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Music for the Requiem Mass

April 10, 2024

The Music for the Requiem Mass is any music that accompanies the Requiem, a Mass in the Catholic Church for the deceased. It has inspired a large number of compositions, including settings by Mozart, Berlioz, Donizetti, Verdi, Bruckner, Saint-Saëns, Dvořák, Fauré and Duruflé. Originally, such compositions were meant to be performed in liturgical service, with monophonic chant. Eventually the dramatic character of the text began to appeal to composers to an extent that they made the requiem a genre of its own, and the compositions of composers such as Verdi are essentially concert pieces rather than liturgical works.

Incipit of the Gregorian chant introit for a Requiem Mass, from the Liber Usualis.

Common texts edit

The following are the texts that have been set to music. Note that the Libera Me and the In Paradisum are not part of the text of the Catholic Mass for the Dead itself, but a part of the burial rite that immediately follows. In Paradisum was traditionally said or sung as the body left the church, and the Libera Me is said/sung at the burial site before interment. These became included in musical settings of the Requiem in the 19th century as composers began to treat the form more liberally.

Introit edit

From 4 Esdras 2:34–35; Psalm 65:1-2

Kyrie eleison edit

This is as the Kyrie in the Ordinary of the Mass:

This is Greek (Κύριε ἐλέησον, Χριστὲ ἐλέησον, Κύριε ἐλέησον). Each utterance is sung three times, though sometimes that is not the case when sung polyphonically.

Gradual edit

From 4 Esdras 2:34–35; Psalm 112:6

Tract edit

Sequence edit

Main article: Dies irae

A sequence is a liturgical poem sung, when used, after the Tract (or Alleluia, if present). The sequence employed in the Requiem, Dies irae, attributed to Thomas of Celano (c. 1200 – c. 1260–1270), has been called "the greatest of hymns", worthy of "supreme admiration".[1] The Latin text is included in the Requiem Mass in the 1962 Roman Missal. An early English version was translated by William Josiah Irons in 1849.

Offertory edit

Sanctus edit

This is as the Sanctus prayer in the Ordinary of the Mass:

Agnus Dei edit

This is as the Agnus Dei in the Ordinary of the Mass, but with the petitions miserere nobis changed to dona eis requiem, and dona nobis pacem to dona eis requiem sempiternam:[2]

Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi: dona eis requiem.
Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi: dona eis requiem.
Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi: dona eis requiem sempiternam.

Lamb of God, Who takest away the sins of the world, grant them rest.
Lamb of God, Who takest away the sins of the world, grant them rest.
Lamb of God, Who takest away the sins of the world, grant them eternal rest.

Lux æterna edit

As mentioned above, there is no Gloria, Alleluia or Credo in these musical settings.

Pie Jesu edit

Main article: Pie Jesu

Some extracts too have been set independently to music, such as Pie Jesu in the settings of Dvořák, Fauré, Duruflé and John Rutter.

The Pie Jesu consists of the final words of the Dies irae followed by the final words of the Agnus Dei.

Musical Requiem settings sometimes include passages from the "Absolution at the bier" (Absolutio ad feretrum) or "Commendation of the dead person" (referred to also as the Absolution of the dead), which in the case of a funeral, follows the conclusion of the Mass.

Libera me edit

Main article: Libera me

In paradisum edit

Main article: In paradisum

History of musical compositions edit

For many centuries the texts of the requiem were sung to Gregorian melodies. The Requiem by Johannes Ockeghem, written sometime in the later half of the 15th century, is the earliest surviving polyphonic setting. There was a setting by the elder composer Guillaume Du Fay, possibly earlier, which is now lost: Ockeghem's may have been modelled on it.[3] Many early compositions employ different texts that were in use in different liturgies around Europe before the Council of Trent set down the texts given above. The requiem of Brumel, circa 1500, is the first to include the Dies Iræ. In the early polyphonic settings of the Requiem, there is considerable textural contrast within the compositions themselves: simple chordal or fauxbourdon-like passages are contrasted with other sections of contrapuntal complexity, such as in the Offertory of Ockeghem's Requiem.[3]

In the 16th century, more and more composers set the Requiem mass. In contrast to practice in setting the Mass Ordinary, many of these settings used a cantus-firmus technique, something which had become quite archaic by mid-century. In addition, these settings used less textural contrast than the early settings by Ockeghem and Brumel, although the vocal scoring was often richer, for example in the six-voice Requiem by Jean Richafort which he wrote for the death of Josquin des Prez.[3] Other composers before 1550 include Pedro de Escobar, Antoine de Févin, Cristóbal de Morales, and Pierre de la Rue; that by la Rue is probably the second oldest, after Ockeghem's.

Over 2,000 Requiem compositions have been composed to the present day. Typically the Renaissance settings, especially those not written on the Iberian Peninsula, may be performed a cappella (i.e. without necessary accompanying instrumental parts), whereas beginning around 1600 composers more often preferred to use instruments to accompany a choir, and also include vocal soloists. There is great variation between compositions in how much of liturgical text is set to music.

Most composers omit sections of the liturgical prescription, most frequently the Gradual and the Tract. Fauré omits the Dies iræ, while the very same text had often been set by French composers in previous centuries as a stand-alone work.

Sometimes composers divide an item of the liturgical text into two or more movements; because of the length of its text, the Dies iræ is the most frequently divided section of the text (as with Mozart, for instance). The Introit and Kyrie, being immediately adjacent in the actual Roman Catholic liturgy, are often composed as one movement.

Musico-thematic relationships among movements within a Requiem can be found as well.

Requiem in concert edit

Beginning in the 18th century and continuing through the 19th, many composers wrote what are effectively concert works, which by virtue of employing forces too large, or lasting such a considerable duration, prevent them being readily used in an ordinary funeral service; the requiems of Gossec, Berlioz, Verdi, and Dvořák are essentially dramatic concert oratorios. A counter-reaction to this tendency came from the Cecilian movement, which recommended restrained accompaniment for liturgical music, and frowned upon the use of operatic vocal soloists.

Notable compositions edit

See also: Category:Requiems
 
A portion of the manuscript of Mozart's Requiem, K 626 (1791), showing his heading for the first movement.

Many composers have composed a Requiem. Some of the most notable include the following (in chronological order):

Other composers edit

Renaissance edit

Baroque edit

Classical period edit

Romantic era edit

20th century edit

21st century edit

Requiem by language (other than Latin) edit

English with Latin

Cornish

Estonian

German

French, Greek, with Latin

French, English, German with Latin

Latin and Japanese

Latin and German and others

Latin and Polish

Latin and 7th Century Northumbrian

Russian

Chinese

Persian

  • Ehsan Saboohi – Phonemes Requiem (For four Soloists, mixed Chorus, Didgeridoo, prepared Tombak, Electronics, Computer)[14]

Nonlinguistic

Modern treatments edit

In the 20th century the requiem evolved in several new directions. One offshoot consists of compositions dedicated to the memory of people killed in wartime. These often include extra-liturgical poems of a pacifist or non-liturgical nature; for example, the War Requiem of Benjamin Britten juxtaposes the Latin text with the poetry of Wilfred Owen, Krzysztof Penderecki's Polish Requiem includes a traditional Polish hymn within the sequence, and Robert Steadman's Mass in Black intersperses environmental poetry and prophecies of Nostradamus. Holocaust Requiem may be regarded as a specific subset of this type. The World Requiem of John Foulds was written in the aftermath of the First World War and initiated the Royal British Legion's annual festival of remembrance. Recent requiem works by Taiwanese composers Tyzen Hsiao and Fan-Long Ko follow in this tradition, honouring victims of the February 28 Incident and subsequent White Terror.

Lastly, the 20th century saw the development of the secular Requiem, written for public performance without specific religious observance, such as Frederick Delius's Requiem, completed in 1916 and dedicated to "the memory of all young Artists fallen in the war",[16] and Dmitry Kabalevsky's Requiem (Op. 72 – 1962), a setting of a poem written by Robert Rozhdestvensky especially for the composition.[17] Herbert Howells's unaccompanied Requiem uses Psalm 23 ("The Lord is my shepherd"), Psalm 121 ("I will lift up mine eyes"), "Salvator mundi" ("O Saviour of the world," in English), "Requiem aeternam" (two different settings), and "I heard a voice from heaven." Some composers have written purely instrumental works bearing the title of requiem, as famously exemplified by Britten's Sinfonia da Requiem. Hans Werner Henze's Das Floß der Medusa, written in 1968 as a requiem for Che Guevara, is properly speaking an oratorio; Henze's Requiem is instrumental but retains the traditional Latin titles for the movements. Igor Stravinsky's Requiem Canticles mixes instrumental movements with segments of the "Introit," "Dies irae," "Pie Jesu," and "Libera me."

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Nott, Charles C. (1902). The Seven Great Hymns of the Mediaeval Church. New York: Edwin S. Gorham. p. 45. Retrieved 6 July 2010. nott seven great hymns.
  2. ^ "Mass | Grove Music". doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.45872. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 2018-09-13.
  3. ^ a b c Fabrice Fitch: "Requiem (2)", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed January 21, 2007)
  4. ^ p. 8, Kinder (2000) Keith William. Westport, Connecticut. The Wind and Wind-Chorus Music of Anton Bruckner Greenwood Press
  5. ^ . Archived from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
  6. ^ "Requiem Survey". www.requiemsurvey.org.
  7. ^ "Ashley Bryan". sealharborlibrary.me.
  8. ^ Maddocks, Fiona (March 25, 2012). "Bob Chilcott: Requiem – review" – via www.theguardian.com.
  9. ^ "The Sound of History—A New Requiem by Gabriela Lena Frank". April 18, 2017.
  10. ^ a b "HAWES Lazarus Requiem - Signum SIGCD282 [JQ]: Classical Music Reviews - August 2012 MusicWeb-International". www.musicweb-international.com.
  11. ^ "Ehsan Saboohi - Phonemes Requiem". Discogs.
  12. ^ "Aaron Robinson (1907- )". pytheasmusic.org.
  13. ^ "Ashley Bryan, 95, 'always honored' to have a new show". pressherald.com.
  14. ^ "Phonemes Requiem, by Ehsan Saboohi". spectropolrecords.
  15. ^ ALM Records ALCD-76 Silenziosa Luna
  16. ^ Corleonis, Adrian. Requiem, for soprano, baritone, double chorus & orchestra, RT ii/8 All Music Guide, Retrieved 2011-02-20
  17. ^ Flaxman, Fred. Controversial Comrade Kabalevsky Compact Discoveries with Fred Flaxman, 2007, Retrieved 2011-02-20;

External links edit

  • Mozart's "Requiem". Spanish Radio and Television Symphony Orchestra and Chorus. Carlos Kalmar, conductor. Live concert with the completion of its well-known unfinished musical score of the musicologist Robert Levin.
  • Fauré's "Requiem". Spanish Radio and Television Symphony Orchestra and Chorus. Petri Sakari, conductor. Live concert.
  • Dvořák's "Requiem". Spanish Radio and Television Symphony Orchestra and Chorus. Carlos Kalmar, conductor. Live concert. Los conciertos de La 2 - Concierto RTVE A-5 - RTVE.es
  • http://www.rtve.es/alacarta/videos/los-conciertos-de-la-2/conciertos-2-concierto-rtve-5/2258548/ Dvořák's "Requiem".] Spanish Radio and Television Symphony Orchestra and Chorus. Carlos Kalmar, conductor. Live concert. Los conciertos de La 2 - Concierto RTVE A-5 - RTVE.es
  • Lansing McLoskey's "Requiem, v.2.001". Stony Brook Contemporary Chamber Players. Eduardo Leandro, conductor. (Albany Records, 2013).
  • Lansing McLoskey's "Requiem, v.2.001". What Is Noise ensemble. (Centaur Records, 2018).

April 10, 2024
music, requiem, mass, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, decem. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Music for the Requiem Mass news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Music for the Requiem Mass is any music that accompanies the Requiem a Mass in the Catholic Church for the deceased It has inspired a large number of compositions including settings by Mozart Berlioz Donizetti Verdi Bruckner Saint Saens Dvorak Faure and Durufle Originally such compositions were meant to be performed in liturgical service with monophonic chant Eventually the dramatic character of the text began to appeal to composers to an extent that they made the requiem a genre of its own and the compositions of composers such as Verdi are essentially concert pieces rather than liturgical works Incipit of the Gregorian chant introit for a Requiem Mass from the Liber Usualis Contents 1 Common texts 1 1 Introit 1 2 Kyrie eleison 1 3 Gradual 1 4 Tract 1 5 Sequence 1 6 Offertory 1 7 Sanctus 1 8 Agnus Dei 1 9 Lux aeterna 1 10 Pie Jesu 1 11 Libera me 1 12 In paradisum 2 History of musical compositions 2 1 Requiem in concert 3 Notable compositions 4 Other composers 4 1 Renaissance 4 2 Baroque 4 3 Classical period 4 4 Romantic era 4 5 20th century 4 6 21st century 4 7 Requiem by language other than Latin 5 Modern treatments 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksCommon texts editThe following are the texts that have been set to music Note that the Libera Me and the In Paradisum are not part of the text of the Catholic Mass for the Dead itself but a part of the burial rite that immediately follows In Paradisum was traditionally said or sung as the body left the church and the Libera Me is said sung at the burial site before interment These became included in musical settings of the Requiem in the 19th century as composers began to treat the form more liberally Introit edit From 4 Esdras 2 34 35 Psalm 65 1 2 Requiem aeternam dona eis Domine et lux perpetua luceat eis Te decet hymnus Deus in Sion et tibi reddetur votum in Ierusalem exaudi orationem meam ad te omnis caro veniet Requiem aeternam dona eis Domine et lux perpetua luceat eis Eternal rest give unto them O Lord and let perpetual light shine upon them A hymn O God becometh Thee in Zion and a vow shall be paid to Thee in Jerusalem hear my prayer all flesh shall come to Thee Eternal rest give unto them O Lord and let perpetual light shine upon them Kyrie eleison edit This is as the Kyrie in the Ordinary of the Mass Kyrie eleison Christe eleison Kyrie eleison Lord have mercy Christ have mercy Lord have mercy This is Greek Kyrie ἐlehson Xristὲ ἐlehson Kyrie ἐlehson Each utterance is sung three times though sometimes that is not the case when sung polyphonically Gradual edit From 4 Esdras 2 34 35 Psalm 112 6 Requiem aeternam dona eis Domine et lux perpetua luceat eis In memoria aeterna erit iustus ab auditione mala non timebit Eternal rest give unto them O Lord and let perpetual light shine upon them The just shall be in everlasting remembrance he shall not fear the evil hearing Tract edit Absolve Domine animas omnium fidelium defunctorum ab omni vinculo delictorum Et gratia tua illis succurrente mereantur evadere iudicium ultionis Et lucis aeternae beatitudine perfrui Absolve O Lord the souls of all the faithful departed from every bond of sin And by the help of Thy grace may they be enabled to escape the avenging judgment And enjoy the bliss of everlasting light Sequence edit Main article Dies irae A sequence is a liturgical poem sung when used after the Tract or Alleluia if present The sequence employed in the Requiem Dies irae attributed to Thomas of Celano c 1200 c 1260 1270 has been called the greatest of hymns worthy of supreme admiration 1 The Latin text is included in the Requiem Mass in the 1962 Roman Missal An early English version was translated by William Josiah Irons in 1849 Offertory edit Domine Iesu Christe Rex gloriae libera animas omnium fidelium defunctorum de pœnis inferni et de profundo lacu libera eas de ore leonis ne absorbeat eas tartarus ne cadant in obscurum sed signifer sanctus Michael repraesentet eas in lucem sanctam Quam olim Abrahae promisisti et semini eius Lord Jesus Christ King of glory deliver the souls of all the faithful departed from the pains of hell and from the bottomless pit deliver them from the lion s mouth that Tartarus swallow them not up that they fall not into darkness but let the standard bearer holy Michael lead them into that holy light Which Thou didst promise of old to Abraham and to his seed Hostias et preces tibi Domine laudis offerimus tu suscipe pro animabus illis quarum hodie memoriam facimus fac eas Domine de morte transire ad vitam Quam olim Abrahae promisisti et semini eius We offer to Thee O Lord sacrifices and prayers do Thou receive them in behalf of those souls of whom we make memorial this day Grant them O Lord to pass from death to that life Which Thou didst promise of old to Abraham and to his seed Sanctus edit This is as the Sanctus prayer in the Ordinary of the Mass Sanctus Sanctus Sanctus Dominus Deus Sabaoth Pleni sunt caeli et terra gloria tua Hosanna in excelsis Benedictus qui venit in nomine Domini Hosanna in excelsis Holy holy holy Lord God of Hosts Heaven and earth are full of Thy glory Hosanna in the highest Blessed is He Who cometh in the Name of the Lord Hosanna in the highest Agnus Dei edit This is as the Agnus Dei in the Ordinary of the Mass but with the petitions miserere nobis changed to dona eis requiem and dona nobis pacem to dona eis requiem sempiternam 2 Agnus Dei qui tollis peccata mundi dona eis requiem Agnus Dei qui tollis peccata mundi dona eis requiem Agnus Dei qui tollis peccata mundi dona eis requiem sempiternam Lamb of God Who takest away the sins of the world grant them rest Lamb of God Who takest away the sins of the world grant them rest Lamb of God Who takest away the sins of the world grant them eternal rest Lux aeterna edit Lux aeterna luceat eis Domine Cum Sanctis tuis in aeternum quia pius es Requiem aeternam dona eis Domine et lux perpetua luceat eis Cum Sanctis tuis in aeternum quia pius es May light eternal shine upon them O Lord with Thy Saints for evermore for Thou art gracious Eternal rest give to them O Lord and let perpetual light shine upon them With Thy Saints for evermore for Thou art gracious As mentioned above there is no Gloria Alleluia or Credo in these musical settings Pie Jesu edit Main article Pie Jesu Some extracts too have been set independently to music such as Pie Jesu in the settings of Dvorak Faure Durufle and John Rutter The Pie Jesu consists of the final words of the Dies irae followed by the final words of the Agnus Dei Pie Jesu Domine dona eis requiem Dona eis requiem sempiternam Merciful Lord Jesus grant them rest grant them eternal rest Musical Requiem settings sometimes include passages from the Absolution at the bier Absolutio ad feretrum or Commendation of the dead person referred to also as the Absolution of the dead which in the case of a funeral follows the conclusion of the Mass Libera me edit Main article Libera me Libera me Domine de morte aeterna in die illa tremenda Quando caeli movendi sunt et terra Dum veneris iudicare saeculum per ignem Tremens factus sum ego et timeo dum discussio venerit atque ventura ira Quando caeli movendi sunt et terra Dies illa dies irae calamitatis et miseriae dies magna et amara valde Dum veneris iudicare saeculum per ignem Requiem aeternam dona eis Domine et lux perpetua luceat eis Deliver me O Lord from death eternal in that awful day When the heavens and the earth shall be moved When Thou shalt come to judge the world by fire Dread and trembling have laid hold on me and I fear exceedingly because of the judgment and of the wrath to come When the heavens and the earth shall be moved O that day that day of wrath of sore distress and of all wretchedness that great day and exceeding bitter When Thou shalt come to judge the world by fire Eternal rest grant unto them O Lord and let perpetual light shine upon them In paradisum edit Main article In paradisum In paradisum deducant te Angeli in tuo adventu suscipiant te Martyres et perducant te in civitatem sanctam Jerusalem Chorus Angelorum te suscipiat et cum Lazaro quondam paupere aeternam habeas requiem May the Angels lead thee into paradise may the Martyrs receive thee at thy coming and lead thee into the holy city of Jerusalem May the choir of Angels receive thee and with Lazarus who once was poor mayest thou have eternal rest History of musical compositions editFor many centuries the texts of the requiem were sung to Gregorian melodies The Requiem by Johannes Ockeghem written sometime in the later half of the 15th century is the earliest surviving polyphonic setting There was a setting by the elder composer Guillaume Du Fay possibly earlier which is now lost Ockeghem s may have been modelled on it 3 Many early compositions employ different texts that were in use in different liturgies around Europe before the Council of Trent set down the texts given above The requiem of Brumel circa 1500 is the first to include the Dies Irae In the early polyphonic settings of the Requiem there is considerable textural contrast within the compositions themselves simple chordal or fauxbourdon like passages are contrasted with other sections of contrapuntal complexity such as in the Offertory of Ockeghem s Requiem 3 In the 16th century more and more composers set the Requiem mass In contrast to practice in setting the Mass Ordinary many of these settings used a cantus firmus technique something which had become quite archaic by mid century In addition these settings used less textural contrast than the early settings by Ockeghem and Brumel although the vocal scoring was often richer for example in the six voice Requiem by Jean Richafort which he wrote for the death of Josquin des Prez 3 Other composers before 1550 include Pedro de Escobar Antoine de Fevin Cristobal de Morales and Pierre de la Rue that by la Rue is probably the second oldest after Ockeghem s Over 2 000 Requiem compositions have been composed to the present day Typically the Renaissance settings especially those not written on the Iberian Peninsula may be performed a cappella i e without necessary accompanying instrumental parts whereas beginning around 1600 composers more often preferred to use instruments to accompany a choir and also include vocal soloists There is great variation between compositions in how much of liturgical text is set to music Most composers omit sections of the liturgical prescription most frequently the Gradual and the Tract Faure omits the Dies irae while the very same text had often been set by French composers in previous centuries as a stand alone work Sometimes composers divide an item of the liturgical text into two or more movements because of the length of its text the Dies irae is the most frequently divided section of the text as with Mozart for instance The Introit and Kyrie being immediately adjacent in the actual Roman Catholic liturgy are often composed as one movement Musico thematic relationships among movements within a Requiem can be found as well Requiem in concert edit Beginning in the 18th century and continuing through the 19th many composers wrote what are effectively concert works which by virtue of employing forces too large or lasting such a considerable duration prevent them being readily used in an ordinary funeral service the requiems of Gossec Berlioz Verdi and Dvorak are essentially dramatic concert oratorios A counter reaction to this tendency came from the Cecilian movement which recommended restrained accompaniment for liturgical music and frowned upon the use of operatic vocal soloists Notable compositions editSee also Category Requiems nbsp A portion of the manuscript of Mozart s Requiem K 626 1791 showing his heading for the first movement Many composers have composed a Requiem Some of the most notable include the following in chronological order Ockeghem Requiem the earliest to survive written in the mid to late 15th century Morales Two notable requiems Officium defunctorum ca 1526 28 and Missa pro defunctis 1544 Guerrero Requiem Missa pro defunctis 1582 Victoria Requiem of 1603 part of a longer Office of the Dead Zelenka Requiem in D minor ZWV 48 After Augustus the Strong Circa 1730 Mozart Requiem K 626 1791 Mozart died before its completion Franz Xaver Sussmayr s completion is often used Salieri Requiem 1804 played at his funeral on May 7 1825 Cherubini Requiem in C minor 1815 and Requiem in D minor 1836 Berlioz Grande Messe des morts 1837 Verdi Messa da Requiem 1874 Saint Saens Messe de Requiem 1878 Dvorak Requiem Op 89 1890 Faure Requiem Op 48 1890 Delius Requiem 1916 Durufle Requiem Op 9 based almost exclusively on the chants from the Graduale Romanum 1947 Britten War Requiem Op 66 which incorporated poems by Wilfred Owen 1962 Stravinsky Requiem Canticles 1966 Penderecki Polish Requiem 1984 revised 1993 and 2005 Lloyd Webber Requiem 1985 Rutter Requiem includes Psalm 130 Psalm 23 and words from the Book of Common Prayer 1985 Wilberg Requiem 2008 Other composers editRenaissance edit Giovanni Francesco Anerio Gianmatteo Asola Giulio Belli Antoine Brumel Manuel Cardoso Giovanni Cavaccio Joan Cererols Pierre Certon Jacob Clemens non Papa Guillaume Du Fay lost Pedro de Escobar Antoine de Fevin Francisco Guerrero Jacobus de Kerle Orlando di Lasso Duarte Lobo Jean Maillard Jacques Mauduit Manuel Mendes Cristobal de Morales Johannes Ockeghem the earliest to survive Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina Pietro Pontio 2 for four voices both incomplete and one for five low voices Costanzo Porta Johannes Prioris Jean Richafort Pierre de la Rue Pedro Ruimonte Claudin de Sermisy Jacobus Vaet Tomas Luis de VictoriaBaroque edit Giovanni Francesco Anerio Johann Christian Bach 1757 Steffano Bernardi 1628 Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber 1691 Carl Heinrich Biber H I F Biber s son 1740 Antonio Caldara 1723 Andre Campra 1725 Francesco Cavalli 1672 Marc Antoine Charpentier H 2 H 7 H 10 H 12 H 234 1670 1690 Francesco Durante 1738 in G minor 1746 in C minor Johann Joseph Fux Kaiserrequiem 1720 Jean Gilles 1705 Johann David Heinichen 1726 Johann Caspar Kerll 1689 Duarte Lobo 1639 Antonio Lotti Requiem in F Major 1715 Benedetto Marcello Requiem in the Venetian Manner 1729 Claudio Monteverdi lost Michael Praetorius Johann Rosenmuller 1660 Bonaventura Rubino 1653 Heinrich Schutz Musikalische Exequien 1636 Andrzej Siewinski Philippus van Steelant Antwerp Requiem 1650 Frantisek Tuma 1742 Jan Dismas Zelenka 1733 Classical period edit Johann Georg Albrechtsberger Franz Joseph Aumann Johann Christian Bach 1757 Domenico Cimarosa 1787 Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf 1784 Joseph Leopold Eybler 1803 Johann Joseph Fux 1720 Florian Leopold Gassmann Francois Joseph Gossec 1760 Johann Adolf Hasse 1763 Michael Haydn 1771 Amandus Ivanschiz Niccolo Jommelli 1756 Jozef Kozlowski 1798 Joseph Martin Kraus 1775 Andrea Luchesi 1771 Giovanni Battista Martini Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 1791 Georg von Pasterwitz Giovanni Platti 1752 Ignaz Pleyel Anton Reicha 1805 Franz Xaver Richter 1789 Antonio Salieri 1805 Vaclav Tomasek Joseph Vogler 1808 Jan Zach 1762 Romantic era edit Hector Berlioz 1837 Joao Domingos Bomtempo 1820 Giovanni Bottesini 1877 Johannes Brahms 1865 68 Anton Bruckner Requiem in D minor 4 1849 Alfred Bruneau 1883 Ferruccio Busoni Luigi Cherubini For Louis XVI 1816 Peter Cornelius 1867 Carl Czerny Gaetano Donizetti Requiem in D minor for Bellini 1835 Felix Draeseke 1880 1881 Antonin Dvorak 1890 Gabriel Faure 1888 Charles Gounod 1891 93 Theodore Gouvy 1874 Asger Hamerik 1887 Friedrich Kiel 1862 Franz Lachner 1865 Franz Liszt 1871 Jean Paul Egide Martini For Louis XVI amp Marie Antoinette 1815 Saverio Mercadante Requiem breve 1836 Sigismund von Neukomm 1815 Jose Mauricio Nunes Garcia 1816 Lorenzo Perosi 1897 Giacomo Puccini Introit only Max Reger Hebbel Requiem 1916 Lateinisches Requiem fragment 1915 Josef Gabriel Rheinberger 1899 Antonin Rejcha 1805 Camille Saint Saens 1878 Robert Schumann 1852 Giovanni Sgambati 1901 Franz von Suppe 1855 Charles Villiers Stanford 1896 Sergei Taneyev John of Damascus a Russian Requiem 1883 Giuseppe Verdi 1874 See also Messa per Rossini20th century edit Mark Alburger Malcolm Archer Max Reger 1915 Vyacheslav Artyomov 1987 John Baboukis Requiem Mass for G K Chesterton 1986 5 Osvaldas Balakauskas Benjamin Britten 1940 Gavin Bryars Sylvano Bussotti Rara Requiem 1969 Pavel Chesnokov 1914 Michel Chion Vladimir Dashkevich Stephen DeCesare James DeMars An American Requiem Edison Denisov Alfred Desenclos 1963 Felix Draeseke 1910 Ralph Dunstan Maurice Durufle Lorenzo Ferrero Introito part of the Requiem per le vittime della mafia Gerald Finzi Requiem da camera John Foulds A World Requiem Julius Fucik 1915 Howard Goodall Eternal Light A Requiem Sandro Gorli Requiem William Harper 6 Hans Werner Henze Frigyes Hidas Herbert Howells 1932 Sigurd Islandsmoen 1935 Karl Jenkins 2005 Dmitry Kabalevsky 1962 Volker David Kirchner Stale Kleiberg Joonas Kokkonen Cyrillus Kreek 1927 Huub de Lange Morten Lauridsen Lux Aeterna Philip Ledger Kamillo Lendvay Gyorgy Ligeti 1965 Nils Lindberg Andrew Lloyd Webber 1984 Fernando Lopes Graca Roman Maciejewski 1959 Bruno Maderna 1946 Frank Martin Requiem 1972 Jean Christian Michel Otto Olsson 1903 Ildebrando Pizzetti 1968 Jocelyn Pook Zbigniew Preisner Requiem for My Friend Aaron Robinson An American Requiem 1997 John Rutter 1985 Joseph Ryelandt Shigeaki Saegusa Alfred Schnittke Valentin Silvestrov Requiem for Larissa 1999 Fredrik Sixten 1984 Robert Steadman Igor Stravinsky 1966 Toru Takemitsu for string orchestra 1957 John Tavener Mikis Theodorakis 1999 Virgil Thomson Erkki Sven Tuur Richard Wetz 1924 Malcolm Williamson Bernd Alois Zimmermann Requiem fur einen jungen Dichter 1969 21st century edit John Starr Alexander 2001 Kim Andre Arnesen 2013 2014 Lera Auerbach Russian Requiem Leonardo Balada No res Nothing An Agnostic Requiem Troy Banarzi Requiem for the Missing 2009 Virgin Black Requiem Trilogy Jamie Brown A Cornish Requiem Requiem Kernewek Ashley Bryan A Tender Bridge 7 Gavin Bryars Cadman Requiem Paul Carr Requiem for an Angel Bob Chilcott 8 Richard Danielpour An American Requiem 2001 David Crowder Band Give Us Rest Stephen DeCesare Missa De Profunctis Bradley Ellingboe Mohammed Fairouz Requiem Mass Dan Forrest Requiem for the Living 2013 Gabriela Lena Frank Conquest Requiem 2017 9 Eliza Gilkyson arr by Craig Hella Johnson Requiem Howard Goodall Eternal Light A Requiem 2008 Steve Gray Requiem For Choir and Big Band Roman Grygoriv and Illia Razumeiko IYOV opera requiem for prepared piano cello drums and voices 2015 Xia Guan Earth Requiem 2009 John Harbison Requiem 2002 Patrick Hawes Lazarus Requiem 10 Tyzen Hsiao Ilha Formosa Requiem for Formosa s Martyrs Anlun Huang Requiem 2004 Karl Jenkins Requiem 2004 Rami Khalife Requiem for Beirut 2013 Iver Kleive Fan Long Ko 2 28 Requiem 2008 Thierry Lancino Gyorgy Ligeti Requiem 2006 Christopher Rouse Carl Rutti Requiem 2007 Ehsan Saboohi Phonemes Requiem 2014 2015 11 Kentaro Sato Alexander Shchetynsky 2004 Mattias Skold Requiem 2007 Somtow Sucharitkul John Tavener A Celtic Requiem 1969 Requiem 2008 Antonio Pinho Vargas Marc L Vogler Requiem Covid 19 2020 Chris Williams Tsunami Requiem Mack Wilberg Requiem 2008 Requiem by language other than Latin edit English with Latin Benjamin Britten War Requiem Richard Danielpour An American Requiem Howard Goodall Eternal Light Patrick Hawes Lazarus Requiem 10 Paul Hindemith When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom d A Requiem for those we love Herbert Howells John Rutter Requiem Fredrik Sixten Sir Henry Walford Davies A Short Requiem 1915 In Sacred Memory of all those who have fallen in the war Somtow Sucharitkul Mack Wilberg Aaron Robinson A Tender Bridge An African American Requiem 2018 12 13 Cornish Jamie Brown A Cornish Requiem Requiem KernewekEstonian Cyrillus Kreek Estonian RequiemGerman Johannes Brahms Ein deutsches Requiem Michael Praetorius Max Reger Hebbel Requiem Franz Schubert Heinrich SchutzFrench Greek with Latin Thierry LancinoFrench English German with Latin Edison Denisov Jacques HiverLatin and Japanese Karl Jenkins Requiem Hina Sakamoto REQUIEM For the spirits of the victims of the Pacific WarLatin and German and others Bernd Alois Zimmermann Requiem fur einen jungen DichterLatin and Polish Krzysztof Penderecki Polish Requiem Zbigniew Preisner Requiem for my friendLatin and 7th Century Northumbrian Gavin Bryars Cadman RequiemRussian Lera Auerbach Russian Requiem on Russian Orthodox sacred text and poetry Vladimir Dashkevich Requiem Text by Anna Akhmatova Elena Firsova Requiem Op 100 Text by Anna Akhmatova Dmitri Kabalevsky War Requiem Text by Robert Rozhdestvensky Sergei Taneyev Cantata John of Damascus Op 1 Text by Alexey Tolstoy Chinese Tyzen Hsiao Ilha Formosa Requiem for Formosa s Martyrs 2001 Text by Min yung Lee 1994 Fan Long Ko 2 28 Requiem 2008 Text by Li Kuei Hsien Anlun Huang Requiem 2004 Text by Youzhi Tang Xia Guan Earth Requiem 2009 Text by Lin Liu Xiaoming Song Persian Ehsan Saboohi Phonemes Requiem For four Soloists mixed Chorus Didgeridoo prepared Tombak Electronics Computer 14 Nonlinguistic Luciano Berio s Requies in memoriam Benjamin Britten s Sinfonia da Requiem and Arthur Honegger s Symphonie Liturgique use titles from the traditional Requiem as subtitles of movements Carlo Forlivesi Requiem for 8 channel tape 15 Hans Werner Henze Requiem instrumental Wojciech Kilar Requiem Father Kolbe Lansing McLoskey Requiem v 2 001 versions for chamber sextet and orchestra John Zorn Missa Sine Voces instrumental Modern treatments editIn the 20th century the requiem evolved in several new directions One offshoot consists of compositions dedicated to the memory of people killed in wartime These often include extra liturgical poems of a pacifist or non liturgical nature for example the War Requiem of Benjamin Britten juxtaposes the Latin text with the poetry of Wilfred Owen Krzysztof Penderecki s Polish Requiem includes a traditional Polish hymn within the sequence and Robert Steadman s Mass in Black intersperses environmental poetry and prophecies of Nostradamus Holocaust Requiem may be regarded as a specific subset of this type The World Requiem of John Foulds was written in the aftermath of the First World War and initiated the Royal British Legion s annual festival of remembrance Recent requiem works by Taiwanese composers Tyzen Hsiao and Fan Long Ko follow in this tradition honouring victims of the February 28 Incident and subsequent White Terror Lastly the 20th century saw the development of the secular Requiem written for public performance without specific religious observance such as Frederick Delius s Requiem completed in 1916 and dedicated to the memory of all young Artists fallen in the war 16 and Dmitry Kabalevsky s Requiem Op 72 1962 a setting of a poem written by Robert Rozhdestvensky especially for the composition 17 Herbert Howells s unaccompanied Requiem uses Psalm 23 The Lord is my shepherd Psalm 121 I will lift up mine eyes Salvator mundi O Saviour of the world in English Requiem aeternam two different settings and I heard a voice from heaven Some composers have written purely instrumental works bearing the title of requiem as famously exemplified by Britten s Sinfonia da Requiem Hans Werner Henze s Das Floss der Medusa written in 1968 as a requiem for Che Guevara is properly speaking an oratorio Henze s Requiem is instrumental but retains the traditional Latin titles for the movements Igor Stravinsky s Requiem Canticles mixes instrumental movements with segments of the Introit Dies irae Pie Jesu and Libera me See also editChurch music Mass music Oratorio Vocal musicReferences edit Nott Charles C 1902 The Seven Great Hymns of the Mediaeval Church New York Edwin S Gorham p 45 Retrieved 6 July 2010 nott seven great hymns Mass Grove Music doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article 45872 ISBN 978 1 56159 263 0 Retrieved 2018 09 13 a b c Fabrice Fitch Requiem 2 Grove Music Online ed L Macy Accessed January 21 2007 p 8 Kinder 2000 Keith William Westport Connecticut The Wind and Wind Chorus Music of Anton Bruckner Greenwood Press John Baboukis Archived from the original on 2016 12 20 Retrieved 2016 12 16 Requiem Survey www requiemsurvey org Ashley Bryan sealharborlibrary me Maddocks Fiona March 25 2012 Bob Chilcott Requiem review via www theguardian com The Sound of History A New Requiem by Gabriela Lena Frank April 18 2017 a b HAWES Lazarus Requiem Signum SIGCD282 JQ Classical Music Reviews August 2012 MusicWeb International www musicweb international com Ehsan Saboohi Phonemes Requiem Discogs Aaron Robinson 1907 pytheasmusic org Ashley Bryan 95 always honored to have a new show pressherald com Phonemes Requiem by Ehsan Saboohi spectropolrecords ALM Records ALCD 76 Silenziosa Luna Corleonis Adrian Requiem for soprano baritone double chorus amp orchestra RT ii 8 All Music Guide Retrieved 2011 02 20 Flaxman Fred Controversial Comrade Kabalevsky Compact Discoveries with Fred Flaxman 2007 Retrieved 2011 02 20 External links editMozart s Requiem Spanish Radio and Television Symphony Orchestra and Chorus Carlos Kalmar conductor Live concert with the completion of its well known unfinished musical score of the musicologist Robert Levin Faure s Requiem Spanish Radio and Television Symphony Orchestra and Chorus Petri Sakari conductor Live concert Dvorak s Requiem Spanish Radio and Television Symphony Orchestra and Chorus Carlos Kalmar conductor Live concert Los conciertos de La 2 Concierto RTVE A 5 RTVE es http www rtve es alacarta videos los conciertos de la 2 conciertos 2 concierto rtve 5 2258548 Dvorak s Requiem Spanish Radio and Television Symphony Orchestra and Chorus Carlos Kalmar conductor Live concert Los conciertos de La 2 Concierto RTVE A 5 RTVE es Lansing McLoskey s Requiem v 2 001 Stony Brook Contemporary Chamber Players Eduardo Leandro conductor Albany Records 2013 Lansing McLoskey s Requiem v 2 001 What Is Noise ensemble Centaur Records 2018 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Music for the Requiem Mass amp oldid 1215479333, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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