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North Kosovo crisis (2022–present)

December 03, 2023

Beginning on 31 July 2022, tensions between Kosovo and Serbia heightened due to the expiration of the eleven-year validity period of documents for cars on 1 August 2022, between the government of Kosovo and the Serbs in North Kosovo. Kosovo, which declared independence in 2008, signed an agreement with Serbia in 2011 that determined the use of license plates in North Kosovo. This agreement was supposed to change license plates from the ones that were issued by Serbia to neutral ones. The agreement for the change was extended in 2016 and expired in 2021, which led to a crisis in 2021 that ended with an agreement to terminate the ban of Kosovo-issued license plates in Serbia.

North Kosovo crisis
Date31 July 2022 – present
(1 year, 3 months, 3 weeks and 4 days)
Location
North Kosovo and Merdare border crossing; spillover into Serbia
Status

Ongoing:

  • Agreement reached regarding license plates
  • Kosovo Serbs withdraw from Kosovo government institutions
  • Serbia submits a request to Kosovo Force to deploy 1,000 Serbian troops to Kosovo, which is declined
  • Kosovo Serbs barricade roads from 10–30 December 2022
  • Kosovo formally seeks candidate status for EU membership
  • Serbian boycott of local elections; ethnic Albanian mayors elected in all four North Kosovo municipalities in April 2023
  • Kosovo takes control of the Serb-controlled municipal offices by force, causing a civil disturbance
  • 30 NATO peacekeeping troops are injured during protests
  • Kosovo bans imports from Serbia on 14 June after 3 police officers are captured by Serbian forces
  • 30 Serb paramilitary members enter Kosovo on 24 September, killing 1 officer and injuring 2 others
Belligerents
Serb List
PKS
Serbs of Kosovo Police (2022)
Civilna Zaštita[1]
Severna Brigada[2]
Supported by:
 Serbia
Diplomatic support:
 Republika Srpska
 Russia
 Romania[citation needed]
 China[3]
 Hungary[4][5]		  NATO
 European Union		  Kosovo
Diplomatic support:
 Albania[6]
Commanders and leaders
Goran Rakić
Milan Radoičić
Igor Simić
Aleksandar Jablanović
Supported by:
Aleksandar Vučić
Petar Petković		 Angelo Michele Ristuccia
Josep Borrell
Miroslav Lajčák		 Vjosa Osmani
Albin Kurti
Xhelal Sveçla
Units involved
Kosovo Force
EULEX		 Kosovo Police
Kosovo Special Forces
Casualties and losses
3 members of an armed unit killed[7][8][9]
6+ other members wounded
Serbian claim:
55+ protesters injured		 19 wounded
11 wounded

Kosovo Police:

  • 1 Kosovo police officer killed[8]
  • 3 Kosovo police officers wounded
  • 3 Kosovo police officers captured by Serbia, released on 26 June[10][11]

After a Kosovo announcement that Serbian citizens who enter Kosovo will receive entry and exit documents, a number of barricades were created in North Kosovo on 31 July 2022 but were removed two days later after Kosovo announced that it would postpone the ban on license plates issued by Serbia. In August 2022, unsuccessful negotiations regarding license plates were held, although the ID document dispute was solved. A proposed agreement, dubbed the "German-French proposal" by the media, would be the basis of consultations beginning in January 2023.

Albin Kurti declined to postpone the deadline for license plates and instead announced a phased implementation that would run from November 2022 until April 2023. Before this began, a number of Kosovo Serb police officers, mayors, judges, and Serb List members of parliament resigned from government institutions. Kosovo and Serbia negotiated again in November 2022 and they had found an agreement on 23 November 2022 which settled that license plates that Serbia issued would continue to be in use in North Kosovo.

Kosovo formally signed an application to seek candidate status for European Union membership on 14 December 2022, its impending signature resulted in a number of barricades being set up in North Kosovo on 10 December; they were dismantled on 30 December. In Serbia, far-right groups staged protests in support of Kosovo Serbs. In December 2022, Serbia submitted a request to Kosovo Force for the deployment of up to 1,000 Serbian military and police forces in Kosovo, which ended up being rejected in January 2023.

In April local elections were held, boycotted by ethnic Serbs and based on an extremely low number of votes, ethnic Albanian mayors were elected. On 26 May 2023, Kosovo took control of the North Kosovo municipal buildings by force, to enable the newly elected ethnic Albanian mayors to physically assume office. A civil disturbance occurred, and Serbia put its armed forces on alert. The decision of Kosovo to use force was condemned by the United States and the EU. With mayors unable to perform their duties, in July Kosovo announced that new mayor elections will be held.

Background edit

See also: 2021 North Kosovo crisis, Kosovo independence precedent, and Kosovo War

In 1991, Kosovo Albanians proclaimed the establishment of the Republic of Kosova, with Albania only recognizing it as an independent state.[12][13] The aftermath of the Kosovo War led to the United Nations establishing a governance in Kosovo and NATO establishing the Kosovo Force (KFOR).[14] Kosovo then proclaimed independence from Serbia in 2008; Serbia did not recognize its independence.[15][16] North Kosovo, a majority Serb region in Kosovo, is also largely opposed to independent Kosovo and prior to the 2013 Brussels Agreement it refused to acknowledge and recognize its independence;[17][18] in a 2012 referendum, 99% of voters in North Kosovo, with a 75% turnout, rejected the institutions of Kosovo, although the referendum was rejected by Serbia and Kosovo.[19][20] According to the Brussels Agreement, the Community of Serb Municipalities was to be formed by 2016, although the government of Kosovo froze the deal in 2015, with the Constitutional Court declaring it as unconstitutional.[21][22]

An agreement between Serbia and Kosovo was concluded on the use of license plates in 2011.[23] Up to that point, Serbia issued Serbian license plates for North Kosovo, although after the agreement the license plates were changed to neutral ones.[23] This agreement was extended in 2016 and was valid until September 2021.[23] After the expiration of the agreement, a crisis occurred and it lasted until October 2021 when another agreement was reached, which effectively ended the ban of Kosovar license plates in Serbia.[24][25] This agreement was initially intended to be temporary, although in April 2022, the agreement was extended for a further period.[26][27]

Timeline edit

2022 edit

July edit

A number of Kosovo Serb civilians in North Kosovo began forming barricades on 31 July after the announcement that citizens of Serbia who enter Kosovo will receive documents for entry and exit.[28][29] This led to KFOR sending troops to patrol the streets, while the Kosovo Police ended up closing the border crossings at Jarinje and Brnjak.[30][31] Nikola Selaković, then-minister of foreign affairs of Serbia, claimed that Albin Kurti, the prime minister of Kosovo, was "preparing hell in the coming days" for Serbs who live in Kosovo.[32] It was also reported that air raid sirens were turned on in Zubin Potok and North Mitrovica.[33] Roads were blocked near Jarinje and Brnjak border crossings.[34]

Later that day, the ministry of defence of Serbia stated that "the Serbian Army did not cross the border into Kosovo", amid reports that it did enter Kosovo.[35] Aleksandar Vučić, the president of Serbia, also stated that he would want the ban to be postponed.[36] He added that "if they don't want to keep the peace, Serbia will win";[37] Kurti accused Vučić and Petar Petković, the director of the office for Kosovo and Metohija, for being responsible for the unrest.[38] According to the government of Serbia, one Serb was wounded at the Jarinje border crossing, although the government of Kosovo denied that and stated that only some shooting occurred.[39][40] Additionally, one gunman also fired on the Kosovo Police.[34]

August edit

After negotiations with the diplomatic representatives of the United States and the European Union, the government of Kosovo announced on 1 August that it would temporarily postpone the ban on license plates that were issued by Serbia, after stating the decision a day prior.[41][42] This agreement was welcomed by Josep Borrell, the high representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, and Miroslav Lajčák, the European Union Special Representative for the Belgrade-Pristina dialogue.[41] On the same day, Balkan Insight reported that social media users spread disinformation about a "full-scale war".[43] A day later, KFOR confirmed that the barricades that were put up on 31 July were removed, after which the border crossing was opened again for use.[44][45]

The Kosovo Police reported that one of their patrols was attacked with fire on 6 August near the border.[46] Opposition political parties in Kosovo accused Kurti of "scaring investors about a possible new conflict with Serbia"; Kurti denied the accusations and instead blamed Russia and Vladimir Putin, accusing them of spreading disinformation.[47][48] At a joint news conference and negotiations with Kurti and Vučić, Jens Stoltenberg, the secretary general of NATO, stated that "NATO urges restraint but stands ready to intervene if needed".[49][50] A day later, Borrell met with Kurti and Vučić; Borrell stated that the meeting ended without an agreement, but that the talks would also resume in the following days.[51][52] On 19 August, NATO deployed further KFOR forces in North Kosovo for peacekeeping purposes.[53] Additionally, Vučić stated that KFOR forces should "do their job" and vowed to "defend Kosovo Serbs if NATO failed to do so".[54]

Borrell announced that the ID document dispute was settled on 27 August.[55] It was announced that Serbia agreed to abolish entry and exit documents for Kosovo ID holders while Kosovo committed to refrain from implementing such measures for Serbian ID holders.[55] Vučić stated that he was "very happy that we found a solution", while Igor Simić, the vice president of the Serb List, stated that "this was the victory of Serbian diplomacy".[56][57] Kurti also praised the agreement, but received criticism from opposition parties in Kosovo due to allegedly continuing the policy of his opponent Hashim Thaçi.[58][59] Political parties in Serbia, such as the People's Party (Narodna) and Dveri, criticized the agreement.[59]

September edit

The agreement, which was signed on 27 August, started being implemented on 1 September.[60][61] Ana Brnabić, the prime minister of Serbia, visited North Mitrovica on 5 September where she met with representatives of the Serb List.[62][63] During her speech, she stated that she would be willing to "compromise in the interest of peace and stability".[64] On the same day, Emmanuel Macron, the president of France, and Olaf Scholz, the chancellor of Germany, urged Vučić and Kurti to "move past differences at a moment of crucial importance for security".[65] In a speech to the National Assembly of Serbia on 13 September, Vučić stated that "a realistic solution should be offered for Kosovo, but Serbia will not recognize its independence".[66]

A proposed agreement that was sent by Lajčák, Jens Plötner [de] and Emmanuel Bonne, associates of Scholz and Macron respectively, was leaked on 19 September.[67][68][69] A day later, NATO announced that it would send more KFOR forces in case of new tensions.[70] The ministry of internal affairs of Kosovo confirmed on 21 September that cars with license plates that were issued by Serbia will be considered to be unregistered after 1 November.[71]

October edit

In early October, Kosovo and Serbia confirmed the existence of the proposed agreement.[72] Vučić stated that according to the proposed agreement, Kosovo would receive membership in the United Nations, while Serbia in exchange would receive a sped up accession to the European Union.[73][74] Radio Free Europe disputed this claim and instead claimed that the agreement includes "development of good relations on the basis of equal rights, recognition of national symbols, special arrangement for the Serb community and the Serbian Orthodox Church in Kosovo, deepening cooperation at all levels, an agreement on all prior agreements and that Serbia will not oppose Kosovo's membership in any international organization".[75] Osmani stated that the proposed agreement is "a good basis for talks" but that "we never said that the document as such without any changes can be acceptable for Kosovo".[76] The media has dubbed the agreement as "German-French proposal".[77][78]

Gabriel Escobar, the U.S. State Department special envoy for the Balkans, stated on 20 October that Kosovo should postpone the deadline.[79] Goran Rakić, the leader of the Serb List, met with Vučić on 27 October.[80] During a press conference, Rakić stated that "if Kosovo starts enforcing the confiscation of vehicles and license plates, we will use all means against it" but assured that "all democratic and peaceful means" would be only used.[80][81] Kurti declined to postpone the deadline,[82] although on 28 October he announced a phased implementation of the change of license plates up to 21 April.[83][84] He also added that cars with license plates that were issued by Serbia will be "reprimanded, then fined, and then forced to attach probationary plates to their cars".[83]

November edit

 
A Serbian Army base located near the Kosovo border

The phased implementation began on 1 November.[85][86] A day later, Nenad Đurić, the director of the Regional Police Directorate for North Kosovo, stated that the police in North Kosovo would not implement the decision on the re-registration of license plates that were issued by Serbia to the ones that are issued by Kosovo.[87] On 5 November, hundreds of Kosovo Serb police officers, mayors, judges, and Serb List members of parliament withdrew from government institutions in protest.[88][89][90] In response, Kurti, Borrell, and Christopher R. Hill, the United States ambassador to Serbia, stated that "withdrawing is not the answer to the crisis", while Vučić accused Kurti of ignoring the Brussels Agreement; Kurti stated three days prior that the Community of Serb Municipalities does not exist.[88][91] On 6 November, a protest that was organized by the Serb List was held in North Mitrovica.[92][93] Mass resignations of Kosovo Serbs continued to take place after the resignations on 5 November, after which Kurti accused Serbia of "trying to destabilize Kosovo".[94][95] As a response, NATO deployed more KFOR peacekeeping troops.[96]

Ivica Dačić, now-minister of foreign affairs of Serbia, stated on 6 November that the proposed agreement is "unacceptable" and claimed that the agreement "starts from the position that Kosovo is independent".[97] Kurti and Vučić met with Macron and Borrell in France on 11 November where they discussed about the crisis.[98][99] Borrell said that Kurti and Vučić did not reject the proposed agreement and that Kosovo Serbs should return to the government institutions, while he also urged Kurti to form the Community of Serb Municipalities.[99][100] Vučić also accused Germany and United Kingdom of allegedly backing Kurti.[101] Following the meeting, Osmani announced that local elections will be held in four municipalities in North Kosovo in December 2022; the election was later postponed to April 2023.[102] Kurti and Vučić met again with Lajčák and Borrell to discuss about the implementation of license plates on 21 November.[103] They failed to reach an agreement, although Kurti soon after announced that he had accepted the proposal from the United States to postpone the application of the measure to punish car owners who have not changed license plates that were issued by Serbia for two days.[103][104] A day later, another series of talks were held during which an agreement between Kosovo and Serbia was reached.[105] Borrell stated that Kosovo and Serbia would now "concentrate on normalizing their relations", while Petković, who was one of the negotiators, stated that license plates that were issued by Serbia would continue to be in use in North Kosovo.[105][106][107] On the same day, two anti-government protests were held in North Mitrovica and Gračanica.[108][109][110]

Amidst the crisis, the ministry of defence of Serbia claimed that "several drones have entered Serbian airspace from Kosovo over past three days" on 2 November.[111] Vučić ordered to "eliminate" any drones that enter the Serbian airspace and placed the Serbian Army on "high alert".[111][112] The ministry of defence of Serbia also claimed that a "commercial drone" was destroyed near army barracks in Raška, although Armend Mehaj, the minister of defence of Kosovo, denied that any drones from Kosovo entered the Serbian airspace.[112][113]

December edit

 
A barricade in North Kosovo on 12 December 2022
 
A protest was held in Belgrade on 12 December 2022 in support of Kosovo Serbs
 
Kosovo Serbs held an anti-government protest near Zvečan on 22 December 2022

Kurti appointed Nenad Rašić as the minister of communities and returns on 1 December, a position which was held by Rakić until his resignation on 5 November.[114] Serb List claimed that his appointment was "unconstitutional", while Vučić called Rašić the "worst Serbian scum" during a press conference.[115][116] During the EU-Western Balkans summit in Tirana on 6 December, Vučić and Osmani received an updated version of the proposed agreement.[117][118] Additionally, Osmani officially announced that Kosovo would apply to join the European Union in December 2022;[117][119] Kosovo formally signed an application to seek the candidate status for European Union membership on 14 December, with Vučić claiming that Kosovo violated the Washington Agreement by signing the application.[120][121][122]

On 8 December, Petković stated that Serbia would consider deploying 1,000 Serbian military forces to Kosovo, citing content of the Article 4 and Annex 2, Article 6 of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, due to claims that the Regional Operational Support Unit (ROSU) allegedly raided North Mitrovica.[123][124][125] The government of Kosovo denied that ROSU entered North Mitrovica, stating that "it was the police, and not some other unit".[123][126] On the same day, Kosovo Police reported that a group of armed people attacked one of their police officers.[127][128] A day later, Brnabić agreed with Petković and accused KFOR of "failing to protect Serbs" from an alleged harassment of Kosovo Serbs.[129] Osmani described the consideration as "an act of aggression".[130] On 10 December, Vučić stated that he will send a request to KFOR in order to deploy military and police forces in Kosovo, although he also added that he "knows that this request will be rejected".[131][132][133] Escobar stated on 13 December that "the United States is against Serbia sending military forces to Kosovo".[134] Serbia sent a request to KFOR for the deployment of 1,000 Serbian military and police forces on 16 December.[135][136] A number of barricades began forming after an arrest of Dejan Pantić, a former police officer of Serb ethnicity, on the same day.[137][138] It was reported that the barricades were seen at Leposavić and Zvečan and that air raid sirens were also turned on.[137] Kosovo Police then announced that border crossings at Jarinje and Brnjak would be closed.[137] Xhelal Sveçla, the minister of internal affairs of Kosovo, stated that Pantić was one of the suspects who attacked police officers in the days preceding the formation of the barricades;[138] Pantić was sentenced to a house arrest on 28 December.[139] A day later, a stun grenade was thrown at a car that belonged to the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo (EULEX), although there were no reported injuries.[140][141] Borrell and NATO condemned the attack, with Borrell also stating that the barricades should be removed.[142][143] On the same day, Kurti asked KFOR to guarantee "freedom of movement" after accusing demonstrators of blocking the roads, while Vučić vowed to "maintain peace".[140][144] The protests remained peaceful while schools in North Kosovo were temporarily closed.[145][146]

An ultranationalist protest in support of Kosovo Serbs was held in Belgrade on 12 December; demonstrators chanted slogans such as "Kosovo is Serbia" and burned Kosovo flags.[147][148] The protest was attended by far-right groups such as Dveri, People's Patrol, and Serbian Right.[149] On the same day, Borrell announced that the European Union would reinforce EULEX, which is tasked with patrolling North Kosovo.[150][151] After a meeting with Kurti on 13 December, Lajčák said that the "barricades should be removed with a political agreement, rather than with bulldozers", while Escobar said that he expects an agreement regarding the Community of Serb Municipalities.[152][153] People's Patrol and other far-right groups staged another protest on 18 December, although this time at the Jarinje border crossing.[154] The demonstrators were stopped by KFOR after they tried to go through the border crossing.[155] Kosovo Serbs organized a mass protest near Zvečan on 22 December.[156] At the protest, Rakić demanded the government to "release all arrested Serbs and to withdraw the Kosovo Police from North Kosovo".[157] A shooting occurred on 25 December at Zubin Potok after Kosovo Police allegedly attempted to remove barricades from a nearby road;[158][159] Kosovo Police denied this, however KFOR confirmed that some shooting did occur near their patrols.[160][161][162] Shortly after, more barricades were formed near North Mitrovica and the Merdare border crossing, while Miloš Vučević, the minister of defence of Serbia, announced that the Serbian Army was put up "on the highest level of alert", with the order coming from Vučić.[162][163][164] Due to the barricades, the government of Kosovo closed the Merdare border crossing on 28 December.[165][166] A day later, Kosovo Serbs agreed to start dismantling the barricades after an agreement that was reached a day prior;[167][168] they were removed by 30 December.[169] Caroline Ziadeh, the head of UNMIK, welcomed this decision, while the "increased combat readiness" of the Serbian Army was also abolished.[170][171] Border crossings were also re-opened.[172]

2023 edit

January edit

On 8 January, it was announced that KFOR declined Serbia's request to deploy up to 1,000 Serbian military and police forces in Kosovo.[173][174] Kurti and Osmani met with Derek Chollet, the counselor of the United States Department of State, on 11 January, and two days later, Chollet met with Vučić.[175][176] Chollet stated that "Serbia and Kosovo should normalize relations" and that "in the end, Serbia will have to recognize some of Kosovo's sovereignty", while "Kosovo should give ethnic Serbs more autonomy".[177] After consultations on 20 January, Lajčák, Escobar, Plötner, Bonne, and Francesco Talo, the diplomatic advisor to prime minister of Italy Giorgia Meloni, expressed their support for the "French-German proposal", while Lajčák commented that the "formation of the Community of Serb Municipalities is crucial".[178] On 23 January, the Kosovo Police shot at a car on the Mitrovica-Leposavić highway, wounding one Serb; Kosovo Police claimed that the car previously "hit a police car, putting the life of a police officer in direct danger".[179][180]

February edit

After negotiations with Lajčák on 6 February, Kurti announced that he would accept the French-German proposal, stating that "it would be a good basis for further negotiations".[181][182] Additionally, Kurti stated that "the formation of the Community of Serb Municipalities will be only possible after mutual recognition from Serbia".[183]

April edit

On 10 April, a Serb civilian was shot and wounded while driving near a Kosovo Police checkpoint. The police initially denied the shooting had occurred, but hours later, four officers were arrested and remanded in custody for 48 hours—one for opening fire and three for not reporting the incident.[184] In protest of recent events, the Serb population of North Kosovo boycotted the local elections of 23 April 2023, which were originally supposed to take place the previous December but were postponed. Kosovar election officials set up shipping containers next to roads and used them as makeshift polling stations guarded by heavily-armed members of the Kosovo Police.[185] Of 45,000 eligible voters, only 1,567 ballots were cast, representing a turnout of 3.47 per cent—the lowest in Kosovo's history. Despite the low turnout, U.S. officials announced they would recognize the results.[186] As a result of the boycott, ethnic Albanian mayors were elected in all four municipalities. The Vetëvendosje party of Kosovo's prime minister Albin Kurti won the mayoral races in North Mitrovica and Leposavić, while candidates from the opposition Democratic Party of Kosovo were declared the winners in Zvečan and Zubin Potok.[187]

May edit

On 26 May 2023, Kosovo police took control of the municipal buildings in Zvečan, Zubin Potok and Leposavić to allow the newly elected mayors – with whom ethnic Serbs had refused to cooperate – to assume office. A week earlier, in North Mitrovica, the transition was handled peacefully. Protesters had gathered in front of the municipal buildings. A civil disturbance took place in Zvečan, during which the protesters unsuccessfully tried to stop the police from escorting the mayor inside. Ten protesters were treated for light injuries and tear gas inhalation, while five police officers received minor injuries.[188][189] The flag of Serbia was removed from all four municipal buildings and replaced with the flag of Kosovo.[190][191] Serbia declared that its armed forces have raised the level of combat readiness and have been moved closer to the border.[192] Kosovar authorities' use of force to protect the mayors was condemned by the United States and the EU.[193][188]

On 29 May 2023, clashes erupted in northern Kosovo leading to injuries to 25 KFOR peacekeepers from Hungary and Italy. Up to 50 ethnic Serb protestors were also injured.[194]

June edit

On 13 June, Kosovo police entered Zvečan and arrested local Serb leader Milun Milenković – accusing him of organizing Serb protests – leading to riots which left three police officers injured.[195][196] The next day, Serbian police arrested three Kosovo police officers, claiming that they crossed into Central Serbia, Kosovo denied the allegation, instead accusing Serbian police of entering Kosovo and kidnapping the officers.[197][198] As a result, Kosovo announced a ban on the entry of vehicles with Serbian license plates and goods. Despite the ban, it was reported that Serbian vehicles were still being allowed to enter after going through tightened border controls, something which Kurti himself acknowledged in a press conference on 15 June.[199][200] On 26 June, Serbia released the three police officers and let them back into Kosovo.[201][202]

On 29 June, Kosovo declared two Serb groups – Northern Brigade and Civil Defense – terrorist organizations,[203] although the Serb List denied the existence of either.[204] The United States and the EU condemned the unilateral nature of Kosovo's decision.[205][206]

July edit

On 11 July, Kosovo announced a one-quarter reduction of special police forces in front of the Northern municipal buildings, as well as new mayoral elections in North Kosovo.[207][208]

On 31 July, The hospital in North Mitrovica announced that they are facing a shortage of food and medical supplies due to the closure of border crossings with Serbia, which was their main supplier, further warning that they could soon face a humanitarian disaster.[209][210]

September edit

Main article: Banjska attack

On 24 September 2023, a group of about 30 armed Kosovo Serbs and Serbian militants ambushed Kosovo Police units in the village of Banjska, Zvečan, North Kosovo, resulting in one policeman being killed and two others wounded. The armed group then entered the Banjska Monastery where pilgrims from Novi Sad had been staying and barricaded themselves inside before Kosovo Special Forces entered and cleared the monastery. At least three of the armed men were killed and the Kosovar Police apprehended six others.[211][212][213]

October edit

Meetings in Brussels between Serbia and Kosovo in October made no progress with Kosovo claiming Serbia had not signed the February agreement nor the implementation plan whilst Serbia reiterated it could not agree to Kosovo independence nor Kosovo joining the UN.[214]

Reactions edit

In early August, Edi Rama, the prime minister of Albania, commented on the tensions that occurred on 31 July and stated that Kosovo should join the Open Balkan economic and political zone in order to avoid potential war;[215] this was later echoed by Hill.[216] Maria Zakharova, the spokeswoman of the ministry of foreign affairs of Russia, accused Kosovo Albanians of escalating the conflict, while Dmitry Peskov, the Kremlin press secretary, stated that Russia demands that "all rights of Serbs to be respected".[217] Later in December, Peskov said that "Russia supports Belgrade in the actions that are being taken".[218] Richard Grenell, the special presidential envoy for Serbia and Kosovo Peace Negotiations under the administration of Donald Trump, stated that he was disappointed with the progress of the negotiations.[219]

After the leak of the proposed agreement in late September 2022, Dušan Janjić from the Belgrade Forum for Ethnic Relations stated that the agreement is about "putting the dialogue exclusively on a political level", while Bodo Weber, a journalist and political analyst, stated that the agreement "might change the flow of the dialogue" but he also assessed that "Kosovo and Serbia are still far from a final agreement".[220] Milorad Dodik, the president of Republika Srpska, stated that the Republika Srpska, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, is "ready to help the Serbian people in Kosovo, even beyond its capacity".[221] Later in January 2023, Dodik praised Vučić regarding his role in the crisis and stated that "Serbia should never recognize Kosovo".[222] Weber described the mass resignation of Kosovo Serbs from Kosovo institutions as "the crisis as a consequence of the de facto absence of negotiations".[223] Konrad Clewing, an expert for the Leibniz Institute for Eastern and Southeastern European Research, stated that the mass resignation could create "huge consequences".[224]

After the announcement that Serbia would consider deploying 1,000 Serbian military forces to Kosovo, Deutsche Welle stated that the request to deploy is possible according to Resolution 1244, although observers noted that the deployment would be "futile because it would lead to a direct confrontation with the international police and military units stationed in Kosovo".[225] Radio Free Europe stated that according to the Resolution 1244, Serbian personnel could return and perform certain functions in Kosovo, although these functions only include connection with the international civilian mission and international security presence, clearing minefields, maintaining a presence at Serbian cultural heritage sites and at main border crossings.[130] Analysts also stated that the request would most likely be declined.[130][226] Boris Tadić, former president of Serbia, criticized the government of Serbia and stated that Petković and Brnabić "misled the public", while Momir Stojanović, the former head of the Military Security Agency, said that the return of Serbian forces to Kosovo is "impossible".[227][228] Rama described it as a "surreal move".[229] Janjić stated that "it is not illegal to consider doing this" but that "in this case it is not desirable", while Ivo Visković, a diplomat and former professor at the Faculty of Political Sciences at the University of Belgrade, stated that "now is the time when diplomacy should work".[130][230] Additionally, the United States and Peter Stano, the spokesperson of the European Union, asked for de-escalation.[230][231]

In January 2023, politicians and political parties in Serbia voiced their reactions regarding the French-German proposal. Tadić claimed that the proposal would allow Kosovo to join the United Nations even if it is not explicitly mentioned in the proposal.[232] Narodna, Dveri, National Democratic Alternative, and Serbian Party Oathkeepers have called for the rejection of the proposal.[232][233] The Party of Freedom and Justice, Democratic Party, and Do not let Belgrade drown have called for Vučić to reveal the content of the proposal to the public.[234][235] In Kosovo, publicist Veton Surroi assessed that "these negotiations are the most serious since the Ahtisaari Plan", while Avdullah Hoti, the former prime minister of Kosovo, stated that "relations with the United States are of existential importance to Kosovo".[236][237]

See also edit

References edit

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December 03, 2023
north, kosovo, crisis, 2022, present, beginning, july, 2022, tensions, between, kosovo, serbia, heightened, expiration, eleven, year, validity, period, documents, cars, august, 2022, between, government, kosovo, serbs, north, kosovo, kosovo, which, declared, i. Beginning on 31 July 2022 tensions between Kosovo and Serbia heightened due to the expiration of the eleven year validity period of documents for cars on 1 August 2022 between the government of Kosovo and the Serbs in North Kosovo Kosovo which declared independence in 2008 signed an agreement with Serbia in 2011 that determined the use of license plates in North Kosovo This agreement was supposed to change license plates from the ones that were issued by Serbia to neutral ones The agreement for the change was extended in 2016 and expired in 2021 which led to a crisis in 2021 that ended with an agreement to terminate the ban of Kosovo issued license plates in Serbia North Kosovo crisisJarinjeBrnjakNorth MitrovicaPristinaMerdareZvecanBanjskaDate31 July 2022 present 1 year 3 months 3 weeks and 4 days LocationNorth Kosovo and Merdare border crossing spillover into SerbiaStatusOngoing Agreement reached regarding license plates Kosovo Serbs withdraw from Kosovo government institutions Serbia submits a request to Kosovo Force to deploy 1 000 Serbian troops to Kosovo which is declined Kosovo Serbs barricade roads from 10 30 December 2022 Kosovo formally seeks candidate status for EU membership Serbian boycott of local elections ethnic Albanian mayors elected in all four North Kosovo municipalities in April 2023 Kosovo takes control of the Serb controlled municipal offices by force causing a civil disturbance 30 NATO peacekeeping troops are injured during protests Kosovo bans imports from Serbia on 14 June after 3 police officers are captured by Serbian forces 30 Serb paramilitary members enter Kosovo on 24 September killing 1 officer and injuring 2 othersBelligerentsSerb List PKS Serbs of Kosovo Police 2022 Civilna Zastita 1 Severna Brigada 2 Supported by SerbiaDiplomatic support Republika Srpska Russia Romania citation needed China 3 Hungary 4 5 NATO European Union KosovoDiplomatic support Albania 6 Commanders and leadersGoran Rakic Milan Radoicic Igor Simic Aleksandar JablanovicSupported by Aleksandar Vucic Petar PetkovicAngelo Michele Ristuccia Josep Borrell Miroslav LajcakVjosa Osmani Albin Kurti Xhelal SveclaUnits involvedKosovo Force EULEXKosovo Police Kosovo Special ForcesCasualties and losses3 members of an armed unit killed 7 8 9 6 other members wounded Serbian claim 55 protesters injured19 wounded 11 woundedKosovo Police 1 Kosovo police officer killed 8 3 Kosovo police officers wounded 3 Kosovo police officers captured by Serbia released on 26 June 10 11 After a Kosovo announcement that Serbian citizens who enter Kosovo will receive entry and exit documents a number of barricades were created in North Kosovo on 31 July 2022 but were removed two days later after Kosovo announced that it would postpone the ban on license plates issued by Serbia In August 2022 unsuccessful negotiations regarding license plates were held although the ID document dispute was solved A proposed agreement dubbed the German French proposal by the media would be the basis of consultations beginning in January 2023 Albin Kurti declined to postpone the deadline for license plates and instead announced a phased implementation that would run from November 2022 until April 2023 Before this began a number of Kosovo Serb police officers mayors judges and Serb List members of parliament resigned from government institutions Kosovo and Serbia negotiated again in November 2022 and they had found an agreement on 23 November 2022 which settled that license plates that Serbia issued would continue to be in use in North Kosovo Kosovo formally signed an application to seek candidate status for European Union membership on 14 December 2022 its impending signature resulted in a number of barricades being set up in North Kosovo on 10 December they were dismantled on 30 December In Serbia far right groups staged protests in support of Kosovo Serbs In December 2022 Serbia submitted a request to Kosovo Force for the deployment of up to 1 000 Serbian military and police forces in Kosovo which ended up being rejected in January 2023 In April local elections were held boycotted by ethnic Serbs and based on an extremely low number of votes ethnic Albanian mayors were elected On 26 May 2023 Kosovo took control of the North Kosovo municipal buildings by force to enable the newly elected ethnic Albanian mayors to physically assume office A civil disturbance occurred and Serbia put its armed forces on alert The decision of Kosovo to use force was condemned by the United States and the EU With mayors unable to perform their duties in July Kosovo announced that new mayor elections will be held Contents 1 Background 2 Timeline 2 1 2022 2 1 1 July 2 1 2 August 2 1 3 September 2 1 4 October 2 1 5 November 2 1 6 December 2 2 2023 2 2 1 January 2 2 2 February 2 2 3 April 2 2 4 May 2 2 5 June 2 2 6 July 2 2 7 September 2 2 8 October 3 Reactions 4 See also 5 ReferencesBackground editSee also 2021 North Kosovo crisis Kosovo independence precedent and Kosovo War In 1991 Kosovo Albanians proclaimed the establishment of the Republic of Kosova with Albania only recognizing it as an independent state 12 13 The aftermath of the Kosovo War led to the United Nations establishing a governance in Kosovo and NATO establishing the Kosovo Force KFOR 14 Kosovo then proclaimed independence from Serbia in 2008 Serbia did not recognize its independence 15 16 North Kosovo a majority Serb region in Kosovo is also largely opposed to independent Kosovo and prior to the 2013 Brussels Agreement it refused to acknowledge and recognize its independence 17 18 in a 2012 referendum 99 of voters in North Kosovo with a 75 turnout rejected the institutions of Kosovo although the referendum was rejected by Serbia and Kosovo 19 20 According to the Brussels Agreement the Community of Serb Municipalities was to be formed by 2016 although the government of Kosovo froze the deal in 2015 with the Constitutional Court declaring it as unconstitutional 21 22 An agreement between Serbia and Kosovo was concluded on the use of license plates in 2011 23 Up to that point Serbia issued Serbian license plates for North Kosovo although after the agreement the license plates were changed to neutral ones 23 This agreement was extended in 2016 and was valid until September 2021 23 After the expiration of the agreement a crisis occurred and it lasted until October 2021 when another agreement was reached which effectively ended the ban of Kosovar license plates in Serbia 24 25 This agreement was initially intended to be temporary although in April 2022 the agreement was extended for a further period 26 27 Timeline edit2022 edit July edit A number of Kosovo Serb civilians in North Kosovo began forming barricades on 31 July after the announcement that citizens of Serbia who enter Kosovo will receive documents for entry and exit 28 29 This led to KFOR sending troops to patrol the streets while the Kosovo Police ended up closing the border crossings at Jarinje and Brnjak 30 31 Nikola Selakovic then minister of foreign affairs of Serbia claimed that Albin Kurti the prime minister of Kosovo was preparing hell in the coming days for Serbs who live in Kosovo 32 It was also reported that air raid sirens were turned on in Zubin Potok and North Mitrovica 33 Roads were blocked near Jarinje and Brnjak border crossings 34 Later that day the ministry of defence of Serbia stated that the Serbian Army did not cross the border into Kosovo amid reports that it did enter Kosovo 35 Aleksandar Vucic the president of Serbia also stated that he would want the ban to be postponed 36 He added that if they don t want to keep the peace Serbia will win 37 Kurti accused Vucic and Petar Petkovic the director of the office for Kosovo and Metohija for being responsible for the unrest 38 According to the government of Serbia one Serb was wounded at the Jarinje border crossing although the government of Kosovo denied that and stated that only some shooting occurred 39 40 Additionally one gunman also fired on the Kosovo Police 34 August edit After negotiations with the diplomatic representatives of the United States and the European Union the government of Kosovo announced on 1 August that it would temporarily postpone the ban on license plates that were issued by Serbia after stating the decision a day prior 41 42 This agreement was welcomed by Josep Borrell the high representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Miroslav Lajcak the European Union Special Representative for the Belgrade Pristina dialogue 41 On the same day Balkan Insight reported that social media users spread disinformation about a full scale war 43 A day later KFOR confirmed that the barricades that were put up on 31 July were removed after which the border crossing was opened again for use 44 45 The Kosovo Police reported that one of their patrols was attacked with fire on 6 August near the border 46 Opposition political parties in Kosovo accused Kurti of scaring investors about a possible new conflict with Serbia Kurti denied the accusations and instead blamed Russia and Vladimir Putin accusing them of spreading disinformation 47 48 At a joint news conference and negotiations with Kurti and Vucic Jens Stoltenberg the secretary general of NATO stated that NATO urges restraint but stands ready to intervene if needed 49 50 A day later Borrell met with Kurti and Vucic Borrell stated that the meeting ended without an agreement but that the talks would also resume in the following days 51 52 On 19 August NATO deployed further KFOR forces in North Kosovo for peacekeeping purposes 53 Additionally Vucic stated that KFOR forces should do their job and vowed to defend Kosovo Serbs if NATO failed to do so 54 Borrell announced that the ID document dispute was settled on 27 August 55 It was announced that Serbia agreed to abolish entry and exit documents for Kosovo ID holders while Kosovo committed to refrain from implementing such measures for Serbian ID holders 55 Vucic stated that he was very happy that we found a solution while Igor Simic the vice president of the Serb List stated that this was the victory of Serbian diplomacy 56 57 Kurti also praised the agreement but received criticism from opposition parties in Kosovo due to allegedly continuing the policy of his opponent Hashim Thaci 58 59 Political parties in Serbia such as the People s Party Narodna and Dveri criticized the agreement 59 September edit The agreement which was signed on 27 August started being implemented on 1 September 60 61 Ana Brnabic the prime minister of Serbia visited North Mitrovica on 5 September where she met with representatives of the Serb List 62 63 During her speech she stated that she would be willing to compromise in the interest of peace and stability 64 On the same day Emmanuel Macron the president of France and Olaf Scholz the chancellor of Germany urged Vucic and Kurti to move past differences at a moment of crucial importance for security 65 In a speech to the National Assembly of Serbia on 13 September Vucic stated that a realistic solution should be offered for Kosovo but Serbia will not recognize its independence 66 A proposed agreement that was sent by Lajcak Jens Plotner de and Emmanuel Bonne associates of Scholz and Macron respectively was leaked on 19 September 67 68 69 A day later NATO announced that it would send more KFOR forces in case of new tensions 70 The ministry of internal affairs of Kosovo confirmed on 21 September that cars with license plates that were issued by Serbia will be considered to be unregistered after 1 November 71 October edit In early October Kosovo and Serbia confirmed the existence of the proposed agreement 72 Vucic stated that according to the proposed agreement Kosovo would receive membership in the United Nations while Serbia in exchange would receive a sped up accession to the European Union 73 74 Radio Free Europe disputed this claim and instead claimed that the agreement includes development of good relations on the basis of equal rights recognition of national symbols special arrangement for the Serb community and the Serbian Orthodox Church in Kosovo deepening cooperation at all levels an agreement on all prior agreements and that Serbia will not oppose Kosovo s membership in any international organization 75 Osmani stated that the proposed agreement is a good basis for talks but that we never said that the document as such without any changes can be acceptable for Kosovo 76 The media has dubbed the agreement as German French proposal 77 78 Gabriel Escobar the U S State Department special envoy for the Balkans stated on 20 October that Kosovo should postpone the deadline 79 Goran Rakic the leader of the Serb List met with Vucic on 27 October 80 During a press conference Rakic stated that if Kosovo starts enforcing the confiscation of vehicles and license plates we will use all means against it but assured that all democratic and peaceful means would be only used 80 81 Kurti declined to postpone the deadline 82 although on 28 October he announced a phased implementation of the change of license plates up to 21 April 83 84 He also added that cars with license plates that were issued by Serbia will be reprimanded then fined and then forced to attach probationary plates to their cars 83 November edit nbsp A Serbian Army base located near the Kosovo borderThe phased implementation began on 1 November 85 86 A day later Nenad Đuric the director of the Regional Police Directorate for North Kosovo stated that the police in North Kosovo would not implement the decision on the re registration of license plates that were issued by Serbia to the ones that are issued by Kosovo 87 On 5 November hundreds of Kosovo Serb police officers mayors judges and Serb List members of parliament withdrew from government institutions in protest 88 89 90 In response Kurti Borrell and Christopher R Hill the United States ambassador to Serbia stated that withdrawing is not the answer to the crisis while Vucic accused Kurti of ignoring the Brussels Agreement Kurti stated three days prior that the Community of Serb Municipalities does not exist 88 91 On 6 November a protest that was organized by the Serb List was held in North Mitrovica 92 93 Mass resignations of Kosovo Serbs continued to take place after the resignations on 5 November after which Kurti accused Serbia of trying to destabilize Kosovo 94 95 As a response NATO deployed more KFOR peacekeeping troops 96 Ivica Dacic now minister of foreign affairs of Serbia stated on 6 November that the proposed agreement is unacceptable and claimed that the agreement starts from the position that Kosovo is independent 97 Kurti and Vucic met with Macron and Borrell in France on 11 November where they discussed about the crisis 98 99 Borrell said that Kurti and Vucic did not reject the proposed agreement and that Kosovo Serbs should return to the government institutions while he also urged Kurti to form the Community of Serb Municipalities 99 100 Vucic also accused Germany and United Kingdom of allegedly backing Kurti 101 Following the meeting Osmani announced that local elections will be held in four municipalities in North Kosovo in December 2022 the election was later postponed to April 2023 102 Kurti and Vucic met again with Lajcak and Borrell to discuss about the implementation of license plates on 21 November 103 They failed to reach an agreement although Kurti soon after announced that he had accepted the proposal from the United States to postpone the application of the measure to punish car owners who have not changed license plates that were issued by Serbia for two days 103 104 A day later another series of talks were held during which an agreement between Kosovo and Serbia was reached 105 Borrell stated that Kosovo and Serbia would now concentrate on normalizing their relations while Petkovic who was one of the negotiators stated that license plates that were issued by Serbia would continue to be in use in North Kosovo 105 106 107 On the same day two anti government protests were held in North Mitrovica and Gracanica 108 109 110 Amidst the crisis the ministry of defence of Serbia claimed that several drones have entered Serbian airspace from Kosovo over past three days on 2 November 111 Vucic ordered to eliminate any drones that enter the Serbian airspace and placed the Serbian Army on high alert 111 112 The ministry of defence of Serbia also claimed that a commercial drone was destroyed near army barracks in Raska although Armend Mehaj the minister of defence of Kosovo denied that any drones from Kosovo entered the Serbian airspace 112 113 December edit nbsp A barricade in North Kosovo on 12 December 2022 nbsp A protest was held in Belgrade on 12 December 2022 in support of Kosovo Serbs nbsp Kosovo Serbs held an anti government protest near Zvecan on 22 December 2022 Kurti appointed Nenad Rasic as the minister of communities and returns on 1 December a position which was held by Rakic until his resignation on 5 November 114 Serb List claimed that his appointment was unconstitutional while Vucic called Rasic the worst Serbian scum during a press conference 115 116 During the EU Western Balkans summit in Tirana on 6 December Vucic and Osmani received an updated version of the proposed agreement 117 118 Additionally Osmani officially announced that Kosovo would apply to join the European Union in December 2022 117 119 Kosovo formally signed an application to seek the candidate status for European Union membership on 14 December with Vucic claiming that Kosovo violated the Washington Agreement by signing the application 120 121 122 On 8 December Petkovic stated that Serbia would consider deploying 1 000 Serbian military forces to Kosovo citing content of the Article 4 and Annex 2 Article 6 of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 due to claims that the Regional Operational Support Unit ROSU allegedly raided North Mitrovica 123 124 125 The government of Kosovo denied that ROSU entered North Mitrovica stating that it was the police and not some other unit 123 126 On the same day Kosovo Police reported that a group of armed people attacked one of their police officers 127 128 A day later Brnabic agreed with Petkovic and accused KFOR of failing to protect Serbs from an alleged harassment of Kosovo Serbs 129 Osmani described the consideration as an act of aggression 130 On 10 December Vucic stated that he will send a request to KFOR in order to deploy military and police forces in Kosovo although he also added that he knows that this request will be rejected 131 132 133 Escobar stated on 13 December that the United States is against Serbia sending military forces to Kosovo 134 Serbia sent a request to KFOR for the deployment of 1 000 Serbian military and police forces on 16 December 135 136 A number of barricades began forming after an arrest of Dejan Pantic a former police officer of Serb ethnicity on the same day 137 138 It was reported that the barricades were seen at Leposavic and Zvecan and that air raid sirens were also turned on 137 Kosovo Police then announced that border crossings at Jarinje and Brnjak would be closed 137 Xhelal Svecla the minister of internal affairs of Kosovo stated that Pantic was one of the suspects who attacked police officers in the days preceding the formation of the barricades 138 Pantic was sentenced to a house arrest on 28 December 139 A day later a stun grenade was thrown at a car that belonged to the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo EULEX although there were no reported injuries 140 141 Borrell and NATO condemned the attack with Borrell also stating that the barricades should be removed 142 143 On the same day Kurti asked KFOR to guarantee freedom of movement after accusing demonstrators of blocking the roads while Vucic vowed to maintain peace 140 144 The protests remained peaceful while schools in North Kosovo were temporarily closed 145 146 An ultranationalist protest in support of Kosovo Serbs was held in Belgrade on 12 December demonstrators chanted slogans such as Kosovo is Serbia and burned Kosovo flags 147 148 The protest was attended by far right groups such as Dveri People s Patrol and Serbian Right 149 On the same day Borrell announced that the European Union would reinforce EULEX which is tasked with patrolling North Kosovo 150 151 After a meeting with Kurti on 13 December Lajcak said that the barricades should be removed with a political agreement rather than with bulldozers while Escobar said that he expects an agreement regarding the Community of Serb Municipalities 152 153 People s Patrol and other far right groups staged another protest on 18 December although this time at the Jarinje border crossing 154 The demonstrators were stopped by KFOR after they tried to go through the border crossing 155 Kosovo Serbs organized a mass protest near Zvecan on 22 December 156 At the protest Rakic demanded the government to release all arrested Serbs and to withdraw the Kosovo Police from North Kosovo 157 A shooting occurred on 25 December at Zubin Potok after Kosovo Police allegedly attempted to remove barricades from a nearby road 158 159 Kosovo Police denied this however KFOR confirmed that some shooting did occur near their patrols 160 161 162 Shortly after more barricades were formed near North Mitrovica and the Merdare border crossing while Milos Vucevic the minister of defence of Serbia announced that the Serbian Army was put up on the highest level of alert with the order coming from Vucic 162 163 164 Due to the barricades the government of Kosovo closed the Merdare border crossing on 28 December 165 166 A day later Kosovo Serbs agreed to start dismantling the barricades after an agreement that was reached a day prior 167 168 they were removed by 30 December 169 Caroline Ziadeh the head of UNMIK welcomed this decision while the increased combat readiness of the Serbian Army was also abolished 170 171 Border crossings were also re opened 172 2023 edit January edit On 8 January it was announced that KFOR declined Serbia s request to deploy up to 1 000 Serbian military and police forces in Kosovo 173 174 Kurti and Osmani met with Derek Chollet the counselor of the United States Department of State on 11 January and two days later Chollet met with Vucic 175 176 Chollet stated that Serbia and Kosovo should normalize relations and that in the end Serbia will have to recognize some of Kosovo s sovereignty while Kosovo should give ethnic Serbs more autonomy 177 After consultations on 20 January Lajcak Escobar Plotner Bonne and Francesco Talo the diplomatic advisor to prime minister of Italy Giorgia Meloni expressed their support for the French German proposal while Lajcak commented that the formation of the Community of Serb Municipalities is crucial 178 On 23 January the Kosovo Police shot at a car on the Mitrovica Leposavic highway wounding one Serb Kosovo Police claimed that the car previously hit a police car putting the life of a police officer in direct danger 179 180 February edit After negotiations with Lajcak on 6 February Kurti announced that he would accept the French German proposal stating that it would be a good basis for further negotiations 181 182 Additionally Kurti stated that the formation of the Community of Serb Municipalities will be only possible after mutual recognition from Serbia 183 April edit On 10 April a Serb civilian was shot and wounded while driving near a Kosovo Police checkpoint The police initially denied the shooting had occurred but hours later four officers were arrested and remanded in custody for 48 hours one for opening fire and three for not reporting the incident 184 In protest of recent events the Serb population of North Kosovo boycotted the local elections of 23 April 2023 which were originally supposed to take place the previous December but were postponed Kosovar election officials set up shipping containers next to roads and used them as makeshift polling stations guarded by heavily armed members of the Kosovo Police 185 Of 45 000 eligible voters only 1 567 ballots were cast representing a turnout of 3 47 per cent the lowest in Kosovo s history Despite the low turnout U S officials announced they would recognize the results 186 As a result of the boycott ethnic Albanian mayors were elected in all four municipalities The Vetevendosje party of Kosovo s prime minister Albin Kurti won the mayoral races in North Mitrovica and Leposavic while candidates from the opposition Democratic Party of Kosovo were declared the winners in Zvecan and Zubin Potok 187 May edit On 26 May 2023 Kosovo police took control of the municipal buildings in Zvecan Zubin Potok and Leposavic to allow the newly elected mayors with whom ethnic Serbs had refused to cooperate to assume office A week earlier in North Mitrovica the transition was handled peacefully Protesters had gathered in front of the municipal buildings A civil disturbance took place in Zvecan during which the protesters unsuccessfully tried to stop the police from escorting the mayor inside Ten protesters were treated for light injuries and tear gas inhalation while five police officers received minor injuries 188 189 The flag of Serbia was removed from all four municipal buildings and replaced with the flag of Kosovo 190 191 Serbia declared that its armed forces have raised the level of combat readiness and have been moved closer to the border 192 Kosovar authorities use of force to protect the mayors was condemned by the United States and the EU 193 188 On 29 May 2023 clashes erupted in northern Kosovo leading to injuries to 25 KFOR peacekeepers from Hungary and Italy Up to 50 ethnic Serb protestors were also injured 194 June edit On 13 June Kosovo police entered Zvecan and arrested local Serb leader Milun Milenkovic accusing him of organizing Serb protests leading to riots which left three police officers injured 195 196 The next day Serbian police arrested three Kosovo police officers claiming that they crossed into Central Serbia Kosovo denied the allegation instead accusing Serbian police of entering Kosovo and kidnapping the officers 197 198 As a result Kosovo announced a ban on the entry of vehicles with Serbian license plates and goods Despite the ban it was reported that Serbian vehicles were still being allowed to enter after going through tightened border controls something which Kurti himself acknowledged in a press conference on 15 June 199 200 On 26 June Serbia released the three police officers and let them back into Kosovo 201 202 On 29 June Kosovo declared two Serb groups Northern Brigade and Civil Defense terrorist organizations 203 although the Serb List denied the existence of either 204 The United States and the EU condemned the unilateral nature of Kosovo s decision 205 206 July edit On 11 July Kosovo announced a one quarter reduction of special police forces in front of the Northern municipal buildings as well as new mayoral elections in North Kosovo 207 208 On 31 July The hospital in North Mitrovica announced that they are facing a shortage of food and medical supplies due to the closure of border crossings with Serbia which was their main supplier further warning that they could soon face a humanitarian disaster 209 210 September edit Main article Banjska attack On 24 September 2023 a group of about 30 armed Kosovo Serbs and Serbian militants ambushed Kosovo Police units in the village of Banjska Zvecan North Kosovo resulting in one policeman being killed and two others wounded The armed group then entered the Banjska Monastery where pilgrims from Novi Sad had been staying and barricaded themselves inside before Kosovo Special Forces entered and cleared the monastery At least three of the armed men were killed and the Kosovar Police apprehended six others 211 212 213 October edit Meetings in Brussels between Serbia and Kosovo in October made no progress with Kosovo claiming Serbia had not signed the February agreement nor the implementation plan whilst Serbia reiterated it could not agree to Kosovo independence nor Kosovo joining the UN 214 Reactions editIn early August Edi Rama the prime minister of Albania commented on the tensions that occurred on 31 July and stated that Kosovo should join the Open Balkan economic and political zone in order to avoid potential war 215 this was later echoed by Hill 216 Maria Zakharova the spokeswoman of the ministry of foreign affairs of Russia accused Kosovo Albanians of escalating the conflict while Dmitry Peskov the Kremlin press secretary stated that Russia demands that all rights of Serbs to be respected 217 Later in December Peskov said that Russia supports Belgrade in the actions that are being taken 218 Richard Grenell the special presidential envoy for Serbia and Kosovo Peace Negotiations under the administration of Donald Trump stated that he was disappointed with the progress of the negotiations 219 After the leak of the proposed agreement in late September 2022 Dusan Janjic from the Belgrade Forum for Ethnic Relations stated that the agreement is about putting the dialogue exclusively on a political level while Bodo Weber a journalist and political analyst stated that the agreement might change the flow of the dialogue but he also assessed that Kosovo and Serbia are still far from a final agreement 220 Milorad Dodik the president of Republika Srpska stated that the Republika Srpska an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina is ready to help the Serbian people in Kosovo even beyond its capacity 221 Later in January 2023 Dodik praised Vucic regarding his role in the crisis and stated that Serbia should never recognize Kosovo 222 Weber described the mass resignation of Kosovo Serbs from Kosovo institutions as the crisis as a consequence of the de facto absence of negotiations 223 Konrad Clewing an expert for the Leibniz Institute for Eastern and Southeastern European Research stated that the mass resignation could create huge consequences 224 After the announcement that Serbia would consider deploying 1 000 Serbian military forces to Kosovo Deutsche Welle stated that the request to deploy is possible according to Resolution 1244 although observers noted that the deployment would be futile because it would lead to a direct confrontation with the international police and military units stationed in Kosovo 225 Radio Free Europe stated that according to the Resolution 1244 Serbian personnel could return and perform certain functions in Kosovo although these functions only include connection with the international civilian mission and international security presence clearing minefields maintaining a presence at Serbian cultural heritage sites and at main border crossings 130 Analysts also stated that the request would most likely be declined 130 226 Boris Tadic former president of Serbia criticized the government of Serbia and stated that Petkovic and Brnabic misled the public while Momir Stojanovic the former head of the Military Security Agency said that the return of Serbian forces to Kosovo is impossible 227 228 Rama described it as a surreal move 229 Janjic stated that it is not illegal to consider doing this but that in this case it is not desirable while Ivo Viskovic a diplomat and former professor at the Faculty of Political Sciences at the University of Belgrade stated that now is the time when diplomacy should work 130 230 Additionally the United States and Peter Stano the spokesperson of the European Union asked for de escalation 230 231 In January 2023 politicians and political parties in Serbia voiced their reactions regarding the French German proposal Tadic claimed that the proposal would allow Kosovo to join the United Nations even if it is not explicitly mentioned in the proposal 232 Narodna Dveri National Democratic Alternative and Serbian Party Oathkeepers have called for the rejection of the proposal 232 233 The Party of Freedom and Justice Democratic Party and Do not let Belgrade drown have called for Vucic to reveal the content of the proposal to the public 234 235 In Kosovo publicist Veton Surroi assessed that these negotiations are the most serious since the Ahtisaari Plan while Avdullah Hoti the former prime minister of Kosovo stated that relations with the United States are of existential importance to Kosovo 236 237 See also editNorth Kosovo crisis 2011 2013 2021 North Kosovo crisisReferences edit Detaje per aksionin e policise dhe municionet qe u gjeten ne Banjske Details about the police action and the ammunition found in Banjska in Albanian Kallxo 25 September 2023 Archived from the original on 25 September 2023 Retrieved 25 September 2023 Svecla Sulmuesit pjese e organizatave Mbrojtja Civile dhe Brigada e Veriut Svecla The attackers are part of the Civil Defense and North Brigade organizations in Albanian Voice of America 25 September 2023 Archived from the original on 25 September 2023 Retrieved 25 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