soldiers and wounded another 2. Pakistan blamed the Afghan National Army for the attack.[40]
  • 27 August 2011 – at least 2 Pakistani security personnel were killed and seven others injured in Chitral after militants crossed the border from Nuristan province and initiated firing. The Pakistani government blamed Afghanistan, saying since their expulsion from Pakistani tribal areas, militants were regrouping in Kunar and Nuristan with the support of local Afghan authorities.[41]
  • 7 September 2011 – Protesters from Chitral staged a demonstration outside the Peshawar Press Club against an alleged continuous Taliban infiltration into Pakistan from Afghanistan, including the abduction of 30 Pakistani children a week ago on the day of Eid ul-Fitr. The protestors said they would stand against insurgents if their region was attacked in the future and blamed the Afghan government, insisting that Afghan authorities and NATO forces were failing to contain Afghanistan-based militants. The protestors also urged the need to increase the presence of border forces and called on the federal government to take up the issue with the Afghan government to avoid future incidents.[42]
  • 25 September 2011 – Afghan authorities claimed that more than 340 rockets had been fired over the course of four days from Pakistani territory. The rockets damaged a few buildings, resulted in the death of a child and also forced hundreds to flee their homes. An employee from the Afghan Ministry of the Interior did not disclose the source of the cross-border shelling but said: "We call on Pakistan, whoever is behind the attacks, to prevent it immediately."[43]
  • 10 October 2011 – Pakistani security forces stated that they killed 30 Afghan militants when a group of 200 militants from Afghanistan crossed the border into Pakistan. One Pakistani soldier was also killed in the clash.[44]
  • 12 January 2012 – Pakistani Special Forces Troops from elite Special Services Group entered 4 to 5 km deep inside Afghan borders from Lower Dir area in pursuit of militants. Afghan Forces opened fire in retaliation, 11 Afghan Soldiers were killed in the exchange of fire. Pakistan immediately withdrew without any casualties. Afghanistan also blamed SSG Commandos for taking away the body of a killed Afghan Army Major.
  • 2 May 2013 – An armed clash took place between Pakistan and Afghan soldiers. The clash resulted in death of 1 Afghan Border Police officer. 2 Afghan border police personnel were also injured. While 2 personnel of Pakistan's Frontier Constabulary were also injured in the attack.[45][46]
  • 8 June 2013 – Pakistan Army Aviation Bell AH-1 Cobra Gunship Helicopters crossed the border from North Waziristan into Paktia and hit 3 TTP Targets before returning.
  • 31 May 2014 – Around 150 to 300 Militants belonging to Tehrik-i-Taliban (Pakistan) attacked a group of Pakistan military post at Nao top in Bajaur District. Pakistani military said that it successfully repelled the attack. In the attack 1 Pakistani soldiers and 16 militants belonging to Tehrik-i-Taliban were killed. According to Pakistani officials, gunship helicopters were also used to target Taliban positions in Afghanistan. Afghan defense minister General Bismillah Khan Mohammadi acknowledged that Pakistan military post was attacked by Talibans from Afghanistan side of the border. However, Afghan officials claim that the Pakistani gunship helicopters had crossed into Afghan territory. They claim that 4 Afghan civilians were killed and 10 others were injured as result of strikes conducted by those gunship helicopters.[3]
  • 4 June 2014 – Pakistani officials stated that terrorist from Afghanistan launched an attack on Pakistan's border post in Bajaur Agency. According to Pakistani officials, around 4 Pakistani soldiers were killed while 3 others were injured in the attack. Terrorist belonging to Tehrik-i-Taliban (Pakistan) were responsible for the attack. The attack was preceded by 31 May 2014 attack which also took place in Bajaur Agency. In the attack, 14 terrorist belonging to Tehrik-i-Taliban (Pakistan) were killed. Pakistani officials also stated that one of their border guard was killed while two others were injured. The attack by the terrorist on the border post was repelled successfully.[47]
  • 24 June 2014 – Afghan officials alleged that Pakistani soldiers have crossed the border and have conducted an attack on Afghan soldiers in Afghan territory. Afghan officials stated that the incursion took place in Kunar Province of Afghanistan and 3 Afghan National Army (ANA) soldiers and 8 Afghan civilians were killed in the attack.[48]
  • 20 December 2014 – JF-17 Thunders from Pakistan Air Force Western Air Command flew into Afghanistan in Kunar Province and reportedly hit 27 targets. Air strikes were carried out in three phases throughout the night and reportedly 50 militants were killed. An Afghan soldier was also killed when an Afghan mobile patrol was mistakenly identified as a militant vehicle by Pakistani aircraft, SSG was also sent in to get the bodies of as many militants as possible. ANA troops did not retaliate against the Pakistani aircraft as the Ministry of Defence (Afghanistan) directed them not to engage Pakistani forces.
  • 23 August 2015 – Four Pakistani soldiers manning a border post were killed and four more injured in a rocket attack which originated from Afghanistan. The Pakistan military stated that it eliminated the group of militants responsible for the attack. This followed an attack on 16 and 17 August in which three Frontier Constabulary officers had also been killed.[49]
  • 13–16 June 2016 – Pakistan and Afghan military clashed along the Torkham border for a period of three days.[50][51] One Pakistan army Major, Ali Jawad Changezi, was injured in the clashes along Torkham border and later died in a hospital in Peshawar on 14 June. Four Pakistani border guards and nine civilians were also injured in the clashes that lasted for three days. According to Pakistan, Afghan army started unprovoked firing at roughly 9pm on Sunday to disrupt the construction of a gate 37 meters inside the Pakistani side of the border.[52][53] The gate is designed to curb illegal cross-border movement and check the movement of terrorists, and is part of the greater under-construction Pakistan–Afghanistan barrier.[52] The Torkham border crossing was forced to close due to skirmishes.[54] According to Afghan officials, three Afghan soldiers[50] and two Afghan civilians[55] were killed as a result of Pakistan army firing. Seventeen Afghan soldiers were also reported to be injured in the three days clash.[56] According to some reports Pakistan Army had captured three Afghan border outposts.[57] On 15 June 2016, Pakistan restarted the construction of the border gate on the Torkham border.[58]
  • 17–19 February 2017 – Over 48 hours, the Pakistani Army fired scores of missiles on Goshta District and Lal Pur District in Nangarhar province and Sirkanay District of Kunar province. Pakistani artillery rounds destroyed a dozen sites belonging to terrorist groups like Jamaat-ul-Ahrar and Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan, killing 15 to 20 terrorists and injuring many more.[59][5][60][61] According to reports, Pakistan's cross-border shelling left more than 2,000 families homeless.[62] This took place one day after the Sehwan suicide bombing in which ISIL-KP bombed the revered Sufi Shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar in Pakistan's Sindh province, killing 91 people and wounding 300 others. The Afghan foreign ministry protested the shelling by Pakistan on its territory.[63]
  • 5 March 2017 – Afghan officials claimed that Pakistan military has been shelling parts of Kunar province and Nangarhar province for the past two weeks. Afghan officials claim that 4 Afghan civilians were killed and dozen others were wounded in the shelling. Afghan reports claim that Pakistan military had fired more than 500 rockets which had in turn had made 500 families homeless.[64]
  • 5 May 2017 – In the 2017 Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmish, a Pakistani census team in Chaman was attacked by Afghan forces and in return Pakistani forces attacked the Afghan Army. At least seven Afghan soldiers and two Pakistani soldiers were killed, as well as at least two civilians. At least 30 civilians were wounded.[65]
  • 5 April 2018 – Afghan government officials claim that the Pakistan Air Force had conducted airstrikes in Kunar province of Afghanistan which has caused 'huge financial losses' for the Afghan government. According to Afghan government officials, Pakistan Air Force dropped around four bombs within Afghanistan's territory.[66] However, Pakistan officials rejected Afghan government allegations and termed them baseless. Pakistani officials stated that the Pakistan security forces were countering militants groups based in Afghanistan, who had launched attacks against the Pakistani security forces.[67]
  • 15 April 2018 – Cross-border fire between the Pakistani Army and Afghan forces conducting routine "surveillance" in the Kurram Agency left two Pakistani soldiers dead and five others injured.[68]
  • February 2019 – Afghan officials wrote to United Nation Security Council (UNSC) regarding consistent violation of Afghan territory by Pakistani security forces. Afghan officials claim that from 2012 to 2017, 82 Afghan people have been killed and 183 were injured as result of Pakistani security forces attacks.[69]
  • 3 April 2019 – An Afghan-based Kharoti tribe, clashed with Pakistan's Sulaimankhel tribe in Zarmailan area in Toykhula tehsil near the Pak-Afghan border. Reports suggest that clash broke out when members of the Afghan Kharoti tribe took up positions on the hilltop in Zarmailan area and started firing at the local population on the Pakistani side. In response, Pakistan's Sulaimankhel tribe, retaliated which forced Afghan Kharoti tribe to flee while leaving behind their weapons. Seven Afghan Kharoti were also injured in the clash. The Sulaimankhel tribe was led by Malik Ibrahim Jalalkhel, Gulbahar Khan Sulimankhel and other local elders.[70][71][72]
  • 1–2 May 2019 – On 1 May 2019, Pakistan military officials stated that around 70–80 terrorists from Afghanistan, launched attack on Pakistani soldiers who were constructing a border fence along the Pakistan-Afghanistan border. Pakistani military officials stated that they successfully repulsed the attack, killing scores of terrorists while forcing others to withdraw. In the clash, three Pakistani soldiers were also killed, while seven others were injured. Pakistan summoned the Afghan diplomat to lodge strong protests against the attack and urged the Afghan government to take action against the terrorists operating from the Afghan soil.[73] On 2 May 2019, Afghan officials claimed that four Afghan civilians were killed and five others wounded as result of cross border shelling by Pakistani forces in Khost Province. Afghanistan summoned the Pakistani diplomat to protest over Pakistani military's "violation of Afghan Airspace and launching rockets" that caused casualties and damage.[74]
  • 21 September 2020 - 1 Pakistani soldier was killed during a cross border attack on a military checkpost in Bajaur District. According to a statement by the military, the shooting came from the Afghan side of the frontier.[75]

Islamic Emirate era skirmishes edit

  • 26 August 2021 – A Pakistani soldier was killed in a cross border attack on a military checkpost in Lower Dir District. In response, Pakistan Army troops killed 2 terrorists and injured 3 others.[76]
  • 29 August 2021 – Gunfire from Afghanistan killed two Pakistani soldiers in Bajaur District in the second such incident since the Taliban took over Kabul. In retaliation the army said it killed 2-3 terrorists and injured 3-4 more.[77]
  • 24 December 2021 – A clash took place between Taliban forces and the Frontier Corps at several points along the Afghanistan-Pakistan border. According to Afghan villagers and tribal elders, Pakistani forces started shelling parts of Kunar province in response to firing by militants associated with Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) on Pakistani soldiers deployed along the border. Soon after, the Afghan Taliban also started firing artillery targeting areas on Pakistan side of the border from Sarkano and Dangam districts of Kunar province.[78] According to Afghan media outlets, one Afghan civilian was injured in the shelling[79] and the areas affected by the Pakistani forces shelling were Dangam, Shaltan, Sarkano and Marawar districts of Kunar province. The shelling had also caused financial losses to the local residents, according to the Afghan media.[80] No loss of life was reported on the Pakistan's side.[81]
  • 6 February 2022 – Five Pakistani troops are killed after "militants from inside Afghanistan" opened fire on a border post in Kurram District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The army says that it retaliated, causing heavy casualties among the militants. The Taliban government denies that the firing came from within Afghan territory.[82]
  • 24 February 2022– Pakistan and Taliban forces clashed in Spin boldak area with each side accusing the other of initiating the fire fight. Two civilians were killed and six others were injured on the Afghanistan's side as result of the clash. No loss of life was reported on the Pakistan's side. The Taliban spokesman announced that the situation in the area is under control now and that they will investigate further to why the two sides clashed.[83]
  • April 2022 – On 9 April 2022, clashes occurred between the Pakistani border guards and the Islamic Emirate Army in Nimruz Province, Afghanistan. The casualties were unstated. On 15 April 2022, Pakistani soldiers again reportedly clashed with Taliban forces around 9 p.m in Gurbuz District, Khost Province, killing two Taliban fighters.[84] This led to Pakistani airstrikes in Afghan provinces of Khost and Kunar killing unknown numbers of TTP militants as claimed by Pakistani media.[85]
  • 13 September 2022 – In the border area of Afghanistan's Paktia province and Pakistan's Kurram province, gunfire was exchanged between Taliban and Pakistani forces, resulting in casualties on both sides. The Taliban alleged that Pakistani forces were attempting to build a military outpost near the border, which Taliban spokesperson Balal Karimi said was against the "rules". Karimi further alleged that Taliban forces were fired upon when they approached the Pakistani troops for questioning. The Pakistan Armed Forces released a statement saying that terrorists had "opened fire upon Pakistani troops" across the border.[86]
  • 13 November 2022 - During the early morning of 13 November, Taliban and Pakistani Border Guards exchanged gunfire at the Spin Boldak-Chama border crossing in Southern Kandahar. 1 Pakistani guard was killed, while another 2 were injured. The Taliban has stated that it had no casualties during the skirmish. [87][88] The crossing was closed for indefinite period after the skirmish.[89]
  • 11 December 2022 - At least six civilians have been killed by firing from Afghan forces near the Chaman border. According to the Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR), heavy weapons including artillery and mortars were used in the firing by Afghan forces.[90][91] Pakistan fired missiles in retaliation killing one Afghan soldier.[92]
  • 15 December 2022 - One civilian was killed and 11 injured when Taliban forces shelled the Chaman border crossing with mortars.[93]
  • 19 February 2023 - The Afghan Taliban fired with Pakistani border guards and shut border crossing Torkham.[94]

See also edit

Notes edit

^ a: 

^ b: 

References edit

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February 16, 2024
afghanistan, pakistan, border, skirmishes, series, occasional, armed, skirmishes, firefights, have, occurred, along, afghanistan, pakistan, border, between, afghan, armed, forces, pakistan, armed, forces, since, 1949, latest, round, hostilities, between, count. A series of occasional armed skirmishes and firefights have occurred along the Afghanistan Pakistan border between the Afghan Armed Forces and the Pakistan Armed Forces since 1949 The latest round of hostilities between the two countries began in April 2007 7 Militants belonging to Tehrik i Taliban Pakistan and Jamaat ul Ahrar also use Afghanistan s territory to target Pakistani security personnel deployed along the border 3 8 9 10 11 12 The Diplomat says that the presence of terrorists belonging to Tehrik i Taliban Pakistan on Afghan soil is the reason for sporadic shelling of Afghanistan s territory by Pakistani security forces 13 Afghanistan Pakistan skirmishesPart of Taliban insurgency Insurgency in Khyber PakhtunkhwaThe Durand Line in red border between Afghanistan and Pakistan Date1949 50 1960 61 1973 92 2007 presentLocationEastern Afghanistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa along the international borderStatusOccasional clashes 6 Belligerents Afghanistan a Supported by Soviet Union 1960 1991 1 Tehrik i Taliban Pakistan since 2012 2 3 Jamaat ul Ahrar 2015 2020 4 5 Pakistan b Commanders and leaders1949 19501960 1961 Mohammed Zahir Shah Former King of Afghanistan 1973 1992 Mohammed Daoud Khan Former President of Afghanistan Nur Muhammad Taraki Former General Secretary of Afghanistan Hafizullah Amin Former General Secretary of Afghanistan Babrak Karmal Former General Secretary of Afghanistan Mohammad Najibullah Former President of Afghanistan 2007 present Hibatullah Akhundzada Leader of Afghanistan Ashraf Ghani Former President of Afghanistan Hamid Karzai Former President of Afghanistan Noor Wali Mehsud Leader of TTP Fazal Hayat Former Leader of TTP Hakimullah Mehsud Former Leader of TTP Omar Khalid Khorasani Leader of JuA 1949 1950 Liaquat Ali Khan 1960 1961 Ayub Khan Former President of Pakistan 1973 1992Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Former President of Pakistan Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry Former President of Pakistan Sheikh Anwarul Haq Former Acting President of Pakistan Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry Former President of Pakistan Muhammad Zia ul Haq Former President of Pakistan Ghulam Ishaq Khan Former President of Pakistan 2007 present Pervez Musharraf Former President of Pakistan Muhammad Mian Soomro Former Acting President of Pakistan Asif Ali Zardari Former President of Pakistan Mamnoon Hussain Former President of Pakistan Arif Alvi President of Pakistan Units involvedAfghan Army Taliban forces Afghan National Security Forces until 2021 Afghan National Army ANA Afghan Border Police ABP Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan until 1992 Afghan Air Force 99th Missile Brigade KhAD SarandoyPakistan Armed Forces Northern Command Pakistan Army XI Corps Frontier Corps Pakistan Air Force Contents 1 Background 2 Islamic Republic era skirmishes 3 Islamic Emirate era skirmishes 4 See also 5 Notes 6 ReferencesBackground editHostilities existed between Afghanistan and the newly independent Pakistan since 1947 14 when Afghanistan became the only country to vote against the admission of Pakistan to the United Nations 15 Before Pakistan s independence Afghanistan advocated the independence of its north west frontier 16 although the region s predominant Pashtun population had voted overwhelmingly in favor of Pakistan over India in the referendum held in July 1947 99 02 votes were cast in favor of Pakistan 17 18 Though the proposed Pashtunistan state by Afghanistan fluctuated in size over time 19 the Balochistan province of Pakistan was also frequently included in the Greater Pastunistan definition to gain access to the Arabian sea in case Pakistan failed as a state 14 as Afghanistan had expected but the idea became unpopular 15 The International border between British India and Afghanistan was established after the 1893 Durand Line Agreement between British Mortimer Durand of British India and Amir Abdur Rahman Khan of Afghanistan for fixing the limit of their respective spheres of influence The single page agreement which contains seven short articles was signed by Durand and Khan agreeing not to exercise political interference beyond the frontier line between what was then the Emirate of Afghanistan and what was also then the British Indian Empire 20 The Durand Line was reaffirmed as the International Border between Afghanistan and British India in the 1919 Anglo Afghan War after the Afghan independence The Afghans undertook to stop interference on the British side of the line in the subsequent Anglo Afghan Treaty of 1919 in Rawalpindi 21 Pakistan inherited the Durand Line agreement after its independence in 1947 but the Afghan Government has always refused to accept the Durand Line Agreement Afghanistan has several times tried to seize Pakistan s western provinces of Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa The then Afghan Prime Minister Muhammad Hashim said if an independent Pashtunistan cannot be set up the frontier province should join Afghanistan Our neighbor Pakistan will realize that our country with its population and trade needs an outlet to the sea which is very essential in an interview with the Statesman 14 In 1949 Pakistan Air Force bombed the Afghan sponsored militant camps in border areas including an Afghan village to curb an unrest led by Ipi Faqir propagating independent Pashtunistan 22 Border clashes were reported in 1949 50 for the first time 15 On 30 September 1950 Pakistan claimed that Afghan troops and tribesmen had crossed into Pakistan s Balochistan resulting in the Afghan invasion of Pakistan The low scale invasion was repelled after six days of fighting The Afghan government denied its involvement and claimed that they were pro Pashtunistan Pashtun tribesmen 23 Tensions soared with the Pakistani One Unit program and both countries withdrew ambassadors and diplomatic staff in 1955 The Pakistani Embassy in Kabul and consulates in Kandhar and Jalalabad were attacked by mobs 14 15 In 1960 major skirmishes broke with the Afghan Forces massing out on the Afghan side of the border with tanks These skirmishes saw the Pakistan Air Force bombarding Afghan forces This bombardment led to a brief hiatus in the skirmishes On 6 September 1961 Kabul formally severed diplomatic relations with Pakistan 16 In 1950 the House of Commons of the United Kingdom held its view on the Afghan Pakistan dispute over the Durand Line by stating His Majesty s Government in the United Kingdom has seen with regret the disagreements between the Governments of Pakistan and Afghanistan about the status of the territories on the North West Frontier It is His Majesty s Government s view that Pakistan is in international law the inheritor of the rights and duties of the old Government of India and of his Majesty s Government in the United Kingdom in these territories and that the Durand Line is the international frontier 24 Philip Noel Baker 30 June 1950At the 1956 SEATO Southeast Asia Treaty Organization Ministerial Council Meeting held at Karachi capital of Pakistan at the time it was stated The members of the Council declared that their governments recognised that the sovereignty of Pakistan extends up to the Durand Line the international boundary between Pakistan and Afghanistan and it was consequently affirmed that the Treaty area referred to in Articles IV and VIII of the Treaty includes the area up to that Line 25 SEATO 8 March 1956 The Afghan government having secured a treaty in December 1978 that allowed them to call on Soviet forces repeatedly requested the introduction of troops in Afghanistan in the spring and summer of 1979 The 1979 Soviet Afghan War forced millions of Afghans to take refuge inside Pakistan Pakistani officials feared that the Soviet Union began some kind of military show down and that Pakistan or at least its Balochistan province was next on the Soviet agenda During the early 1980s multi national mujahideen forces consisting of about 100 000 fighters from forty different Muslim countries in addition to 150 000 local fighters found support from the United States Saudi Arabia Pakistan and Iran in the context of the Cold War They were trained by Pakistani military in its frontier region around the Durand Line 26 The Soviet Union decided to withdraw in 1989 and when aid dried up on Afghanistan in 1992 a civil war began This was followed by the rise and fall of the Taliban government Since late 2001 as high as 140 000 NATO led troops were stationed in Afghanistan to train Afghans and rebuild their war torn country In the meantime the Taliban insurgency began around 2004 27 28 To counter the insurgency and bring stability in Afghanistan the United States built bases and garrisons for the Afghan National Security Forces and is using unmanned aerial vehicles to carry out drone attacks in Pakistan mainly the Haqqani network in and around the Federally Administered Tribal Areas FATA In September 2017 Brad Sherman a US lawmaker suggested conditioning US aid to Afghanistan to the recognition of Durand Line He added I realise that s tough They ll say oh don t but the fact is as long as Afghanistan leaves open the idea that they re claiming Pakistani territory it s going to be very hard to get the Pakistanis involved as we need them involved in controlling the Afghan Taliban 29 Brad Sherman 7 September 2017Islamic Republic era skirmishes editThe following is an incomplete list of recent events relating to the Afghanistan Pakistan skirmishes Most of these events cannot be independently verified because news journalists usually have very limited access to reaching the areas where the fighting take place 13 May 2007 An armed clash broke out between Pakistan Army and Afghan National Army According to Afghan sources clashes erupted when Pakistan Army established a border military post inside Afghan territory in Zazai district 30 While according to Pakistani officials clashes erupted when Afghan soldiers opened firing on five to six border posts in Kurram tribal region in North West Pakistan 30 Governor of Paktika province Rahmatullah Rahmat said that as many as 41 Afghans were either killed or injured in the clash Other Afghans sources state that 13 Afghans 31 9 Afghan soldiers and 4 civilians were killed 3 soldiers of Pakistan Army were also injured in the clash 32 3 February 2011 One Pakistani and 7 Afghan soldiers were killed and three others injured after a clash broke out along the border between Pakistani and Afghan forces including an Afghan Colonel 3 Afghan Soldiers were also arrested by Pakistani Forces which were later returned An Afghan commander in Khost confirmed the exchange of fire and alleged that the incident broke out after Pakistani troops in Waziristan opened fire towards Afghan police posts in Gurbuz District claiming the Afghan engagement as retaliation However a Pakistani military official in Peshawar said that the Afghan troops fired on a Pakistan army check post in Ghulam Khan North Waziristan and that the fire emanated from Afghan territory first We are responding with artillery and mortars he added 33 June 2011 Afghanistan blamed Pakistan for killing dozens of Afghan civilians in cross border shelling conducted for several months The Afghan government called for the immediate cessation of the artillery fire from Pakistan against Afghan villages Afghan Army spokesman Mohammad Zahir Azimi said around 150 missiles fired from Pakistan had landed in different areas of Kunar province 34 July 2011 Afghan officials alleged that around 42 Afghans were killed while another 48 were injured as a result of Pakistan military shelling in Nangarhar Kunar and Nuristan provinces of Afghanistan Afghan officials claim that the Pakistani military have been shelling these areas for the past five weeks The attacks drew widespread condemnation from Afghan security officials and Tribal elders 35 36 37 In Kabul around 200 people gathered to protest and condemn cross border shelling and bombardment of eastern Afghanistan s provinces 38 However Pakistan rejected Afghan government accusations saying a few accidental rounds may have been fired when it chased unknown militants who had crossed from Afghanistan and attacked its security installments 38 Moreover Afghan Border Police officials also acknowledged the presence of terrorist belonging to Tehrik i Taliban Pakistan in areas where shelling took place Afghan border police officials stated that after NATO forces had withdrawn from Kunar and Nangarhar provinces terrorist belonging to Tehrik i Taliban Pakistan moved in behind fleeing Afghan civilians 39 19 July 2011 Pakistani officials stated that over 20 mortar shells were fired from Afghanistan which killed 4 Pakistani soldiers and wounded another 2 Pakistan blamed the Afghan National Army for the attack 40 27 August 2011 at least 2 Pakistani security personnel were killed and seven others injured in Chitral after militants crossed the border from Nuristan province and initiated firing The Pakistani government blamed Afghanistan saying since their expulsion from Pakistani tribal areas militants were regrouping in Kunar and Nuristan with the support of local Afghan authorities 41 7 September 2011 Protesters from Chitral staged a demonstration outside the Peshawar Press Club against an alleged continuous Taliban infiltration into Pakistan from Afghanistan including the abduction of 30 Pakistani children a week ago on the day of Eid ul Fitr The protestors said they would stand against insurgents if their region was attacked in the future and blamed the Afghan government insisting that Afghan authorities and NATO forces were failing to contain Afghanistan based militants The protestors also urged the need to increase the presence of border forces and called on the federal government to take up the issue with the Afghan government to avoid future incidents 42 25 September 2011 Afghan authorities claimed that more than 340 rockets had been fired over the course of four days from Pakistani territory The rockets damaged a few buildings resulted in the death of a child and also forced hundreds to flee their homes An employee from the Afghan Ministry of the Interior did not disclose the source of the cross border shelling but said We call on Pakistan whoever is behind the attacks to prevent it immediately 43 10 October 2011 Pakistani security forces stated that they killed 30 Afghan militants when a group of 200 militants from Afghanistan crossed the border into Pakistan One Pakistani soldier was also killed in the clash 44 12 January 2012 Pakistani Special Forces Troops from elite Special Services Group entered 4 to 5 km deep inside Afghan borders from Lower Dir area in pursuit of militants Afghan Forces opened fire in retaliation 11 Afghan Soldiers were killed in the exchange of fire Pakistan immediately withdrew without any casualties Afghanistan also blamed SSG Commandos for taking away the body of a killed Afghan Army Major 2 May 2013 An armed clash took place between Pakistan and Afghan soldiers The clash resulted in death of 1 Afghan Border Police officer 2 Afghan border police personnel were also injured While 2 personnel of Pakistan s Frontier Constabulary were also injured in the attack 45 46 8 June 2013 Pakistan Army Aviation Bell AH 1 Cobra Gunship Helicopters crossed the border from North Waziristan into Paktia and hit 3 TTP Targets before returning 31 May 2014 Around 150 to 300 Militants belonging to Tehrik i Taliban Pakistan attacked a group of Pakistan military post at Nao top in Bajaur District Pakistani military said that it successfully repelled the attack In the attack 1 Pakistani soldiers and 16 militants belonging to Tehrik i Taliban were killed According to Pakistani officials gunship helicopters were also used to target Taliban positions in Afghanistan Afghan defense minister General Bismillah Khan Mohammadi acknowledged that Pakistan military post was attacked by Talibans from Afghanistan side of the border However Afghan officials claim that the Pakistani gunship helicopters had crossed into Afghan territory They claim that 4 Afghan civilians were killed and 10 others were injured as result of strikes conducted by those gunship helicopters 3 4 June 2014 Pakistani officials stated that terrorist from Afghanistan launched an attack on Pakistan s border post in Bajaur Agency According to Pakistani officials around 4 Pakistani soldiers were killed while 3 others were injured in the attack Terrorist belonging to Tehrik i Taliban Pakistan were responsible for the attack The attack was preceded by 31 May 2014 attack which also took place in Bajaur Agency In the attack 14 terrorist belonging to Tehrik i Taliban Pakistan were killed Pakistani officials also stated that one of their border guard was killed while two others were injured The attack by the terrorist on the border post was repelled successfully 47 24 June 2014 Afghan officials alleged that Pakistani soldiers have crossed the border and have conducted an attack on Afghan soldiers in Afghan territory Afghan officials stated that the incursion took place in Kunar Province of Afghanistan and 3 Afghan National Army ANA soldiers and 8 Afghan civilians were killed in the attack 48 20 December 2014 JF 17 Thunders from Pakistan Air Force Western Air Command flew into Afghanistan in Kunar Province and reportedly hit 27 targets Air strikes were carried out in three phases throughout the night and reportedly 50 militants were killed An Afghan soldier was also killed when an Afghan mobile patrol was mistakenly identified as a militant vehicle by Pakistani aircraft SSG was also sent in to get the bodies of as many militants as possible ANA troops did not retaliate against the Pakistani aircraft as the Ministry of Defence Afghanistan directed them not to engage Pakistani forces 23 August 2015 Four Pakistani soldiers manning a border post were killed and four more injured in a rocket attack which originated from Afghanistan The Pakistan military stated that it eliminated the group of militants responsible for the attack This followed an attack on 16 and 17 August in which three Frontier Constabulary officers had also been killed 49 13 16 June 2016 Pakistan and Afghan military clashed along the Torkham border for a period of three days 50 51 One Pakistan army Major Ali Jawad Changezi was injured in the clashes along Torkham border and later died in a hospital in Peshawar on 14 June Four Pakistani border guards and nine civilians were also injured in the clashes that lasted for three days According to Pakistan Afghan army started unprovoked firing at roughly 9pm on Sunday to disrupt the construction of a gate 37 meters inside the Pakistani side of the border 52 53 The gate is designed to curb illegal cross border movement and check the movement of terrorists and is part of the greater under construction Pakistan Afghanistan barrier 52 The Torkham border crossing was forced to close due to skirmishes 54 According to Afghan officials three Afghan soldiers 50 and two Afghan civilians 55 were killed as a result of Pakistan army firing Seventeen Afghan soldiers were also reported to be injured in the three days clash 56 According to some reports Pakistan Army had captured three Afghan border outposts 57 On 15 June 2016 Pakistan restarted the construction of the border gate on the Torkham border 58 17 19 February 2017 Over 48 hours the Pakistani Army fired scores of missiles on Goshta District and Lal Pur District in Nangarhar province and Sirkanay District of Kunar province Pakistani artillery rounds destroyed a dozen sites belonging to terrorist groups like Jamaat ul Ahrar and Tehrik i Taliban Pakistan killing 15 to 20 terrorists and injuring many more 59 5 60 61 According to reports Pakistan s cross border shelling left more than 2 000 families homeless 62 This took place one day after the Sehwan suicide bombing in which ISIL KP bombed the revered Sufi Shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar in Pakistan s Sindh province killing 91 people and wounding 300 others The Afghan foreign ministry protested the shelling by Pakistan on its territory 63 5 March 2017 Afghan officials claimed that Pakistan military has been shelling parts of Kunar province and Nangarhar province for the past two weeks Afghan officials claim that 4 Afghan civilians were killed and dozen others were wounded in the shelling Afghan reports claim that Pakistan military had fired more than 500 rockets which had in turn had made 500 families homeless 64 5 May 2017 In the 2017 Afghanistan Pakistan border skirmish a Pakistani census team in Chaman was attacked by Afghan forces and in return Pakistani forces attacked the Afghan Army At least seven Afghan soldiers and two Pakistani soldiers were killed as well as at least two civilians At least 30 civilians were wounded 65 5 April 2018 Afghan government officials claim that the Pakistan Air Force had conducted airstrikes in Kunar province of Afghanistan which has caused huge financial losses for the Afghan government According to Afghan government officials Pakistan Air Force dropped around four bombs within Afghanistan s territory 66 However Pakistan officials rejected Afghan government allegations and termed them baseless Pakistani officials stated that the Pakistan security forces were countering militants groups based in Afghanistan who had launched attacks against the Pakistani security forces 67 15 April 2018 Cross border fire between the Pakistani Army and Afghan forces conducting routine surveillance in the Kurram Agency left two Pakistani soldiers dead and five others injured 68 February 2019 Afghan officials wrote to United Nation Security Council UNSC regarding consistent violation of Afghan territory by Pakistani security forces Afghan officials claim that from 2012 to 2017 82 Afghan people have been killed and 183 were injured as result of Pakistani security forces attacks 69 3 April 2019 An Afghan based Kharoti tribe clashed with Pakistan s Sulaimankhel tribe in Zarmailan area in Toykhula tehsil near the Pak Afghan border Reports suggest that clash broke out when members of the Afghan Kharoti tribe took up positions on the hilltop in Zarmailan area and started firing at the local population on the Pakistani side In response Pakistan s Sulaimankhel tribe retaliated which forced Afghan Kharoti tribe to flee while leaving behind their weapons Seven Afghan Kharoti were also injured in the clash The Sulaimankhel tribe was led by Malik Ibrahim Jalalkhel Gulbahar Khan Sulimankhel and other local elders 70 71 72 1 2 May 2019 On 1 May 2019 Pakistan military officials stated that around 70 80 terrorists from Afghanistan launched attack on Pakistani soldiers who were constructing a border fence along the Pakistan Afghanistan border Pakistani military officials stated that they successfully repulsed the attack killing scores of terrorists while forcing others to withdraw In the clash three Pakistani soldiers were also killed while seven others were injured Pakistan summoned the Afghan diplomat to lodge strong protests against the attack and urged the Afghan government to take action against the terrorists operating from the Afghan soil 73 On 2 May 2019 Afghan officials claimed that four Afghan civilians were killed and five others wounded as result of cross border shelling by Pakistani forces in Khost Province Afghanistan summoned the Pakistani diplomat to protest over Pakistani military s violation of Afghan Airspace and launching rockets that caused casualties and damage 74 21 September 2020 1 Pakistani soldier was killed during a cross border attack on a military checkpost in Bajaur District According to a statement by the military the shooting came from the Afghan side of the frontier 75 Islamic Emirate era skirmishes edit26 August 2021 A Pakistani soldier was killed in a cross border attack on a military checkpost in Lower Dir District In response Pakistan Army troops killed 2 terrorists and injured 3 others 76 29 August 2021 Gunfire from Afghanistan killed two Pakistani soldiers in Bajaur District in the second such incident since the Taliban took over Kabul In retaliation the army said it killed 2 3 terrorists and injured 3 4 more 77 24 December 2021 A clash took place between Taliban forces and the Frontier Corps at several points along the Afghanistan Pakistan border According to Afghan villagers and tribal elders Pakistani forces started shelling parts of Kunar province in response to firing by militants associated with Tehrik i Taliban Pakistan TTP on Pakistani soldiers deployed along the border Soon after the Afghan Taliban also started firing artillery targeting areas on Pakistan side of the border from Sarkano and Dangam districts of Kunar province 78 According to Afghan media outlets one Afghan civilian was injured in the shelling 79 and the areas affected by the Pakistani forces shelling were Dangam Shaltan Sarkano and Marawar districts of Kunar province The shelling had also caused financial losses to the local residents according to the Afghan media 80 No loss of life was reported on the Pakistan s side 81 6 February 2022 Five Pakistani troops are killed after militants from inside Afghanistan opened fire on a border post in Kurram District Khyber Pakhtunkhwa The army says that it retaliated causing heavy casualties among the militants The Taliban government denies that the firing came from within Afghan territory 82 24 February 2022 Pakistan and Taliban forces clashed in Spin boldak area with each side accusing the other of initiating the fire fight Two civilians were killed and six others were injured on the Afghanistan s side as result of the clash No loss of life was reported on the Pakistan s side The Taliban spokesman announced that the situation in the area is under control now and that they will investigate further to why the two sides clashed 83 April 2022 On 9 April 2022 clashes occurred between the Pakistani border guards and the Islamic Emirate Army in Nimruz Province Afghanistan The casualties were unstated On 15 April 2022 Pakistani soldiers again reportedly clashed with Taliban forces around 9 p m in Gurbuz District Khost Province killing two Taliban fighters 84 This led to Pakistani airstrikes in Afghan provinces of Khost and Kunar killing unknown numbers of TTP militants as claimed by Pakistani media 85 13 September 2022 In the border area of Afghanistan s Paktia province and Pakistan s Kurram province gunfire was exchanged between Taliban and Pakistani forces resulting in casualties on both sides The Taliban alleged that Pakistani forces were attempting to build a military outpost near the border which Taliban spokesperson Balal Karimi said was against the rules Karimi further alleged that Taliban forces were fired upon when they approached the Pakistani troops for questioning The Pakistan Armed Forces released a statement saying that terrorists had opened fire upon Pakistani troops across the border 86 13 November 2022 During the early morning of 13 November Taliban and Pakistani Border Guards exchanged gunfire at the Spin Boldak Chama border crossing in Southern Kandahar 1 Pakistani guard was killed while another 2 were injured The Taliban has stated that it had no casualties during the skirmish 87 88 The crossing was closed for indefinite period after the skirmish 89 11 December 2022 At least six civilians have been killed by firing from Afghan forces near the Chaman border According to the Inter Services Public Relations ISPR heavy weapons including artillery and mortars were used in the firing by Afghan forces 90 91 Pakistan fired missiles in retaliation killing one Afghan soldier 92 15 December 2022 One civilian was killed and 11 injured when Taliban forces shelled the Chaman border crossing with mortars 93 19 February 2023 The Afghan Taliban fired with Pakistani border guards and shut border crossing Torkham 94 See also editAfghanistan Pakistan relations Durand Line Afghanistan Pakistan border barrier Bajaur Campaign Afghan conflictNotes edit a As the Kingdom of Afghanistan 1949 1950 As the Kingdom of Afghanistan 1960 1961 As the Republic of Afghanistan 1973 1978 As the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 1978 1992 As the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan 2007 2021 As the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan since 2021 b As the Dominion of Pakistan 1949 1950 As Islamic Republic of Pakistan since 1960 References edit Jun 1961 Pakhtoonistan Dispute Military Operations in Frontier Areas Pakistani Allegations of Afghan Incursions PDF Keesing s Record of World Events Archived PDF from the original on 8 January 2022 Retrieved 17 July 2021 Cross border attack TTP militants storm border post in Mohmand The Express Tribune 2 April 2012 Archived from the original on 24 February 2022 Retrieved 24 February 2022 a b c Pakistan Taliban clash spill into Afghanistan Voice of America 31 May 2014 Archived from the original on 12 May 2017 Retrieved 3 May 2019 5 soldiers killed as militants attack check posts in Mohmand Agency 6 March 2017 Archived from the original on 6 March 2017 Retrieved 3 May 2019 a b In pictures TTP JuA camps being decimated in artillery shelling The Express Tribune 19 February 2017 Archived from the original on 20 February 2017 Retrieved 20 February 2017 Afghan police officer killed in border clash with Pakistanis Washington Post 2 May 2013 Archived from the original on 12 December 2019 Retrieved 10 December 2019 For years Afghanistan and Pakistan have accused each other of border infringements but fighting has been rare SATP 29 September 2020 Persistent Tension On Afghanistan Pakistan Border Analysis Eurasia Review Archived from the original on 22 October 2021 Retrieved 24 February 2022 Pakistani soldiers killed in firing along Afghanistan border www aljazeera com Archived from the original on 13 August 2021 Retrieved 24 February 2022 Three soldiers martyred five terrorists killed in cross border attacks Geo tv 16 June 2018 Archived from the original on 24 February 2022 Retrieved 24 February 2022 Pakistan Cross border firing 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