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2022 Atlantic hurricane season

May 04, 2023

The 2022 Atlantic hurricane season was the first season since 1997 in which no tropical cyclones formed in August, and the first season on record to do so during a La Niña year. It was a fairly average hurricane season with an average number of named storms, a slightly above-average number of hurricanes, a slightly below-average number of major hurricanes (which are Category 3 or higher on the 5-level Saffir–Simpson scale), and a near-normal accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index.[nb 2] Despite this, it became one of the costliest Atlantic hurricane seasons on record, mostly due to Hurricane Ian. There were 14 named storms during the season. Eight of them strengthened into a hurricane, and two reached major hurricane intensity. The season officially began on June 1, and ended on November 30. These dates, adopted by convention, historically describe the period in each year when most subtropical or tropical cyclogenesis occurs in the Atlantic Ocean.[2] This year's first Atlantic named storm, Tropical Storm Alex, developed five days after the start of the season, making this the first season since 2014 not to have a pre-season named storm.

2022 Atlantic hurricane season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formedJune 5, 2022
Last system dissipatedNovember 11, 2022
Strongest storm
NameFiona[nb 1]
 • Maximum winds140 mph (220 km/h)
(1-minute sustained)
 • Lowest pressure931 mbar (hPa; 27.49 inHg)
Seasonal statistics
Total depressions16
Total storms14
Hurricanes8
Major hurricanes
(Cat. 3+)		2
Total fatalities304 total
Total damage> $118.286 billion (2022 USD)
(Third-costliest tropical cyclone season on record)
Related articles
Atlantic hurricane seasons
2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024

Two systems developed on July 1. Tropical Storm Bonnie formed and made landfall near the Costa Rica–Nicaragua border. It then crossed over into the Pacific basin, becoming the first to survive the crossover from the Atlantic to the Pacific since Hurricane Otto in 2016. Also, Tropical Storm Colin formed abruptly and made landfall in South Carolina, before quickly weakening and dissipating the next day. Following this activity, tropical cyclogenesis was suppressed across the basin for several weeks by a combination of high wind shear, drier air, and the presence of the Saharan Air Layer. After an almost 60-day lull in tropical cyclone activity, hurricanes Danielle and Earl formed on September 1 and 3 respectively, with Danielle becoming the season's first hurricane. The last season to have its first hurricane develop this late was 2013.

Activity then increased tremendously towards the end of September as four named storms formed in quick succession. Among them, Hurricane Fiona became the season's first major hurricane on September 20, which is about three weeks later than when the first one typically forms.[3] As an extratropical cyclone it became the strongest storm in Canadian history, as measured by atmospheric pressure, and caused significant damage in Atlantic Canada. Hurricane Ian then became the second major hurricane of the season on September 27 and the only Category 5 of the season on September 28, before inflicting an estimated $113.1 billion in damage to western Cuba, Southwestern and Central Florida, and the Carolinas. Hurricane Julia formed in early October and became the second storm of the season to cross over into the Pacific basin intact after traversing Nicaragua, making this season the first to have more than one crossover system since 1996. The last storm in the season, Hurricane Nicole, made landfall on the coasts of the Bahamas and Florida. It was the first November hurricane to make landfall in Florida since Kate in 1985, and caused about $1 billion in damage in areas devastated by Ian six weeks earlier. Tropical cyclones during this season collectively caused at least 304 deaths and more than $118.29 billion in damage, making it one of the costliest seasons on record.

Most forecasting agencies anticipated a well-above average season due to warmer-than-normal sea surface temperatures and a favorable El Niño–Southern Oscillation pattern, limiting the chances of El Niño developing. While conducive conditions such as warmer sea surface temperatures and a La Niña came to fruition, the unfavorable wind shear pattern and Saharan Air Layer suppressed tropical cyclogenesis through much of July and the entirety of August, with the latter typically being among the most active climatologically.

Seasonal forecasts

Predictions of tropical activity in the 2022 season
Source Date Named
storms 		Hurricanes Major
hurricanes 		Ref
Average (1991–2020) 14.4 7.2 3.2 [4]
Record high activity 30 15 7† [5]
Record low activity 4 2† 0† [5]
CSU December 9, 2021 13–16 6–8 2–3 [6]
TSR December 10, 2021 18 8 3 [7]
TSR April 6, 2022 18 8 4 [8]
CSU April 7, 2022 19 9 4 [9]
TWC April 14, 2022 20 8 4 [10]
UA April 14, 2022 14 7 3 [11]
NCSU April 20, 2022 17–21 7–9 3–5 [12]
PSU May 9, 2022 11-19 N/A N/A [13]
UKMO* May 23, 2022 18 9 4 [14]
NOAA May 24, 2022 14–21 6–10 3–6 [15]
TSR May 31, 2022 18 8 4 [16]
CSU June 2, 2022 20 10 5 [17]
TWC June 17, 2022 21 9 4 [18]
UA June 20, 2022 15 7 3 [19]
TSR July 5, 2022 18 9 4 [20]
CSU July 7, 2022 20 10 5 [21]
UKMO August 2, 2022 16 6 4 [22]
NOAA August 4, 2022 14–20 6–10 3–5 [23]
CSU August 4, 2022 18 8 4 [23]
TWC August 18, 2022 17 7 3 [24]
Actual activity
 14 8 2
* June–November only
† Most recent of several such occurrences. (See all)

In advance of, and during, each hurricane season, several forecasts of hurricane activity are issued by national meteorological services, scientific agencies, and noted hurricane experts. These include forecasters from the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Climate Prediction Center, Tropical Storm Risk (TSR), the United Kingdom's Met Office (UKMO), and Philip J. Klotzbach and their associates at Colorado State University (CSU). The forecasts include weekly and monthly changes in significant factors that help determine the number of tropical storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes within a particular year. According to NOAA and CSU, the average Atlantic hurricane season between 1991 and 2020 contained roughly 14 tropical storms, seven hurricanes, three major hurricanes, and an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index of 74–126 units.[25] Broadly speaking, ACE is a measure of the power of a tropical or subtropical storm multiplied by the length of time it existed. It is only calculated for full advisories on specific tropical and subtropical systems reaching or exceeding wind speeds of 39 mph (63 km/h).[4] NOAA typically categorizes a season as above-average, average, or below-average based on the cumulative ACE index, but the number of tropical storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes within a hurricane season is sometimes also considered.[4]

Pre-season forecasts

On December 9, 2021, CSU issued an extended range forecast for the 2022 hurricane season, giving a 40% chance of near-average activity with 13–16 named storms, 6–8 hurricanes, 2–3 major hurricanes, and an ACE index of about 130 units. The forecast also gave a 25% chance that the ACE Index would end up being around 170 units, and a 25% likelihood the likelihood that the index would end up around 80.[6] TSR also issued an extended range forecast on December 10, 2021.[7] It predicted overall near-average tropical activity with its ACE index, anticipating 18 tropical storms, 8 hurricanes, and 3 intense hurricanes to form during the season. One of their factors was the expectation of a neutral El Niño-Southern Oscillation condition by the third quarter of 2022. This outlook had "large uncertainties".[7]

In their April 6, 2022, forecast, TSR's number of named storms remained unchanged, while they slightly increased the number of major hurricane from three to four.[8] On the following day, CSU issued their first extended range seasonal forecast for the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season, predicting well above-average activity, with 19 named storms, 9 hurricanes, 4 major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 160 units. Their factors supporting an active hurricane season included above average-sea surface temperatures in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, and a cool neutral ENSO or weak La Niña pattern, corresponding to a low chance of an El Niño.[9] The Weather Channel (TWC) issued their first seasonal forecast on April 14, calling for 20 named storms, 8 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes.[10] On the same day, the University of Arizona (UA) issued its seasonal prediction for a slightly above-average hurricane season, with 14 named storms, 7 hurricanes, 3 major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 129 units.[11] North Carolina State University (NCSU) made its prediction for the season on April 20, calling for an above-average season with 17 to 21 named storms, 7 to 9 hurricanes, and 3 to 5 major hurricanes.[12]

On May 9, Pennsylvania State University predicted 14.9 +/- 3.8 tropical storms, or a range of 11 to 19 named storms.[13] On May 23, UKMO issued their own forecast for the 2022 season, predicting an above average season with 18 named storms, 9 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes, with a 70% chance that each of these statistics will fall between 13 and 23, 6 and 12, and 2 and 6, respectively.[14] The following day, NOAA's Climate Prediction Center issued their forecasts for the season, predicting a 65% chance of above-average activity and 25% chance for below-average activity, with 14–21 named storms, 6–10 hurricanes, and 3–6 major hurricanes.[15] TSR released another prediction on May 31 that was unchanged from its April 6 forecast: 18 named storms, 8 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes.[16]

Mid-season forecasts

On June 2, CSU updated their extended range seasonal forecast, increasing the amount of tropical cyclones to 20 named storms, 10 hurricanes, 5 major hurricanes, and an overall ACE index of 180 units. This was done after later analysis of lower chances of an El Niño during the season, as well as a warmer than average tropical Atlantic.[17] TWC's second outlook, released on June 17, slightly increased the number of named storms to 21 and hurricanes to 9, but left the number of major hurricanes at 4.[18] On June 20, 2022, UA updated its seasonal prediction, which is very similar to its April prediction, with 15 named storms, 7 hurricanes, 3 major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 131 units.[19] On July 5, TSR released their third forecast for the season, slightly increasing their numbers to 18 named storms, 9 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes. This prediction was largely based on the persistence of the weak La Niña into the third quarter of the year.[20] On July 7, CSU did not make changes to their updated prediction of 20 named storms, 10 hurricanes, and 5 major hurricanes.[21] UKMO's updated forecast on August 2 called for 16 named storms, 6 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes.[22] Two days later, NOAA and CSU each revised their activity outlook slightly downward, though both still predicted that the season would end up being busier than the 30-year average. The revisions were made in part because of the relative slow start to the season (as compared to the past few years), with only three short-lived named storms as of the start of August.[23] The third and final TWC seasonal forecast, issued on August 18, decreased the number of named storms to 17, hurricanes to 7, and major hurricanes to 3.[24]

Seasonal summary

For a chronological guide, see Timeline of the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season.
Hurricane Nicole (2022)Hurricane Julia (2022)Tropical Storm Hermine (2022)Hurricane IanHurricane FionaHurricane Earl (2022)Hurricane Danielle (2022)Hurricane Bonnie (2022)Tropical Storm Alex (2022)Saffir–Simpson scale
 
Tropical Storm Earl (bottom left) and Hurricane Danielle (top right) on September 5

Officially, the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season ran from June 1 to November 30.[13] A total of 16 tropical cyclones developed, 14 of which intensified into named storms. Of those, eight strengthened into a hurricane, while two systems reached major hurricane intensity. Thus, the season was near-average compared to NOAA's 1991–2020 mean of 14 named storms, 7 hurricanes, and 3 major hurricanes.[1] The near-average number of named storms ended the record six-year streak of above-average activity in the Atlantic.[26] A strong La Niña and slightly above-normal West African Monsoon season led to the mostly average activity. However, intense wind shear and the suppression of moisture in the atmosphere by the Saharan Air Layer led to an unusual mid-season cessation in tropical cyclogenesis that lasted nearly two months,[27][28] with no named storms in the Atlantic between July 3 and August 31 for the first time since 1941.[26]

Hurricanes Fiona and Ian inflicted historically significant impacts on certain areas. After Fiona caused a few billion dollars in damage in Puerto Rico, its remnants struck Nova Scotia as a powerful extratropical cyclone, becoming the costliest weather disaster on record in Atlantic Canada.[29] Ian became both the costliest Florida hurricane and the third-costliest on record in the United States, behind only Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and Hurricane Harvey in 2017. Additionally, 150 fatalities occurred in Florida,[30] making Ian the deadliest tropical cyclone in the state since the 1935 Labor Day hurricane.[26] Collectively, the tropical cyclones of the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season caused at least 304 fatalities and more than $181.29 billion in damage,[31] making it one of the costliest seasons of all time.[32]

This season's ACE index, as calculated by Colorado State University using data from the NHC, was approximately 95.1 units,[33] which was 77% of the long-term (30-year) average of 123.[1] The ACE number represents the sum of the squares of the maximum sustained wind speed (knots) for all named storms while they are at least tropical storm intensity, divided by 10,000. Therefore, tropical depressions are not included.[9]

 
Four tropical cyclones active simultaneously on September 23: Hurricane Fiona (top-left), Tropical Storm Gaston (top-right), Tropical Storm Hermine (bottom-right), and Tropical Depression Nine (bottom-left, which ultimately became Hurricane Ian). The wave that would later spawn Tropical Depression Eleven can be seen to the left of Hermine.

Overall, NOAA Hurricane Hunters logged more than 582 flight hours while conducting 65 eyewall passages and deploying more than 1,700 scientific instruments, including dropsondes. Additionally, the Gulfstream IV-SP took off from the Cabo Verde Islands in August, becoming the easternmost hurricane hunter flight. NOAA also launched an Altius 600 for the first time, which recorded wind speed data on Hurricane Ian as it approached landfall in Florida. Crews of flights conducted by the National Ocean Service took thousands of aerial images of the destruction caused by Ian, which especially assisted with identifying pollutants and areas requiring extensive marine debris cleanup. NOAA's King Air and Twin Otter aircraft were also involved in a similar mission in the aftermath of Ian and Hurricane Nicole, logging more than 41 flight hours.[27]

The 2022 season was the first season since 2014 to not have a pre-season named storm. Activity began with the formation of Tropical Storm Alex on June 5, after several days of slow development while traversing the Gulf of Mexico and then moving over Central Florida.[34] The storm peaked at near-hurricane strength before becoming extratropical on the following day over the Central North Atlantic. On July 1, Tropical Storm Bonnie formed in the Southern Caribbean Sea and made landfall shortly thereafter near the Costa Rica–Nicaragua border. It then crossed over into the Pacific basin a day later, the first storm to do so since Hurricane Otto in 2016,[35] where it would become a Category 3 hurricane.[36] Also on July 1, a low-pressure system off the U.S. Atlantic coast near Savannah, Georgia, abruptly organized into Tropical Storm Colin, a short-lived storm that dissipated the next day inland over northeastern South Carolina.[37] Tropical cyclogenesis then ceased for almost two months, with 2022 becoming the first season since 1997 in which no tropical cyclones formed in August.[38] One disturbance over the Gulf of Mexico during the middle of the month was briefly designated as a potential tropical cyclone, but it did not organize into a tropical cyclone before moving inland over Northeastern Mexico.[39]

List of costliest Atlantic hurricane seasons (as of 2022)
Rank Cost Season
1 ≥ $294.803 billion 2017
2 $172.297 billion 2005
3 $120.425 billion 2022
4 ≥ $80.727 billion 2021
5 $72.341 billion 2012
6 $61.148 billion 2004
7 ≥ $51.114 billion 2020
8 ≥ $50.526 billion 2018
9 ≥ $48.855 billion 2008
10 $27.302 billion 1992

Tropical activity ultimately resumed with the formation of Tropical Storm Danielle over the central Atlantic on September 1. The storm intensified into a hurricane the following day, the latest first hurricane since 2013.[40] It remained nearly stationary far to the west of the Azores for several days before moving northeastward and becoming extratropical on September 8 without affecting any land areas.[41] Additionally, a slow-developing disturbance east of the Lesser Antilles became organized and developed into Tropical Storm Earl late on September 2. It strengthened into a hurricane, tracked east of Bermuda, fluctuating between Category 1 and 2 intensity, and then became extratropical near Newfoundland on September 10.[42] Four days later, |Tropical Storm Fiona formed in the Central Atlantic. Fiona eventually became a hurricane, striking both Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic before becoming the season's first major hurricane as it passed by the Turks and Caicos Islands on September 20. That same day, Tropical Storm Gaston formed over the Central Atlantic and moved through the Western Azores. Fiona strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane as it passed west of Bermuda and transitioned into a powerful extratropical cyclone on September 23, just before striking Nova Scotia.[29] That same day, Tropical Depression Nine formed in the Caribbean Sea and Tropical Depression Ten formed in the eastern tropical Atlantic, marking the first time since 2020 that four tropical cyclones were active simultaneously in the Atlantic basin.[43]

Tropical Depression Nine became Hurricane Ian, the most deadly and destructive storm of the season, and its strongest in terms of winds. Ian made landfall in western Cuba and crossed the Florida Keys as a Category 3 hurricane, before briefly becoming a Category 5 hurricane. It then made landfall in southwestern Florida as a high-end Category 4 hurricane, and later in South Carolina as a Category 1.[30] Tropical Depression Ten attained tropical storm strength first, becoming Tropical Storm Hermine.[44] It was one of the easternmost Atlantic tropical storms on record,[45] and brought heavy rainfall to the Canary Islands.[44] Next, Tropical Depression Eleven formed during the last week in September, and then Tropical Depression Twelve formed one week later. Ultimately, neither cyclone strengthened into a tropical storm.[46][47] Soon thereafter, Hurricane Julia formed just off the coast of Venezuela on October 7. After traversing Nicaragua intact, Julia entered the Pacific basin.[48] Not since 1996 has more than one storm crossed between the Atlantic and Pacific basins intact during a single season.[49] On October 11, Tropical Storm Karl formed in the Bay of Campeche, moved erratically over open waters, before degenerating into a remnant low offshore of Mexico three days later.[50] Two systems were at hurricane strength on November 2: Lisa, in the Caribbean, and Martin, in the central Atlantic. Thus, for the first time since Michelle and Noel in 2001, two Atlantic hurricanes were at hurricane strength simultaneously during November.[51] Soon thereafter, Hurricane Nicole formed on November 7, also tying 2001 for the most hurricanes in November, with three.[26] Nicole impacted the Greater Antilles, the Bahamas, and the Eastern United States, becoming the first hurricane to strike Florida in the month of November since Hurricane Kate in 1985.[32] The storm was absorbed by a trough over North Carolina on November 11, ending activity for the season.[52]

Systems

Tropical Storm Alex

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
   
DurationJune 5 – June 6
Peak intensity70 mph (110 km/h) (1-min) 984 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Tropical Storm Alex (2022)

In late May, the mid-level remnants of Hurricane Agatha in the Pacific basin interacted with a Central American Gyre. Consequently, a gradual increase in deep convection occurred over the Yucatán Peninsula and the northwestern Caribbean Sea, which led to the development of a low-pressure area just north of the Belize-Mexico border on June 2. After emerging into the southeastern Gulf of Mexico early the next day, the disturbance made multiple attempts at organizing into a tropical cyclone and attained tropical storm-force winds. However, strong wind shear kept the system disorganized before it struck Southwest Florida on June 4. Several hours later, the disturbance emerged into the Atlantic, where it to develop into Tropical Storm Alex at 00:00 UTC on June 5 about 85 mi (135 km) north of Grand Bahama. Additional intensification occurred as Alex moved east-northeastward due to mid-latitude westerly flow, reaching sustained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) around 18:00 UTC. However, drier air caused Alex to weaken on the following day, with the storm transitioning into an extratropical cyclone at 12:00 UTC roughly 105 mi (170 km) north-northwest of Bermuda. The remnants of Alex were absorbed by a baroclinic zone early on June 7.[53]

Due to the threat the developing system posed to Cuba, the Florida Keys, and South Florida, the National Hurricane Center initiated advisories on it, designating it as Potential Tropical Cyclone One. The precursor to Alex dropped heavy precipitation in these regions.[53] During a 30-hour period on June 2–3, Paso Real de San Diego in the province of Pinar del Río recorded about 12 inches (301 mm) of rain, and Playa Girón in Matanzas received over 8 inches (193 mm).[54] There were four storm-related deaths in Cuba, while about 750 homes, 7,900 acres (3,200 ha) of crops,[53] and numerous bridges suffered flood damage.[55] In Florida, several locations in the Upper Keys and the Miami metropolitan area observed between 10 and 15 in (250 and 380 mm) of rainfall, with a peak total of 15.28 in (388 mm) near Hollywood. Extensive street flooding occurred in the Miami area, but water entered few properties. Across Broward and Miami-Dade counties combined, there were about 3,500 power outages.[53] Damage from the precursor to Alex in Florida totaled $104,000.[56]

Tropical Storm Bonnie

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
   
DurationJuly 1 – July 2 (Exited basin)
Peak intensity60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min) 996 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Bonnie (2022)

A low-altitude tropical wave entered the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa on June 22, producing a large but disorganized area of showers and thunderstorms. Thunderstorm activity increased by June 27, while a NOAA Hurricane Hunters mission reported tropical-storm-force winds but no well-defined closed circulation. However, due to the threat the system posed to the Lesser Antilles, the NHC initiated advisories on it as Potential Tropical Cyclone Two later that same day. Later, after crossing the southern Windward Islands on June 28 and passing near the coast of Venezuela on the following day, the disturbance encountered more favorable conditions but failed to develop a distinct low-level circulation due to its fast forward speed and interaction with land. As the disturbance moved toward Central America on the morning of July 1, it became sufficiently organized to be classified as Tropical Storm Bonnie.[36] Embedded in an environment of low wind shear and warm seas, Bonnie started to steadily intensify.[57] At 03:00 UTC on July 2, Bonnie made landfall near the Costa Rica–Nicaragua border at its peak intensity within the Atlantic with sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h). Bonnie then crossed Central America and exited into the Eastern Pacific basin around 12:00 UTC on July 2.[36]

Bonnie and its precursor disturbance produced gusty winds and heavy rainfall as it tracked through the southern Caribbean.[58] On Trinidad, floodwaters damaged at least 40 homes in one village and left approximately 200,000 people without potable water.[36] Heavy rainfall and landslides in Panama led to the evacuation of several families in Chiriquí Province.[59] In Costa Rica, over 3,000 people evacuated as a result of flooding and mudslides,[36] while 8,593 households lost electricity.[60] Over 10,000 people lost power during the storm in Nicaragua. Four deaths occurred in the country, three after being swept away in rising rivers and one while attempting to rescue other people from a bus being carried away. Overall, Bonnie caused about $25 million in damage throughout the impacted regions.[36]

Tropical Storm Colin

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
   
DurationJuly 1 – July 2
Peak intensity40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min) 1011 mbar (hPa)

A low-pressure are formed along a surface trough offshore Savannah, Georgia, on July 1. The system then unexpectedly organized into a tropical depression around 18:00 UTC that day, and strengthened into Tropical Storm Colin at 23:30 UTC as it made landfall near Hunting Island, South Carolina. Simultaneously, Colined peaked with maximum sustained winds of 40 mph (65 km/h). The center of the storm remained just inland over coastal South Carolina on July 2, though most of its heavy rains and strong winds remained out over the Atlantic due to its proximity to the coast and wind shear.[37] Colin became increasingly disorganized later that day, with its circulation becoming elongated due to the wind shear and continued land interaction.[61] By 18:00 UTC on July 2, Colin fell to tropical depression intensity. The storm continued to weaken rapidly, and its low-level circulation dissipated over northeastern South Carolina by the end of that day.[37]

A few locations from northeast Florida to southeastern North Carolina observed 3 to 4 in (76 to 102 mm) of precipitation. In South Carolina, rainfall amounts ranged from 1–3 in (25–76 mm) in parts of the Midlands region to a peak total of 7.59 in (193 mm) near Wadmalaw Island.[37] A Fourth of July weekend event in Charleston was cancelled because of flooding at the event site, as was a festival in Southport, North Carolina.[62] However, only minor damage occurred overall. One person drowned offshore Oak Island, North Carolina, due to rip currents generated by Colin.[37]

Hurricane Danielle

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
   
DurationSeptember 1 – September 8
Peak intensity85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min) 972 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Danielle (2022)

On August 31, an area of low pressure formed along a decaying frontal zone over the central subtropical Atlantic. The disturbance quickly developed into Tropical Depression Five early on September 1 roughly 715 mi (1,150 km) southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland, before strengthening into Tropical Storm Danielle by 12:00 UTC. Favorable conditions such as abnormally warm seas and light wind shear allowed Danielle to become a hurricane around 24 hours later. The hurricane stalled on September 2, caught south of a blocking high, and weakened back to a tropical storm the next day due to upwelling of cooler waters. Later, the storm drifted westward, where it again strengthened into a hurricane early on September 4. After turning northwestward, Danielle reached its peak intensity with sustained winds of 85 mph (140 km/h) late the following day.[41] It then moved over a relatively cool part of the Gulf Stream and weakened to a low-end Category 1 hurricane.[63] The hurricane briefly re-intensified when it moved over marginally warm waters on September 7, but resumed a weakening trend shortly thereafter.[64] Danielle weakened to a tropical storm early on September 8, before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone later that day. The remnant extratropical system meandered over the northeastern Atlantic before dissipating offshore Portugal on September 15.[41]

The remnants of Danielle dissipated offshore Portugal as an extratropical cyclone, bringing heavy rain to the country, including 3.3 in (84 mm) of precipitation in Guarda in 24 hours.[41] Between September 12–13, 644 accidents were reported throughout the country, along with many instances of downed trees and flash floods.[65] In Manteigas, which had been ravaged by intense summer forest fires in nearby areas of the Serra da Estrela mountain range, floods and landslides caused major damage and at least four vehicles were dragged into the Zêzere River. Portuguese authorities also reported minor wind and flood damage in Lisbon and Setúbal.[66] Much of Spain was put on yellow alert as wind, rain and thunderstorms triggered by the cyclone moved inland.[67]

Hurricane Earl

Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS)
   
DurationSeptember 2 – September 10
Peak intensity110 mph (175 km/h) (1-min) 948 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Earl (2022)

On August 25, a tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa. Convective activity remained sporadic and disorganized for several days as the wave moved generally west-northwestward through an environment of dry air and unfavorable wind shear. However, convection markedly increased on September 1 as the system approached warm waters near the Lesser Antilles. Late on the following day, the system organized into Tropical Storm Earl approximately 205 mi (330 km) east of Barbuda. Continuously unconducive wind shear prevented significant intensification before Earl turned northward on September 5 through a break in a subtropical ridge over the central Atlantic. Possibly due to a diffluent environment and favorable thermodynamic conditions, Earl intensified into a hurricane late on September 6. The storm briefly strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane early on September 8 but then weakened later that day, likely due to dry air.[42]

Around 12:00 UTC on September 9, Earl re-strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane. About 12 hours later, the hurricane peaked with sustained winds of 110 mph (175 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 948 mbar (28.0 inHg) as it accelerated northeastward in advance of a mid-latitude trough. However, Earl soon began losing tropical characteristics and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone around 18:00 UTC on September 10, about 230 mi (370 km) south of Cape Race, Newfoundland. The extratropical remnants executed a cyclonic loop south of Newfoundland before moving generally eastward across the Atlantic before dissipating late on September 15.[42]

The outerbands of Earl produced rainfall amounts generally ranging from 3 to 5 in (76 to 127 mm) in eastern Puerto Rico, while a weather station near Finca La Loma recorded a peak total of 7.7 in (200 mm) of precipitation. Two people died near Salinas after being struck by lightning while riding a jet ski. Bermuda was buffeted with sustained winds of 35 mph (60 km/h) as Hurricane Earl passed within about 90 mi (145 km) of the island's eastern coast; higher gusts were reported, including one of 67 mph (108 km/h) at the National Museum of Bermuda.[42] There were localized power outages across the archipelago but no large-scale damage was observed.[68] During a 36-hour period September 10–12, 7–8 in (175–200 mm) of rain fell in the St. Johns area of Newfoundland and Labrador,[69] causing the Waterford River to overflow, which led to urban flooding. Similar rainfall amounts were also reported in communities throughout the Avalon Peninsula. Additionally, the cyclone generated rough surf which damaged the breakwater on the coast in the area of Trepassey, causing localized flooding.[42]

Hurricane Fiona

Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
   
DurationSeptember 14 – September 23
Peak intensity140 mph (220 km/h) (1-min) 931 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Fiona

A tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa and entered the Atlantic on September 7. Although shower and thunderstorm activity was initially organized, dry air significantly limited convection as the wave trekked westward for several days. However, convection began increasing on September 12 and consolidating late on September 13. A well-defined circulation formed early the following day, leading to the development of a tropical depression approximately 1,035 mi (1,665 km) east of the Lesser Antilles. Although the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Fiona later on September 14, wind shear prevented further significant intensification for a few days as the storm continued to move generally westward. Late on September 16, Fiona struck Guadeloupe with winds of 60 mph (95 km/h). After entering the Caribbean, the cyclone encountered decreasing wind shear, allowing it to intensify into a hurricane on September 18. At 19:20 UTC, Fiona made landfall in the Lajas municipality of Puerto Rico near Punta Tocon with winds of 85 mph (140 km/h). The storm quickly emerged into the Mona Passage and moved west-northwestward until striking the Dominican Republic near Boca de Yuma with winds of 90 mph (150 km/h) around 07:30 UTC on September 19.[29]

Fiona emerged into the Atlantic from the north coast of the Dominican Republic later on September 19 and soon intensified into a Category 2 hurricane. The storm then reached Category 3 intensity early on the following day, prior to striking Grand Turk Island around 11:00 UTC. Thereafter, Fiona moved north-northeastward due to a weakness in the subtropical ridge and strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane early on September 21. At that time, the cyclone peaked with sustained winds of 140 mph (220 km/h). Although sustained winds then decreased slightly, the storm's minimum pressure fell to 931 mbar (27.5 inHg) early on September 23. Fiona also expanded significantly that day while passing about 115 mi (185 km) northwest of Bermuda around 10:00 UTC. The storm accelerated northeastward and then north-northeastward while merging with a cold front several hours later, with Fiona becoming extratropical by 00:00 UTC on September 24 approximately 220 mi (355 km) southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia. The remnants of Fiona remained intense and struck Nova Scotia around 07:00 UTC that day and then extreme eastern Quebec on September 25, several hours before reaching the Labrador Sea. The extratropical cyclone dissipated just offshore Nuuk, Greenland, late on September 27.[29]

Several of the Leeward Islands recorded tropical storm-force winds and heavy rainfall, with up to 22.22 in (564 mm) of precipitation on Guadeloupe, leading to one death after the overflowing Rivière des Pères swept away a house.[29] Still recovering from the effects of Hurricane Maria in 2017 and saturated from precipitation produced by Earl,[70] torrential rains fell island-wide on Puerto Rico on September 18–19, exceeding 30 in (760 mm) in some regions, causing destructive flash flooding, landslides, and rockfalls that washed out or blocked numerous roads and bridges. In addition, the effects of the storm resulted in an island-wide power grid failure. A loss of approximately 90% of commercial crops also occurred. Overall, Fiona caused 23 deaths and about $2.5 billion in damage in Puerto Rico, making Fiona the island's third costliest tropical cyclone on record. In the Dominican Republic, heavy rainfall and hurricane-force winds destroyed more than 2,000 homes and damaged about 8,500 others, displacing over 43,000 people. More than 400,000 people lost electricity and 1.2 million people experienced a disruption of water services. Two deaths occurred in the country,[29] while damage totaled approximately $375 million.[71] In the Turks and Caicos Islands, strong winds downed many trees and power poles and damaged some homes. Similar impacts were reported in Bermuda, along with approximately 29,000 customers losing electricity. In Atlantic Canada, strong winds felled thousands of power lines and trees across the region, leaving over 500,000 customers without electricity and causing significant damage to roofs and windows in Nova Scotia. Large waves and storm surge demolished more than 100 homes in southwestern Newfoundland and flooded many dwellings and businesses on the Magdalen Islands. Eight deaths were reported in Atlantic Canada, while insured losses alone reached $800 million, making the remnants of Fiona the costliest weather disaster in the region's history.[29]

Tropical Storm Gaston

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
   
DurationSeptember 20 – September 25
Peak intensity65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min) 994 mbar (hPa)

A tropical wave moved off the west coast of Africa and entered the Atlantic on September 12, initially producing disorganized showers and thunderstorms. After the wave moved generally westward to about midway between Africa and the Lesser Antilles, deep convection began consolidating along its northern side between September 16 and September 17. Although a surface low developed on September 19, convection remained disorganized. However, upon acquiring a well-defined center and persistent deep convection on September 20, the system became Tropical Depression Eight about 1,100 mi (1,770 km) east of Bermuda. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Gaston six hours later while moving north-northeastward along the western edge of a high-pressure area. Despite only marginally warm water temperatures and moderate to strong wind shear, Gaston strengthened to peak with sustained winds of 65 mph (100 km/h) early on September 21.[72]

However, additional strengthening was prevented as dry air intruded into Gaston. A blocking mid-level high pressure caused the storm to turn southeastward and then southwestward on September 23 and later to the westward on the following day.[72] Passing between the Azores late on September 23 and early on September 24, Gaston generated heavy rainfall across the archipelago, especially in the western and central islands.[73] A weather station at Horta on Faial Island measured a wind gust of 41 mph (66 km/h) as Gaston passed through. Convection diminished significantly as the storm continued westward and by 00:00 UTC on September 26, Gaston became extratropical about 345 mi (555 km) west-southwest of Flores Island. The remnant low moved west-southwestward until dissipating about 48 hours later.[72]

Hurricane Ian

Category 5 hurricane (SSHWS)
   
DurationSeptember 23 – September 30
Peak intensity160 mph (260 km/h) (1-min) 937 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Ian

Between September 14 and September 15, a tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa and moved westward for several days with disorganized showers and thunderstorms. Although the system gained additional convection upon reaching the southeastern Caribbean on September 21, wind shear prevented further development. By 06:00 UTC on September 23, however, Tropical Depression Nine formed around 150 mi (240 km) east-northeast of Aruba. The depression moved west-northwestward due to a building mid-level ridge and strengthened into Tropical Storm Ian early the next day. Ian then turned westward and initially failed to intensify further in an environment with moderate to strong wind shear. After curving to the northwest, the storm strengthened into a hurricane early on September 26. Thereafter, Ian rapidly intensified, becoming a major hurricane about 24 hours later. Around 08:30 UTC on September 27, the hurricane made landfall in Cuba near La Coloma, Pinar del Río Province, with winds of 125 mph (205 km/h). The cyclone hardly weakened while crossing Cuba and emerged into the Gulf of Mexico around 14:00 UTC.[30]

Early on September 28, Ian struck Dry Tortugas, Florida, with winds of 125 mph (205 km/h) as the storm headed north-northeastward along a broad trough and the western periphery of a subtropical ridge. Favorable conditions in the Gulf of Mexico then allowed another period of rapid deepening to commence. At 12:00 UTC on September 28, Ian briefly attained Category 5 status and peaked with maximum sustained winds of 160 mph (260 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 937 mbar (27.7 inHg). Less favorable conditions caused Ian to weaken to a Category 4 hurricane prior to its landfall on Cayo Costa Island, Florida, with winds of 150 mph (240 km/h), at 19:05 UTC. About an hour and a half later, the storm struck near Punta Gorda, with winds of 145 mph (230 km/h). The hurricane weakened while slowly traversing the Florida peninsula, falling to tropical storm status while emerging into the Atlantic near Cape Canaveral at 12:00 UTC on September 29. Although most of its convection was displaced north of the center, Ian quickly re-intensified into a hurricane six hours later. Early on September 30, the storm accelerated after turning northward. Ian made its final landfall at 18:05 UTC near Georgetown, South Carolina, with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h). The storm soon merged with a cold front and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone by 00:00 UTC on October 1. Several hours later, the remnants of Ian dissipated over North Carolina.[30]

While in the early stages of developing, the system brought gusty winds and heavy rain to Trinidad and Tobago,[74][75] the ABC islands, and the northern coast of South America on September 21–22.[45] Ian also caused five deaths in Cuba.[30] Much of western portions of the country experienced hurricane-force winds and heavy rainfall, which exceeded 20 in (510 mm) in some areas.[30] Consequently, Ian left extensive impacts to factories, hospitals, roads, tobacco farms, and homes,[76] with more than 100,000 dwellings damaged or destroyed in Pinar del Río Province alone.[30] Three provinces initially lost power, but later the nation's entire electrical grid collapsed.[77] Significant storm surge inundation occurred along the coasts of the Gulf of Guanahacabibes and Isla de la Juventud.[78] Damage in Cuba totaled about $200 million.[79] Storm surge and high winds led to extreme damage in Southwest Florida. Lee County, where Ian made its first landfall in Florida at Category 4 intensity and produced a storm surge which peaked at 7.25 ft (2.21 m) in Fort Myers, reported some degree of impact to 52,514 structures, with 5,369 of those demolished and 14,245 others extensively damaged. Bridges and roadways, especially along the coast or on the barrier islands, also suffered major impacts. In neighboring Collier County, strong winds and storm surge inflicted major damage to more than 3,500 buildings and destroyed 33 others. The outerbands of Ian spawned 14 tornadoes in Florida, including an EF-2 tornado that caused significant damage to some condominiums and injured two people in Kings Point.[80] Ian also produced historic flooding across Central Florida due to a wide swath of rainfall totals generally ranging from 10–20 in (250–510 mm), with Osceola, Seminole, and Volusia counties reporting damage or destruction to thousands of buildings and homes. More than 3.28 million customers across the state lost electricity. An estimated 150 fatalities occurred in Florida, with 36 of the direct deaths reported in Lee County. Later, heavy rainfall and storm surge caused damage from the Carolinas to Maryland, but to a much lesser extent than in Florida. Ian also left five fatalities in North Carolina and one in Virginia, all due to indirect causes. Overall, Ian caused approximately $112.9 billion in damage in the United States, making it the nation's third costliest tropical cyclone.[30]

Tropical Storm Hermine

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
   
DurationSeptember 23 – September 24
Peak intensity40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min) 1003 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Tropical Storm Hermine (2022)

On September 22, a tropical wave being monitored by the NHC emerged off the coast of West Africa into the tropical Atlantic east of Cabo Verde.[45] It quickly organized, becoming Tropical Depression Ten at 12:00 UTC on September 23, and then strengthened into Tropical Storm Hermine six hours later.[44] It is one of few tropical cyclones on record to form and to track between the Cabo Verde Islands and the coast of Africa.[45] Development beyond a weak, 40 mph (65 km/h)-tropical storm was stymied by southwesterly shear into the next day as the system moved northward. On account of the shear, Hermine weakened into a tropical depression at 12:00 UTC on September 24, and degenerated into a post-tropical low within 12 hours, while situated about 240 mi (385 km) northwest of Nouadhibou, Mauritania. The remnant low moved northeastward until degenerating into a surface trough early on September 26 to the southwest of the Canary Islands.[44]

Hermine brought heavy rainfall to the Canary Islands, peaking at 20.87 in (530 mm) on La Palma, while Gran Canaria Airport observed 4.96 in (126 mm), approximately 83% of its average annual precipitation total. The subsequent floods damaged many structures and some roadways, caused power outages impacting several thousands of people,[44] and downed trees. A total of 216 schools experienced some degree of damage, with 24 suffering extensive damage.[81] Landslides blocked roads in about 690 locations. Floodwaters entered four homes in the capital city of Santa Cruz de Tenerife.[82] Additionally, more than 140 flights were cancelled across the archipelago.[83] Damage in the Canary Islands exceeded 10 million euro (US$9.8 million).[84]

Tropical Depression Eleven

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
   
DurationSeptember 28 – September 29
Peak intensity35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min) 1008 mbar (hPa)

On September 17, a tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa. After producing disorganized convective activity for the next few days as the wave headed westward, showers and thunderstorms consolidated enough on September 20 that a low-pressure area formed. The system then moved northward due to a break in a mid-level ridge and eastward by September 27 due to a nearby broad trough. Around 00:00 UTC on September 28, the low organized into Tropical Depression Eleven approximately 600 mi (965 km) west of the Cabo Verde Islands. The depression resumed a general northward motion due to the aforementioned ridge. Despite periodic bursts in deep convection, the depression remained poorly organized due to increasing wind shear. Centered about 800 mi (1,285 km) west of the Cabo Verde Islands, the system degenerated into a remnant low by 12:00 UTC on September 29, which soon transitioned into a trough of low pressure.[46]

Tropical Depression Twelve

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
   
DurationOctober 4 – October 6
Peak intensity35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min) 1007 mbar (hPa)

On September 29, a tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa. Showers and thunderstorms associated with the wave waned during the next few days as it tracked westward. However, a nearby Kelvin wave enhanced the wave's convective activity beginning on October 3. By early the following day, the convection became more concentrated and organized around the center, resulting in the formation of Tropical Depression Twelve around 12:00 UTC about 450 mi (720 km) west-southwest of the Cabo Verde Islands. Moving generally northwestward due to a weakness in a mid-level ridge, the depression encountered strong wind shear, with the center of the cyclone becoming completely exposed from its convection by early the following day. Throughout the day on October 5, the depression's circulation became more elongated. A further increase in wind shear on October 6 caused the depression to degenerate into a surface trough approximately 750 mi (1,205 km) west-northwest of the Cabo Verde Islands. The trough associated with the remnants of the depression became indistinguishable within a few days.[47]

Hurricane Julia

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
   
DurationOctober 7 – October 9 (Exited basin)
Peak intensity85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min) 982 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Julia (2022)

A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa on September 26. While moving westward, the wave remained weak and consisted of little convection for the next few days. Convection became more concentrated as the wave reached the Caribbean, with the system organizing into a tropical depression early on October 7 near Curaçao. A strong burst of deep convection developed near the center of the depression as it moved across the Guajira Peninsula in the early morning of October 7, and soon afterward, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Julia over the adjacent southwestern Caribbean. Thereafter, Julia began moving in a more westward direction along the southern periphery of a building ridge. Low wind shear, high humidity at the mid-levels, and very warm seas caused the storm to intensify into a hurricane at 00:00 UTC on October 9. About six hours later, Julia peaked with maximum sustained winds of 85 mph (140 km/h). The storm then made landfall near Laguna de Perlas, Nicaragua, at 07:15 UTC. Julia's relatively quick movement, as well as its passage across areas comparatively less rugged than to the north, caused the cyclone to only gradually weaken, falling to tropical storm intensity late on October 9. Early the following day, Julia emerged into the Pacific Ocean but quickly dissipated after striking El Salvador several hours later.[48]

On October 5, the disturbance brought heavy thunderstorms to several of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean coast of South America. More than 2 in (51 mm) of rain fell in Trinidad and Tobago in less than a half hour, causing significant flash flooding.[85][86] A few days later, heavy rainfall occurred in northern areas of Venezuela and Colombia, causing widespread flooding. There were 54 indirect flood fatalities in Venezuela. In Central America, flash flooding and associated mudslides caused widespread damage. Nicaragua suffered extensive flood damage totaling about $400 million. Over 1 million people across the country lost electricity during the storm. Additionally, Costa Rica, Honduras, and Panama reported damage to thousands of homes and significant crop losses.[48] Damage in Panama alone totaled least $6 million.[87] Altogether, there were at least 89 Julia-related fatalities: 54 in Venezuela, 14 in Guatemala, 10 in El Salvador, 5 in Nicaragua, 4 in Honduras, and 2 in Panama.[48]

Tropical Storm Karl

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
   
DurationOctober 11 – October 14
Peak intensity60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min) 997 mbar (hPa)

A disturbance associated with the remnants of Julia formed over the Yucatán Peninsula on October 10 and reached the Bay of Campeche on October 11. The system rapidly acquired a well-defined circulation and organized sufficiently to become a tropical depression by 12:00 UTC on October 11, while about 70 mi (110 km) north-northeast of Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, and strengthened into Tropical Storm Karl six hours later. A Hurricane Hunters mission into the storm on October 12 found that Karl's sustained winds had increased to 60 mph (95 km/h) as it moved slowly northward. However, increasing wind shear began to weaken the storm early on October 13 as it stalled over the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Nonetheless, Karl's central pressure began to fall slightly after it began moving south-southeastward as the day progressed. Moderate northwesterly shear and drier mid-level air continued to inhibit Karl from strengthening on October 14.[50] Although satellite images that morning showed that the dense overcast around the storm's low-level center had become more symmetric overnight, with its heavy thunderstorms concentrated to the southeast of the center,[88] dry air and wind shear snuffed out all of Karl's deep convection several hours later. Around 00:00 UTC on October 15, Karl degenerated into a remnant low. The remnants of Karl moved towards Tabasco before dissipating about 24 hours later.[50]

Karl caused significant flooding in southern Mexico, which damaged homes, businesses, and bridges throughout the region. The heaviest rainfall occurred in Tabasco and neighboring Chiapas; Camoapa, Tabasco, recorded 15.3 in (387.9 mm) of rain in 24 hours on October 14–15, while Río de Janeiro, Chiapas, recorded 13.5 in (342.4 mm) during that same period.[50] Numerous families had to be evacuated from their homes because of the flooding,[89] which also forced the evacuation of more than a thousand people attending a religious event in Pichucalco, Chiapas. Additionally, three storm-related fatalities were reported in Chiapas: one in Pichucalco and two in Juárez.[50]

Hurricane Lisa

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
   
DurationOctober 31 – November 5
Peak intensity90 mph (150 km/h) (1-min) 985 mbar (hPa)

On October 17, a tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa. After crossing the Lesser Antilles and entering the Caribbean on October 25, the wave decelerated. Interaction between the wave and a large mid-level trough spawned a broad low-pressure area on October 28. After convection consolidated and a well-defined center formed, the system developed into Tropical Storm Lisa at 12:00 UTC on October 31 about 175 mi (280 km) south of Kingston, Jamaica. Dry air and wind shear allowed for only gradual intensification, although Lisa reached hurricane status on November 2. The storm strengthened slightly further that day, peaking with winds of 90 mph (150 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 985 mbar (29.1 inHg) while making landfall in Belize near the mouth of the Sibun River at 21:30 UTC. Lisa initially weakened quickly over the Yucatán Peninsula, falling to tropical storm intensity around 06:00 UTC on November 3 and then to tropical depression status six hours later. Despite Lisa emerging into the Gulf of Mexico early the following day, unfavorable conditions caused the storm to degenerate into a trough of low-pressure by 12:00 UTC on November 5 about 100 mi (160 km) northeast of Veracruz.[90]

Passing over Belize City as it made landfall on November 2, Lisa generated high winds that knocked down trees and electric poles, and damaged several homes; some structures collapsed completely.[91] Additionally, storm surge and heavy precipitation inundated many areas of the city.[92] Altogether, the 12 shelters set up in Belize City housed 1,221 people.[91] Throughout Belize, the hurricane destroyed about 500 homes and damaged around 5,000 others. Damage in the country totaled roughly $100 million.[90] In Guatemala, Lisa caused flooding and a landslide, which damaged homes and property. About 143 people in the municipalities of Melchor de Mencos and San José were evacuated to shelters.[93] Lisa also brought heavy rains to southern Mexico.[92]

Hurricane Martin

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
   
DurationNovember 1 – November 3
Peak intensity85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min) 965 mbar (hPa)

A surface trough formed on October 25 about halfway between the Bahamas and Bermuda, partially due to a nearby upper-level shortwave trough. Three days later, a non-tropical low-pressure area along the surface trough. Although the low merged with a frontal boundary early on October 30, its remnants caused the development of an extratropical cyclone several hours later. By November 1, the extratropical system shed its frontal characteristics and developed more deep convection. Consequently, Tropical Storm Martin formed about 550 mi (885 km) east-northeast of Bermuda around 12:00 UTC on November 1. Despite only marginally favorable sea temperatures and mid-level moisture, cold upper-level temperatures allowed the storm to strengthen gradually, becoming a Category 1 hurricane about 24 hours later as a ragged eye appeared on satellite imagery. At 06:00 UTC on November 3, Martin peaked with sustained winds of 85 mph (140 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 965 mbar (28.5 inHg). However, the storm became extratropical just six hours later approximately 730 mi (1,175 km) east of Cape Race, Newfoundland, due to its interaction with an approaching cold front. The remnants of Martin moved rapidly northward until being absorbed by a larger extratropical system southeast of Greenland early on November 5.[94]

Hurricane Nicole

Main article: Hurricane Nicole (2022)
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
   
DurationNovember 7 – November 11
Peak intensity75 mph (120 km/h) (1-min) 980 mbar (hPa)

A mid to upper-level trough crossed into western Atlantic from northeastern United States on November 3. After the trough interacted with the Intertropical Convergence Zone on the following day, a large area of convection formed between the eastern Caribbean to just north of the Lesser Antilles. On November 5, a broad low developed just south of Hispaniola, before re-forming north of Puerto Rico on the next day. A further increase in convection led to the formation of Subtropical Storm Nicole early on November 7, roughly 540 mi (870 km) south-southwest of Bermuda. The system initially moved northwestward due to a low to mid-level ridge, before a cold front caused it to move westward to west-southwestward beginning on November 8. Convection consolidated further around the center, resulting in Nicole transitioning into a tropical storm around 18:00 UTC. At 17:00 UTC on November 9, Nicole struck Marsh Harbour, Great Abaco Island, Bahamas, with winds of 70 mph (110 km/h). Several hours later, the storm strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane while simultaneously striking Grand Bahama with winds of 75 mph (120 km/h). At 07:45 UTC on November 10, Nicole made landfall near Vero Beach, Florida, at the same intensity. Nicole quickly weakened to a tropical storm while crossing Central Florida. Later on November 10, the storm briefly emerged into the Gulf of Mexico near Crystal River, before striking Cedar Key and then the mouth of the Aucilla River early the next day. Crossing into southwestern Georgia, the cyclone fell to tropical depression status. By 18:00 UTC on November 11, a mid-latitude trough absorbed Nicole over eastern North Carolina.[52]

Nicole and its precursor produced heavy rainfall over the Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, and the Bahamas.[52] In the Dominican Republic, flooding resulted in six deaths, damaged several hundred homes, and caused extensive agricultural losses.[95] Precipitation totals in Florida generally ranged from 3 to 6 in (76 to 152 mm), leading to only minor flooding. With few observations of hurricane-force winds, mostly light wind damage occurred, although more than 300,000 businesses and households lost electricity due to the storm. However, days of strong on-shore wind flow onto the east coast of Florida produced storm surge that caused severe beach erosion,[52] especially in Brevard, Flagler, St. Johns, and Volusia counties. At least 107 structures suffered damage in Brevard County, with 10 deemed unsafe for occupancy.[96] In Volusia County, almost 50 condominiums collapsed or were at risk of collapsing.[97] Flagler County reported coastal flood damage, along with a loss of about 1,000,000 cubic yards (760,000 m3) of beach sand and sand dunes. A total of 299 structures experienced some degree of impact in St. Johns County, mostly due to erosion.[98] Five indirect deaths occurred in Florida. Nicole and its remnants produced widespread, but mostly light precipitation across the Eastern United States and Atlantic Canada, although 7.88 in (200 mm) of rain fell near Foscoe, North Carolina. Storm surge caused coastal flooding as far north as Charleston, South Carolina.[32] Damage throughout the United States totaled approximately $1 billion.[52]

Other system

 
Potential Tropical Cyclone Four off the northeastern coast of Mexico on August 20

On August 15, the NHC first noted the potential for tropical cyclone development in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico from a tropical wave that was located over the central Caribbean.[99] The low emerged over the Gulf early on August 19 producing disorganized showers.[100] Due to the threat the developing system posed to northeastern Mexico and South Texas, the NHC initiated advisories on it as Potential Tropical Cyclone Four at 21:00 UTC that same day.[39] As the disturbance moved northwestward toward the Gulf coast of Mexico on August 20, a Hurricane Hunters mission found that it was still a surface trough.[101] Later that day, it moved inland, crossing the coast about 60 mi (95 km) southwest of the mouth of the Rio Grande.[102] With that, the window of opportunity for tropical development closed, and the NHC issued its last advisory on the system at 03:00 UTC on August 21.[39] The disturbance brought heavy rain to coastal Tamaulipas and coastal South Texas,[102] but no significant impacts associated with the disturbance were reported.[39]

Storm names

Main articles: Tropical cyclone naming, History of tropical cyclone naming, and List of historic tropical cyclone names

The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the North Atlantic in 2022. The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2028 season.[103] This is the same list used in the 2016 season, with the exceptions of Martin and Owen, which replaced Matthew and Otto, respectively.[104] The name Martin was used for the first time this season.

  • Owen (unused)
  • Paula (unused)
  • Richard (unused)
  • Shary (unused)
  • Tobias (unused)
  • Virginie (unused)
  • Walter (unused)

Retirement

See also: List of retired Atlantic hurricane names

On March 29, 2023, during the 45th Session of the RA IV Hurricane Committee, the World Meteorological Organization retired the names Fiona and Ian from its rotating name lists due to the catastrophic damages they caused, and they will never be used again for another Atlantic hurricane. They will be replaced with Farrah and Idris for the 2028 season.[105]

Season effects

This is a table of all of the storms that formed in the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their duration (within the basin), names, areas affected, damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 2022 USD.

Saffir–Simpson scale
TD TS C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
2022 North Atlantic tropical cyclone season statistics
Storm
name 		Dates active Storm category
at peak intensity 		Max 1-min
wind
mph (km/h) 		Min.
press.
(mbar) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Ref(s)
Alex June 5–6 Tropical storm 70 (110) 984 Yucatán Peninsula, Western Cuba, Florida, Northern Bahamas, Bermuda $104,000 4 [53][56]
Bonnie July 1–2 Tropical storm 60 (95) 996 Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, ABC Islands, Venezuela, Colombia, San Andres Island, Central America (Nicaragua; before crossover) $25 million 4 [36]
Colin July 1–2 Tropical storm 40 (65) 1011 Southeastern United States (South Carolina) None 1 [37]
Danielle September 1–8 Category 1 hurricane 85 (140) 972 Western Iberian Peninsula Unknown None
Earl September 2–10 Category 2 hurricane 110 (175) 948 Northern Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Bermuda, Newfoundland Minimal 2 [42]
Fiona September 14–23 Category 4 hurricane 140 (220) 931 Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe), Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Eastern Bahamas, Turks and Caicos Islands, Bermuda, Eastern Canada >$3.68 billion 7 (22) [29][71]
Gaston September 20–25 Tropical storm 65 (100) 994 Azores None None
Ian September 23–30 Category 5 hurricane 160 (260) 937 Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, Colombia, ABC islands, Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Southeastern United States (Florida and South Carolina) >$113.1 billion ≥69 (92) [30][79]
Hermine September 23–24 Tropical storm 40 (65) 1003 Canary Islands $9.8 million None [84]
Eleven September 28–29 Tropical depression 35 (55) 1008 None None None
Twelve October 4–6 Tropical depression 35 (55) 1007 None None None
Julia October 7–9 Category 1 hurricane 85 (140) 982 Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, ABC Islands, Colombia, Central America (Nicaragua; before crossover) >$406 million 35 (54) [48][87]
Karl October 11–14 Tropical storm 60 (95) 997 Southern Mexico Unknown 3 [50]
Lisa October 31 – November 5 Category 1 hurricane 90 (150) 985 Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Central America (Belize) $100 million None [90]
Martin November 1–3 Category 1 hurricane 85 (140) 965 None None None
Nicole November 7–11 Category 1 hurricane 75 (120) 980 Greater Antilles, Bahamas, Eastern United States (Florida), Atlantic Canada, Quebec >$1 billion 0 (11) [52]
Season aggregates
16 systems June 5 – November 11   160 (260) 931 >$118.29 billion 125 (179)  

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The "strength" of a tropical cyclone is measured by the minimum barometric pressure, not wind speed. Most meteorological organizations rate the intensity of a storm by this figure, so the lower the minimum pressure of the storm, the more intense or "stronger" it is considered to be. The strongest winds were actually from Ian, at 160 mph (260 km/h).
  2. ^ According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the long-term (1991-2020) seasonal averages are: 14 named storms, 7 hurricanes, and 3 major hurricanes.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for November 2022 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. December 1, 2022. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
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External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2022 Atlantic hurricane season.
  • National Hurricane Center Website
  • National Hurricane Center's Atlantic Tropical Weather Outlook
  • Tropical Cyclone Formation Probability Guidance Product

May 04, 2023
2022, atlantic, hurricane, season, first, season, since, 1997, which, tropical, cyclones, formed, august, first, season, record, during, niña, year, fairly, average, hurricane, season, with, average, number, named, storms, slightly, above, average, number, hur. The 2022 Atlantic hurricane season was the first season since 1997 in which no tropical cyclones formed in August and the first season on record to do so during a La Nina year It was a fairly average hurricane season with an average number of named storms a slightly above average number of hurricanes a slightly below average number of major hurricanes which are Category 3 or higher on the 5 level Saffir Simpson scale and a near normal accumulated cyclone energy ACE index nb 2 Despite this it became one of the costliest Atlantic hurricane seasons on record mostly due to Hurricane Ian There were 14 named storms during the season Eight of them strengthened into a hurricane and two reached major hurricane intensity The season officially began on June 1 and ended on November 30 These dates adopted by convention historically describe the period in each year when most subtropical or tropical cyclogenesis occurs in the Atlantic Ocean 2 This year s first Atlantic named storm Tropical Storm Alex developed five days after the start of the season making this the first season since 2014 not to have a pre season named storm 2022 Atlantic hurricane seasonSeason summary mapSeasonal boundariesFirst system formedJune 5 2022Last system dissipatedNovember 11 2022Strongest stormNameFiona nb 1 Maximum winds140 mph 220 km h 1 minute sustained Lowest pressure931 mbar hPa 27 49 inHg Seasonal statisticsTotal depressions16Total storms14Hurricanes8Major hurricanes Cat 3 2Total fatalities304 totalTotal damage gt 118 286 billion 2022 USD Third costliest tropical cyclone season on record Related articlesTimeline of the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season 2022 Pacific hurricane season 2022 Pacific typhoon season 2022 North Indian Ocean cyclone seasonAtlantic hurricane seasons2020 2021 2022 2023 2024Two systems developed on July 1 Tropical Storm Bonnie formed and made landfall near the Costa Rica Nicaragua border It then crossed over into the Pacific basin becoming the first to survive the crossover from the Atlantic to the Pacific since Hurricane Otto in 2016 Also Tropical Storm Colin formed abruptly and made landfall in South Carolina before quickly weakening and dissipating the next day Following this activity tropical cyclogenesis was suppressed across the basin for several weeks by a combination of high wind shear drier air and the presence of the Saharan Air Layer After an almost 60 day lull in tropical cyclone activity hurricanes Danielle and Earl formed on September 1 and 3 respectively with Danielle becoming the season s first hurricane The last season to have its first hurricane develop this late was 2013 Activity then increased tremendously towards the end of September as four named storms formed in quick succession Among them Hurricane Fiona became the season s first major hurricane on September 20 which is about three weeks later than when the first one typically forms 3 As an extratropical cyclone it became the strongest storm in Canadian history as measured by atmospheric pressure and caused significant damage in Atlantic Canada Hurricane Ian then became the second major hurricane of the season on September 27 and the only Category 5 of the season on September 28 before inflicting an estimated 113 1 billion in damage to western Cuba Southwestern and Central Florida and the Carolinas Hurricane Julia formed in early October and became the second storm of the season to cross over into the Pacific basin intact after traversing Nicaragua making this season the first to have more than one crossover system since 1996 The last storm in the season Hurricane Nicole made landfall on the coasts of the Bahamas and Florida It was the first November hurricane to make landfall in Florida since Kate in 1985 and caused about 1 billion in damage in areas devastated by Ian six weeks earlier Tropical cyclones during this season collectively caused at least 304 deaths and more than 118 29 billion in damage making it one of the costliest seasons on record Most forecasting agencies anticipated a well above average season due to warmer than normal sea surface temperatures and a favorable El Nino Southern Oscillation pattern limiting the chances of El Nino developing While conducive conditions such as warmer sea surface temperatures and a La Nina came to fruition the unfavorable wind shear pattern and Saharan Air Layer suppressed tropical cyclogenesis through much of July and the entirety of August with the latter typically being among the most active climatologically Contents 1 Seasonal forecasts 1 1 Pre season forecasts 1 2 Mid season forecasts 2 Seasonal summary 3 Systems 3 1 Tropical Storm Alex 3 2 Tropical Storm Bonnie 3 3 Tropical Storm Colin 3 4 Hurricane Danielle 3 5 Hurricane Earl 3 6 Hurricane Fiona 3 7 Tropical Storm Gaston 3 8 Hurricane Ian 3 9 Tropical Storm Hermine 3 10 Tropical Depression Eleven 3 11 Tropical Depression Twelve 3 12 Hurricane Julia 3 13 Tropical Storm Karl 3 14 Hurricane Lisa 3 15 Hurricane Martin 3 16 Hurricane Nicole 3 17 Other system 4 Storm names 4 1 Retirement 5 Season effects 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External linksSeasonal forecasts EditPredictions of tropical activity in the 2022 season Source Date Namedstorms Hurricanes Majorhurricanes RefAverage 1991 2020 14 4 7 2 3 2 4 Record high activity 30 15 7 5 Record low activity 4 2 0 5 CSU December 9 2021 13 16 6 8 2 3 6 TSR December 10 2021 18 8 3 7 TSR April 6 2022 18 8 4 8 CSU April 7 2022 19 9 4 9 TWC April 14 2022 20 8 4 10 UA April 14 2022 14 7 3 11 NCSU April 20 2022 17 21 7 9 3 5 12 PSU May 9 2022 11 19 N A N A 13 UKMO May 23 2022 18 9 4 14 NOAA May 24 2022 14 21 6 10 3 6 15 TSR May 31 2022 18 8 4 16 CSU June 2 2022 20 10 5 17 TWC June 17 2022 21 9 4 18 UA June 20 2022 15 7 3 19 TSR July 5 2022 18 9 4 20 CSU July 7 2022 20 10 5 21 UKMO August 2 2022 16 6 4 22 NOAA August 4 2022 14 20 6 10 3 5 23 CSU August 4 2022 18 8 4 23 TWC August 18 2022 17 7 3 24 Actual activity 14 8 2 June November only Most recent of several such occurrences See all In advance of and during each hurricane season several forecasts of hurricane activity are issued by national meteorological services scientific agencies and noted hurricane experts These include forecasters from the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA s Climate Prediction Center Tropical Storm Risk TSR the United Kingdom s Met Office UKMO and Philip J Klotzbach and their associates at Colorado State University CSU The forecasts include weekly and monthly changes in significant factors that help determine the number of tropical storms hurricanes and major hurricanes within a particular year According to NOAA and CSU the average Atlantic hurricane season between 1991 and 2020 contained roughly 14 tropical storms seven hurricanes three major hurricanes and an accumulated cyclone energy ACE index of 74 126 units 25 Broadly speaking ACE is a measure of the power of a tropical or subtropical storm multiplied by the length of time it existed It is only calculated for full advisories on specific tropical and subtropical systems reaching or exceeding wind speeds of 39 mph 63 km h 4 NOAA typically categorizes a season as above average average or below average based on the cumulative ACE index but the number of tropical storms hurricanes and major hurricanes within a hurricane season is sometimes also considered 4 Pre season forecasts Edit On December 9 2021 CSU issued an extended range forecast for the 2022 hurricane season giving a 40 chance of near average activity with 13 16 named storms 6 8 hurricanes 2 3 major hurricanes and an ACE index of about 130 units The forecast also gave a 25 chance that the ACE Index would end up being around 170 units and a 25 likelihood the likelihood that the index would end up around 80 6 TSR also issued an extended range forecast on December 10 2021 7 It predicted overall near average tropical activity with its ACE index anticipating 18 tropical storms 8 hurricanes and 3 intense hurricanes to form during the season One of their factors was the expectation of a neutral El Nino Southern Oscillation condition by the third quarter of 2022 This outlook had large uncertainties 7 In their April 6 2022 forecast TSR s number of named storms remained unchanged while they slightly increased the number of major hurricane from three to four 8 On the following day CSU issued their first extended range seasonal forecast for the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season predicting well above average activity with 19 named storms 9 hurricanes 4 major hurricanes and an ACE index of 160 units Their factors supporting an active hurricane season included above average sea surface temperatures in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea and a cool neutral ENSO or weak La Nina pattern corresponding to a low chance of an El Nino 9 The Weather Channel TWC issued their first seasonal forecast on April 14 calling for 20 named storms 8 hurricanes and 4 major hurricanes 10 On the same day the University of Arizona UA issued its seasonal prediction for a slightly above average hurricane season with 14 named storms 7 hurricanes 3 major hurricanes and an ACE index of 129 units 11 North Carolina State University NCSU made its prediction for the season on April 20 calling for an above average season with 17 to 21 named storms 7 to 9 hurricanes and 3 to 5 major hurricanes 12 On May 9 Pennsylvania State University predicted 14 9 3 8 tropical storms or a range of 11 to 19 named storms 13 On May 23 UKMO issued their own forecast for the 2022 season predicting an above average season with 18 named storms 9 hurricanes and 4 major hurricanes with a 70 chance that each of these statistics will fall between 13 and 23 6 and 12 and 2 and 6 respectively 14 The following day NOAA s Climate Prediction Center issued their forecasts for the season predicting a 65 chance of above average activity and 25 chance for below average activity with 14 21 named storms 6 10 hurricanes and 3 6 major hurricanes 15 TSR released another prediction on May 31 that was unchanged from its April 6 forecast 18 named storms 8 hurricanes and 4 major hurricanes 16 Mid season forecasts Edit On June 2 CSU updated their extended range seasonal forecast increasing the amount of tropical cyclones to 20 named storms 10 hurricanes 5 major hurricanes and an overall ACE index of 180 units This was done after later analysis of lower chances of an El Nino during the season as well as a warmer than average tropical Atlantic 17 TWC s second outlook released on June 17 slightly increased the number of named storms to 21 and hurricanes to 9 but left the number of major hurricanes at 4 18 On June 20 2022 UA updated its seasonal prediction which is very similar to its April prediction with 15 named storms 7 hurricanes 3 major hurricanes and an ACE index of 131 units 19 On July 5 TSR released their third forecast for the season slightly increasing their numbers to 18 named storms 9 hurricanes and 4 major hurricanes This prediction was largely based on the persistence of the weak La Nina into the third quarter of the year 20 On July 7 CSU did not make changes to their updated prediction of 20 named storms 10 hurricanes and 5 major hurricanes 21 UKMO s updated forecast on August 2 called for 16 named storms 6 hurricanes and 4 major hurricanes 22 Two days later NOAA and CSU each revised their activity outlook slightly downward though both still predicted that the season would end up being busier than the 30 year average The revisions were made in part because of the relative slow start to the season as compared to the past few years with only three short lived named storms as of the start of August 23 The third and final TWC seasonal forecast issued on August 18 decreased the number of named storms to 17 hurricanes to 7 and major hurricanes to 3 24 Seasonal summary EditFor a chronological guide see Timeline of the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season Tropical Storm Earl bottom left and Hurricane Danielle top right on September 5 Officially the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season ran from June 1 to November 30 13 A total of 16 tropical cyclones developed 14 of which intensified into named storms Of those eight strengthened into a hurricane while two systems reached major hurricane intensity Thus the season was near average compared to NOAA s 1991 2020 mean of 14 named storms 7 hurricanes and 3 major hurricanes 1 The near average number of named storms ended the record six year streak of above average activity in the Atlantic 26 A strong La Nina and slightly above normal West African Monsoon season led to the mostly average activity However intense wind shear and the suppression of moisture in the atmosphere by the Saharan Air Layer led to an unusual mid season cessation in tropical cyclogenesis that lasted nearly two months 27 28 with no named storms in the Atlantic between July 3 and August 31 for the first time since 1941 26 Hurricanes Fiona and Ian inflicted historically significant impacts on certain areas After Fiona caused a few billion dollars in damage in Puerto Rico its remnants struck Nova Scotia as a powerful extratropical cyclone becoming the costliest weather disaster on record in Atlantic Canada 29 Ian became both the costliest Florida hurricane and the third costliest on record in the United States behind only Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and Hurricane Harvey in 2017 Additionally 150 fatalities occurred in Florida 30 making Ian the deadliest tropical cyclone in the state since the 1935 Labor Day hurricane 26 Collectively the tropical cyclones of the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season caused at least 304 fatalities and more than 181 29 billion in damage 31 making it one of the costliest seasons of all time 32 This season s ACE index as calculated by Colorado State University using data from the NHC was approximately 95 1 units 33 which was 77 of the long term 30 year average of 123 1 The ACE number represents the sum of the squares of the maximum sustained wind speed knots for all named storms while they are at least tropical storm intensity divided by 10 000 Therefore tropical depressions are not included 9 Four tropical cyclones active simultaneously on September 23 Hurricane Fiona top left Tropical Storm Gaston top right Tropical Storm Hermine bottom right and Tropical Depression Nine bottom left which ultimately became Hurricane Ian The wave that would later spawn Tropical Depression Eleven can be seen to the left of Hermine Overall NOAA Hurricane Hunters logged more than 582 flight hours while conducting 65 eyewall passages and deploying more than 1 700 scientific instruments including dropsondes Additionally the Gulfstream IV SP took off from the Cabo Verde Islands in August becoming the easternmost hurricane hunter flight NOAA also launched an Altius 600 for the first time which recorded wind speed data on Hurricane Ian as it approached landfall in Florida Crews of flights conducted by the National Ocean Service took thousands of aerial images of the destruction caused by Ian which especially assisted with identifying pollutants and areas requiring extensive marine debris cleanup NOAA s King Air and Twin Otter aircraft were also involved in a similar mission in the aftermath of Ian and Hurricane Nicole logging more than 41 flight hours 27 The 2022 season was the first season since 2014 to not have a pre season named storm Activity began with the formation of Tropical Storm Alex on June 5 after several days of slow development while traversing the Gulf of Mexico and then moving over Central Florida 34 The storm peaked at near hurricane strength before becoming extratropical on the following day over the Central North Atlantic On July 1 Tropical Storm Bonnie formed in the Southern Caribbean Sea and made landfall shortly thereafter near the Costa Rica Nicaragua border It then crossed over into the Pacific basin a day later the first storm to do so since Hurricane Otto in 2016 35 where it would become a Category 3 hurricane 36 Also on July 1 a low pressure system off the U S Atlantic coast near Savannah Georgia abruptly organized into Tropical Storm Colin a short lived storm that dissipated the next day inland over northeastern South Carolina 37 Tropical cyclogenesis then ceased for almost two months with 2022 becoming the first season since 1997 in which no tropical cyclones formed in August 38 One disturbance over the Gulf of Mexico during the middle of the month was briefly designated as a potential tropical cyclone but it did not organize into a tropical cyclone before moving inland over Northeastern Mexico 39 List of costliest Atlantic hurricane seasons as of 2022 Rank Cost Season1 294 803 billion 20172 172 297 billion 20053 120 425 billion 20224 80 727 billion 20215 72 341 billion 20126 61 148 billion 20047 51 114 billion 20208 50 526 billion 20189 48 855 billion 200810 27 302 billion 1992Tropical activity ultimately resumed with the formation of Tropical Storm Danielle over the central Atlantic on September 1 The storm intensified into a hurricane the following day the latest first hurricane since 2013 40 It remained nearly stationary far to the west of the Azores for several days before moving northeastward and becoming extratropical on September 8 without affecting any land areas 41 Additionally a slow developing disturbance east of the Lesser Antilles became organized and developed into Tropical Storm Earl late on September 2 It strengthened into a hurricane tracked east of Bermuda fluctuating between Category 1 and 2 intensity and then became extratropical near Newfoundland on September 10 42 Four days later Tropical Storm Fiona formed in the Central Atlantic Fiona eventually became a hurricane striking both Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic before becoming the season s first major hurricane as it passed by the Turks and Caicos Islands on September 20 That same day Tropical Storm Gaston formed over the Central Atlantic and moved through the Western Azores Fiona strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane as it passed west of Bermuda and transitioned into a powerful extratropical cyclone on September 23 just before striking Nova Scotia 29 That same day Tropical Depression Nine formed in the Caribbean Sea and Tropical Depression Ten formed in the eastern tropical Atlantic marking the first time since 2020 that four tropical cyclones were active simultaneously in the Atlantic basin 43 Tropical Depression Nine became Hurricane Ian the most deadly and destructive storm of the season and its strongest in terms of winds Ian made landfall in western Cuba and crossed the Florida Keys as a Category 3 hurricane before briefly becoming a Category 5 hurricane It then made landfall in southwestern Florida as a high end Category 4 hurricane and later in South Carolina as a Category 1 30 Tropical Depression Ten attained tropical storm strength first becoming Tropical Storm Hermine 44 It was one of the easternmost Atlantic tropical storms on record 45 and brought heavy rainfall to the Canary Islands 44 Next Tropical Depression Eleven formed during the last week in September and then Tropical Depression Twelve formed one week later Ultimately neither cyclone strengthened into a tropical storm 46 47 Soon thereafter Hurricane Julia formed just off the coast of Venezuela on October 7 After traversing Nicaragua intact Julia entered the Pacific basin 48 Not since 1996 has more than one storm crossed between the Atlantic and Pacific basins intact during a single season 49 On October 11 Tropical Storm Karl formed in the Bay of Campeche moved erratically over open waters before degenerating into a remnant low offshore of Mexico three days later 50 Two systems were at hurricane strength on November 2 Lisa in the Caribbean and Martin in the central Atlantic Thus for the first time since Michelle and Noel in 2001 two Atlantic hurricanes were at hurricane strength simultaneously during November 51 Soon thereafter Hurricane Nicole formed on November 7 also tying 2001 for the most hurricanes in November with three 26 Nicole impacted the Greater Antilles the Bahamas and the Eastern United States becoming the first hurricane to strike Florida in the month of November since Hurricane Kate in 1985 32 The storm was absorbed by a trough over North Carolina on November 11 ending activity for the season 52 Systems EditTropical Storm Alex Edit Tropical storm SSHWS DurationJune 5 June 6Peak intensity70 mph 110 km h 1 min 984 mbar hPa Main article Tropical Storm Alex 2022 In late May the mid level remnants of Hurricane Agatha in the Pacific basin interacted with a Central American Gyre Consequently a gradual increase in deep convection occurred over the Yucatan Peninsula and the northwestern Caribbean Sea which led to the development of a low pressure area just north of the Belize Mexico border on June 2 After emerging into the southeastern Gulf of Mexico early the next day the disturbance made multiple attempts at organizing into a tropical cyclone and attained tropical storm force winds However strong wind shear kept the system disorganized before it struck Southwest Florida on June 4 Several hours later the disturbance emerged into the Atlantic where it to develop into Tropical Storm Alex at 00 00 UTC on June 5 about 85 mi 135 km north of Grand Bahama Additional intensification occurred as Alex moved east northeastward due to mid latitude westerly flow reaching sustained winds of 70 mph 110 km h around 18 00 UTC However drier air caused Alex to weaken on the following day with the storm transitioning into an extratropical cyclone at 12 00 UTC roughly 105 mi 170 km north northwest of Bermuda The remnants of Alex were absorbed by a baroclinic zone early on June 7 53 Due to the threat the developing system posed to Cuba the Florida Keys and South Florida the National Hurricane Center initiated advisories on it designating it as Potential Tropical Cyclone One The precursor to Alex dropped heavy precipitation in these regions 53 During a 30 hour period on June 2 3 Paso Real de San Diego in the province of Pinar del Rio recorded about 12 inches 301 mm of rain and Playa Giron in Matanzas received over 8 inches 193 mm 54 There were four storm related deaths in Cuba while about 750 homes 7 900 acres 3 200 ha of crops 53 and numerous bridges suffered flood damage 55 In Florida several locations in the Upper Keys and the Miami metropolitan area observed between 10 and 15 in 250 and 380 mm of rainfall with a peak total of 15 28 in 388 mm near Hollywood Extensive street flooding occurred in the Miami area but water entered few properties Across Broward and Miami Dade counties combined there were about 3 500 power outages 53 Damage from the precursor to Alex in Florida totaled 104 000 56 Tropical Storm Bonnie Edit Tropical storm SSHWS DurationJuly 1 July 2 Exited basin Peak intensity60 mph 95 km h 1 min 996 mbar hPa Main article Hurricane Bonnie 2022 A low altitude tropical wave entered the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa on June 22 producing a large but disorganized area of showers and thunderstorms Thunderstorm activity increased by June 27 while a NOAA Hurricane Hunters mission reported tropical storm force winds but no well defined closed circulation However due to the threat the system posed to the Lesser Antilles the NHC initiated advisories on it as Potential Tropical Cyclone Two later that same day Later after crossing the southern Windward Islands on June 28 and passing near the coast of Venezuela on the following day the disturbance encountered more favorable conditions but failed to develop a distinct low level circulation due to its fast forward speed and interaction with land As the disturbance moved toward Central America on the morning of July 1 it became sufficiently organized to be classified as Tropical Storm Bonnie 36 Embedded in an environment of low wind shear and warm seas Bonnie started to steadily intensify 57 At 03 00 UTC on July 2 Bonnie made landfall near the Costa Rica Nicaragua border at its peak intensity within the Atlantic with sustained winds of 60 mph 95 km h Bonnie then crossed Central America and exited into the Eastern Pacific basin around 12 00 UTC on July 2 36 Bonnie and its precursor disturbance produced gusty winds and heavy rainfall as it tracked through the southern Caribbean 58 On Trinidad floodwaters damaged at least 40 homes in one village and left approximately 200 000 people without potable water 36 Heavy rainfall and landslides in Panama led to the evacuation of several families in Chiriqui Province 59 In Costa Rica over 3 000 people evacuated as a result of flooding and mudslides 36 while 8 593 households lost electricity 60 Over 10 000 people lost power during the storm in Nicaragua Four deaths occurred in the country three after being swept away in rising rivers and one while attempting to rescue other people from a bus being carried away Overall Bonnie caused about 25 million in damage throughout the impacted regions 36 Tropical Storm Colin Edit Tropical storm SSHWS DurationJuly 1 July 2Peak intensity40 mph 65 km h 1 min 1011 mbar hPa A low pressure are formed along a surface trough offshore Savannah Georgia on July 1 The system then unexpectedly organized into a tropical depression around 18 00 UTC that day and strengthened into Tropical Storm Colin at 23 30 UTC as it made landfall near Hunting Island South Carolina Simultaneously Colined peaked with maximum sustained winds of 40 mph 65 km h The center of the storm remained just inland over coastal South Carolina on July 2 though most of its heavy rains and strong winds remained out over the Atlantic due to its proximity to the coast and wind shear 37 Colin became increasingly disorganized later that day with its circulation becoming elongated due to the wind shear and continued land interaction 61 By 18 00 UTC on July 2 Colin fell to tropical depression intensity The storm continued to weaken rapidly and its low level circulation dissipated over northeastern South Carolina by the end of that day 37 A few locations from northeast Florida to southeastern North Carolina observed 3 to 4 in 76 to 102 mm of precipitation In South Carolina rainfall amounts ranged from 1 3 in 25 76 mm in parts of the Midlands region to a peak total of 7 59 in 193 mm near Wadmalaw Island 37 A Fourth of July weekend event in Charleston was cancelled because of flooding at the event site as was a festival in Southport North Carolina 62 However only minor damage occurred overall One person drowned offshore Oak Island North Carolina due to rip currents generated by Colin 37 Hurricane Danielle Edit Category 1 hurricane SSHWS DurationSeptember 1 September 8Peak intensity85 mph 140 km h 1 min 972 mbar hPa Main article Hurricane Danielle 2022 On August 31 an area of low pressure formed along a decaying frontal zone over the central subtropical Atlantic The disturbance quickly developed into Tropical Depression Five early on September 1 roughly 715 mi 1 150 km southeast of Cape Race Newfoundland before strengthening into Tropical Storm Danielle by 12 00 UTC Favorable conditions such as abnormally warm seas and light wind shear allowed Danielle to become a hurricane around 24 hours later The hurricane stalled on September 2 caught south of a blocking high and weakened back to a tropical storm the next day due to upwelling of cooler waters Later the storm drifted westward where it again strengthened into a hurricane early on September 4 After turning northwestward Danielle reached its peak intensity with sustained winds of 85 mph 140 km h late the following day 41 It then moved over a relatively cool part of the Gulf Stream and weakened to a low end Category 1 hurricane 63 The hurricane briefly re intensified when it moved over marginally warm waters on September 7 but resumed a weakening trend shortly thereafter 64 Danielle weakened to a tropical storm early on September 8 before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone later that day The remnant extratropical system meandered over the northeastern Atlantic before dissipating offshore Portugal on September 15 41 The remnants of Danielle dissipated offshore Portugal as an extratropical cyclone bringing heavy rain to the country including 3 3 in 84 mm of precipitation in Guarda in 24 hours 41 Between September 12 13 644 accidents were reported throughout the country along with many instances of downed trees and flash floods 65 In Manteigas which had been ravaged by intense summer forest fires in nearby areas of the Serra da Estrela mountain range floods and landslides caused major damage and at least four vehicles were dragged into the Zezere River Portuguese authorities also reported minor wind and flood damage in Lisbon and Setubal 66 Much of Spain was put on yellow alert as wind rain and thunderstorms triggered by the cyclone moved inland 67 Hurricane Earl Edit Category 2 hurricane SSHWS DurationSeptember 2 September 10Peak intensity110 mph 175 km h 1 min 948 mbar hPa Main article Hurricane Earl 2022 On August 25 a tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa Convective activity remained sporadic and disorganized for several days as the wave moved generally west northwestward through an environment of dry air and unfavorable wind shear However convection markedly increased on September 1 as the system approached warm waters near the Lesser Antilles Late on the following day the system organized into Tropical Storm Earl approximately 205 mi 330 km east of Barbuda Continuously unconducive wind shear prevented significant intensification before Earl turned northward on September 5 through a break in a subtropical ridge over the central Atlantic Possibly due to a diffluent environment and favorable thermodynamic conditions Earl intensified into a hurricane late on September 6 The storm briefly strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane early on September 8 but then weakened later that day likely due to dry air 42 Around 12 00 UTC on September 9 Earl re strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane About 12 hours later the hurricane peaked with sustained winds of 110 mph 175 km h and a minimum barometric pressure of 948 mbar 28 0 inHg as it accelerated northeastward in advance of a mid latitude trough However Earl soon began losing tropical characteristics and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone around 18 00 UTC on September 10 about 230 mi 370 km south of Cape Race Newfoundland The extratropical remnants executed a cyclonic loop south of Newfoundland before moving generally eastward across the Atlantic before dissipating late on September 15 42 The outerbands of Earl produced rainfall amounts generally ranging from 3 to 5 in 76 to 127 mm in eastern Puerto Rico while a weather station near Finca La Loma recorded a peak total of 7 7 in 200 mm of precipitation Two people died near Salinas after being struck by lightning while riding a jet ski Bermuda was buffeted with sustained winds of 35 mph 60 km h as Hurricane Earl passed within about 90 mi 145 km of the island s eastern coast higher gusts were reported including one of 67 mph 108 km h at the National Museum of Bermuda 42 There were localized power outages across the archipelago but no large scale damage was observed 68 During a 36 hour period September 10 12 7 8 in 175 200 mm of rain fell in the St Johns area of Newfoundland and Labrador 69 causing the Waterford River to overflow which led to urban flooding Similar rainfall amounts were also reported in communities throughout the Avalon Peninsula Additionally the cyclone generated rough surf which damaged the breakwater on the coast in the area of Trepassey causing localized flooding 42 Hurricane Fiona Edit Category 4 hurricane SSHWS DurationSeptember 14 September 23Peak intensity140 mph 220 km h 1 min 931 mbar hPa Main article Hurricane Fiona A tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa and entered the Atlantic on September 7 Although shower and thunderstorm activity was initially organized dry air significantly limited convection as the wave trekked westward for several days However convection began increasing on September 12 and consolidating late on September 13 A well defined circulation formed early the following day leading to the development of a tropical depression approximately 1 035 mi 1 665 km east of the Lesser Antilles Although the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Fiona later on September 14 wind shear prevented further significant intensification for a few days as the storm continued to move generally westward Late on September 16 Fiona struck Guadeloupe with winds of 60 mph 95 km h After entering the Caribbean the cyclone encountered decreasing wind shear allowing it to intensify into a hurricane on September 18 At 19 20 UTC Fiona made landfall in the Lajas municipality of Puerto Rico near Punta Tocon with winds of 85 mph 140 km h The storm quickly emerged into the Mona Passage and moved west northwestward until striking the Dominican Republic near Boca de Yuma with winds of 90 mph 150 km h around 07 30 UTC on September 19 29 Fiona emerged into the Atlantic from the north coast of the Dominican Republic later on September 19 and soon intensified into a Category 2 hurricane The storm then reached Category 3 intensity early on the following day prior to striking Grand Turk Island around 11 00 UTC Thereafter Fiona moved north northeastward due to a weakness in the subtropical ridge and strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane early on September 21 At that time the cyclone peaked with sustained winds of 140 mph 220 km h Although sustained winds then decreased slightly the storm s minimum pressure fell to 931 mbar 27 5 inHg early on September 23 Fiona also expanded significantly that day while passing about 115 mi 185 km northwest of Bermuda around 10 00 UTC The storm accelerated northeastward and then north northeastward while merging with a cold front several hours later with Fiona becoming extratropical by 00 00 UTC on September 24 approximately 220 mi 355 km southeast of Halifax Nova Scotia The remnants of Fiona remained intense and struck Nova Scotia around 07 00 UTC that day and then extreme eastern Quebec on September 25 several hours before reaching the Labrador Sea The extratropical cyclone dissipated just offshore Nuuk Greenland late on September 27 29 Several of the Leeward Islands recorded tropical storm force winds and heavy rainfall with up to 22 22 in 564 mm of precipitation on Guadeloupe leading to one death after the overflowing Riviere des Peres swept away a house 29 Still recovering from the effects of Hurricane Maria in 2017 and saturated from precipitation produced by Earl 70 torrential rains fell island wide on Puerto Rico on September 18 19 exceeding 30 in 760 mm in some regions causing destructive flash flooding landslides and rockfalls that washed out or blocked numerous roads and bridges In addition the effects of the storm resulted in an island wide power grid failure A loss of approximately 90 of commercial crops also occurred Overall Fiona caused 23 deaths and about 2 5 billion in damage in Puerto Rico making Fiona the island s third costliest tropical cyclone on record In the Dominican Republic heavy rainfall and hurricane force winds destroyed more than 2 000 homes and damaged about 8 500 others displacing over 43 000 people More than 400 000 people lost electricity and 1 2 million people experienced a disruption of water services Two deaths occurred in the country 29 while damage totaled approximately 375 million 71 In the Turks and Caicos Islands strong winds downed many trees and power poles and damaged some homes Similar impacts were reported in Bermuda along with approximately 29 000 customers losing electricity In Atlantic Canada strong winds felled thousands of power lines and trees across the region leaving over 500 000 customers without electricity and causing significant damage to roofs and windows in Nova Scotia Large waves and storm surge demolished more than 100 homes in southwestern Newfoundland and flooded many dwellings and businesses on the Magdalen Islands Eight deaths were reported in Atlantic Canada while insured losses alone reached 800 million making the remnants of Fiona the costliest weather disaster in the region s history 29 Tropical Storm Gaston Edit Tropical storm SSHWS DurationSeptember 20 September 25Peak intensity65 mph 100 km h 1 min 994 mbar hPa A tropical wave moved off the west coast of Africa and entered the Atlantic on September 12 initially producing disorganized showers and thunderstorms After the wave moved generally westward to about midway between Africa and the Lesser Antilles deep convection began consolidating along its northern side between September 16 and September 17 Although a surface low developed on September 19 convection remained disorganized However upon acquiring a well defined center and persistent deep convection on September 20 the system became Tropical Depression Eight about 1 100 mi 1 770 km east of Bermuda The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Gaston six hours later while moving north northeastward along the western edge of a high pressure area Despite only marginally warm water temperatures and moderate to strong wind shear Gaston strengthened to peak with sustained winds of 65 mph 100 km h early on September 21 72 However additional strengthening was prevented as dry air intruded into Gaston A blocking mid level high pressure caused the storm to turn southeastward and then southwestward on September 23 and later to the westward on the following day 72 Passing between the Azores late on September 23 and early on September 24 Gaston generated heavy rainfall across the archipelago especially in the western and central islands 73 A weather station at Horta on Faial Island measured a wind gust of 41 mph 66 km h as Gaston passed through Convection diminished significantly as the storm continued westward and by 00 00 UTC on September 26 Gaston became extratropical about 345 mi 555 km west southwest of Flores Island The remnant low moved west southwestward until dissipating about 48 hours later 72 Hurricane Ian Edit Category 5 hurricane SSHWS DurationSeptember 23 September 30Peak intensity160 mph 260 km h 1 min 937 mbar hPa Main article Hurricane Ian Between September 14 and September 15 a tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa and moved westward for several days with disorganized showers and thunderstorms Although the system gained additional convection upon reaching the southeastern Caribbean on September 21 wind shear prevented further development By 06 00 UTC on September 23 however Tropical Depression Nine formed around 150 mi 240 km east northeast of Aruba The depression moved west northwestward due to a building mid level ridge and strengthened into Tropical Storm Ian early the next day Ian then turned westward and initially failed to intensify further in an environment with moderate to strong wind shear After curving to the northwest the storm strengthened into a hurricane early on September 26 Thereafter Ian rapidly intensified becoming a major hurricane about 24 hours later Around 08 30 UTC on September 27 the hurricane made landfall in Cuba near La Coloma Pinar del Rio Province with winds of 125 mph 205 km h The cyclone hardly weakened while crossing Cuba and emerged into the Gulf of Mexico around 14 00 UTC 30 Early on September 28 Ian struck Dry Tortugas Florida with winds of 125 mph 205 km h as the storm headed north northeastward along a broad trough and the western periphery of a subtropical ridge Favorable conditions in the Gulf of Mexico then allowed another period of rapid deepening to commence At 12 00 UTC on September 28 Ian briefly attained Category 5 status and peaked with maximum sustained winds of 160 mph 260 km h and a minimum barometric pressure of 937 mbar 27 7 inHg Less favorable conditions caused Ian to weaken to a Category 4 hurricane prior to its landfall on Cayo Costa Island Florida with winds of 150 mph 240 km h at 19 05 UTC About an hour and a half later the storm struck near Punta Gorda with winds of 145 mph 230 km h The hurricane weakened while slowly traversing the Florida peninsula falling to tropical storm status while emerging into the Atlantic near Cape Canaveral at 12 00 UTC on September 29 Although most of its convection was displaced north of the center Ian quickly re intensified into a hurricane six hours later Early on September 30 the storm accelerated after turning northward Ian made its final landfall at 18 05 UTC near Georgetown South Carolina with winds of 80 mph 130 km h The storm soon merged with a cold front and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone by 00 00 UTC on October 1 Several hours later the remnants of Ian dissipated over North Carolina 30 While in the early stages of developing the system brought gusty winds and heavy rain to Trinidad and Tobago 74 75 the ABC islands and the northern coast of South America on September 21 22 45 Ian also caused five deaths in Cuba 30 Much of western portions of the country experienced hurricane force winds and heavy rainfall which exceeded 20 in 510 mm in some areas 30 Consequently Ian left extensive impacts to factories hospitals roads tobacco farms and homes 76 with more than 100 000 dwellings damaged or destroyed in Pinar del Rio Province alone 30 Three provinces initially lost power but later the nation s entire electrical grid collapsed 77 Significant storm surge inundation occurred along the coasts of the Gulf of Guanahacabibes and Isla de la Juventud 78 Damage in Cuba totaled about 200 million 79 Storm surge and high winds led to extreme damage in Southwest Florida Lee County where Ian made its first landfall in Florida at Category 4 intensity and produced a storm surge which peaked at 7 25 ft 2 21 m in Fort Myers reported some degree of impact to 52 514 structures with 5 369 of those demolished and 14 245 others extensively damaged Bridges and roadways especially along the coast or on the barrier islands also suffered major impacts In neighboring Collier County strong winds and storm surge inflicted major damage to more than 3 500 buildings and destroyed 33 others The outerbands of Ian spawned 14 tornadoes in Florida including an EF 2 tornado that caused significant damage to some condominiums and injured two people in Kings Point 80 Ian also produced historic flooding across Central Florida due to a wide swath of rainfall totals generally ranging from 10 20 in 250 510 mm with Osceola Seminole and Volusia counties reporting damage or destruction to thousands of buildings and homes More than 3 28 million customers across the state lost electricity An estimated 150 fatalities occurred in Florida with 36 of the direct deaths reported in Lee County Later heavy rainfall and storm surge caused damage from the Carolinas to Maryland but to a much lesser extent than in Florida Ian also left five fatalities in North Carolina and one in Virginia all due to indirect causes Overall Ian caused approximately 112 9 billion in damage in the United States making it the nation s third costliest tropical cyclone 30 Tropical Storm Hermine Edit Tropical storm SSHWS DurationSeptember 23 September 24Peak intensity40 mph 65 km h 1 min 1003 mbar hPa Main article Tropical Storm Hermine 2022 On September 22 a tropical wave being monitored by the NHC emerged off the coast of West Africa into the tropical Atlantic east of Cabo Verde 45 It quickly organized becoming Tropical Depression Ten at 12 00 UTC on September 23 and then strengthened into Tropical Storm Hermine six hours later 44 It is one of few tropical cyclones on record to form and to track between the Cabo Verde Islands and the coast of Africa 45 Development beyond a weak 40 mph 65 km h tropical storm was stymied by southwesterly shear into the next day as the system moved northward On account of the shear Hermine weakened into a tropical depression at 12 00 UTC on September 24 and degenerated into a post tropical low within 12 hours while situated about 240 mi 385 km northwest of Nouadhibou Mauritania The remnant low moved northeastward until degenerating into a surface trough early on September 26 to the southwest of the Canary Islands 44 Hermine brought heavy rainfall to the Canary Islands peaking at 20 87 in 530 mm on La Palma while Gran Canaria Airport observed 4 96 in 126 mm approximately 83 of its average annual precipitation total The subsequent floods damaged many structures and some roadways caused power outages impacting several thousands of people 44 and downed trees A total of 216 schools experienced some degree of damage with 24 suffering extensive damage 81 Landslides blocked roads in about 690 locations Floodwaters entered four homes in the capital city of Santa Cruz de Tenerife 82 Additionally more than 140 flights were cancelled across the archipelago 83 Damage in the Canary Islands exceeded 10 million euro US 9 8 million 84 Tropical Depression Eleven Edit Tropical depression SSHWS DurationSeptember 28 September 29Peak intensity35 mph 55 km h 1 min 1008 mbar hPa On September 17 a tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa After producing disorganized convective activity for the next few days as the wave headed westward showers and thunderstorms consolidated enough on September 20 that a low pressure area formed The system then moved northward due to a break in a mid level ridge and eastward by September 27 due to a nearby broad trough Around 00 00 UTC on September 28 the low organized into Tropical Depression Eleven approximately 600 mi 965 km west of the Cabo Verde Islands The depression resumed a general northward motion due to the aforementioned ridge Despite periodic bursts in deep convection the depression remained poorly organized due to increasing wind shear Centered about 800 mi 1 285 km west of the Cabo Verde Islands the system degenerated into a remnant low by 12 00 UTC on September 29 which soon transitioned into a trough of low pressure 46 Tropical Depression Twelve Edit Tropical depression SSHWS DurationOctober 4 October 6Peak intensity35 mph 55 km h 1 min 1007 mbar hPa On September 29 a tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa Showers and thunderstorms associated with the wave waned during the next few days as it tracked westward However a nearby Kelvin wave enhanced the wave s convective activity beginning on October 3 By early the following day the convection became more concentrated and organized around the center resulting in the formation of Tropical Depression Twelve around 12 00 UTC about 450 mi 720 km west southwest of the Cabo Verde Islands Moving generally northwestward due to a weakness in a mid level ridge the depression encountered strong wind shear with the center of the cyclone becoming completely exposed from its convection by early the following day Throughout the day on October 5 the depression s circulation became more elongated A further increase in wind shear on October 6 caused the depression to degenerate into a surface trough approximately 750 mi 1 205 km west northwest of the Cabo Verde Islands The trough associated with the remnants of the depression became indistinguishable within a few days 47 Hurricane Julia Edit Category 1 hurricane SSHWS DurationOctober 7 October 9 Exited basin Peak intensity85 mph 140 km h 1 min 982 mbar hPa Main article Hurricane Julia 2022 A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa on September 26 While moving westward the wave remained weak and consisted of little convection for the next few days Convection became more concentrated as the wave reached the Caribbean with the system organizing into a tropical depression early on October 7 near Curacao A strong burst of deep convection developed near the center of the depression as it moved across the Guajira Peninsula in the early morning of October 7 and soon afterward it strengthened into Tropical Storm Julia over the adjacent southwestern Caribbean Thereafter Julia began moving in a more westward direction along the southern periphery of a building ridge Low wind shear high humidity at the mid levels and very warm seas caused the storm to intensify into a hurricane at 00 00 UTC on October 9 About six hours later Julia peaked with maximum sustained winds of 85 mph 140 km h The storm then made landfall near Laguna de Perlas Nicaragua at 07 15 UTC Julia s relatively quick movement as well as its passage across areas comparatively less rugged than to the north caused the cyclone to only gradually weaken falling to tropical storm intensity late on October 9 Early the following day Julia emerged into the Pacific Ocean but quickly dissipated after striking El Salvador several hours later 48 On October 5 the disturbance brought heavy thunderstorms to several of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean coast of South America More than 2 in 51 mm of rain fell in Trinidad and Tobago in less than a half hour causing significant flash flooding 85 86 A few days later heavy rainfall occurred in northern areas of Venezuela and Colombia causing widespread flooding There were 54 indirect flood fatalities in Venezuela In Central America flash flooding and associated mudslides caused widespread damage Nicaragua suffered extensive flood damage totaling about 400 million Over 1 million people across the country lost electricity during the storm Additionally Costa Rica Honduras and Panama reported damage to thousands of homes and significant crop losses 48 Damage in Panama alone totaled least 6 million 87 Altogether there were at least 89 Julia related fatalities 54 in Venezuela 14 in Guatemala 10 in El Salvador 5 in Nicaragua 4 in Honduras and 2 in Panama 48 Tropical Storm Karl Edit Tropical storm SSHWS DurationOctober 11 October 14Peak intensity60 mph 95 km h 1 min 997 mbar hPa A disturbance associated with the remnants of Julia formed over the Yucatan Peninsula on October 10 and reached the Bay of Campeche on October 11 The system rapidly acquired a well defined circulation and organized sufficiently to become a tropical depression by 12 00 UTC on October 11 while about 70 mi 110 km north northeast of Coatzacoalcos Veracruz and strengthened into Tropical Storm Karl six hours later A Hurricane Hunters mission into the storm on October 12 found that Karl s sustained winds had increased to 60 mph 95 km h as it moved slowly northward However increasing wind shear began to weaken the storm early on October 13 as it stalled over the southwestern Gulf of Mexico Nonetheless Karl s central pressure began to fall slightly after it began moving south southeastward as the day progressed Moderate northwesterly shear and drier mid level air continued to inhibit Karl from strengthening on October 14 50 Although satellite images that morning showed that the dense overcast around the storm s low level center had become more symmetric overnight with its heavy thunderstorms concentrated to the southeast of the center 88 dry air and wind shear snuffed out all of Karl s deep convection several hours later Around 00 00 UTC on October 15 Karl degenerated into a remnant low The remnants of Karl moved towards Tabasco before dissipating about 24 hours later 50 Karl caused significant flooding in southern Mexico which damaged homes businesses and bridges throughout the region The heaviest rainfall occurred in Tabasco and neighboring Chiapas Camoapa Tabasco recorded 15 3 in 387 9 mm of rain in 24 hours on October 14 15 while Rio de Janeiro Chiapas recorded 13 5 in 342 4 mm during that same period 50 Numerous families had to be evacuated from their homes because of the flooding 89 which also forced the evacuation of more than a thousand people attending a religious event in Pichucalco Chiapas Additionally three storm related fatalities were reported in Chiapas one in Pichucalco and two in Juarez 50 Hurricane Lisa Edit Category 1 hurricane SSHWS DurationOctober 31 November 5Peak intensity90 mph 150 km h 1 min 985 mbar hPa On October 17 a tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa After crossing the Lesser Antilles and entering the Caribbean on October 25 the wave decelerated Interaction between the wave and a large mid level trough spawned a broad low pressure area on October 28 After convection consolidated and a well defined center formed the system developed into Tropical Storm Lisa at 12 00 UTC on October 31 about 175 mi 280 km south of Kingston Jamaica Dry air and wind shear allowed for only gradual intensification although Lisa reached hurricane status on November 2 The storm strengthened slightly further that day peaking with winds of 90 mph 150 km h and a minimum pressure of 985 mbar 29 1 inHg while making landfall in Belize near the mouth of the Sibun River at 21 30 UTC Lisa initially weakened quickly over the Yucatan Peninsula falling to tropical storm intensity around 06 00 UTC on November 3 and then to tropical depression status six hours later Despite Lisa emerging into the Gulf of Mexico early the following day unfavorable conditions caused the storm to degenerate into a trough of low pressure by 12 00 UTC on November 5 about 100 mi 160 km northeast of Veracruz 90 Passing over Belize City as it made landfall on November 2 Lisa generated high winds that knocked down trees and electric poles and damaged several homes some structures collapsed completely 91 Additionally storm surge and heavy precipitation inundated many areas of the city 92 Altogether the 12 shelters set up in Belize City housed 1 221 people 91 Throughout Belize the hurricane destroyed about 500 homes and damaged around 5 000 others Damage in the country totaled roughly 100 million 90 In Guatemala Lisa caused flooding and a landslide which damaged homes and property About 143 people in the municipalities of Melchor de Mencos and San Jose were evacuated to shelters 93 Lisa also brought heavy rains to southern Mexico 92 Hurricane Martin Edit Category 1 hurricane SSHWS DurationNovember 1 November 3Peak intensity85 mph 140 km h 1 min 965 mbar hPa A surface trough formed on October 25 about halfway between the Bahamas and Bermuda partially due to a nearby upper level shortwave trough Three days later a non tropical low pressure area along the surface trough Although the low merged with a frontal boundary early on October 30 its remnants caused the development of an extratropical cyclone several hours later By November 1 the extratropical system shed its frontal characteristics and developed more deep convection Consequently Tropical Storm Martin formed about 550 mi 885 km east northeast of Bermuda around 12 00 UTC on November 1 Despite only marginally favorable sea temperatures and mid level moisture cold upper level temperatures allowed the storm to strengthen gradually becoming a Category 1 hurricane about 24 hours later as a ragged eye appeared on satellite imagery At 06 00 UTC on November 3 Martin peaked with sustained winds of 85 mph 140 km h and a minimum pressure of 965 mbar 28 5 inHg However the storm became extratropical just six hours later approximately 730 mi 1 175 km east of Cape Race Newfoundland due to its interaction with an approaching cold front The remnants of Martin moved rapidly northward until being absorbed by a larger extratropical system southeast of Greenland early on November 5 94 Hurricane Nicole Edit Main article Hurricane Nicole 2022 Category 1 hurricane SSHWS DurationNovember 7 November 11Peak intensity75 mph 120 km h 1 min 980 mbar hPa A mid to upper level trough crossed into western Atlantic from northeastern United States on November 3 After the trough interacted with the Intertropical Convergence Zone on the following day a large area of convection formed between the eastern Caribbean to just north of the Lesser Antilles On November 5 a broad low developed just south of Hispaniola before re forming north of Puerto Rico on the next day A further increase in convection led to the formation of Subtropical Storm Nicole early on November 7 roughly 540 mi 870 km south southwest of Bermuda The system initially moved northwestward due to a low to mid level ridge before a cold front caused it to move westward to west southwestward beginning on November 8 Convection consolidated further around the center resulting in Nicole transitioning into a tropical storm around 18 00 UTC At 17 00 UTC on November 9 Nicole struck Marsh Harbour Great Abaco Island Bahamas with winds of 70 mph 110 km h Several hours later the storm strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane while simultaneously striking Grand Bahama with winds of 75 mph 120 km h At 07 45 UTC on November 10 Nicole made landfall near Vero Beach Florida at the same intensity Nicole quickly weakened to a tropical storm while crossing Central Florida Later on November 10 the storm briefly emerged into the Gulf of Mexico near Crystal River before striking Cedar Key and then the mouth of the Aucilla River early the next day Crossing into southwestern Georgia the cyclone fell to tropical depression status By 18 00 UTC on November 11 a mid latitude trough absorbed Nicole over eastern North Carolina 52 Nicole and its precursor produced heavy rainfall over the Leeward Islands Puerto Rico Hispaniola and the Bahamas 52 In the Dominican Republic flooding resulted in six deaths damaged several hundred homes and caused extensive agricultural losses 95 Precipitation totals in Florida generally ranged from 3 to 6 in 76 to 152 mm leading to only minor flooding With few observations of hurricane force winds mostly light wind damage occurred although more than 300 000 businesses and households lost electricity due to the storm However days of strong on shore wind flow onto the east coast of Florida produced storm surge that caused severe beach erosion 52 especially in Brevard Flagler St Johns and Volusia counties At least 107 structures suffered damage in Brevard County with 10 deemed unsafe for occupancy 96 In Volusia County almost 50 condominiums collapsed or were at risk of collapsing 97 Flagler County reported coastal flood damage along with a loss of about 1 000 000 cubic yards 760 000 m3 of beach sand and sand dunes A total of 299 structures experienced some degree of impact in St Johns County mostly due to erosion 98 Five indirect deaths occurred in Florida Nicole and its remnants produced widespread but mostly light precipitation across the Eastern United States and Atlantic Canada although 7 88 in 200 mm of rain fell near Foscoe North Carolina Storm surge caused coastal flooding as far north as Charleston South Carolina 32 Damage throughout the United States totaled approximately 1 billion 52 Other system Edit Potential Tropical Cyclone Four off the northeastern coast of Mexico on August 20 On August 15 the NHC first noted the potential for tropical cyclone development in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico from a tropical wave that was located over the central Caribbean 99 The low emerged over the Gulf early on August 19 producing disorganized showers 100 Due to the threat the developing system posed to northeastern Mexico and South Texas the NHC initiated advisories on it as Potential Tropical Cyclone Four at 21 00 UTC that same day 39 As the disturbance moved northwestward toward the Gulf coast of Mexico on August 20 a Hurricane Hunters mission found that it was still a surface trough 101 Later that day it moved inland crossing the coast about 60 mi 95 km southwest of the mouth of the Rio Grande 102 With that the window of opportunity for tropical development closed and the NHC issued its last advisory on the system at 03 00 UTC on August 21 39 The disturbance brought heavy rain to coastal Tamaulipas and coastal South Texas 102 but no significant impacts associated with the disturbance were reported 39 Storm names EditMain articles Tropical cyclone naming History of tropical cyclone naming and List of historic tropical cyclone names The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the North Atlantic in 2022 The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2028 season 103 This is the same list used in the 2016 season with the exceptions of Martin and Owen which replaced Matthew and Otto respectively 104 The name Martin was used for the first time this season Alex Bonnie Colin Danielle Earl Fiona Gaston Hermine Ian Julia Karl Lisa Martin Nicole Owen unused Paula unused Richard unused Shary unused Tobias unused Virginie unused Walter unused Retirement Edit See also List of retired Atlantic hurricane names On March 29 2023 during the 45th Session of the RA IV Hurricane Committee the World Meteorological Organization retired the names Fiona and Ian from its rotating name lists due to the catastrophic damages they caused and they will never be used again for another Atlantic hurricane They will be replaced with Farrah and Idris for the 2028 season 105 Season effects EditThis is a table of all of the storms that formed in the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season It includes their duration within the basin names areas affected damages and death totals Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident but were still related to that storm Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical a wave or a low and all of the damage figures are in 2022 USD Saffir Simpson scaleTD TS C1 C2 C3 C4 C52022 North Atlantic tropical cyclone season statistics Stormname Dates active Storm categoryat peak intensity Max 1 minwindmph km h Min press mbar Areas affected Damage USD Deaths Ref s Alex June 5 6 Tropical storm 70 110 984 Yucatan Peninsula Western Cuba Florida Northern Bahamas Bermuda 104 000 4 53 56 Bonnie July 1 2 Tropical storm 60 95 996 Trinidad and Tobago Grenada ABC Islands Venezuela Colombia San Andres Island Central America Nicaragua before crossover 25 million 4 36 Colin July 1 2 Tropical storm 40 65 1011 Southeastern United States South Carolina None 1 37 Danielle September 1 8 Category 1 hurricane 85 140 972 Western Iberian Peninsula Unknown NoneEarl September 2 10 Category 2 hurricane 110 175 948 Northern Leeward Islands Puerto Rico Bermuda Newfoundland Minimal 2 42 Fiona September 14 23 Category 4 hurricane 140 220 931 Lesser Antilles Guadeloupe Puerto Rico Dominican Republic Eastern Bahamas Turks and Caicos Islands Bermuda Eastern Canada gt 3 68 billion 7 22 29 71 Gaston September 20 25 Tropical storm 65 100 994 Azores None NoneIan September 23 30 Category 5 hurricane 160 260 937 Trinidad and Tobago Venezuela Colombia ABC islands Jamaica Cayman Islands Cuba Southeastern United States Florida and South Carolina gt 113 1 billion 69 92 30 79 Hermine September 23 24 Tropical storm 40 65 1003 Canary Islands 9 8 million None 84 Eleven September 28 29 Tropical depression 35 55 1008 None None NoneTwelve October 4 6 Tropical depression 35 55 1007 None None NoneJulia October 7 9 Category 1 hurricane 85 140 982 Trinidad and Tobago Venezuela ABC Islands Colombia Central America Nicaragua before crossover gt 406 million 35 54 48 87 Karl October 11 14 Tropical storm 60 95 997 Southern Mexico Unknown 3 50 Lisa October 31 November 5 Category 1 hurricane 90 150 985 Jamaica Cayman Islands Central America Belize 100 million None 90 Martin November 1 3 Category 1 hurricane 85 140 965 None None NoneNicole November 7 11 Category 1 hurricane 75 120 980 Greater Antilles Bahamas Eastern United States Florida Atlantic Canada Quebec gt 1 billion 0 11 52 Season aggregates16 systems June 5 November 11 160 260 931 gt 118 29 billion 125 179 See also Edit Tropical cyclones portalWeather of 2022 Tropical cyclones in 2022 Atlantic hurricane season 2022 Pacific hurricane season 2022 Pacific typhoon season 2022 North Indian Ocean cyclone season South West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons 2021 22 2022 23 Australian region cyclone seasons 2021 22 2022 23 South Pacific cyclone seasons 2021 22 2022 23Notes Edit The strength of a tropical cyclone is measured by the minimum barometric pressure not wind speed Most meteorological organizations rate the intensity of a storm by this figure so the lower the minimum pressure of the storm the more intense or stronger it is considered to be The strongest winds were actually from Ian at 160 mph 260 km h According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA the long term 1991 2020 seasonal averages are 14 named storms 7 hurricanes and 3 major hurricanes 1 References Edit a b c Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for November 2022 Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center December 1 2022 Retrieved December 2 2022 Hurricanes Frequently Asked Questions Miami Florida NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory June 1 2021 Retrieved January 30 2022 Masters Jeff Henson Bob September 20 2022 Cat 3 Fiona rakes Turks and Caicos Disturbance 98L approaches Caribbean New Haven Connecticut Yale climate Connections Retrieved September 20 2022 a b c Background Information North Atlantic Hurricane Season College Park Maryland Climate Prediction Center May 22 2019 Retrieved April 5 2021 a b Atlantic hurricane best track HURDAT version 2 Database United States National Hurricane Center September 19 2022 Retrieved May 4 2023 This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain a b Klotzbach Philip Bell Michael December 9 2021 Qualitative Discussion of Atlantic Basin Season Hurricane Activity for 2022 PDF Fort Collins Colorado Colorado State University Retrieved May 3 2023 a b c Saunders Mark Lea Adam December 10 2021 Extended Range Forecast for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2022 PDF TropicalStormRisk com London United Kingdom Department of Space and Climate Physics University College London Retrieved December 10 2021 a b Saunders Mark Roberts Frank Lea Adam April 6 2022 April Forecast Update for North Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2022 PDF TropicalStormRisk com London United Kingdom Department of Space and Climate Physics University College London Retrieved April 7 2022 a b c Klotzbach Philip Bell Michael April 7 2022 Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and Landfall Strike Probability for 2022 PDF Fort Collins Colorado Colorado State University Retrieved April 7 2022 a b Belles Jonathan April 14 2022 TWC Hurricane Outlook Released 2022 Atlantic Season Expected to Be Another Busy One The Weather Channel Retrieved April 14 2022 a b Davis Kyle Zeng Xubin April 14 2022 Forecast of the 2022 Hurricane Activities over the North Atlantic PDF Tucson Arizona University of Arizona Archived from the original PDF on October 2 2022 Retrieved April 14 2022 a b Peake Tracy April 20 2022 NC State Researchers Predict Active Hurricane Season Raleigh North Carolina North Carolina State University Retrieved April 20 2022 a b c ESSC Earth System Science Center North Atlantic Hurricane Season Prediction University Park Pennsylvania Pennsylvania State University s Earth System Science Center May 9 2022 Retrieved May 3 2023 a b North Atlantic tropical storm seasonal forecast 2022 UK Met Office May 23 2022 Retrieved May 3 2023 a b NOAA predicts above normal 2022 Atlantic Hurricane Season Silver Spring Maryland National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 24 2022 Retrieved May 3 2023 a b Lea Adam Nick Wood May 31 2022 Pre Season Forecast Update for North Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2022 PDF TropicalStormRisk com London United Kingdom Department of Space and Climate Physics University College London Retrieved May 3 2023 a b Klotzbach Philip Bell Michael DesRosiers Alex June 2 2022 Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and Landfall Strike Probability for 2022 PDF Fort Collins Colorado Colorado State University Retrieved June 2 2022 a b Atlantic Hurricane Season Outlook Update The Weather Company Increases Number of Expected Storms Atlanta Georgia The Weather Channel June 17 2022 Retrieved June 17 2022 a b Davis Kyle Zeng Xubin June 20 2022 Forecast of the 2022 Hurricane Activities over the North Atlantic Tucson Arizona University of Arizona Archived from the original on September 28 2022 Retrieved June 21 2022 a b Lea Adam Nick Wood July 5 2022 July Forecast Update for North Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2022 PDF TropicalStormRisk com London United Kingdom Department of Space and Climate Physics University College London Retrieved May 3 2023 a b Klotzbach Philip Bell Michael DesRosiers Alexander July 7 2022 Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and Landfall Strike Probability for 2022 PDF Fort Collins Colorado Colorado State University Retrieved July 7 2022 a b North Atlantic tropical storm seasonal forecast 2022 UK Met Office August 2 2022 Retrieved May 3 2023 a b c Henson Bob August 4 2022 Latest outlooks for Atlantic hurricane season Less frenzied but still above average New Haven Connecticut Yale Climate Connections Retrieved August 6 2022 a b Erdman Jonathan August 18 2022 Atlantic hurricane season outlook updated Atlanta Georgia The Weather Channel Retrieved August 18 2022 Saunders Mark Lea Adam December 9 2020 Extended Range Forecast for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2021 PDF TropicalStormRisk com London United Kingdom Department of Space and Climate Physics University College London Retrieved May 3 2023 a b c d Masters Jeff November 30 2022 The bizarre and destructive 2022 hurricane season ends New Haven Connecticut Yale Climate Connections Retrieved May 3 2023 a b Damaging 2022 Atlantic hurricane season draws to a close National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration November 29 2022 Retrieved May 3 2023 Erdman Jonathan August 22 2022 It s The Atlantic Hurricane Season s Least Active Start In 30 Years The Weather Channel Retrieved August 24 2022 a b c d e f g h Pasch Richard Reinhart Brad Alaka Laura March 23 2023 Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Fiona PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved March 23 2023 a b c d e f g h i Bucci Lisa Laura Alaka Hagen Andrew Delgado Sandy Beven Jack April 3 2023 Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Ian PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved April 3 2023 Brown Daniel Delgado Sandy October 26 2022 Tropical Cyclone Report Tropical Storm Alex PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved March 3 2023 Storm Events Database Search Results for All Counties in Florida June 3 6 2022 Report Ashville North Carolina National Centers for Environmental Information Retrieved October 28 2022 Papin Philippe March 20 2023 Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Bonnie PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved April 18 2023 Latto Andrew Cangialosi John December 1 2022 Tropical Cyclone Report Tropical Storm Colin PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved December 29 2022 Blake Eric March 21 2023 Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Earl PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved April 19 2023 Pasch Richard Reinhart Brad Alaka Laura March 23 2023 Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Fiona PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved March 23 2023 Sanchez Pedro Martin September 26 2022 Huracan Fiona golpeo al pais con danos estimados en 20 mil millones de pesos Diario Libre in Spanish Archived from the original on September 27 2022 Retrieved October 4 2022 Bucci Lisa Laura Alaka Hagen Andrew Delgado Sandy Beven Jack April 3 2023 Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Ian PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved April 3 2023 Wilkinson Clare September 30 2022 Karen Clark pegs Hurricane Ian losses at 63 billion Business Insurance Archived from the original on October 2 2022 Retrieved October 2 2022 Gran Canaria cifra en 10 millones de euros los danos causados por la tormenta Hermine Gran Canaria estimates the damage caused by storm Hermine at 10 million euros Canarias a Hora in Spanish September 30 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 Cangialosi John March 15 2023 Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Julia PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved March 15 2023 Castillo Clarissa October 17 2022 Tierras Altas tormenta Julia dejo perdidas por 7 millones Eco TV in Spanish Retrieved October 24 2022 Berg Robbie January 30 2023 Tropical Cyclone Report Tropical Storm Karl PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved January 31 2023 Blake Eric S March 14 2023 Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Lisa PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved March 14 2023 Beven John Alaka Laura March 17 2023 Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Nicole PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved March 17 2023 a b c Masters Jeff November 10 2022 Hurricane Nicole hits Florida New Haven Connecticut Yale Climate Connections Retrieved November 16 2022 North Atlantic Ocean Historical Tropical Cyclone Statistics Fort Collins Colorado Colorado State University Retrieved February 18 2023 Henson Bob Masters Jeff June 5 2022 After South Florida deluge Tropical Storm Alex finally develops New Haven Connecticut Yale Climate Connections Retrieved March 17 2023 Masters Jeff Henson Bob July 2 2022 Tropical Storm Colin forms along the South Carolina coast New Haven Connecticut Yale Climate Connections Retrieved July 2 2022 a b c d e f g Papin Philippe March 20 2023 Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Bonnie PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved April 18 2023 a b c d e f Latto Andrew Cangialosi John December 1 2022 Tropical Cyclone Report Tropical Storm Colin PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved December 29 2022 Masters Jeff August 31 2022 Hinnamnor in Pacific kicks off as Cat 5 Atlantic appears set to end its slumber New Haven Connecticut Yale climate Connections Retrieved August 31 2022 a b c d Cangialosi John November 1 2022 Tropical Cyclone Report Potential Tropical Cyclone Four PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved November 2 2022 Croft Jay September 2 2022 Danielle becomes first hurricane of the 2022 Atlantic season CNN Retrieved September 6 2022 a b c d Berg Robbie January 25 2023 Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Danielle PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved March 5 2023 a b c d e f Blake Eric March 21 2023 Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Earl PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved April 19 2023 Henson Bob Masters Jeff September 24 2022 Fiona sets Atlantic Canada reeling Ian forms in Caribbean New Haven Connecticut Yale Climate Connections Retrieved September 25 2022 a b c d e Reinhart Brad January 25 2023 Tropical Cyclone Report Tropical Storm Hermine PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved January 25 2023 a b c d Masters Jeff Henson Bob September 22 2022 Cat 4 Fiona steams toward Canada Caribbean disturbance 98L a major concern New Haven Connecticut Yale Climate Connections Retrieved September 22 2022 a b Brown Daniel December 14 2022 Tropical Cyclone Report Tropical Depression Eleven PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved December 20 2022 a b Papin Philippe March 6 2023 Tropical Cyclone Report Tropical Depression Twelve PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved March 8 2023 a b c d e Cangialosi John March 15 2023 Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Julia PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved March 15 2023 Henson Bob October 10 2022 As Julia fades floods plague Central America New Haven Connecticut Yale Climate Connections Retrieved October 11 2022 a b c d e f Berg Robbie January 30 2023 Tropical Cyclone Report Tropical Storm Karl PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved May 3 2023 Masters Jeff November 2 2022 A rarity two November hurricanes roil the Atlantic New Haven Connecticut Yale Climate Connections Retrieved November 5 2022 a b c d e f Beven John Alaka Laura March 17 2023 Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Nicole PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved March 17 2023 a b c d e Brown Daniel Delgado Sandy October 26 2022 Tropical Cyclone Report Tropical Storm Alex PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved March 3 2023 Davies Richard June 4 2022 Cuba Deadly Flash Floods After 300 mm of Rain floodlist com Retrieved June 6 2022 Tribou Richard June 4 2022 No name tropical system floods Florida still expected to become Tropical Storm Alex Orlando Sentinel Archived from the original on June 4 2022 Retrieved June 4 2022 a b Storm Events Database Search Results for All Counties in Florida June 3 6 2022 Report Ashville North Carolina National Centers for Environmental Information Retrieved October 28 2022 Hogsett Wallace July 1 2022 Tropical Storm Bonnie Advisory Number 17 Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved July 5 2022 Masters Jeff June 29 2022 Disturbance 95L threatens heavy rains for Texas disturbance PTC 2 speeds across southern Caribbean New Haven Connecticut Yale Climate Connections Retrieved June 30 2022 Saldana Jaime July 2 2022 Bugaba Desalojan a varias familias por tormenta Bonnie Eco Panama in Spanish Archived from the original on July 2 2022 Retrieved April 18 2023 Villegas Audrey July 2 2022 Mas de 8 500 casas sin electricidad tras paso de tormenta tropical CRHoy com in Spanish Archived from the original on July 3 2022 Retrieved April 18 2023 Cangialosi John July 2 2022 Tropical Storm Colin Discussion Number 3 Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved July 4 2022 Tropical Storm Colin threatens a wet weekend for Carolinas Washington North Carolina WITN Associated Press July 2 2022 Archived from the original on July 2 2022 Retrieved July 3 2022 Zelinsky David September 5 2022 Hurricane Danielle Discussion Number 18 Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved September 6 2022 Blake Eric September 7 2022 Hurricane Danielle Advisory Number 26 Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved September 8 2022 Graca Alfredo September 15 2022 Extratropical storm Danielle batters Portugal floods chaos and landslides Yourweather co uk Retrieved October 23 2022 Davies Richard September 14 2022 Portugal Floods and Landslides Cause Severe Damage in Manteigas FloodList floodlist com Retrieved October 23 2022 Ede Andrew September 12 2022 Storm Danielle affecting the mainland but will it hit Mallorca Majorca Daily Bulletin Retrieved October 23 2022 Bell Jonathan Lagan Sarah September 10 2022 Residents praised for taking Earl seriously The Royal Gazette Hamilton Bermuda Retrieved September 12 2022 Heavy downpour overflowing riverbanks flooding streets in St John s area CBC News September 12 2022 Retrieved September 12 2022 Masters Jeff Henson Bob September 18 2022 Hurricane Fiona deluges Puerto Rico Typhoon Nandamol hits Japan New Haven Connecticut Yale Climate Connections Retrieved September 19 2022 a b Sanchez Pedro Martin September 26 2022 Huracan Fiona golpeo al pais con danos estimados en 20 mil millones de pesos Diario Libre in Spanish Archived from the original on September 27 2022 Retrieved October 4 2022 a b c Pasch Richard March 17 2023 Tropical Cyclone Report Tropical Storm Gaston PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved March 20 2023 Gaston turns post tropical in the eastern Atlantic spectrumnews1 com Retrieved September 26 2022 Boodram Kim September 23 2022 T amp T sees flooding roofs blown off Trinidad Express Newspapers Retrieved September 25 2022 Douglas Sean September 23 2022 Weather system passes over Trinidad and Tobago Flooding fallen trees damage to homes Trinidad and Tobago Newsday Retrieved September 25 2022 Cuba remains in the dark after hurricane knocks out power grid NPR Associated Press September 28 2022 Retrieved September 28 2022 Huracan Ian causo estragos en Cuba con cinco muertos y mas de 100 000 viviendas destruidas Hurricane Ian wreaked havoc in Cuba with five deaths and more than 100 000 homes destroyed El Diario Nueva York in Spanish New York New York Deutsche Welle October 2 2022 Retrieved October 5 2022 Reportan los primeros danos en Cuba tras impacto del huracan Ian Report the first damage in Cuba after the impact of Hurricane Ian in Spanish Fort Lauderdale Florida Telemundo 51 EFE September 27 2022 Archived from the original on September 27 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 a b Karen Clark pegs Hurricane Ian losses at 63 billion Business Insurance Archived from the original on October 2 2022 Retrieved October 2 2022 Storm Event Database National Centers for Environmental Information Report National Centers for Environmental Information Retrieved April 4 2023 24 schools are seriously damaged by the rain and classes will be affected today Canarian Weekly September 27 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 Capote Raquel P September 27 2022 El paso de la tormenta Hermine por Canarias en fotos The passage of storm Hermine through the Canary Islands in photos La Provincia in Spanish Retrieved September 30 2022 Suarez Borja September 25 2022 Flights cancelled as storm Hermine hits Spain s Canary Islands Reuters Retrieved September 25 2022 a b Gran Canaria cifra en 10 millones de euros los danos causados por la tormenta Hermine Gran Canaria estimates the damage caused by storm Hermine at 10 million euros Canarias a Hora in Spanish September 30 2022 Retrieved September 30 2022 Masters Jeff Henson Bob October 5 2022 Disturbance 91L drenches the Windward Islands New Haven Connecticut Yale Climate Connections Retrieved October 6 2022 Tropical wave dumps rain over Trinidad and Tobago Flooded Trinidad and Tobago Newsday October 6 2022 Retrieved October 6 2022 a b Castillo Clarissa October 17 2022 Tierras Altas tormenta Julia dejo perdidas por 7 millones Eco TV in Spanish Retrieved October 24 2022 Reinhart Brad October 14 2022 Tropical Storm Karl Discussion 13 Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved October 14 2022 Velazquez Iris October 15 2022 Deja Karl un muerto e inundaciones en Chiapas Karl leaves one dead and floods in Chiapas El Norte in Spanish Monterrey Nuevo Leon Retrieved October 15 2022 a b c Blake Eric S March 14 2023 Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Lisa PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved March 14 2023 a b Tropical Depression Lisa Emerges Over the Southwestern Gulf of Mexico The New York Times November 4 2022 Archived from the original on November 5 2022 Retrieved April 23 2023 a b Masters Jeff November 3 2022 Lisa weakens to a tropical depression after hitting Belize as a Cat 1 hurricane New Haven Connecticut Yale Climate Connections Retrieved November 3 2022 Huracan Lisa en vivo Donde esta el ciclon y hacia donde se dirige Hurricane Lisa Live Where is the cyclone and where is it going El Comercio in Spanish Agence France Presse Retrieved November 6 2022 Landsea Christopher March 9 2023 Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Martin PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved May 2 2023 Buschschluter Vanessa November 7 2022 Dominican Republic floods At least six killed in rains BBC News Retrieved November 9 2022 Schaper Brendan Smith Jessie Tollefsen Megan Rodriguez Kevin Volkmer Matt Ulrich Will November 12 2022 Post Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Nicole Report National Weather Service Melbourne Florida Retrieved May 2 2023 Schneider Mike Frisaro Freida November 10 2022 Tropical Storm Nicole sends beachfront homes into ocean ABC News Retrieved November 10 2022 Post Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Nicole Updated Report National Weather Service Jacksonville Florida December 1 2022 Retrieved May 2 2023 Papin Philippe August 15 2022 Five Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved August 16 2022 Cangialosi John August 19 2022 Two Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved August 19 2022 Cangialosi John Latto Andrew August 20 2022 Potential Tropical Cyclone Four Advisory Number 4 Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved August 20 2022 a b Potential Tropical Cyclone Four makes landfall in Mexico New Orleans Louisiana WDSU August 21 2022 Retrieved August 21 2022 Tropical Cyclone Names Miami Florida National Hurricane Center and Central Pacific Hurricane Center Archived from the original on January 1 2021 Retrieved May 3 2023 World Meteorological Organization retires storm names Matthew and Otto Washington D C National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration March 27 2017 Retrieved February 5 2022 WMO s hurricane committee retires Fiona and Ian from list of names Geneva Switzerland World Meteorological Organization March 29 2023 Retrieved March 29 2023 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2022 Atlantic hurricane season National Hurricane Center Website National Hurricane Center s Atlantic Tropical Weather Outlook Tropical Cyclone Formation Probability Guidance Product Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 2022 Atlantic hurricane season amp oldid 1153091258, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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