fbpx
Wikipedia

Lieutenant field marshal

November 27, 2023

Lieutenant field marshal, also frequently historically field marshal lieutenant (German: Feldmarschall-Leutnant, formerly Feldmarschallleutnant, historically also Feldmarschall-Lieutenant and, in official Imperial and Royal Austrian army documents from 1867 always Feldmarschalleutnant, abbreviated FML), was a senior army rank in certain European armies of the 17th to 20th centuries. It emerged as the rank of field marshal (German: Feldmarschall) came to be used for the highest army commander in the 17th century (having originally been the equivalent of a cavalry colonel[1]). In German-speaking countries the commander-in-chief usually appointed an "under marshal" (Untermarschall) or "lieutenant field marshal" to support and represent the field marshal. Amongst his functions as the personal deputy to the field marshal, were the supervision of supply depots and routes, and inspection of the guards.

Austria edit

Lieutenant field marshal
Feldmarschall-Leutnant
 
Gorget patch
Country  Austria-Hungary
Service branch  Austro-Hungarian Army
Rank groupGeneral officer
RankTwo-star
Formation17th century
Abolished1938
Next higher rankGeneral der Waffengattung
Next lower rankGeneralmajor
Equivalent ranksVizeadmiral

It was introduced to the Army of the Austrian Empire in the period 1804 to 1866, and the Austro-Hungarian Army from 1867 to 1918, where it was the second highest general rank after the various generals of the branch- the general of infantry, cavalry and artillery - until the introduction of the rank of colonel general in 1915. On the re-introduction of the rank of field marshal, it fell back to third place in terms of seniority.

Prince Montecuccoli, a field marshal himself in the Habsburg army of the mid 17th century gives the order of precedence in the Imperial Army as follows:[2]

In 1789, for example, the Emperor conferred the rank of "Lieutenant Field Marshal on the Major Generals Count de Harrach, Baron d'Alvinzi, Prince Christian de Waldeck, Baron de Levenehr and Baron de Wallisch..."[3]

Subsequently, the order of precedence of general ranks in the Austro-Hungarian Army was as follows:

At that time, a field marshal lieutenant of the k.u.k. Army was equivalent to the Generalleutnant (lieutenant general) of the Prussian Army (today comparable to an OF7, major general or two-star rank). The normal assignment of a lieutenant field marshal was command of a division-sized formation. He was addressed by the honorific title of "excellency".

In Austria the rank continued to be used after 1918 by the commander-in-chief (FML Adolf von Boog) of the so-called Volkswehr (People's Defence) until 1919. However, the Bundesheer of the First Republic adopted the designation, structure and sequence of the German ranks in 1920. In 1933, following national tradition, Austrian ranks, insignia and uniforms were reintroduced, including lieutenant field marshal. These ranks remained in use until the Anschluss in 1938.

Denmark edit

The rank of Lieutenant field marshal (Danish: Feltmarskal Lieutenant) was codified on 25 May 1671, by King Christian V, with the publication of the Danish order of precedence. Here the rank of Lieutenant field marshal was placed above the rank of general, and below the position of Quartermaster general (Danish: General Feldt-Tøymester).[4]

Hungary edit

Main article: Military ranks of Hungary
Lieutenant field marshal
Altábornagy
 
Country  Hungary
Rank groupGeneral officer
RankLieutenant general
NATO rank codeOF-8
Next higher rankColonel general
Next lower rankMajor general

During the time of the Austro-Hungarian Army, the rank of Lieutenant field marshal was called Altábornagy (in Hungarian). The rank is still used by the Hungarian Defence Forces.[5]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Delbrück, Hans. The Dawn of Modern Warfare. Lincoln, USA: University of Nebraska, 1985. p. 257
  2. ^ Montecuccoli, Prince Raimondo. Writings: Military Writings, 2:210. Revised by Captain Alois Veltm, Vienna and Leipzig, 1899. Austrian State Archives.
  3. ^ The Gentleman's Magazine, Vol 65., London, 1789, p. 558.
  4. ^ danmarkshistorien.dk 2017.
  5. ^ Andrea, Kánya (6 May 2009). "A gallér és az ötágú csillag". honvedelem.hu (in Hungarian). Hungarian Defence Forces. Retrieved 26 May 2021.

Literature edit

  • danmarkshistorien.dk (17 May 2017). "Rangforordningen, 25. maj 1671" (in Danish). danmarkshistorien.dk. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  • Georg von Alten: Handbuch für Heer und Flotte. Vol. III, Berlin, 1911
  • Constantin von Wurzbach: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Österreich, 60 vols., Vienna, 1856-1891
  • Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 56 vols., Munich-Leipzig, 1875-1912
  • Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815-1950, hitherto 12 volumes, Vienna,1957 ff.
  • Neue Österreichische Biographie (ab Band 10: Grosse Österreicher), hitherto 21 volumes, Vienna, 1935-1982
  • Felix Czeike: Historisches Lexikon Wien, 5 vols., Vienna, 1992-1997
  • Antonio Schmidt-Brentano: Kaiserliche und k.k. Generale 1618-1815, Austrian State Archives
  • Antonio Schmidt-Brentano: Die k.k. bzw. k.u.k. Generalität 1816-1918, Austrian State Archives
  • Adjustierungsvorschrift für die k.u.k. gemeinsame Armee, die k.k. Landwehr, die k.u. Landwehr, die verbundenen Einrichtungen und das Corps der Militär-Beamten. complete works Vienna/Bozen, 1912

November 27, 2023
lieutenant, field, marshal, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, arti. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Lieutenant field marshal news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations July 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message Lieutenant field marshal also frequently historically field marshal lieutenant German Feldmarschall Leutnant formerly Feldmarschallleutnant historically also Feldmarschall Lieutenant and in official Imperial and Royal Austrian army documents from 1867 always Feldmarschalleutnant abbreviated FML was a senior army rank in certain European armies of the 17th to 20th centuries It emerged as the rank of field marshal German Feldmarschall came to be used for the highest army commander in the 17th century having originally been the equivalent of a cavalry colonel 1 In German speaking countries the commander in chief usually appointed an under marshal Untermarschall or lieutenant field marshal to support and represent the field marshal Amongst his functions as the personal deputy to the field marshal were the supervision of supply depots and routes and inspection of the guards Contents 1 Austria 2 Denmark 3 Hungary 4 See also 5 References 6 LiteratureAustria editLieutenant field marshalFeldmarschall Leutnant nbsp Gorget patchCountry nbsp Austria HungaryService branch nbsp Austro Hungarian ArmyRank groupGeneral officerRankTwo starFormation17th centuryAbolished1938Next higher rankGeneral der WaffengattungNext lower rankGeneralmajorEquivalent ranksVizeadmiralIt was introduced to the Army of the Austrian Empire in the period 1804 to 1866 and the Austro Hungarian Army from 1867 to 1918 where it was the second highest general rank after the various generals of the branch the general of infantry cavalry and artillery until the introduction of the rank of colonel general in 1915 On the re introduction of the rank of field marshal it fell back to third place in terms of seniority Prince Montecuccoli a field marshal himself in the Habsburg army of the mid 17th century gives the order of precedence in the Imperial Army as follows 2 Feldhauptmann commander in chief General Lieutenant or Feldhauptmann Lieutenant lieutenant general Feldmarschall field marshal General der Kavallerie and General der Artillerie general of cavalry and general of artillery Felmarschall Lieutenant field marshal lieutenant General Feldwachtmeister major general In 1789 for example the Emperor conferred the rank of Lieutenant Field Marshal on the Major Generals Count de Harrach Baron d Alvinzi Prince Christian de Waldeck Baron de Levenehr and Baron de Wallisch 3 Subsequently the order of precedence of general ranks in the Austro Hungarian Army was as follows Feldmarschall Tarbornagy field marshal Generaloberst Vezerezredes introduced in 1915 colonel general General der Infanterie Gyalogsagi Tabornok General der Kavallerie Lovassagi Tabornok and Feldzeugmeister Taborszernagy general of infantry general of cavalry and general of artillery Feldmarschall Leutnant Altabornagy field marshal lieutenant Generalmajor Vezerornagy major general At that time a field marshal lieutenant of the k u k Army was equivalent to the Generalleutnant lieutenant general of the Prussian Army today comparable to an OF7 major general or two star rank The normal assignment of a lieutenant field marshal was command of a division sized formation He was addressed by the honorific title of excellency In Austria the rank continued to be used after 1918 by the commander in chief FML Adolf von Boog of the so called Volkswehr People s Defence until 1919 However the Bundesheer of the First Republic adopted the designation structure and sequence of the German ranks in 1920 In 1933 following national tradition Austrian ranks insignia and uniforms were reintroduced including lieutenant field marshal These ranks remained in use until the Anschluss in 1938 Denmark editThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it July 2021 The rank of Lieutenant field marshal Danish Feltmarskal Lieutenant was codified on 25 May 1671 by King Christian V with the publication of the Danish order of precedence Here the rank of Lieutenant field marshal was placed above the rank of general and below the position of Quartermaster general Danish General Feldt Toymester 4 Hungary editMain article Military ranks of Hungary This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it July 2021 Lieutenant field marshalAltabornagy nbsp Country nbsp HungaryRank groupGeneral officerRankLieutenant generalNATO rank codeOF 8Next higher rankColonel generalNext lower rankMajor generalDuring the time of the Austro Hungarian Army the rank of Lieutenant field marshal was called Altabornagy in Hungarian The rank is still used by the Hungarian Defence Forces 5 See also editList of lieutenant field marshals of the Holy Roman Empire Ranks in the Austro Hungarian Navy Rank insignias of the Austro Hungarian armed forcesReferences edit Delbruck Hans The Dawn of Modern Warfare Lincoln USA University of Nebraska 1985 p 257 Montecuccoli Prince Raimondo Writings Military Writings 2 210 Revised by Captain Alois Veltm Vienna and Leipzig 1899 Austrian State Archives The Gentleman s Magazine Vol 65 London 1789 p 558 danmarkshistorien dk 2017 Andrea Kanya 6 May 2009 A galler es az otagu csillag honvedelem hu in Hungarian Hungarian Defence Forces Retrieved 26 May 2021 Literature editdanmarkshistorien dk 17 May 2017 Rangforordningen 25 maj 1671 in Danish danmarkshistorien dk Retrieved 15 March 2021 Georg von Alten Handbuch fur Heer und Flotte Vol III Berlin 1911 Constantin von Wurzbach Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Osterreich 60 vols Vienna 1856 1891 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie 56 vols Munich Leipzig 1875 1912 Osterreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815 1950 hitherto 12 volumes Vienna 1957 ff Neue Osterreichische Biographie ab Band 10 Grosse Osterreicher hitherto 21 volumes Vienna 1935 1982 Felix Czeike Historisches Lexikon Wien 5 vols Vienna 1992 1997 Antonio Schmidt Brentano Kaiserliche und k k Generale 1618 1815 Austrian State Archives Antonio Schmidt Brentano Die k k bzw k u k Generalitat 1816 1918 Austrian State Archives Adjustierungsvorschrift fur die k u k gemeinsame Armee die k k Landwehr die k u Landwehr die verbundenen Einrichtungen und das Corps der Militar Beamten complete works Vienna Bozen 1912 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lieutenant field marshal amp oldid 1082148444, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.