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8th Bohemian Dragoons (Count Montecuccoli's)

The regiment was a cavalry unit raised in the 17th century for the Imperial Habsburg Army. Over time, this unit became the 8th Bohemian Dragoons (Count Montecuccoli's) (Böhmischen Dragoner-Regiment „Graf Montecuccoli“ Nr. 8) within the "Common Army" that formed part of the Austro-Hungarian Army. From 1888 the unit was to bear this new title "in perpetuity".[1]

Named after regimental colonel,
later 8th Regiment of Dragoons
German: Dragoner-Regiment Nr.8
The Imperial Cuirassier Regiment, the Young Savoys
(Eugene John, Prince of Savoy) (K 2)
in the War of the Polish Succession in 1734
Active1619 or 1683 to 1918
CountryHabsburg States
Typecavalry
Garrison/HQsee article
EngagementsAustrian War of Succession
Seven Years' War
Napoleonic Wars
Insignia
First designationTessin: 1683/1
Second designationBleckwenn: Kaiser Regiment K 2
Third designation1769: 4th Cavalry Regiment
Fourth designation1798: 6th Cuirassier Regiment
Final designation1888: 8th Bohemian Dragoons (Count Montecuccoli's)
Historic portrait of the founder
Raimondo Montecuccoli

In 1769 the regiment was placed in the order of precedence as the 4th Cavalry Regiment (Cavallerie-Regiment Nr. 4) and in 1798 it became the 6th Cuirassier Regiment (Cürassier-Regiment Nr. 6).

By way of classification the unit was also subsequently given the following numbers: 1683/1 (by Tessin),[2] Kürassierregiment K 2 (by Bleckwenn).[3]

Until 1798 the regiment was named after its various Inhabers or colonels of the regiment, who were not necessarily its commanders. There was no authoritative naming system (e.g. Regiment Graf Serbelloni or Regiment Serbelloni). Regiments changed their names with each change of colonel. After 1798, the number of the unit took precedence, but could in certain circumstances be combined with the name of the regimental colonel. Because of this constant renaming of units, the regimental histories of Austro-Hungarian cavalry are very difficult to trace. In addition, there was a constant, and apparently arbitrary, sometimes repeated, redesignation of units (e.g. the 14th Regiment of Bohemian Dragoons (Prince of Windisch-Grätz, Böhmisches Dragoner-Regiment „Fürst zu Windisch-Graetz“ Nr. 14).

History edit

The 8th Bohemian Dragoons is the oldest, regular regiment of horse in the Imperial-Royal, later Imperial and Royal (k. k. and k.u.k.), Cavalry. According to the traditional decree (Traditionserlass) of the 19th century, it existed for a total of 299 years. Other historic records consider the regiment's history to begin with its reformation in 1683 because the unit had been first disbanded in 1679.

In 1619, the Lower Austrian Protestant estates tried to obtain concessions from Emperor Ferdinand II at Hofburg Palace through the so-called storm petition (Sturmpetition). On that occasion, three squadrons (Fähnlein) of Dampierre's Regiment of Arquebusiers stationed in Krems and a squadron of "Dampierre's Regiment of Cuirassiers" under the commander of the arsenal, Colonel Gilbert of St. Hilaire, deployed to Vienna. Embarked on boats (so-called Tschaiken) on the River Danube, they arrived on 5 June 1619 at Vienna, entered the Residenz through the Fishermen's Gate (Fischertor) and intimidated the Protestants into abandoning their undertaking.

For this action, Emperor Ferdinand II bestowed on the regiment the following privileges, which were confirmed by Emperor Francis I during the secular celebrations of 1810:

The regiment may march when on duty to the sound of trumpets and with standards flying through the Imperial and Royal Hofburg Palace and the Imperial capital and Residenz city of Vienna, and may also set up on the imperial palace forecourt (the Franzensplatze) and recruit there for three days. The guard is then to be drawn from the regiment in front of the apartment granted pro forma to the regimental commander in the Hofburg Palace, to where the regimental standards are to be brought, and the respective regimental commander is permitted on such an occasion to appear, unannounced, in full dress before His Majesty the Emperor.

The regiment also has the assurance that it will never be disbanded or reduced, as long as it continues to maintain its current glory, and finally the distinction that no man of the regiment, for a crime punishable by death, shall be executed for the same, but in such cases, the culprit will be transferred to another regiment where such penalty may be carried out at any time.

In 1619, under the Imperial Commission of 16 March, 500 men were recruited by Grand Duke Cosmos II of Medici at his own expense (300 men as arquebusiers in the Netherlands and 200 men as cuirassiers in the imperial dominions). In 1621, this regiment was in imperial service under the name of the "Florentine Horse" (Florentinische Reiter). Generalfeldwachtmeister Henri de Dampierre, who had already been the proprietary colonel (Inhaber) and commander of a musketeer regiment since 1616, was appointed colonel of this new regiment.

  • In 1683, five companies of Mercy's Regiment (Regiments Mercy) were handed over to form the cadre for training a new regiment for Colonel (Obrist) Dupigny. The unit was expanded to 10 companies through recruitment and continued the tradition of Bournenville's Regiment (Regiments Bournenville) and the old Dampierre's Cavalry
  • In 1721, the Regiment took over a company of the disbanded Battée's Dragoons (Dragoner-Regiments Battée)
  • In 1731, elements of the Auction companies, formed in 1727, were transferred to Pignatelli's and Kokorowa's Regiments (Regimenter Pignatelli und Kokorowa) (both disbanded in 1734)
  • In 1768, the carabinier company was transferred to the recently formed 1st Regiment of Carabiniers (later 3rd Dragoons) and a squadron of the disbanded Modena's Cuirassiers (Kürassier-Regiment Modena) joined the Regiment
  • In 1769 the Regiment was ranked as the 4th Cavalry in the order of precedence.
  • In 1775 the Colonel's Division, then the Lieutenant Colonel's 1st Squadron of the disbanded Jacquemin Cuirassiers was added
  • In 1780 Graf Friedrich Anton zu Hohenzollern-Hechingen became the Proprietor (Inhaber) (Kürassier-Regiment Hohenzollern-Hechingen)
  • In 1798 the name was changed to the 8th Regiment of Cuirassiers
  • In 1802, it took over the Lieutenant Colonel's Division of the disbanded Czartoryski's 4th Regiment (Kürassier-Regiment Czartoryski)
  • In 1867, it was given the new name of 8th Dragoons
 
Cavalry barracks in Jaroslau

Main and supplementary recruiting districts edit

  • From 1781: Bohemia
  • 1853 from the supplementary districts of 35th Regiment of Infantry (Plzeň)
  • 1857–1860 from the districts of 14th, 28th and 42nd Regiments of Infantry (Neuhaus, Prague, Theresienstadt)
  • 1860–1868 from the districts of 11th, 28th and 35th Regiments of Infantry (Písek, Prague, Plzeň)
  • 1868–1877 from the districts of 28th and 75th Regiments of Infantry (Prague, Neuhaus)
  • 1877–1883 from the districts of 28th and 42nd Regiments of Infantry (Prague, Theresienstadt)
  • 1883–1889 from the districts of 42nd, 92nd and 94th Regiments of Infantry [Theresienstadt, Komotau, Turnau).
  • 1889 it was allocated to the Military Territorial District of IX Corps (Josephstadt).
  • 1914: supplementary district of Leitmeritz

Peacetime garrisons edit

I. II. III.

Colonels of the Regiment edit

  • 1619 Colonel (Obrist) Heinrich Duval, Count Dampiere, Colonel General (Obristwachtmeister) over all mounted soldiers (Dampierre's Arquebusier Regiment)
  • 1620 Jacob, Count of Dampierre, Lord of Mondroville
 
As Grand Duke Maximilian's Regiment of Cuirassiers, 1761–1780
  • 1683 Colonel Bernhard Freiherr von Coneberg et Dupigny (Coneburg's Cuirassiers[4])
  • 1683 Colonel Johann Franz, Lord of Chauviray (Chauviray's Cuirassiers)
  • 1685 Feldmarschallleutnant Adam Bernhard Freiherr von Saint-Croix (Saint Croix's Cuirassiers)
  • 1698 Colonel Joseph Innocence, Duke of Lorraine and Bar (Lorraine and Bar's Cuirassiers)
  • 1705 Colonel Ferdinand, Count Breuner (Count Breuner's Cuirassiers)
  • 1710 Colonel Thomas Emanuel, Prince of Savoy (Savoy's Cuirassiers )
  • 1730 Colonel Eugene John, Prince of Savoy (Young Savoy's)
  • 1735 Feldmarschalleutnant Franz Rudolf, Count of Hohenems (Hohenembs) (Count Hohenems' Cuirassiers)
  • 1756 Colonel Archduke Ferdinand (Archduke Ferdinand's Cuirassiers)
  • 1761 Colonel Archduke Maxmilian (Archduke Maximilian's Cuirassiers )
  • 1780 Generalmajor Friedrich Anton Fürst Hohenzollern-Hechingen (Hohenzollern-Hechingen's Cuirassiers)
  • 1798 Name changed to 8th Cuirassiers
  • 1813 Constantine Pavlovich, Grand Duke of Russia
  • 1831 Feldmarschalleutnant Ignaz Count Hardegg
  • 1848 Feldmarschalleutnant Carl Count Auersperg
  • 1848 Carl, Prince of Prussia
  • 1883–1899 General of Cavalry Leopold, Count Sternberg
 
Battle of White Mountain, 1620

Regimental commanders edit

  • 1903 Colonel Ottokar Pizzighelli
  • 1906 Colonel Ludwig Vetter
  • 1908 Colonel Ludwig Vetter
  • 1910 Colonel Viktor Bauer von Bauernthal
  • 1914 Lieutenant Colonel Eugen Adler

Operations edit

Uskok War

  • 1616 Fought against Venice - Battles of Luciuse, Gradisca and Rubis

Thirty Years' War

  • 1618 Fought in Bohemia
  • 1619 The two companies raised in the imperial dominions were stationed in June in Lower Austria. One took part in the campaign under Colonel Gilbert von St. Hilaire (Captain of the Arsenal) when 500 of Dampierre's horse went free the Emperor in Vienna. The companies that joined the Regiment later (the companies raised in the Netherlands had been assigned meanwhile to Dampierre‘s Corps) fought in the Battle of Wisternitz and at the capture of Ludenburg
  • 1620 In Moravia and Lower Austria. In the November the unit fought in the Battle of White Mountain at Prague
  • 1621 Scharmützel near Neuhäusel in Hungary
  • 1622 Garrison in Lower Austria - campaign in Moravia
  • 1624 Skirmishes in the Reich
  • 1625 Fought in the Netherlands. Siege of Breda
  • 1626 Fought at the Dessau Bridge, Later moved to Moravia
  • 1627 Campaign under Waldstein to Holstein and Jutland
  • 1628 In Mecklenburg
  • 1629–1630 Patrol duties in the Duchy of Jülich Saw no action
  • 1631 Siege of Magdeburg, Battle of Breitenfeld
  • 1632 In Bohemia at the Siege of Eger, then in front of Nuremberg, Later under Gallas in Saxony, Battle of Lützen
  • 1633 Battle of Steinau in Silesia, Later assigned to main army and went to Bavaria
  • 1634 Capture of Regensburg, Battle of Nördlingen
  • 1635 Under Gallas at the Rhine, in the Electorate of Mainz and in the Duchy of Lorraine
  • 1636 Under Gallas again at the Rhine
  • 1637 Battle of Pege (Pegau) in Saxony
  • 1638 With the main army in Pomerania, withdrawal to Saxony
  • 1639 Fought at Freiberg and Chemnitz
  • 1640 In Silesia, then assigned to the main army for the battles of Perleberg and Ziegenhain
  • 1641 Siege of Zwickau, Battle of Wolfenbüttel
  • 1642 Battle of Schweidnitz, Battle of Breitenfeld and subsequent rearguard actions together with the regiments of Nicola (Mottard), Lüttich and Ramsdorf. Cornet Hensgen with a detachment composed of troopers from the Regiment and Pallavicini's Regiment (200 men) successfully attacked 3 Swedish regiments at Moravian Trübau
  • 1643 With the main army in Silesia, Battle of Teschen
  • 1644 In Moravia, battles against the rebellious Walachs. Later the Regiment went to Hungary, where it fought inter alia in the battles of Freistadtl, Eperies, Palkonya, and at the Sajó.
  • 1645 Deployed to cover Vienna
  • 1646 Campaign against Sweden and the campaign to drive it out of Lower Austria
  • 1647 Battles in Bohemia at Falkenau. Siege of Jihlava
  • 1648 With the imperial main army. Battle of Zusmarshausen, Battle of Allern, etc. A company under cavalry captain (Rittmeister) de La Borde was assigned to the defence of Prague

After the wars:

  • 1655–1659 Patrol duties on the Silesian border with Poland. Periodically sent to Hungary and Moravia

Austro-Turkish War (1663–64)

  • 1663 Patrol duties in Hungary, saw no action
  • 1664 Assigned to Souchez's Corps. Fought at Heiligenkreuz and Levencz
 
Siege of Philippsburg Fortress

Franco-Dutch War

  • 1673 Transferred to the Army of the Rhine. Participated in the capture of Bonn
  • 1674 At the December Battle of Mühlhausen
  • 1675 Battle of Colmar and Battle of Altenheim (Goldscheuer)
  • 1676 At the Siege of Philippsburg Fortress
  • 1677 Sent to Bohemia for a short time. Then returned to the main army. Saw no action

Great Turkish War

  • 1683 With the main army, Battle of Petronell. Defence of the city of Vienna
  • 1684 With the main army, Siege of Ofen, then returned with Schultz's Corps to Upper Hungary
  • 1685 Sent from Upper Hungary to Siebenbürgen
  • 1686 Fought with Scherffenberg's Corps at Szent Benedek and Hermannstadt. Sent to Hungary, and took part in the 2nd Siege of Ofen. Later at the Battle of Szegedin
  • 1687 Fought with the main army in the Battle of Mohács (at Berge Harsány). Four squadrons withdrew to Slavonia under Dünewald
  • 1688 Siege and capture of Belgrade
  • 1689 Campaign against Zwornik in Bosnia, Battles of Batocina and Nissa
  • 1690 The Regiment saw service with the troops posted with the Corps in Siebenbürgen at Karansebes
  • 1691 Battle of Szlankamen
  • 1692 Scharmützel Gyula and Siege of Grosswardein
  • 1693-96 In Lower Hungary mostly with the main army
  • 1697 Deployed for a short time on the Rhine. Battle of Ebernbach, thereafter returned to Hungary
  • 1698 With the main army, campaign against Temesvár

Spanish War of Succession

  • 1701 The Regiment was ordered to Italy. Capture of Carpi and Battle of Chiari. Detachments under Obristlieutenant Count Mercy took part in the battles of Rontoglio, Cassano d’Adda, Pizzighettone and on the Fossa Mantovana.
  • 1702 A detachment took part in the attack on Cremona. The Regiment fought in the Battle of Luzzara
  • 1703 With the main army on the Po in patrol duties
  • 1704 Three squadrons sent with Starhemberg's Corps to Piemont and took part in the battle at Prarolo. The squadrons left in Lombardy took part in the withdrawal to the Tyrol
  • 1705 The latter squadrons then fought at Cassano, those elements of the Regiment remaining in the Piemont were stationed in the camp at Chivasso-Crescentino and took part in the Battle of Brandizzo
  • 1706 The Regiment fought in the Battle of Turin and took part in the capture of Pavia
  • 1707 Campaign in the Provence, Siege of Toulon
  • 1708 Stationed in Upper Italy; a detachment took part in the Expedition against Fenestrelles
  • 1709 Transferred to Germany. Heavy losses in the Battle of Rumersheim
  • 1710–1711 In the Reichsarmee, saw no action
  • 1712 In the Spanish Netherlands. Sent to the Siege of Le Quesnoy
  • 1713 Ordered to join the Reichsarmee. Saw no action

Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718

War of the Polish Succession

  • 1734–1735 In the Reichsarmee

Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–39)

  • 1737 Fought at Timok and Radujewac
  • 1738 Battle of Kornia
  • 1739 The Regiment suffered great losses at the Battle of Grocka

Austrian War of Succession

Seven Years' War

Bavarian War of Succession

  • 1778–1779 Patrol duties with the main army in Bohemia. Saw no action

Napoleonic Wars

  • 1792 Patrolling and security duties in the Breisgau. Saw no action
  • 1793 Assigned to the Army of the Rhine. Detachments participated in battles of Reichshofen, Dauendorf, Neuburg, Gamshaimb and Pfaffenhofen
  • 1794 Battle of Mannheim
  • 1795 In front of Mannheim. An element took part in the Battle of Schriesheim; the Regiment fought with distinction at Handschuhsheim
  • 1796 Individual elements fought at Ettlingen and Cannstatt; later at Geisenfeld, Emmendingen and Schliengen.
  • 1797 Battles of Diersheim-Honau and on the Rench
  • 1799 Fought at Ostrach and Stockach, remained then with the troops on the Rhine before Mannheim
  • 1800 The Regiment took part in the Battle of Möskirch, the battles of Dillingen an der Donau, Ingolstadt and Neuburg
  • 1805 In Wereck's Corps; took part in the Battle of Elchingen. After the surrender of Trochtellingen and Ulm (Battle of Ulm) the majority of the Regiments was taken prisoner. Several elements that escaped ended up in Archduke Ferdinand's Corps and went to Austria
  • 1809 In the I Reserve Corps of the Army. Fought at Eggmühl (Egloffsheim) and Regensburg. Participated in the Battle of Aspern and the Battle of Wagram. Battle of Tesswitz (Znaim)
 
Battle of Dresden 1813

German campaign of 1813

Hundred Days

  • 1815 patrolling and security duties in France

Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire

  • 1848 Two divisions were initially assigned to put down the rebellion in Prague. Thereafter the entire Regiment advanced to Vienna under the command of Field Marshal Prince Windisch-Graetz, where it took part in the Battle of Schwechat. Thereafter the unit marched to Hungary and fought in the Battle of Parndorf
  • 1849 Assigned to Schlick's Corps, elements of the Regiment took part in the battles of Eperies, Füge, the attack on Pétervásár, and the Battle of Sirok. Furthermore the Regiment fought with distinction at Verpeléth-Kápolna, at Mezö-Kövesd, Hatvan and Isaszeg. Thereafter it was assigned to the siege force around Komorn. There it remained until the end of the battle without seeing action.

Austro-Prussian War

  • 1866 Allocated with 5 squadrons to the 3rd Reserve Cavalry Division. The Regiment fought at Königinhof and in the Battle of Königgrätz, where it suffered the heaviest losses of all the cavalry regiments

Parent formation and status in July 1914 edit

X Corps – 6th Cavalry Division
5th Cavalry Brigade
Nationalities: 58 % Czechs - 42 % various
Garrison: Staff:, I Div: Jaroslau - II Div: Radymno
Commandant: Colonel Viktor Bauer von Bauernthal
Regimental language: Czech

First World War

  • During the First World War the 8th Dragoons saw the most varied service. They fought initially in cavalry regiment formations, but were then used in all theatres of war in an infantry role.

Fate edit

After the so-called successors states to the imperial and royal monarchy had declared their independence in October 1918, soldiers of the new nationalities were called upon by their interim governments to cease fighting and return home. As a rule, this request was obeyed by the Czech and certain non-German members of the Regiment. Constitutionally it also applied to German-Bohemian soldiers, who suddenly found themselves as Czech citizens. How far they complied with this request is no longer clear, but those that did may have been the exception. The core of the Regiment was maintained to the end of the war by the returning German Austrian dragoons. It was now called the 2nd Regiment of Dragoons (Field Marshal Montecuccoli's). The regimental staff were based in Enns.

After the Austria's Anschluß to the German Reich, the Regiment was disbanded in 1938 and its members formed part of the 11th Cavalry (Kavallerie-Regiments 11) within the German Wehrmacht.

Uniforms of the Regiment edit

Cuirassier Regiment K 2

1738: white coats, red facings
1765 (1767): white coats and trousers, poppy red facings, white buttons

6th Cuirassier Regiment

1798: white coats, scarlet facings, white trousers, yellow buttons
1850: white jackets, scarlet facings, light blue pantaloons, yellow buttons

8th Regiment of Dragoons

From 1868: light blue coats, scarlet facings, madder red breeches, yellow buttons

Structure edit

Originally a regiment in the Austro-Hungarian cavalry usually consisted of three to four (exceptionally more) divisions. By division was is meant a unit of battalion strength. A proper division was called an infantry or cavalry division. Each division had three squadrons (Eskadronen) each of which comprised two companies (Kompanien). The number of horsemen in the individual subunits varied, but was normally around 80 riders per company.

The individual divisions were named after their official commanders:

  • The 1st Division was the Colonel's Division (Oberst-Division).
  • The 2nd Division was the Lieutenant Colonel's Division (Oberstleutnant-Division)
  • the 3rd Division was the Major's Division (Major-Division)
  • the 4th Division was the 2nd Major's Division
  • the 5th Division (if available) was the 3rd Major's Division

Under the Army reform begun by Emperor Joseph II, the cavalry abandoned the company subunit with its structure.

In the wake of the Army reform of 1860, the cavalry regiments that to that point consisted of three divisions were reduced in size to two divisions.

All regimental honorary titles were cancelled in 1915.

Literature edit

  • Johann Christoph Allmayer-Beck & Erich Lessing: Die K.u.K. Armee 1848–1914. Bertelsmann, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-570-07287-8.
  • Hans Bleckwenn: Die Regimenter der Kaiserin: Gedanken zur Albertina-Handschrift 1762 des Heeresgeschichtlichen Museums Wien; in: Schriften des Heeresgeschichtlichen Museums in Wien, Band 3: Maria Theresia - Beiträge zur Geschichte des Heerwesens ihrer Zeit; Graz, Vienna, Cologne, 1967. pp. 25–53.
  • Hans Bleckwenn: Reiter, Husaren und Grenadiere. d. Uniformen d. kaiserl. Armee am Rhein 1734. Harenberg, Dortmund 1979. ISBN 3-88379-125-3; pp. 17ff.
  • Hermann Meynert: Geschichte der K. K. Österreichischen Armee, ihrer Heranbildung und Organisation, so wie ihrer Schicksale, thaten und Feldzüge, von der frühesten bis auf die jetzige Zeit. C. Gerold und Sohn, Vienna, 1854. online bei google books
  • Osprey Military, Issue No. 271, Reprint 1999.
  • Österreichische Militärgeschichte, Sonderband 1997, Verlag Stöhr, Vienna.
  • Georg Tessin: Die Regimenter der europäischen Staaten im Ancien Régime des XVI. bis XVIII. Jahrhunderts; 3 vols; Biblio Verlag: Osnabrück 1986-1995. ISBN 3-7648-1763-1. pp. 152ff.
  • Alphons von Wrede: Die Geschichte der k. u. k. Wehrmacht. Die Regimenter, Corps, Branchen und Anstalten von 1618 bis Ende des XIX. Jahrhunderts. Vienna 1898-1905. Part III, 1st Part Cavallerie, 2nd Part Aufgelöste Truppenkörper zu Pferde. Personenverzeichnis Regimentschefs im Werk von Wrede (pdf; 325 kB)

References edit

  1. ^ From 1798 to 1801, what later became the 11th Regiment of Dragoons and, to 1860, the subsequently disbanded Hereditary Grand Duke of Toscana's Dragoons bore the designation 8th Regiment of Dragoons (Dragoner-Regiment Nr. 8).
  2. ^ Tessin 1986 Bd.1: 40
  3. ^ Bleckwenn
  4. ^ Following English practice, the unit titles are shortened e.g. in this instance to "Coneberg's Cuirassiers". The full translated title would be of the form "Coneberg's Regiment of Cuirassiers".

bohemian, dragoons, count, montecuccoli, regiment, cavalry, unit, raised, 17th, century, imperial, habsburg, army, over, time, this, unit, became, böhmischen, dragoner, regiment, graf, montecuccoli, within, common, army, that, formed, part, austro, hungarian, . The regiment was a cavalry unit raised in the 17th century for the Imperial Habsburg Army Over time this unit became the 8th Bohemian Dragoons Count Montecuccoli s Bohmischen Dragoner Regiment Graf Montecuccoli Nr 8 within the Common Army that formed part of the Austro Hungarian Army From 1888 the unit was to bear this new title in perpetuity 1 Named after regimental colonel later 8th Regiment of DragoonsGerman Dragoner Regiment Nr 8The Imperial Cuirassier Regiment the Young Savoys Eugene John Prince of Savoy K 2 in the War of the Polish Succession in 1734Active1619 or 1683 to 1918CountryHabsburg StatesTypecavalryGarrison HQsee articleEngagementsAustrian War of SuccessionSeven Years WarNapoleonic WarsInsigniaFirst designationTessin 1683 1Second designationBleckwenn Kaiser Regiment K 2Third designation1769 4th Cavalry RegimentFourth designation1798 6th Cuirassier RegimentFinal designation1888 8th Bohemian Dragoons Count Montecuccoli s Historic portrait of the founderRaimondo Montecuccoli In 1769 the regiment was placed in the order of precedence as the 4th Cavalry Regiment Cavallerie Regiment Nr 4 and in 1798 it became the 6th Cuirassier Regiment Curassier Regiment Nr 6 By way of classification the unit was also subsequently given the following numbers 1683 1 by Tessin 2 Kurassierregiment K 2 by Bleckwenn 3 Until 1798 the regiment was named after its various Inhabers or colonels of the regiment who were not necessarily its commanders There was no authoritative naming system e g Regiment Graf Serbelloni or Regiment Serbelloni Regiments changed their names with each change of colonel After 1798 the number of the unit took precedence but could in certain circumstances be combined with the name of the regimental colonel Because of this constant renaming of units the regimental histories of Austro Hungarian cavalry are very difficult to trace In addition there was a constant and apparently arbitrary sometimes repeated redesignation of units e g the 14th Regiment of Bohemian Dragoons Prince of Windisch Gratz Bohmisches Dragoner Regiment Furst zu Windisch Graetz Nr 14 Contents 1 History 2 Main and supplementary recruiting districts 3 Peacetime garrisons 4 Colonels of the Regiment 4 1 Regimental commanders 5 Operations 5 1 Parent formation and status in July 1914 5 2 Fate 6 Uniforms of the Regiment 7 Structure 8 Literature 9 ReferencesHistory editThe 8th Bohemian Dragoons is the oldest regular regiment of horse in the Imperial Royal later Imperial and Royal k k and k u k Cavalry According to the traditional decree Traditionserlass of the 19th century it existed for a total of 299 years Other historic records consider the regiment s history to begin with its reformation in 1683 because the unit had been first disbanded in 1679 In 1619 the Lower Austrian Protestant estates tried to obtain concessions from Emperor Ferdinand II at Hofburg Palace through the so called storm petition Sturmpetition On that occasion three squadrons Fahnlein of Dampierre s Regiment of Arquebusiers stationed in Krems and a squadron of Dampierre s Regiment of Cuirassiers under the commander of the arsenal Colonel Gilbert of St Hilaire deployed to Vienna Embarked on boats so called Tschaiken on the River Danube they arrived on 5 June 1619 at Vienna entered the Residenz through the Fishermen s Gate Fischertor and intimidated the Protestants into abandoning their undertaking For this action Emperor Ferdinand II bestowed on the regiment the following privileges which were confirmed by Emperor Francis I during the secular celebrations of 1810 The regiment may march when on duty to the sound of trumpets and with standards flying through the Imperial and Royal Hofburg Palace and the Imperial capital andResidenzcity of Vienna and may also set up on the imperial palace forecourt theFranzensplatze and recruit there for three days The guard is then to be drawn from the regiment in front of the apartment grantedpro formato the regimental commander in the Hofburg Palace to where the regimental standards are to be brought and the respective regimental commander is permitted on such an occasion to appear unannounced in full dress before His Majesty the Emperor The regiment also has the assurance that it willnever be disbanded or reduced as long as it continues to maintain its current glory and finally the distinction that no man of the regiment for a crime punishable by death shall be executed for the same but in such cases the culprit will be transferred to another regiment where such penalty may be carried out at any time In 1619 under the Imperial Commission of 16 March 500 men were recruited by Grand Duke Cosmos II of Medici at his own expense 300 men as arquebusiers in the Netherlands and 200 men as cuirassiers in the imperial dominions In 1621 this regiment was in imperial service under the name of the Florentine Horse Florentinische Reiter Generalfeldwachtmeister Henri de Dampierre who had already been the proprietary colonel Inhaber and commander of a musketeer regiment since 1616 was appointed colonel of this new regiment In 1683 five companies of Mercy s Regiment Regiments Mercy were handed over to form the cadre for training a new regiment for Colonel Obrist Dupigny The unit was expanded to 10 companies through recruitment and continued the tradition of Bournenville s Regiment Regiments Bournenville and the old Dampierre s Cavalry In 1721 the Regiment took over a company of the disbanded Battee s Dragoons Dragoner Regiments Battee In 1731 elements of the Auction companies formed in 1727 were transferred to Pignatelli s and Kokorowa s Regiments Regimenter Pignatelli und Kokorowa both disbanded in 1734 In 1768 the carabinier company was transferred to the recently formed 1st Regiment of Carabiniers later 3rd Dragoons and a squadron of the disbanded Modena s Cuirassiers Kurassier Regiment Modena joined the Regiment In 1769 the Regiment was ranked as the 4th Cavalry in the order of precedence In 1775 the Colonel s Division then the Lieutenant Colonel s 1st Squadron of the disbanded Jacquemin Cuirassiers was added In 1780 Graf Friedrich Anton zu Hohenzollern Hechingen became the Proprietor Inhaber Kurassier Regiment Hohenzollern Hechingen In 1798 the name was changed to the 8th Regiment of Cuirassiers In 1802 it took over the Lieutenant Colonel s Division of the disbanded Czartoryski s 4th Regiment Kurassier Regiment Czartoryski In 1867 it was given the new name of 8th Dragoons nbsp Cavalry barracks in JaroslauMain and supplementary recruiting districts editFrom 1781 Bohemia 1853 from the supplementary districts of 35th Regiment of Infantry Plzen 1857 1860 from the districts of 14th 28th and 42nd Regiments of Infantry Neuhaus Prague Theresienstadt 1860 1868 from the districts of 11th 28th and 35th Regiments of Infantry Pisek Prague Plzen 1868 1877 from the districts of 28th and 75th Regiments of Infantry Prague Neuhaus 1877 1883 from the districts of 28th and 42nd Regiments of Infantry Prague Theresienstadt 1883 1889 from the districts of 42nd 92nd and 94th Regiments of Infantry Theresienstadt Komotau Turnau 1889 it was allocated to the Military Territorial District of IX Corps Josephstadt 1914 supplementary district of LeitmeritzPeacetime garrisons editI II III 1649 Linz 1650 Inner Austria 1651 1657 Styria 1660 Lower Austria 1661 Upper Hungary 1663 1664 Hungary then Silesia 1665 Inner Austria 1670 Csakathurn 1671 1672 Upper Hungary 1679 Worms 1698 1701 Upper and Lower Austria staff at Enns 1714 Moravia and Silesia 1715 1716 Bohemia 1720 Nyitra County 1731 Upper Hungary 5 companies detached in the Milan area 1733 1734 Bohemia Pilsen Camp 1736 1737 Banat 1739 Kaschau 1740 1741 Moravia 1746 1747 Nyitra County 1748 Szered 1752 1756 Chrudim 1763 Hungarian Skalitz 1766 Szered 1767 Brezowa 1768 Szered 1770 Komitat Sohl and Komitat Trentschin 1775 1778 Hungarian Skalitz 1779 Guns 1787 Steinamanger then Vienna 1788 1792 Saaz 1798 1799 Wittingau 1801 Grosswardein 1802 1805 alternating between Nagy Karoly and Szatmar 1806 Nagy Karoly 1807 Szikszo 1808 1809 Kittsee 1810 Bath Frauenmarkt 1811 Vienna 1812 1813 Kyjov 1814 1815 Vienna 1815 Brandeis 1819 Vienna 1820 Klattau 1836 1848 Podebrady 1849 Vienna 1851 Nagy Tapolcsan then Neuhausel 1852 Guns 1854 Mikulince then Przeworsk 1855 1859 Prostejov 1859 1866 Czegled 1866 Raab 1870 St Georgen Pressburg 1879 Stockerau 1880 Vienna 1885 Pardubice 1903 Przemysl 1911 1914 Staff 1st Division 6 Sqn Jaroslau HQ 2nd Div 4 Sqn 5 Sqn RadymnoColonels of the Regiment edit1619 Colonel Obrist Heinrich Duval Count Dampiere Colonel General Obristwachtmeister over all mounted soldiers Dampierre s Arquebusier Regiment 1620 Jacob Count of Dampierre Lord of Mondroville nbsp As Grand Duke Maximilian s Regiment of Cuirassiers 1761 1780 1683 Colonel Bernhard Freiherr von Coneberg et Dupigny Coneburg s Cuirassiers 4 1683 Colonel Johann Franz Lord of Chauviray Chauviray s Cuirassiers 1685 Feldmarschallleutnant Adam Bernhard Freiherr von Saint Croix Saint Croix s Cuirassiers 1698 Colonel Joseph Innocence Duke of Lorraine and Bar Lorraine and Bar s Cuirassiers 1705 Colonel Ferdinand Count Breuner Count Breuner s Cuirassiers 1710 Colonel Thomas Emanuel Prince of Savoy Savoy s Cuirassiers 1730 Colonel Eugene John Prince of Savoy Young Savoy s 1735 Feldmarschalleutnant Franz Rudolf Count of Hohenems Hohenembs Count Hohenems Cuirassiers 1756 Colonel Archduke Ferdinand Archduke Ferdinand s Cuirassiers 1761 Colonel Archduke Maxmilian Archduke Maximilian s Cuirassiers 1780 Generalmajor Friedrich Anton Furst Hohenzollern Hechingen Hohenzollern Hechingen s Cuirassiers 1798 Name changed to 8th Cuirassiers 1813 Constantine Pavlovich Grand Duke of Russia 1831 Feldmarschalleutnant Ignaz Count Hardegg 1848 Feldmarschalleutnant Carl Count Auersperg 1848 Carl Prince of Prussia 1883 1899 General of Cavalry Leopold Count Sternberg nbsp Battle of White Mountain 1620 Regimental commanders edit 1903 Colonel Ottokar Pizzighelli 1906 Colonel Ludwig Vetter 1908 Colonel Ludwig Vetter 1910 Colonel Viktor Bauer von Bauernthal 1914 Lieutenant Colonel Eugen AdlerOperations editUskok War 1616 Fought against Venice Battles of Luciuse Gradisca and Rubis Thirty Years War 1618 Fought in Bohemia 1619 The two companies raised in the imperial dominions were stationed in June in Lower Austria One took part in the campaign under Colonel Gilbert von St Hilaire Captain of the Arsenal when 500 of Dampierre s horse went free the Emperor in Vienna The companies that joined the Regiment later the companies raised in the Netherlands had been assigned meanwhile to Dampierre s Corps fought in the Battle of Wisternitz and at the capture of Ludenburg 1620 In Moravia and Lower Austria In the November the unit fought in the Battle of White Mountain at Prague 1621 Scharmutzel near Neuhausel in Hungary 1622 Garrison in Lower Austria campaign in Moravia 1624 Skirmishes in the Reich 1625 Fought in the Netherlands Siege of Breda 1626 Fought at the Dessau Bridge Later moved to Moravia 1627 Campaign under Waldstein to Holstein and Jutland 1628 In Mecklenburg 1629 1630 Patrol duties in the Duchy of Julich Saw no action 1631 Siege of Magdeburg Battle of Breitenfeld 1632 In Bohemia at the Siege of Eger then in front of Nuremberg Later under Gallas in Saxony Battle of Lutzen 1633 Battle of Steinau in Silesia Later assigned to main army and went to Bavaria 1634 Capture of Regensburg Battle of Nordlingen 1635 Under Gallas at the Rhine in the Electorate of Mainz and in the Duchy of Lorraine 1636 Under Gallas again at the Rhine 1637 Battle of Pege Pegau in Saxony 1638 With the main army in Pomerania withdrawal to Saxony 1639 Fought at Freiberg and Chemnitz 1640 In Silesia then assigned to the main army for the battles of Perleberg and Ziegenhain 1641 Siege of Zwickau Battle of Wolfenbuttel 1642 Battle of Schweidnitz Battle of Breitenfeld and subsequent rearguard actions together with the regiments of Nicola Mottard Luttich and Ramsdorf Cornet Hensgen with a detachment composed of troopers from the Regiment and Pallavicini s Regiment 200 men successfully attacked 3 Swedish regiments at Moravian Trubau 1643 With the main army in Silesia Battle of Teschen 1644 In Moravia battles against the rebellious Walachs Later the Regiment went to Hungary where it fought inter alia in the battles of Freistadtl Eperies Palkonya and at the Sajo 1645 Deployed to cover Vienna 1646 Campaign against Sweden and the campaign to drive it out of Lower Austria 1647 Battles in Bohemia at Falkenau Siege of Jihlava 1648 With the imperial main army Battle of Zusmarshausen Battle of Allern etc A company under cavalry captain Rittmeister de La Borde was assigned to the defence of Prague After the wars 1655 1659 Patrol duties on the Silesian border with Poland Periodically sent to Hungary and Moravia Austro Turkish War 1663 64 1663 Patrol duties in Hungary saw no action 1664 Assigned to Souchez s Corps Fought at Heiligenkreuz and Levencz nbsp Siege of Philippsburg Fortress Franco Dutch War 1673 Transferred to the Army of the Rhine Participated in the capture of Bonn 1674 At the December Battle of Muhlhausen 1675 Battle of Colmar and Battle of Altenheim Goldscheuer 1676 At the Siege of Philippsburg Fortress 1677 Sent to Bohemia for a short time Then returned to the main army Saw no action Great Turkish War 1683 With the main army Battle of Petronell Defence of the city of Vienna 1684 With the main army Siege of Ofen then returned with Schultz s Corps to Upper Hungary 1685 Sent from Upper Hungary to Siebenburgen 1686 Fought with Scherffenberg s Corps at Szent Benedek and Hermannstadt Sent to Hungary and took part in the 2nd Siege of Ofen Later at the Battle of Szegedin 1687 Fought with the main army in the Battle of Mohacs at Berge Harsany Four squadrons withdrew to Slavonia under Dunewald 1688 Siege and capture of Belgrade 1689 Campaign against Zwornik in Bosnia Battles of Batocina and Nissa 1690 The Regiment saw service with the troops posted with the Corps in Siebenburgen at Karansebes 1691 Battle of Szlankamen 1692 Scharmutzel Gyula and Siege of Grosswardein 1693 96 In Lower Hungary mostly with the main army 1697 Deployed for a short time on the Rhine Battle of Ebernbach thereafter returned to Hungary 1698 With the main army campaign against Temesvar Spanish War of Succession 1701 The Regiment was ordered to Italy Capture of Carpi and Battle of Chiari Detachments under Obristlieutenant Count Mercy took part in the battles of Rontoglio Cassano d Adda Pizzighettone and on the Fossa Mantovana 1702 A detachment took part in the attack on Cremona The Regiment fought in the Battle of Luzzara 1703 With the main army on the Po in patrol duties 1704 Three squadrons sent with Starhemberg s Corps to Piemont and took part in the battle at Prarolo The squadrons left in Lombardy took part in the withdrawal to the Tyrol 1705 The latter squadrons then fought at Cassano those elements of the Regiment remaining in the Piemont were stationed in the camp at Chivasso Crescentino and took part in the Battle of Brandizzo 1706 The Regiment fought in the Battle of Turin and took part in the capture of Pavia 1707 Campaign in the Provence Siege of Toulon 1708 Stationed in Upper Italy a detachment took part in the Expedition against Fenestrelles 1709 Transferred to Germany Heavy losses in the Battle of Rumersheim 1710 1711 In the Reichsarmee saw no action 1712 In the Spanish Netherlands Sent to the Siege of Le Quesnoy 1713 Ordered to join the Reichsarmee Saw no action Austro Turkish War of 1716 1718 1716 Moved to the theatre of war in Hungary Battle of Peterwardein and the Siege of Temesvar 1717 At the Siege and Battle of Belgrade War of the Polish Succession 1734 1735 In the Reichsarmee Austro Russian Turkish War 1735 39 1737 Fought at Timok and Radujewac 1738 Battle of Kornia 1739 The Regiment suffered great losses at the Battle of Grocka Austrian War of Succession 1741 Battle of Mollwitz 1742 Battle of Caslav and Siege of Prague 1743 With the main army in Bavaria Advance on the Rhine 1744 At the Siege of Lauterburg thereafter withdrew to Bohemia 1745 Battle of Hohenfriedeberg and Soor Seven Years War 1756 Battle of Lobositz 1757 The Regiment fought with distinction but heavy losses in the Battle of Prague then at Breslau and in the Battle of Leuthen where it fought rearguard actions 1758 Battle of Hochkirch and Battle of Ebersbach 1759 With the main army in the attack on Greiffenberg The carabinier company in Loudon s Corps fought in the Battle of Kunersdorf 1760 Battle of Kunzendorf and Battle of Torgau 1761 At the storming of Schweidnitz only the carabinier company saw action 1762 Patrol duties in Silesia Bavarian War of Succession 1778 1779 Patrol duties with the main army in Bohemia Saw no action Napoleonic Wars 1792 Patrolling and security duties in the Breisgau Saw no action 1793 Assigned to the Army of the Rhine Detachments participated in battles of Reichshofen Dauendorf Neuburg Gamshaimb and Pfaffenhofen 1794 Battle of Mannheim 1795 In front of Mannheim An element took part in the Battle of Schriesheim the Regiment fought with distinction at Handschuhsheim 1796 Individual elements fought at Ettlingen and Cannstatt later at Geisenfeld Emmendingen and Schliengen 1797 Battles of Diersheim Honau and on the Rench 1799 Fought at Ostrach and Stockach remained then with the troops on the Rhine before Mannheim 1800 The Regiment took part in the Battle of Moskirch the battles of Dillingen an der Donau Ingolstadt and Neuburg 1805 In Wereck s Corps took part in the Battle of Elchingen After the surrender of Trochtellingen and Ulm Battle of Ulm the majority of the Regiments was taken prisoner Several elements that escaped ended up in Archduke Ferdinand s Corps and went to Austria 1809 In the I Reserve Corps of the Army Fought at Eggmuhl Egloffsheim and Regensburg Participated in the Battle of Aspern and the Battle of Wagram Battle of Tesswitz Znaim nbsp Battle of Dresden 1813 German campaign of 1813 1813 Battle of Dresden and Battle of Leipzig 1814 Fought under their commander Prince Windisch Graetz at Troyes Arcis sur Aube and at la Fere Champenoise Hundred Days 1815 patrolling and security duties in France Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire 1848 Two divisions were initially assigned to put down the rebellion in Prague Thereafter the entire Regiment advanced to Vienna under the command of Field Marshal Prince Windisch Graetz where it took part in the Battle of Schwechat Thereafter the unit marched to Hungary and fought in the Battle of Parndorf 1849 Assigned to Schlick s Corps elements of the Regiment took part in the battles of Eperies Fuge the attack on Petervasar and the Battle of Sirok Furthermore the Regiment fought with distinction at Verpeleth Kapolna at Mezo Kovesd Hatvan and Isaszeg Thereafter it was assigned to the siege force around Komorn There it remained until the end of the battle without seeing action Austro Prussian War 1866 Allocated with 5 squadrons to the 3rd Reserve Cavalry Division The Regiment fought at Koniginhof and in the Battle of Koniggratz where it suffered the heaviest losses of all the cavalry regiments Parent formation and status in July 1914 edit X Corps 6th Cavalry Division 5th Cavalry Brigade Nationalities 58 Czechs 42 various Garrison Staff I Div Jaroslau II Div Radymno Commandant Colonel Viktor Bauer von Bauernthal Regimental language Czech First World War During the First World War the 8th Dragoons saw the most varied service They fought initially in cavalry regiment formations but were then used in all theatres of war in an infantry role Fate edit After the so called successors states to the imperial and royal monarchy had declared their independence in October 1918 soldiers of the new nationalities were called upon by their interim governments to cease fighting and return home As a rule this request was obeyed by the Czech and certain non German members of the Regiment Constitutionally it also applied to German Bohemian soldiers who suddenly found themselves as Czech citizens How far they complied with this request is no longer clear but those that did may have been the exception The core of the Regiment was maintained to the end of the war by the returning German Austrian dragoons It was now called the 2nd Regiment of Dragoons Field Marshal Montecuccoli s The regimental staff were based in Enns After the Austria s Anschluss to the German Reich the Regiment was disbanded in 1938 and its members formed part of the 11th Cavalry Kavallerie Regiments 11 within the German Wehrmacht Uniforms of the Regiment editCuirassier Regiment K 2 1738 white coats red facings 1765 1767 white coats and trousers poppy red facings white buttons 6th Cuirassier Regiment 1798 white coats scarlet facings white trousers yellow buttons 1850 white jackets scarlet facings light blue pantaloons yellow buttons 8th Regiment of Dragoons From 1868 light blue coats scarlet facings madder red breeches yellow buttonsStructure editOriginally a regiment in the Austro Hungarian cavalry usually consisted of three to four exceptionally more divisions By division was is meant a unit of battalion strength A proper division was called an infantry or cavalry division Each division had three squadrons Eskadronen each of which comprised two companies Kompanien The number of horsemen in the individual subunits varied but was normally around 80 riders per company The individual divisions were named after their official commanders The 1st Division was the Colonel s Division Oberst Division The 2nd Division was the Lieutenant Colonel s Division Oberstleutnant Division the 3rd Division was the Major s Division Major Division the 4th Division was the 2nd Major s Division the 5th Division if available was the 3rd Major s Division Under the Army reform begun by Emperor Joseph II the cavalry abandoned the company subunit with its structure In the wake of the Army reform of 1860 the cavalry regiments that to that point consisted of three divisions were reduced in size to two divisions See Imperial and Royal Dragoons All regimental honorary titles were cancelled in 1915 Literature editJohann Christoph Allmayer Beck amp Erich Lessing Die K u K Armee 1848 1914 Bertelsmann Munich 1989 ISBN 3 570 07287 8 Hans Bleckwenn Die Regimenter der Kaiserin Gedanken zur Albertina Handschrift 1762 des Heeresgeschichtlichen Museums Wien in Schriften des Heeresgeschichtlichen Museums in Wien Band 3 Maria Theresia Beitrage zur Geschichte des Heerwesens ihrer Zeit Graz Vienna Cologne 1967 pp 25 53 Hans Bleckwenn Reiter Husaren und Grenadiere d Uniformen d kaiserl Armee am Rhein 1734 Harenberg Dortmund 1979 ISBN 3 88379 125 3 pp 17ff Hermann Meynert Geschichte der K K Osterreichischen Armee ihrer Heranbildung und Organisation so wie ihrer Schicksale thaten und Feldzuge von der fruhesten bis auf die jetzige Zeit C Gerold und Sohn Vienna 1854 online bei google books Osprey Military Issue No 271 Reprint 1999 Osterreichische Militargeschichte Sonderband 1997 Verlag Stohr Vienna Georg Tessin Die Regimenter der europaischen Staaten im Ancien Regime des XVI bis XVIII Jahrhunderts 3 vols Biblio Verlag Osnabruck 1986 1995 ISBN 3 7648 1763 1 pp 152ff Alphons von Wrede Die Geschichte der k u k Wehrmacht Die Regimenter Corps Branchen und Anstalten von 1618 bis Ende des XIX Jahrhunderts Vienna 1898 1905 Part III 1st Part Cavallerie 2nd Part Aufgeloste Truppenkorper zu Pferde Personenverzeichnis Regimentschefs im Werk von Wrede pdf 325 kB References edit From 1798 to 1801 what later became the 11th Regiment of Dragoons and to 1860 the subsequently disbanded Hereditary Grand Duke of Toscana s Dragoons bore the designation 8th Regiment of Dragoons Dragoner Regiment Nr 8 Tessin 1986 Bd 1 40 Bleckwenn Following English practice the unit titles are shortened e g in this instance to Coneberg s Cuirassiers The full translated title would be of the form Coneberg s Regiment of Cuirassiers Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 8th Bohemian Dragoons Count Montecuccoli 27s amp oldid 1215831290, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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