Hakimullah Mehsud
Hakimullah Mehsud (Pashto/Urdu: حکیم اللہ محسود; c. 1978-1981 − 1 November 2013), born Jamshed Mehsud (جمشید محسود) and also known as Zulfiqar Mehsud (ذو الفقار محسود), was a Pakistani militant who was the second emir of Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan, elected to the post on 22 August 2009.[1] It was confirmed by TTP that he was killed in a U.S. drone strike in Pakistan on 1 November 2013.[2][3]
Hakimullah Mehsud حکیم اللہ محسود | |
|---|---|
Mehsud in 2008 | |
| 2nd Emir of Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan | |
| In office 22 August 2009 – 1 November 2013 | |
| Preceded by | Baitullah Mehsud |
| Succeeded by | Maulana Fazlullah |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Jamshed Mehsud c. 1978-1981 Kotkai region, South Waziristan, Pakistan |
| Died | 1 November 2013 Dande Darpa Khel, North Waziristan, Pakistan |
| Cause of death | U.S. drone strike |
| Relations | Qari Hussain (cousin, deceased) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan |
| Years of service | 2000s–2013 |
| Rank | Emir of Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan, Fedayeen al-Islam, and Jundallah |
| Battles/wars | War on Terror: |
He had previously been deputy to commander Baitullah Mehsud and one of the leaders of the militant group Fedayeen al-Islam prior to the elder Mehsud's death in a CIA drone missile strike,[4][5][6] and in TTP he had been commander in the Khyber, Kurram and Orakzai agencies of Pakistan.[4] He was described as being born about 1979 and a cousin of Qari Hussain.[4] He was known to be a young and aggressive field commander, who previously served as a driver and was very close to Baitullah Mehsud.[7] He maintained ties to al-Qaeda, the Afghan Taliban and various Pakistani jihadist groups, such as Lashkar-e-Taiba, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, and Jaish-e-Mohammed.[8]
Early life and family edit
Hakimullah was born as Jamshed Mehsud in the region of Kotkai in South Waziristan.[9] According to the FBI's Most Wanted Terrorists list, Mehsud was born within the years ranging from 1978 to 1981. One birth date listed is 1 January 1980.[10]
Mehsud was educated in a village madrassa, the Dar-ul-Uloom Shariah headed by Mufti Sarwar, in the Serwekai town of South Waziristan.[11] Baitullah Mehsud also attended the same school but eventually dropped out.[12] He also attended a secular school until Class 8.[11]
According to a short seven-page autobiography he wrote, he was the eldest of nine siblings, having four brothers and four sisters, and was married twice, first to a fellow Mehsud and later to an Afridi from the Orakzai District, and in terms of religious activities he says he spent many months in a preaching mission with the Tablighi Jamaat.[11]
Journalists who met him generally described him as hospitable and humorous in everyday life[13] while Imtiaz Gul, head of the Center for Research and Security Studies, wrote in 2010 that "Hakimullah, more than six feet tall, radiates a certain charisma."[14]
Militant activities edit
Early activities edit
Jamshed Mehsud joined his clansman Baitullah in jihad, initially as his bodyguard and aide.[12] He adopted the nom de guerre Zulfiqar, then later took the name Hakimullah, meaning one who has knowledge.[9] He gained a reputation within the Taliban for his battle skills with the AK-47 and the Toyota pick-up truck. One Taliban member told a BBC correspondent that at the time Hakimullah's reputed skills were second only to Nek Mohammad.[12]
In 2004, he was made a spokesman.[9] He organised a series of raids against US military convoys between the summer of 2007 and the spring of 2008 that forced the closure of the Khyber Pass six times.[8] In 2008, he was given command of the Orakzai, Khyber and Kurram districts.[9]
Tehrik-e-Taliban leadership edit
Pakistani news channels reported on 8 August 2009 that Hakimullah Mehsud was killed after shooting erupted between his camp and that of Wali-ur-Rehman during a shura to determine the successor to the slain Baitullah Mehsud. Interior Minister Rehman Malik could not confirm the death only that the fighting had occurred.[15] On 10 August, a man claiming to be Hakimullah Mehsud called a Reuters reporter to declare that he and Baitullah were still alive. While the reporter was certain that the call was authentic, Pakistani officials awaited voice analysis results and stated that intercepted phone calls led to the intelligence of Hakimullah's death.[16] Wali-ur-Rehman telephoned a Reuters reporter to say that Hakimullah is alive, and would be calling soon, and that the first shura where the shooting supposedly occurred never took place.
On 22 August 2009, Hakimullah Mehsud was appointed unanimously as the new leader of the Tehrik-e-Taliban by a 42-member shura.[1][17][18] Analysts cited by The Daily Times interpreted the appointment of the 28-year-old commander as a way to admit the death of Baitullah Mehsud although spokesmen for the group continued to vehemently deny his death, instead saying he was ill.[18][19]
Hakimullah Mehsud appeared alongside suicide bomber Humam Khalil Abu-Mulal al-Balawi in an early January 2010 video that claimed responsibility for the Camp Chapman attack in retaliation for the death of Baitullah Mehsud.[20][21]
In February 2011, Hakimullah was seen in the execution video of Sultan Emir Tarar, better known as Col Imam. Imam was kidnapped in March 2010.[22]
Rewards for capture edit
Pakistan bounty edit
On 2 November 2009 Pakistani authorities offered a Rs50 million ($600,000)[23] reward for information that lead to the capture or killing of Hakimullah Mehsud. They offered the same reward for similar information regarding Wali-ur-Rehman and Qari Hussain and smaller rewards for 16 other TTP militants.[24][25]
United States bounty edit
On 1 September 2010 the United States added the militant leader to its list of Specially Designated Global Terrorists and the TTP to its list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations.[26] The FBI posted a reward of $5 million for information leading to his capture.[27]
Political and religious views edit
Mehsud aimed to transform Pakistan into an Islamic state, in a video message released in July 2009 arguing that "We are not the enemies of Pakistan or the Pakistani nation. Instead we are the enemies of the kufr democratic system that has been forced on us. This system is unjust and despotic. This unethical and tyrannical setup is kufr system irrelevant to sharia" while in another video he said that "Taliban are not the enemies of Pakistan, its army or its administrators" adding that "if the administrators can implement the order of the Prophet (nizam-e-Mustafa) then we can address the hypocrites in India."[28]
Under Mehsud's leadership the TTP attacks targeted what they considered to be hypocrites or munafaqeen, those who TTP declared to be spreading "discord" in Pakistan. This meant not only religious minorities like the Ahmedi and the Shia Muslims, but also the Barelvi sect of Sunni Islam, which made up more than half of the population of Pakistan, and is known for its Sufi activities. The TTP thus began "openly attacking Sufi shrines", Mehsud and TTP being of the rival Deobandi Sunni sect.[29]
Death edit
Reports initially indicated he was fatally wounded on 14 January 2010 by a U.S. drone attack[30][31] although two videos released by the TTP in 2010 and 2011 proved that he survived the attack.[32] Mehsud was reported by Pakistani intelligence to have been killed by a U.S. drone strike on 12 January 2012.[33] However, the Pakistani Taliban denied the claim.[34]
On 1 November 2013, a senior Taliban source confirmed that a US drone strike in Pakistan killed Mehsud in the village of Dande Darpa Khel in North Waziristan.[2] Dande Darpa Khel was the site of the Dande Darpa Khel airstrike in 2008. The drone strike also killed two other militants, along with his uncle and cousin.[35]
At the time of his death, he was living in a farmhouse worth $120 000, equipped with marble floors, green lawns and a tall minaret, where he used to grow apples, oranges, grapes and pomegranates.[36]
References edit
- ^ a b Rodriguez, Alex; Ali, Zulfiqar (22 August 2009). "Pakistani Taliban names new leader". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 22 August 2009.
- ^ a b "Drone strike in Pakistan kills head of Pakistan Taliban". Fox News. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
- ^ "Pakistan Taliban say chief Mehsud killed in drone strike". BBC. November 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
- ^ a b c . All Voices. 29 November 2008. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2012.
- ^ "Pakistan's extremists: The slide downhill". The Economist. 8 April 2009. Retrieved 28 May 2009.
- ^ . The Times of India. 9 August 2009. Archived from the original on 9 August 2009.
- ^ "Pakistani Taliban Choose New Chief". The New York Times. Associated Press. 22 August 2009. Retrieved 22 August 2009.
- ^ a b Roggio, Bill (7 May 2010). "The Pakistani Taliban's top leaders". The Long War Journal. Public Multimedia Inc. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
- ^ a b c d . Dawn. Pakistan. 14 January 2010. Archived from the original on 17 January 2010. Retrieved 14 January 2010.
- ^ . fbi.gov. FBI. Archived from the original on 29 September 2013.
- ^ a b c Ali, Tahir (1 February 2010). . Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023.
- ^ a b c "Profile: Hakimullah Mehsud". BBC News. 25 August 2009. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
- ^ Ul Islam, Nazar (8 November 2013). . Newsweek Pakistan. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023.
- ^ Gul, Imtiaz (31 January 2010). . Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023.
- ^ "Fighting erupts between Taliban rivals". Financial Times. 8 August 2009. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
Pakistani news channels were carrying unconfirmed reports that Hakimullah Mehsud, one of the movement's most powerful commanders, had been killed at a shura, or council meeting, held to decide who would succeed slain leader Baitullah Mehsud. "The infighting was between Wali-ur-Rehman and Hakimullah Mehsud," Interior Minister Rehman Malik told Reuters. "We have information that one of them has been killed. Who was killed we will be able to say later after confirming."
- ^ Shah, Pir Zubair; Tavernise, Sabrina (11 August 2009). "U.S. Missile Kills at Least 10 in Pakistan Tribal Area". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 August 2009.
- ^ Kahn, Ismail; Polgreen, Linda (22 August 2009). "New leader of Pakistan's Taliban is named, though officials believe he is dead". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 August 2009.
- ^ a b Khan, Hasbanullah (23 August 2009). . Daily Times. Archived from the original on 9 November 2009. Retrieved 24 August 2009.
- ^ Bitani, Alamgir (9 August 2009). . Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 August 2009. Retrieved 22 August 2009.
- ^ Mehsud, Sailab (15 January 2010). . Dawn. Pakistan: Dawn Media Group. Archived from the original on 6 January 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2010.
- ^ Khan, M Ilyas (9 January 2010). "'CIA bomber' video indicates Taliban's reach". BBC News. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
- ^ Express / Online (19 February 2011). "Taliban release video of killing of Col Imam". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
- ^ "Pakistan offers Taliban bounties". BBC News. 2 November 2009. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
- ^ "Deadly blast rocks Pakistani city". Al Jazeera. Doha. 2 November 2009. Retrieved 2 November 2009.
- ^ . Dawn. 2 November 2009. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009. Retrieved 2 November 2009.
- ^ "Designations of Tehrik-E-Taliban Pakistan and Two Senior Leaders" (Press release). U.S. State Department. 1 September 2010. Retrieved 2 September 2010.
- ^ "Hakimullah Mehsud". FBI. Retrieved 9 December 2012.
- ^ Khoja-Moolji, Shenila (2021). Sovereign Attachments: Masculinity, Muslimness, and Affective Politics in Pakistan. University of California Press. p. 89.
- ^ FAIR, C. CHRISTINE (20 May 2014). "WHO'S KILLING PAKISTAN'S SHIA AND WHY?". War on the Rocks. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
- ^ "Sources: Pakistani Taliban leader is dead". CNN. 9 February 2010. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
- ^ . NPR. 10 February 2010. Archived from the original on 12 February 2010. Retrieved 11 February 2010.
- ^ Gall, Carlotta (3 April 2010). "Video Shows U.S. Attack Did Not Kill Top Militant". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
- ^ "Hakimullah Mehsud reportedly killed in drone strike". Dawn. Pakistan. 14 January 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
- ^ . The Wall Street Journal. 16 January 2012. Archived from the original on 16 January 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
- ^ "Pakistani Taliban confirm leader killed by drone". Boston Herald. 2 November 2013.
- ^ "The $120,000 farmhouse where the TTP chief was killed". Dawn News. 4 November 2013.
External links edit
- Waziristan and Mughal empire[usurped]
- Nehru in Waziristan[usurped]
- [usurped]
- Mehsuds and Wazirs, the King-makers in a game of thrones[usurped]
- Lawrence of Arabia in Waziristan[usurped]