After 1989 a set of new internet domains was created in Europe, including .pl (Poland), .cs (Czechoslovakia), .yu (Yugoslavia) and .dd (East Germany). Among them, there was also a domain for the USSR – .su.[7] Initially, before two-letter ccTLDs became standard, the Soviet Union was to receive a .ussr domain. The .su domain was proposed by the 19-year-old Finnish student Petri Ojala.[8] On 26 December 1991 the country was dissolved and its constituent republics gained independence, which should have caused the domain to begin a phase-out process, as happened with those of East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. Until 1994[7] there was no assigned top-level domain name for Russia. For this reason the country continued to use the Soviet domain. In 1994 the .ru domain was created, which is supposed to eventually replace the .su domain[7] (domains for the republics other than Russia were created at different times in the mid-nineties). The domain was supposed to be withdrawn by ICANN, but it was kept at the request of the Russian government and Internet users.[7]
In 2001, the managers of the domain stated that they would commence accepting new .su registrations, but it is unclear whether this action was compatible with ICANN policies.[9] ICANN has expressed intentions to terminate the .su domain and IANA states that the domain is being phased out,[3][10] but lobbyists stated in September 2007 that they had started negotiations with ICANN on retaining the domain.[10][9] In the first quarter of 2008, .su registrations increased by 45%.[9]
Usageedit
The domain was intended to be used by Soviet institutions and companies operating in the USSR. The dissolution of the Soviet Union meant that the new TLD was superseded by the new country TLDs of the former Soviet republics. Despite this, .su is still in use. Most of the .su domains are registered in Russia and the United States.[11] According to the RU-CENTER data from May 2010, there were over 93,500 registered domains with the .su TLD (there are over 2.8 million .ru domains).[12] Some organizations with roots in the former Soviet Union also still use this TLD.[6] The pro-Russian Ukrainian separatist group Donetsk People's Republic have also registered their domain with the TLD.[13] The .su domain also hosts white supremacist websites that have been deplatformed elsewhere, formerly including The Daily Stormer.[14]
The domain has been reported to host many cybercrime activities[15][5][4] due to the relaxed and outdated terms of use, along with staying out of focus (2% usage comparing to the primary .ru zone).[4][16] Rules for timely suspension of malicious domains[16] have been in place since 2013 in response to the issue.[17]
^ abc"Old Soviet Union domain name attracts cybercriminal interest". 31 May 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
^ abPatel, Neel V. "The Bizarre Afterlife of .su, the Domain Name and Last Bastion of the USSR". Inverse. Retrieved 21 August 2022. the .su domain has attracted a lot of attention from cybercriminals looking for a safe haven to conduct operations
^ ab"Tons of Hackers are Hanging out in old Soviet Cyberspace". Gizmodo. June 2013.
^ abcdMarcin Kryska. (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
^ (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
^ abcBack in the USSR: Soviet Internet domain name resists death, Mansur Mirovalev, writing for Associated Press, 18 April 2008
^ abKilner, James (19 September 2007). . Reuters. Archived from the original on 13 December 2007. Retrieved 5 December 2007.
^"Domena .su wciąż używana, chociaż ZSRR już nie ma" (in Polish). Retrieved 12 January 2010.
^. Archived from the original on 27 May 2011. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
^. Archived from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
^Ryan, Fergus. "Why Are Moscow and Beijing Happy to Host the U.S. Far-Right Online?". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
^Moscow, Associated Press in (31 May 2013). "Hack in the USSR: cybercriminals find haven in .su domain space". the Guardian. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
^ ab. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
^"Генеральная уборка в домене SU". info.info.nic.ru.
External linksedit
Media related to .su at Wikimedia Commons
RIPN press release regarding future of .su domain 24 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine
January 19, 2024
this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, january, 2017, learn, when,. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources su news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message su is an Internet country code top level domain ccTLD that was designated for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics USSR on 19 September 1990 2 Even though the Soviet Union itself was dissolved 15 months later the su top level domain remains in use to the present day It is administered by the Russian Institute for Public Networks RIPN or RosNIIROS in Russian transcription 3 suIntroduced19 September 1990TLD typeCountry code top level domainStatusActiveRegistryRussian Institute for Public Networks RosNIIROS SponsorRussian Institute for Public Networks RosNIIROS Intended useEntities connected with the Soviet UnionActual useUsed by entities connected with post Soviet statesRegistered domains105 884 7 December 2021 1 Registration restrictionsPassport requiredStructureRegistrations are permitted directly at the second levelDocumentsDocumentsDispute policiesNoneDNSSECyesRegistry websiteripn suThe su ccTLD is known for usage by cybercriminals 4 5 6 Contents 1 History 2 Usage 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHistory editAfter 1989 a set of new internet domains was created in Europe including pl Poland cs Czechoslovakia yu Yugoslavia and dd East Germany Among them there was also a domain for the USSR su 7 Initially before two letter ccTLDs became standard the Soviet Union was to receive a ussr domain The su domain was proposed by the 19 year old Finnish student Petri Ojala 8 On 26 December 1991 the country was dissolved and its constituent republics gained independence which should have caused the domain to begin a phase out process as happened with those of East Germany Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia Until 1994 7 there was no assigned top level domain name for Russia For this reason the country continued to use the Soviet domain In 1994 the ru domain was created which is supposed to eventually replace the su domain 7 domains for the republics other than Russia were created at different times in the mid nineties The domain was supposed to be withdrawn by ICANN but it was kept at the request of the Russian government and Internet users 7 In 2001 the managers of the domain stated that they would commence accepting new su registrations but it is unclear whether this action was compatible with ICANN policies 9 ICANN has expressed intentions to terminate the su domain and IANA states that the domain is being phased out 3 10 but lobbyists stated in September 2007 that they had started negotiations with ICANN on retaining the domain 10 9 In the first quarter of 2008 su registrations increased by 45 9 Usage editThe domain was intended to be used by Soviet institutions and companies operating in the USSR The dissolution of the Soviet Union meant that the new TLD was superseded by the new country TLDs of the former Soviet republics Despite this su is still in use Most of the su domains are registered in Russia and the United States 11 According to the RU CENTER data from May 2010 there were over 93 500 registered domains with the su TLD there are over 2 8 million ru domains 12 Some organizations with roots in the former Soviet Union also still use this TLD 6 The pro Russian Ukrainian separatist group Donetsk People s Republic have also registered their domain with the TLD 13 The su domain also hosts white supremacist websites that have been deplatformed elsewhere formerly including The Daily Stormer 14 The domain has been reported to host many cybercrime activities 15 5 4 due to the relaxed and outdated terms of use along with staying out of focus 2 usage comparing to the primary ru zone 4 16 Rules for timely suspension of malicious domains 16 have been in place since 2013 in response to the issue 17 See also edit nbsp Soviet Union portal nbsp Internet portal rf Cyrillic Internet country code top level domain for the Russian Federation ru Latin alphabet Internet country code top level domain for Russia Runet Russian language community on the internet Technical Center of InternetReferences edit Obshee chislo domenov Domeny Rossii statdom ru Retrieved 21 July 2020 IANA su Domain Delegation Data iana org Retrieved 12 September 2019 a b su Domain Delegation Data IANA a b c Old Soviet Union domain name attracts cybercriminal interest 31 May 2013 Retrieved 31 August 2015 a b Patel Neel V The Bizarre Afterlife of su the Domain Name and Last Bastion of the USSR Inverse Retrieved 21 August 2022 the su domain has attracted a lot of attention from cybercriminals looking for a safe haven to conduct operations a b Tons of Hackers are Hanging out in old Soviet Cyberspace Gizmodo June 2013 a b c d Marcin Kryska Domena internetowa SU in Polish Archived from the original on 2 January 2014 Retrieved 11 June 2012 Yubilej Runeta 10 let nazad finn Petri Ojala zaregistriroval domen su in Russian Archived from the original on 2 January 2014 Retrieved 12 January 2010 a b c Back in the USSR Soviet Internet domain name resists death Mansur Mirovalev writing for Associated Press 18 April 2008 a b Kilner James 19 September 2007 USSR still alive on Internet and won t go quietly Reuters Archived from the original on 13 December 2007 Retrieved 5 December 2007 Domena su wciaz uzywana chociaz ZSRR juz nie ma in Polish Retrieved 12 January 2010 RU TLD Registration and Delegation Statistics Archived from the original on 27 May 2011 Retrieved 11 May 2010 Donetsk People s Republic Government Portal Archived from the original on 18 April 2022 Retrieved 30 December 2019 Ryan Fergus Why Are Moscow and Beijing Happy to Host the U S Far Right Online Foreign Policy Retrieved 16 June 2021 Moscow Associated Press in 31 May 2013 Hack in the USSR cybercriminals find haven in su domain space the Guardian Retrieved 21 August 2022 a b Group IB and Foundation for Internet Development sign an agreement to combat cyber threats in the SU domain zone Archived from the original on 13 January 2017 Retrieved 26 November 2018 Generalnaya uborka v domene SU info info nic ru External links edit nbsp Media related to su at Wikimedia Commons Statistics of registrations under the su domain RIPN press release regarding future of su domain Archived 24 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title su amp oldid 1193370957, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
