Control of .ru is assigned to the Coordination Center for TLD RU (CC for TLD RU), the current official registry. On 1 January 2005, the former registry, the Russian Institute for Public Networks (RIPN), stopped new registrations directly under .ru, but still carried out registry operations for domain names under the second-level domains .com.ru, .net.ru, .org.ru and .pp.ru.
The company RELCOM also proposes third-level registrations beneath various second-level domains such as .msk.ru (Moscow), while Macomnet Telcom[2] proposes third-level registrations beneath .int.ru simultaneously.
The creation of .ru in April 1994 was preceded by a historical agreement in 1993 known as "The order of RU top-level domain administration". According to the agreement, administrative and technical support responsibilities for the .ru domain were to be handed over to RIPN. In 2002, the administrative functions were handed over to CC for TLD RU.
Development of .ru
The ccTLD is developing rapidly under self-regulation. In 1993, an informal union was formed, known as the RU Top-Level Domain Coordination Group (RU TLD CG). The union includes the leading Russian ISPs as well as scientific and educational networks entrusted by RIPN with RU domain administration.
In 1998, RIPN and RU TLD CG established a domain registration association. Subsequently, in 2000, a new system of domain name registration for .ru was introduced. It was a distributed system of second-level domain name registrations in .ru, through accredited registrars. The accredited registrars provide domain name registration and support services on a "first come, first served" basis to end-users.
RIPN became one of four co-founders of CC for TLD RU, but continued to support centralized technical aspects of the operation of .ru. All organizational and administrative functions were handed over to CC for TLD RU. To preserve historical continuity, one of CC for TLD RU's committees was established on the basis of RU TLD CG.
CC for TLD RU maintains domain name registration rules for .ru, the registrar accreditation procedure, and promotes perspective projects that involve the growth of .ru, whereas RIPN secures .ru technical base functions and supports DNS for the .ru DNS zone.
The current distributed registration system was first tested in 2001 and implemented in 2005.
Second-level domains
Although direct registration of second-level domains is widespread, there are a number of second-level domains designated for third-level domain name registrations depending on organizational type and geographic location. The full list is published on the CC for TLD RU website.[3]
Generic second-level domains
.ac.ru — scientific institutions and higher education
.com.ru — commercial organizations
.edu.ru — education
.gov.ru — Russia's federal government
.int.ru — international organizations
.mil.ru — the Russian military
.net.ru — organizations having to do with the Internet
.org.ru — noncommercial organizations
.pp.ru — individuals
Second-level domains for federal subjects of Russia
Some federal subjects have multiple second-level domains, and others (not listed below) have none.
^. Cctld.ru. Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
^. Cctld.ru. Archived from the original on 10 December 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
External links
IANA .ru whois information
Coordination Center for TLD RU
This article incorporates public domain material from World Factbook. CIA.
March 05, 2023
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources ru news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message ru is the Latin alphabet Internet country code top level domain ccTLD for Russia introduced on 7 April 1994 The Russian alphabet internationalized country code is rf ruIntroduced7 April 1994 28 years ago 1994 04 07 TLD typeCountry code top level domainStatusActiveRegistryCoordination Center for TLD RUIntended useEntities connected with RussiaActual useVery popular in RussiaRegistered domains5 381 137 January 2018 1 StructureRegistrations are permitted directly at the second level third level registrations are also possible under the rule of the official registryDocumentsDocumentsDispute policiesNoneDNSSECyesRegistry websitecctld ruControl of ru is assigned to the Coordination Center for TLD RU CC for TLD RU the current official registry On 1 January 2005 the former registry the Russian Institute for Public Networks RIPN stopped new registrations directly under ru but still carried out registry operations for domain names under the second level domains com ru net ru org ru and pp ru The company RELCOM also proposes third level registrations beneath various second level domains such as msk ru Moscow while Macomnet Telcom 2 proposes third level registrations beneath int ru simultaneously Contents 1 Background 2 Development of ru 3 Second level domains 3 1 Generic second level domains 3 2 Second level domains for federal subjects of Russia 3 3 Other geographic second level domains 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksBackground EditThe creation of ru in April 1994 was preceded by a historical agreement in 1993 known as The order of RU top level domain administration According to the agreement administrative and technical support responsibilities for the ru domain were to be handed over to RIPN In 2002 the administrative functions were handed over to CC for TLD RU Development of ru EditThe ccTLD is developing rapidly under self regulation In 1993 an informal union was formed known as the RU Top Level Domain Coordination Group RU TLD CG The union includes the leading Russian ISPs as well as scientific and educational networks entrusted by RIPN with RU domain administration In 1998 RIPN and RU TLD CG established a domain registration association Subsequently in 2000 a new system of domain name registration for ru was introduced It was a distributed system of second level domain name registrations in ru through accredited registrars The accredited registrars provide domain name registration and support services on a first come first served basis to end users RIPN became one of four co founders of CC for TLD RU but continued to support centralized technical aspects of the operation of ru All organizational and administrative functions were handed over to CC for TLD RU To preserve historical continuity one of CC for TLD RU s committees was established on the basis of RU TLD CG CC for TLD RU maintains domain name registration rules for ru the registrar accreditation procedure and promotes perspective projects that involve the growth of ru whereas RIPN secures ru technical base functions and supports DNS for the ru DNS zone The current distributed registration system was first tested in 2001 and implemented in 2005 Second level domains EditAlthough direct registration of second level domains is widespread there are a number of second level domains designated for third level domain name registrations depending on organizational type and geographic location The full list is published on the CC for TLD RU website 3 Generic second level domains Edit ac ru scientific institutions and higher education com ru commercial organizations edu ru education gov ru Russia s federal government int ru international organizations mil ru the Russian military net ru organizations having to do with the Internet org ru noncommercial organizations pp ru individualsSecond level domains for federal subjects of Russia Edit Some federal subjects have multiple second level domains and others not listed below have none adygeya ru Adygea bashkiria ru Bashkortostan buryatia ru ulan ude ru Buryatia grozny ru Chechnya cap ru Chuvashia dagestan ru Dagestan nalchik ru Kabardino Balkaria kalmykia ru Kalmykia kchr ru Karachay Cherkessia karelia ru ptz ru Republic of Karelia khakassia ru Khakassia komi ru Komi Republic mari el ru mari ru joshkar ola ru Mari El mordovia ru Mordovia yakutia ru Sakha Republic vladikavkaz ru North Ossetia Alania kazan ru tatarstan ru Tatarstan tuva ru Tuva izhevsk ru udmurtia ru udm ru Udmurtia altai ru Altai Krai kamchatka ru Kamchatka Krai palana ru was used by Koryak Autonomous Okrug before it was merged into Kamchatka Krai khabarovsk ru khv ru Khabarovsk Krai kuban ru Krasnodar Krai krasnoyarsk ru Krasnoyarsk Krai perm ru Perm Krai marine ru vladivostok ru Primorsky Krai stavropol ru stv ru Stavropol Krai chita ru Zabaykalsky Krai amur ru Amur Oblast arkhangelsk ru Arkhangelsk Oblast astrakhan ru Astrakhan Oblast belgorod ru Belgorod Oblast bryansk ru Bryansk Oblast chelyabinsk ru chel ru Chelyabinsk Oblast ivanovo ru Ivanovo Oblast irkutsk ru Irkutsk Oblast koenig ru Kaliningrad Oblast kaluga ru Kaluga Oblast kemerovo ru Kemerovo Oblast kirov ru vyatka ru Kirov Oblast kostroma ru Kostroma Oblast kurgan ru Kurgan Oblast kursk ru Kursk Oblast lipetsk ru Lipetsk Oblast magadan ru Magadan Oblast mosreg ru Moscow Oblast murmansk ru Murmansk Oblast nnov ru Nizhny Novgorod Oblast nov ru Novgorod Oblast novosibirsk ru nsk ru Novosibirsk Oblast omsk ru Omsk Oblast orenburg ru Orenburg Oblast oryol ru Oryol Oblast penza ru Penza Oblast pskov ru Pskov Oblast rnd ru Rostov Oblast ryazan ru Ryazan Oblast samara ru Samara Oblast saratov ru Saratov Oblast sakhalin ru yuzhno sakhalinsk ru Sakhalin Oblast e burg ru yekaterinburg ru Sverdlovsk Oblast smolensk ru Smolensk Oblast tambov ru Tambov Oblast tver ru Tver Oblast tomsk ru tom ru tsk ru Tomsk Oblast tula ru Tula Oblast tyumen ru Tyumen Oblast simbirsk ru Ulyanovsk Oblast vladimir ru Vladimir Oblast volgograd ru tsaritsyn ru Volgograd Oblast vologda ru Vologda Oblast cbg ru voronezh ru vrn ru Voronezh Oblast yaroslavl ru Yaroslavl Oblast mos ru msk ru Moscow spb ru Saint Petersburg bir ru jar ru Jewish Autonomous Oblast chukotka ru Chukotka Autonomous Okrug surgut ru Khanty Mansi Autonomous Okrug yamal ru Yamalo Nenets Autonomous OkrugOther geographic second level domains Edit These were created before rules were established for geographic second level domain names in ru and have had to be grandfathered in 4 amursk ru Amursk baikal ru Lake Baikal region cmw ru Kislovodsk Pyatigorsk Yessentuki Zheleznovodsk fareast ru the Russian Far East jamal ru Yamal Peninsula kms ru Komsomolsk na Amure k uralsk ru Kamensk Uralsky kustanai ru Kustanai kuzbass ru the Kuznetsk Basin magnitka ru Magnitogorsk mytis ru Mytischi nakhodka ru Nakhodka nkz ru Novokuznetsk norilsk ru Norilsk snz ru Snezhinsk oskol ru Stary Oskol pyatigorsk ru Pyatigorsk rubtsovsk ru Rubtsovsk syzran ru Syzran tlt ru Tolyatti vdonsk ru VolgodonskIn addition the test ru second level domain is reserved for use in examples in documentation See also Edit Internet portal Russia portalInternet in Russia su Technical Center of InternetReferences Edit Domeny Rossii Celi ispol zovanija domenov Domeny Rossii Celi ispolzovaniya domenov in Russian cctld ru tcinet ru Retrieved 1 June 2017 int ru Perechen zarezervirovannyh domennyh imen Cctld ru Archived from the original on 22 February 2012 Retrieved 15 January 2012 Reglament i tarify na uslugi po registracii domenov Cctld ru Archived from the original on 10 December 2011 Retrieved 15 January 2012 External links EditIANA ru whois information Coordination Center for TLD RU RIPN This article incorporates public domain material from World Factbook CIA Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title ru amp oldid 1131592814, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
