President Hamid Karzai became the first ever democratically elected head of state of Afghanistan on 7 December 2004. His successor, Ashraf Ghani, was in power from 29 September 2014 to 15 August 2021, when he fled the country as Kabul fell to the Taliban following its 2021 offensive.[9]
Son of Timur Shah Durrani Engaged in civil war with his brothers after the death of his father, later being deposed, and making multiple attempts to reclaim his throne
Son of Sardar Payendah Khan Forged campaigns to re-unite Afghanistan which was divided due to the civil wars between the sons of Timur Shah Durrani. Reign disputed from 1839–1842 by Shah Shuja Durrani in the First Anglo-Afghan War
Son of Timur Shah Durrani Returned to the throne with the help of the British in the First Anglo-Afghan War, murdered in the aftermath of the 1842 retreat from Kabul
Son of Sardar Payendah Khan Returned to the throne after the British and Shah Shuja were defeated in the First Anglo-Afghan War. Coined the term "Afghanistan" after an alliance with the British. Went on to defeat the remaining powers inside Afghanistan[note 1], reunifying the country after a brutal civil war lasting 70 years from 1793–1863 by the time of his death
Son of Habibullah Khan Former King; returned to Afghanistan to contest the throne during the 1928–29 civil war; eventually retreated back into British India;[18] See also Amanullah loyalism
President; Member of the Barakzai dynasty (first cousin of Mohammed Zahir Shah); Assassinated with most of his family during the Saur Revolution;[21] Supposedly killed for refusing to surrender to the new authorities.[22][8][23]
President; Fled Kabul following its fall to the Taliban on 27 September 1996;[25] Continued to serve as president in areas controlled by the Northern Alliance during the 1996–2001 Civil War until being fully reinstated following the recapture of Kabul on 13 November 2001; Between 1996 and 2001, the Islamic State remained the internationally recognized government, despite only controlling about 10% of Afghan territory.
^Most sources list 17 January 1929, the day that Kalakāni captured Kabul, as the date that his reign began.[11][12] However, he had been formally claiming the title of emir since 14 December 1928.[13]
^Kalakāni referred to himself as both "king"[14] and "emir".[15]
^"The late King was always fondly referred to by all Afghans, cutting across ethnic boundaries, as "Baba-e-Millat" or 'Father of the Nation', a position given to him in the country's Constitution promulgated in January 2004, about two years after the collapse of Taliban rule. The title of the 'Father of the Nation' dissolves with his death." . Archived from the original on 30 September 2007.
Referencesedit
^"An Outline Of The History Of Persia During The Last Two Centuries (A.D. 1722-1922)". Edward Granville Browne. London: Packard Humanities Institute. p. 29. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
^Otfinoski, Steven (2004). Afghanistan. Infobase Publishing. p. 7. ISBN0-8160-5056-2. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
^Malleson, George Bruce (1878). History of Afghanistan, from the Earliest Period to the Outbreak of the War of 1878. London: Elibron.com. p. 227. ISBN1-4021-7278-8. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
^. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 26 July 2009. Retrieved 23 October 2010. Ahmad Shah DURRANI unified the Pashtun tribes and founded Afghanistan in 1747.
^ ab"Afghan King Overthrown; A Republic Is Proclaimed". The New York Times. 18 July 1973. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
^Barfield, Thomas (25 March 2012). Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History (Princeton Studies in Muslim Politics). Princeton University Press. ISBN978-0691154411.
^ abWilliam Borders (28 April 1978). "Coup Is Reported in Afghanistan". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
^"President Ashraf Ghani flees Afghanistan as Taliban enters Kabul". South China Morning Post. Reuters. 15 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
Sieff, Kevin (15 August 2021). "The Taliban has retaken control of Afghanistan. Here's what that looked like last time". The Washington Post. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
Mellen, Ruby (3 September 2021). "The Taliban has decided on its government. Here's who could lead the organization". The Washington Post. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
Faulkner, Charlie (3 September 2021). "Spiritual leader is Afghanistan's head of state — with bomb suspect set to be PM". The Times. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
^Qassem, Dr Ahmad Shayeq (28 March 2013). Afghanistan's Political Stability: A Dream Unrealised. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 175. ISBN9781409499428.
^Wazir, Azmatullah Khan (2002). The immediate solution of Afghan crisis. A.K. Wazir. p. 8.
^Muḥammad, Fayz̤; McChesney, R. D. (1999). Kabul under siege: Fayz Muhammad's account of the 1929 Uprising. Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 37. ISBN9781558761544.
^"ExecutedToday.com » 1929: Habibullah Kalakani, Tajik bandit-king". 1 November 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2019.
^Muḥammad, Fayz̤; Hazārah, Fayz̤ Muḥammad Kātib; Muḥammad, Faiḍ (1999). Kabul Under Siege: Fayz Muhammad's Account of the 1929 Uprising. Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 1. ISBN978-1-55876-155-1.
^"Rebel Becomes King in Afghanistan". The New York Times. 18 January 1929. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
^"Afghan Usurper Yields to New King". The New York Times. 24 October 1929. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
^"Amanullah Hungry in Flight to India". The New York Times. 26 May 1929. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
^"Nadir Khan is Elected Amir of Afghanistan". The New York Times. 18 October 1929. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
^"King of Afghanistan Is Slain at Kabul; Stable Boy Won Throne by Military Skill". The New York Times. 9 November 1933. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
^"There was, therefore, little to hinder the assault mounted by the rebel 4th Armored Brigade, led by Major Mohammad Aslam Watanjar, who had also been prominent in Daoud's own coup five years before. Watanjar first secured the airport, where the other coup leader, Colonel Abdul Qadir, left by helicopter for the Bagram air base. There he took charge and organized air strikes on the presidential palace, where Daoud and the presidential guard were conducting a desperate defense. Fighting continued the whole day and into the night, when the defenders were finally overwhelmed. Daoud and almost all of his family members, including women and children, died in the fighting. Altogether there were possibly as many as two thousand fatalities, both military and civilian." p. 88 of Ewans, Martin (2002) Afghanistan: A Short History of Its People and Politics HarperCollins, New York, Page 88 ISBN0-06-050507-9
^"1978: Afghan coup rebels claim victory". 29 April 1978 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
^Ghaus, Abdul Samad (1988). The fall of Afghanistan: an insider's account. Washington: Pergamon-Brassey's Intern. Defense Publ. p. 200. ISBN978-0-08-034701-1.
^"How Soviet troops stormed Kabul palace". BBC. 27 December 2009. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
^"Afghan Fundamentalists Sweep Into Kabul". The New York Times. 27 September 1996. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
^"Security Council 1988 Committee Amends 105 Entries on Its Sanctions List | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases". www.un.org. from the original on 22 February 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
^David S. Rohde with Dexter Filkins (13 November 2001). "Taliban Troops Abandon Capital Without a Fight". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
^David S. Rohde with Norimitsu Onishi (8 December 2001). "TALIBAN ABANDON LAST STRONGHOLD; OMAR IS NOT FOUND". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
^Dam, Bette (2019). "The Secret Life of Mullah Omar" (PDF). Zomia Center. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
^Trofimov, Yaroslav (13 September 2021). "As Taliban Seek International Acceptance, Countries Seek to Engage—but Stop Short of Recognition". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
External linksedit
January 01, 1970
list, heads, state, afghanistan, emir, afghanistan, leader, afghanistan, redirect, here, leader, islamic, emirate, supreme, leader, afghanistan, this, article, lists, heads, state, afghanistan, since, foundation, first, modern, afghan, state, hotak, empire, 17. Emir of Afghanistan and Leader of Afghanistan redirect here For the leader of the Islamic Emirate see Supreme Leader of Afghanistan This article lists the heads of state of Afghanistan since the foundation of the first modern Afghan state the Hotak Empire in 1709 Contents 1 History 2 List of heads of state 2 1 Monarchs 2 1 1 Local monarchs 2 2 Non monarchs 3 Family tree of monarchs 4 Timeline from 1880 5 Standards of heads of state 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External linksHistory editThe Hotak Empire was formed after a successful uprising led by Mirwais Hotak and other Afghan tribal chiefs from the Kandahar region against Mughal and Safavid Persian rule 1 2 3 After a long series of wars the Hotak Empire was eventually replaced by the Durrani Afghan Empire founded by Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1747 4 5 After the collapse of the Durrani Empire in 1823 the Barakzai dynasty founded the Emirate of Kabul later known as the Emirate of Afghanistan The Durrani dynasty regained power in 1839 during the First Anglo Afghan War when former ruler Shah Shujah Durrani seized the throne under the British auspices Shah Shujah was assassinated in 1842 following the British retreat Afterwards the Barakzai dynasty regained power eventually transformed the Emirate into the Kingdom of Afghanistan in 1926 and ruled the country with an interruption in 1929 until the last king Mohammad Zahir Shah was deposed in the 1973 coup d etat led by his first cousin Mohammad Daoud Khan Despite being part of the Barakzai dynasty Daoud Khan departed from tradition and did not proclaim himself Shah instead abolished the monarchy and established the Republic of Afghanistan with himself as President 6 7 The Republic lasted until the PDPA led Saur Revolution in 1978 8 Since 1978 Afghanistan has been in a state of continuous internal conflict and foreign interventions President Hamid Karzai became the first ever democratically elected head of state of Afghanistan on 7 December 2004 His successor Ashraf Ghani was in power from 29 September 2014 to 15 August 2021 when he fled the country as Kabul fell to the Taliban following its 2021 offensive 9 Upon its recapture of Kabul the Taliban reinstated the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan and its supreme leader since 2016 Islamic scholar Hibatullah Akhundzada de facto succeeded Ghani as head of state 10 List of heads of state edit Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office Monarchs edit Monarch of Afghanistanد افغانستان پاچا Pashto پادشاه افغانستان Dari nbsp Royal Standard 1931 1973 nbsp Last to reign Mohammad Zahir Shah 8 November 1933 17 July 1973DetailsStyleHis MajestyFirst monarchMirwais Hotak Emir Last monarchMohammad Zahir Shah King Formation1709Abolition17 July 1973ResidenceKabul Bala Hissar 18th century 1880 Arg e Shahi 19th century 1973 AppointerHereditaryPretender s Ahmad Shah Khan Crown Prince of Afghanistan Hotak Empire 1709 1738 NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImageMirwais HotakMirwais the Grandfather1673 171517091715Established the Hotak dynasty in Kandahar Hotak nbsp Abdul Aziz HotakDied 171717151717Brother of Mirwais HotakHotak nbsp Mahmud Hotak1697 22 April 1725171722 April 1725Son of Mirwais HotakHotak nbsp Ashraf HotakDied 173022 April 17251730Nephew of Mirwais HotakHotak nbsp Hussain HotakDied 1738173024 March 1738 deposed Son of Mirwais Hotak Deposed by Nader Shah in Siege of KandaharHotak nbsp Durrani Empire 1747 1823 NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImageAhmad Shah Durranithe Father of the Nation1720 1722 4 June 1772June 17474 June 1772Established the Durrani dynasty and the Durrani Empire Considered founder of modern AfghanistanDurrani nbsp Timur Shah DurraniDecember 1746 20 May 1793November 177220 May 1793Son of Ahmad Shah Durrani Preserved the Durrani Empire following the death of his father after fighting off civil war in 1772 and multiple rebellionsDurrani nbsp Zaman Shah Durrani1770 184420 May 179325 July 1801 deposed Son of Timur Shah Durrani Engaged in civil war with his brothers after the death of his father later being deposedDurrani nbsp Mahmud Shah Durrani 1st reign Shah Mahmud1769 18 April 182925 July 180113 July 1803 deposed Son of Timur Shah Durrani Engaged in civil war with his brothers after the death of his father later being deposedDurrani nbsp Shah Shujah Durrani 1st reign Inayat i llahi Shuja ul Mulk Muhammad Bahadur4 November 1785 5 April 184213 July 18033 May 1809 deposed Son of Timur Shah Durrani Engaged in civil war with his brothers after the death of his father later being deposed and making multiple attempts to reclaim his throneDurrani nbsp Mahmud Shah Durrani 2nd reign Shah Mahmud1769 18 April 18293 May 18091818 deposed Son of Timur Shah Durrani Exiled to Herat following his deposition during his second reignDurrani nbsp Ali Shah DurraniDied 1818 181918181819 deposed Son of Timur Shah DurraniDurrani nbsp Ayub Shah DurraniDied 1 October 183718191823 deposed Son of Timur Shah DurraniDurrani nbsp Emirate of Kabul Emirate of Afghanistan 1823 1926 NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImageSultan Mohammad KhanMohammad Khan Telai1792 183418231826 deposed First ruler of the Barakzai dynasty Son of Sardar Payendah Khan brother of Dost Mohammad KhanBarakzai nbsp Dost Mohammad Khan 1st reign Amir al Mu minin Amir i Kabir23 December 1792 9 June 1863Summer 18266 August 1839 deposed Son of Sardar Payendah Khan Forged campaigns to re unite Afghanistan which was divided due to the civil wars between the sons of Timur Shah Durrani Reign disputed from 1839 1842 by Shah Shuja Durrani in the First Anglo Afghan WarBarakzai nbsp Shah Shujah Durrani 2nd reign Inayat i llahi Shuja ul Mulk Muhammad Bahadur4 November 1785 5 April 18427 August 18395 April 1842Son of Timur Shah Durrani Returned to the throne with the help of the British in the First Anglo Afghan War murdered in the aftermath of the 1842 retreat from KabulDurrani nbsp Akbar KhanAmir Akbar Khan Mohammad Akbar Khan1816 1847May 18421843Son of Dost Mohammad KhanBarakzai nbsp Dost Mohammad Khan 2nd reign Amir al Mu minin Amir i Kabir23 December 1792 9 June 186318439 June 1863Son of Sardar Payendah Khan Returned to the throne after the British and Shah Shuja were defeated in the First Anglo Afghan War Coined the term Afghanistan after an alliance with the British Went on to defeat the remaining powers inside Afghanistan note 1 reunifying the country after a brutal civil war lasting 70 years from 1793 1863 by the time of his deathBarakzai nbsp Sher Ali Khan 1st reign 1825 21 February 18799 June 1863May 1866 deposed Son of Dost Mohammad KhanBarakzai nbsp Mohammad Afzal Khan1815 7 October 1867May 18667 October 1867Son of Dost Mohammad KhanBarakzai nbsp Mohammad Azam Khan1820 18707 October 186721 August 1868Son of Dost Mohammad KhanBarakzai nbsp Sher Ali Khan 2nd reign 1825 21 February 18799 September 186821 February 1879Son of Dost Mohammad KhanBarakzai nbsp Mohammad Yaqub Khan1849 15 November 192321 February 187912 October 1879 deposed Son of Sher Ali Khan Deposed during the Second Anglo Afghan WarBarakzai nbsp Ayub Khanthe Victor of Maiwand the Afghan Prince Charlie1857 7 April 191412 October 187931 May 1880 deposed Son of Sher Ali Khan Defeated in the Battle of Kandahar and exiled at the end of the Second Anglo Afghan WarBarakzai nbsp Abdur Rahman Khanthe Iron Amir1840 44 1 October 190131 May 18801 October 1901Son of Mohammad Afzal KhanBarakzai nbsp Habibullah Khan3 June 1872 20 February 19191 October 190120 February 1919Son of Abdur Rahman KhanBarakzai nbsp Nasrullah Khan1874 192020 February 191928 February 1919 deposed Son of Abdur Rahman KhanBarakzai nbsp Amanullah Khan1 June 1892 25 April 196028 February 19199 June 1926Son of Habibullah KhanBarakzai nbsp Kingdom of Afghanistan 1926 1929 NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImageAmanullah Khan1 June 1892 25 April 19609 June 192614 January 1929 abdicated Son of Habibullah KhanBarakzai nbsp Inayatullah Khan20 October 1888 12 August 194614 January 192917 January 1929 deposed Son of Habibullah KhanBarakzai nbsp Saqqawist Emirate and the 1928 1929 civil war NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImageHabibullah KalakaniBacha ye Saqao19 January 1891 3 November 192917 January 1929 note 2 13 October 1929Styled as king and emir note 3 contested the throne during the 1928 29 civil war 16 deposed and executed 17 Non dynastic nbsp Ali Ahmad Khan1883 11 July 192917 January 19299 February 1929Styled as King rose in opposition to Kalakani during the 1928 29 civil war captured and executedBarakzai nbsp Amanullah Khan1 June 1892 25 April 1960March 192923 May 1929Son of Habibullah Khan Former King returned to Afghanistan to contest the throne during the 1928 29 civil war eventually retreated back into British India 18 See also Amanullah loyalismBarakzai nbsp Kingdom of Afghanistan restored 1929 1973 NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImageMohammad Nadir Shah9 April 1883 8 November 193315 October 1929 19 8 November 1933Great nephew of Dost Mohammed Khan Assassinated by Abdul Khaliq Hazara 20 Barakzai nbsp Mohammad Zahir Shahthe Father of the Nation from 2004 note 4 15 October 1914 23 July 20078 November 193317 July 1973 deposed Son of Mohammad Nadir Shah Deposed by first cousin Mohammad Daoud Khan in the 1973 coup d etat 6 Barakzai nbsp Local monarchs edit Some rulers tried to take advantage of internal conflicts in Afghanistan to claim the throne However their rule was limited only to certain areas NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImageJehandad KhanDied 1914May 1912May 1912 deposed Styled as Emir ruled only in Khost during the 1912 rebellionNon dynastic nbsp Abd al Karim1897 18 February 1927July 192430 January 1925 deposed Son of Mohammad Yaqub Khan Styled as Emir rule limited to the Southern Province during the 1924 1925 rebellionBarakzai nbsp Salemaic 1944c 1946 deposed Styled as King rule limited to the Eastern Province during the 1944 47 tribal revoltsNon dynastic nbsp Non monarchs edit Name Portrait Lifespan Term of office Political affiliation Took office Left office Time in office Republic of Afghanistan 1973 1978 Mohammad Daoud Khan nbsp 1909 1978 17 July 1973 28 April 1978 4 years 285 days Independent until 1974 National Revolutionary Party President Member of the Barakzai dynasty first cousin of Mohammed Zahir Shah Assassinated with most of his family during the Saur Revolution 21 Supposedly killed for refusing to surrender to the new authorities 22 8 23 Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 1978 1992 ColonelAbdul Qadir nbsp 1944 2014 28 April 1978 30 April 1978 2 days People s Democratic Party Khalq faction Chairman of the Presidium of the Military Revolutionary Council Nur Muhammad Taraki nbsp 1917 1979 30 April 1978 14 September 1979 1 year 137 days People s Democratic Party Khalq faction Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council Assassinated by orders of Hafizullah Amin Hafizullah Amin nbsp 1929 1979 14 September 1979 27 December 1979 104 days People s Democratic Party Khalq faction Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council Assassinated by Soviet special forces during the Operation Storm 333 24 Babrak Karmal nbsp 1929 1996 27 December 1979 24 November 1986 6 years 332 days People s Democratic Party Parcham faction Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council Dismissed Haji Mohammad Chamkani nbsp 1947 2012 24 November 1986 30 September 1987 310 days Independent Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council Appointed as part of the National Reconciliation process Mohammad Najibullah nbsp 1947 1996 30 September 1987 16 April 1992 4 years 199 days People s Democratic Party Parcham faction until 1990 Homeland Party President Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council until 30 November 1987 Resigned Abdul Rahim Hatif nbsp 1926 2013 16 April 1992 28 April 1992 12 days Homeland Party Acting President Deposed Islamic State of Afghanistan 1992 2002 Sibghatullah Mojaddedi nbsp 1926 2019 28 April 1992 28 June 1992 61 days National Liberation Front of Afghanistan Acting President Resigned Burhanuddin Rabbani nbsp 1940 2011 28 June 1992 22 December 2001 9 years 177 days Jamiat e Islami President Fled Kabul following its fall to the Taliban on 27 September 1996 25 Continued to serve as president in areas controlled by the Northern Alliance during the 1996 2001 Civil War until being fully reinstated following the recapture of Kabul on 13 November 2001 Between 1996 and 2001 the Islamic State remained the internationally recognized government despite only controlling about 10 of Afghan territory Hamid Karzai nbsp born 1957 22 December 2001 13 July 2002 203 days Independent Chairman of the Afghan Interim Administration Appointed by the 2001 Bonn Conference 26 Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 1996 2001 MullahMohammed Omar nbsp between 1953 and 1966 27 2013 27 September 1996 13 November 2001 5 years 47 days Taliban Supreme Leader Deposed during the fall of Kabul 28 and went into hiding following the fall of Kandahar on 7 December 2001 29 30 Continued to claim the position in rebellion during the Taliban insurgency until his death on 23 April 2013 Between 1996 and 2001 the Islamic Emirate never attained widespread international recognition despite controlling about 90 of Afghan territory Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan 2002 2004 Hamid Karzai nbsp born 1957 13 July 2002 7 December 2004 2 years 147 days Independent Transitional President Appointed by the 2002 loya jirga Islamic Republic of Afghanistan 2004 2021 Hamid Karzai nbsp born 1957 7 December 2004 29 September 2014 9 years 296 days Independent President First democratically elected head of state Elected in 2004 and re elected in 2009 Ashraf Ghani nbsp born 1949 29 September 2014 15 August 2021 6 years 320 days Independent President First peaceful transition of power Elected in 2014 and re elected in 2019 Deposed during the fall of Kabul Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 2021 present MullahMawlawiHibatullah Akhundzada nbsp Birth date not known 15 August 2021 10 Incumbent 2 years 248 days Taliban Supreme Leader Claimed the position in rebellion during the Taliban insurgency from 25 May 2016 until the recapture of Kabul The Islamic Emirate is currently not internationally recognized despite controlling all Afghan territory 31 Family tree of monarchs editFamily tree of Afghan monarchs Salim Khan Hotakdynasty MirwaisKhan Hotak 1 r 1709 1715Abdul AzizHotak 2 r 1715 1717 MahmudHotak 3 r 1717 1725HussainHotak 5 r 1725 1738AshrafHotak 4 r 1725 1729 Durranidynasty Ahmad ShahDurrani 1 r 1747 1772SardarPayindaMohammadKhan Barakzaidynasty Timur ShahDurrani 2 r 1772 1793MohammadKhan 1 r 1823 1826DostMohammadKhan 2 r 1826 1839 1843 1863 Zaman ShahDurrani 3 r 1793 1801Mahmud ShahDurrani 4 r 1801 1803 1809 1818Shah ShujahDurrani 5 r 1803 1809 1839 1842Ali ShahDurrani 6 r 1818 1819Ayub ShahDurrani 7 r 1819 1823MohammadAfzal Khan 5 r 1866 1867Akbar Khan 3 r 1842 1843MohammadAzam Khan 6 r 1867 1868Sher AliKhan 4 r 1863 1866 1868 1879SahiraBegumLoinabKhushDil Khan Ali AhmadMirzaSardarMohammadYahya KhanHamdanSultanaBegumAbdurRahmanKhan 9 r 1880 1901MohammadYaqub Khan 7 r 1879MohammadAyub Khan 8 r 1879 1880 SharafSultanaHukumatBegumSardarMohammadYusuf KhanSardarMohammadAsif KhanHabibullahKhan 10 r 1901 1919NasrullahKhan 11 r 1919 MohammadNadir Shah 15 r 1929 1933Mah ParwarBegumInayatullahKhan 13 r 1929AmanullahKhan 12 r 1919 1929 1929Ali AhmadKhan 14 r 1929 MohammadZahir Shah 16 r 1933 1973Timeline from 1880 editStandards of heads of state edit nbsp Standard of the king of Afghanistan c 1919 1929 nbsp Standard of the king of Afghanistan 1931 1973 nbsp Standard of the president of Afghanistan 1974 1978 nbsp Standard of the president of Afghanistan 2004 2013 nbsp Standard of the president of Afghanistan 2013 2021 See also editPresident of Afghanistan Supreme Leader of Afghanistan Prime Minister of Afghanistan Chief Executive Afghanistan List of Durrani Wazirs Politics of Afghanistan History of Afghanistan List of Pashtun empires and dynasties Name of Afghanistan Afghan ethnonym Notes edit Most notably Herat see Herat campaign of 1862 1863 and Qandahar see Conquest of Kandahar Most sources list 17 January 1929 the day that Kalakani captured Kabul as the date that his reign began 11 12 However he had been formally claiming the title of emir since 14 December 1928 13 Kalakani referred to himself as both king 14 and emir 15 The late King was always fondly referred to by all Afghans cutting across ethnic boundaries as Baba e Millat or Father of the Nation a position given to him in the country s Constitution promulgated in January 2004 about two years after the collapse of Taliban rule The title of the Father of the Nation dissolves with his death Last King of Afghanistan dies at 92 Archived from the original on 30 September 2007 References edit An Outline Of The History Of Persia During The Last Two Centuries A D 1722 1922 Edward Granville Browne London Packard Humanities Institute p 29 Retrieved 24 September 2010 Otfinoski Steven 2004 Afghanistan Infobase Publishing p 7 ISBN 0 8160 5056 2 Retrieved 27 September 2010 Malleson George Bruce 1878 History of Afghanistan from the Earliest Period to the Outbreak of the War of 1878 London Elibron com p 227 ISBN 1 4021 7278 8 Retrieved 27 September 2010 Afghanistan The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency Archived from the original on 26 July 2009 Retrieved 23 October 2010 Ahmad Shah DURRANI unified the Pashtun tribes and founded Afghanistan in 1747 Last Afghan empire Louis Dupree Nancy Hatch Dupree and others Encyclopaedia Britannica Online Version Retrieved 24 September 2010 a b Afghan King Overthrown A Republic Is Proclaimed The New York Times 18 July 1973 Retrieved 3 May 2020 Barfield Thomas 25 March 2012 Afghanistan A Cultural and Political History Princeton Studies in Muslim Politics Princeton University Press ISBN 978 0691154411 a b William Borders 28 April 1978 Coup Is Reported in Afghanistan The New York Times Retrieved 3 August 2021 President Ashraf Ghani flees Afghanistan as Taliban enters Kabul South China Morning Post Reuters 15 August 2021 Retrieved 15 August 2021 a b Sieff Kevin 15 August 2021 The Taliban has retaken control of Afghanistan Here s what that looked like last time The Washington Post Retrieved 28 November 2021 Mellen Ruby 3 September 2021 The Taliban has decided on its government Here s who could lead the organization The Washington Post Retrieved 28 November 2021 Faulkner Charlie 3 September 2021 Spiritual leader is Afghanistan s head of state with bomb suspect set to be PM The Times Retrieved 17 January 2022 Qassem Dr Ahmad Shayeq 28 March 2013 Afghanistan s Political Stability A Dream Unrealised Ashgate Publishing Ltd p 175 ISBN 9781409499428 Wazir Azmatullah Khan 2002 The immediate solution of Afghan crisis A K Wazir p 8 Muḥammad Fayz McChesney R D 1999 Kabul under siege Fayz Muhammad s account of the 1929 Uprising Markus Wiener Publishers p 37 ISBN 9781558761544 ExecutedToday com 1929 Habibullah Kalakani Tajik bandit king 1 November 2016 Retrieved 14 November 2019 Muḥammad Fayz Hazarah Fayz Muḥammad Katib Muḥammad Faiḍ 1999 Kabul Under Siege Fayz Muhammad s Account of the 1929 Uprising Markus Wiener Publishers p 1 ISBN 978 1 55876 155 1 Rebel Becomes King in Afghanistan The New York Times 18 January 1929 Retrieved 3 August 2021 Afghan Usurper Yields to New King The New York Times 24 October 1929 Retrieved 3 August 2021 Amanullah Hungry in Flight to India The New York Times 26 May 1929 Retrieved 3 August 2021 Nadir Khan is Elected Amir of Afghanistan The New York Times 18 October 1929 Retrieved 3 August 2021 King of Afghanistan Is Slain at Kabul Stable Boy Won Throne by Military Skill The New York Times 9 November 1933 Retrieved 3 August 2021 There was therefore little to hinder the assault mounted by the rebel 4th Armored Brigade led by Major Mohammad Aslam Watanjar who had also been prominent in Daoud s own coup five years before Watanjar first secured the airport where the other coup leader Colonel Abdul Qadir left by helicopter for the Bagram air base There he took charge and organized air strikes on the presidential palace where Daoud and the presidential guard were conducting a desperate defense Fighting continued the whole day and into the night when the defenders were finally overwhelmed Daoud and almost all of his family members including women and children died in the fighting Altogether there were possibly as many as two thousand fatalities both military and civilian p 88 of Ewans Martin 2002 Afghanistan A Short History of Its People and Politics HarperCollins New York Page 88 ISBN 0 06 050507 9 1978 Afghan coup rebels claim victory 29 April 1978 via news bbc co uk Ghaus Abdul Samad 1988 The fall of Afghanistan an insider s account Washington Pergamon Brassey s Intern Defense Publ p 200 ISBN 978 0 08 034701 1 How Soviet troops stormed Kabul palace BBC 27 December 2009 Retrieved 3 August 2021 Afghan Fundamentalists Sweep Into Kabul The New York Times 27 September 1996 Retrieved 30 March 2022 Bonn Agreement PDF United Nations Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs 5 December 2001 Retrieved 30 June 2022 Security Council 1988 Committee Amends 105 Entries on Its Sanctions List Meetings Coverage and Press Releases www un org Archived from the original on 22 February 2016 Retrieved 8 September 2021 David S Rohde with Dexter Filkins 13 November 2001 Taliban Troops Abandon Capital Without a Fight The New York Times Retrieved 30 March 2022 David S Rohde with Norimitsu Onishi 8 December 2001 TALIBAN ABANDON LAST STRONGHOLD OMAR IS NOT FOUND The New York Times Retrieved 4 November 2022 Dam Bette 2019 The Secret Life of Mullah Omar PDF Zomia Center Retrieved 29 June 2022 Trofimov Yaroslav 13 September 2021 As Taliban Seek International Acceptance Countries Seek to Engage but Stop Short of Recognition Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved 20 September 2021 External links editPresidency of Afghanistan 15 August 2021 archive Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of heads of state of Afghanistan amp oldid 1219721071 Kingdom of Afghanistan 1926 1929, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
