Eta Corvi
Eta Corvi (Eta Crv, η Corvi, η Crv) is an F-type main-sequence star, the sixth-brightest star in the constellation of Corvus. Two debris disks have been detected orbiting this star, one at ~150 AU, and a warmer one within a few astronomical units (AU).
| Observation data Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS) | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Corvus |
| Right ascension | 12h 32m 04.22653s[1] |
| Declination | −16° 11′ 45.6165″[1] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 4.29–4.32[2] |
| Characteristics | |
| Spectral type | F2 V[3] |
| U−B color index | +0.00[4] |
| B−V color index | +0.38[4] |
| R−I color index | +0.18[5] |
| Variable type | Suspected[2] |
| Astrometry | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | −2.80 ± 1.5[6] km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: −425.17[1] mas/yr Dec.: −57.23[1] mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 54.70 ± 0.17 mas[1] |
| Distance | 59.6 ± 0.2 ly (18.28 ± 0.06 pc) |
| Absolute magnitude (MV) | 2.99[7] |
| Details | |
| Mass | 1.43 ± 0.05[7] M☉ |
| Radius | 1.2[8] R☉ |
| Temperature | 6700[7] K |
| Metallicity | [Fe/H] = −0.03[7] |
| Rotational velocity (v sin i) | 68 ± 2[9] km/s |
| Age | 1.5+0.2 −0.4[7] Gyr |
| Other designations | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
| ARICNS | data |
Properties edit
Eta Corvi is only about 30% of the Sun's age. The concentration of iron and other heavy elements in its atmosphere is only about 93% that of the Sun's.[7] The projected rotational velocity at the star's equator (v sin i) is 68 km/s - more than 30 times faster than that for the Sun.[9] A yellow-white main sequence star of spectral type F2V, it has an estimated surface temperature of 6950 K. It is 1.52 times as massive as the Sun and is 4.87 times as luminous. It is 59 light-years distant from the Solar System.[11]
The IRAS satellite detected an excess of infrared radiation from this star, beyond what would normally be expected for a stellar object of this class.[12] Observations in the submillimetre band confirmed the presence of excess dust in orbit around the star having about 60% of the mass of the Moon and a temperature of 80 K. The data indicated a debris disk with an estimated maximum radius of 180 AU from the star, or 180 times the separation of Earth and the Sun.[13] (Compare with the Kuiper belt, which extends out to 55 AU from the Sun.)
Recent submillimeter observations confirm the presence of an outer flat, circumstellar disk of debris with an outer radius of 150 AU. It is oriented at an inclination to the line of sight from the Earth. Most of the inner 100 AU of the disk is relatively free of material, which suggests it was cleared away by a planetary system.[14] In addition, infrared radiation which appears to be from an inner, hotter, debris disk within 3.5 AU of the star has been observed.[15]
Since the Poynting–Robertson effect would cause the dust in the outer disk to spiral in to the star within 20 million years, much younger than the age of the system, the observed presence of dust in the outer disk means that it must be constantly replenished. It is thought that this happens by the collisions of planetesimals orbiting at a distance of about 150 AU, which are repeatedly broken down into smaller and smaller pieces, eventually becoming dust.[14] The origin of the inner disk is not clear. It may have originated from planetesimals recently having moved from the outer regions of the system into the inner system, in a process similar to the Late Heavy Bombardment in the history of the Solar System, and subsequently being ground to dust by collisions.[16] [17]
| Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (years) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dust disk | 6.7 ± 2.7 AU | — | — | |||
| Dust disk | 165.8 ± 3.7 AU | 46.8° ± 1.3° | — | |||
Possible Late Heavy Bombardment edit
In 2010–2011, Carey Lisse of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory and his group[18] analyzed the Spitzer IRS 5–35 μm spectrum of the warm, ~360K circumstellar dust and found that it showed clear evidence for warm, water- and carbon-rich dust at ~3 AU from the central star, in the system's habitable zone, uncoupled and in a separate reservoir from the system's extended sub-mm dust ring at 150 ± 20 AU. Spectral features similar in kind and amplitude to those found for ultra-primitive (i.e., formed very early in the lifetime of the Eta Corvi system) ~10 Myr old cometary material were found (water ice and gas, olivines and pyroxenes, amorphous carbon and metal sulfides), in addition to emissions due to impact produced silica and high temperature/pressure carbonaceous phases. The warm dust is very primitive, and definitely not from an asteroidal parent body. A large amount, at least 3 x 1019 kg, of 0.1 – 1000 μm warm dust is present, in a roughly collisional equilibrium distribution with dn/da ~ a−3.5. This is the equivalent of a 160-kilometer-radius centaur or medium-sized Kuiper belt object of 1.0 g cm−3 density or a "comet" of 260 km radius and 0.40 g cm−3 density. The warm dust mass is much larger than that of a solar system comet (1012 – 1015 kg), but is very similar to the mass of a Kuiper belt object (1019 – 1021 kg). The amount of water tied up in the observed material, ~1019 kg, is > 0.1% of the water in the Earth's oceans, and the amount of carbon is also considerable, ~1018 kg.
The team found that the best model for what is going on is that some process (e.g., planetary migration) is dynamically exciting the Eta Corvi-equivalent of the Solar System's Kuiper belt (KB), causing frequent collisions amongst Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) and producing the observed copious Kuiper belt dust. As part of this process, one or more of the excited KBOs was scattered onto an orbit that sent it into the inner system, where it collided with a planetary-class body at ~3 AU, releasing a large amount of thermally unprocessed, primitive ice and carbon-rich dust. Their analysis suggests that the system is likely a good analogue for the Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB) processes that occurred in the early Solar System at 0.6–0.8 Gyr after the formation of the calcium–aluminium-rich inclusions (minerals such as olivines that are among the first solids condensed from the cooling protoplanetary disk) and is thus worthy of further detailed study in order to understand the nature of the LHB. It is also a good system to perform a search for a rocky planetary body at ~3 AU (the impacted planet), and for a giant planet at ~115 AU (the Kuiper belt dynamical stirrer at ~ the 3:2 resonance of the Kuiper belt dust at 150 AU).
Name edit
In Chinese astronomy, Eta Corvi is called 左轄, Pinyin: Zuǒxiá, meaning Left Linchpin, because this star is marking itself and stands alone in the Left Linchpin asterism, Chariot mansion (see : Chinese constellation).[19] 左轄 (Zuǒxiá), westernized into Tso Hea, but the name Tso Hea was already designated for β Corvi (Kraz) by R.H. Allen.[20]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e van Leeuwen, F. (2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 474 (2): 653–664. arXiv:0708.1752. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. S2CID 18759600.
- ^ a b Kukarin, B.W.; et al. "NSV 5690". Institute of Astronomy of Russian Academy of Sciences/Sternberg Astronomical Institute.
- ^ Gray, R. O.; Corbally, C. J.; Garrison, R. F.; McFadden, M. T.; Bubar, E. J.; McGahee, C. E.; O'Donoghue, A. A.; Knox, E. R. (2006). "Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 pc – The Southern Sample". The Astronomical Journal. 132 (1): 161–170. arXiv:astro-ph/0603770. Bibcode:2006AJ....132..161G. doi:10.1086/504637. S2CID 119476992.
- ^ a b Mermilliod, J.-C. (1986). "Compilation of Eggen's UBV data, transformed to UBV (unpublished)". Catalogue of Eggen's UBV Data. Bibcode:1986EgUBV........0M.
- ^ Hoffleit, D.; Warren, W. H. Jr. "HR 4775". Bright Star Catalogue (5th Revised ed.). Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2008-11-19.
- ^ Gontcharov, G. A. (2006). "Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35 495 Hipparcos stars in a common system". Astronomy Letters. 32 (11): 759–771. arXiv:1606.08053. Bibcode:2006AstL...32..759G. doi:10.1134/S1063773706110065. S2CID 119231169.
- ^ a b c d e f Holmberg, J.; et al. (2007). "HD 109085". The Geneva-Copenhagen Survey of Solar Neighbourhood. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2008-11-19. See also Nordström, B.; et al. (2004). "The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood: Ages, metallicities and kinematic properties of ~14,000 F and G dwarfs". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 418 (3): 989–1019. arXiv:astro-ph/0405198. Bibcode:2004A&A...418..989N. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20035959. S2CID 11027621.
- ^ Pasinetti-Fracassini, L. E.; et al. "HD 109085". Catalog of Apparent Diameters and Absolute Radii of Stars (3rd ed.). Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2008-11-19.
- ^ a b Mora, A.; et al. (2001). "EXPORT: Spectral classification and projected rotational velocities of Vega-type and pre-main sequence stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 378 (1): 116–131. Bibcode:2001A&A...378..116M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011098.
- ^ "SIMBAD query result: NSV 5690 – Variable Star". Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2008-11-19.
- ^ Pawellek, Nicole; Krivov, Alexander V.; Marshall, Jonathan P.; Montesinos, Benjamin; Ábrahám, Péter; Moór, Attila; Bryden, Geoffrey; Eiroa, Carlos (2014). "Disk Radii and Grain Sizes in Herschel-resolved Debris Disks". The Astrophysical Journal. 792 (1): 19. arXiv:1407.4579. Bibcode:2014ApJ...792...65P. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/65. S2CID 119282523. 65.
- ^ Stencel, R. E.; Backman, D. E. (1991). "A survey for infrared excesses among high galactic latitude SAO stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 75: 905–924. Bibcode:1991ApJS...75..905S. doi:10.1086/191553.
- ^ Sheret, I.; Dent, W. R. F.; Wyatt, M. C. (2004). "Submillimetre observations and modelling of Vega-type stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 348 (4): 1282–1294. arXiv:astro-ph/0311593. Bibcode:2004MNRAS.348.1282S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07448.x. S2CID 15238852.
- ^ a b c Wyatt, M. C.; et al. (2005). "Submillimeter Images of a Dusty Kuiper Belt around η Corvi". The Astrophysical Journal. 620 (1): 492–500. arXiv:astro-ph/0411061. Bibcode:2005ApJ...620..492W. doi:10.1086/426929. S2CID 14107485.
- ^ a b Smith, R.; et al. (2008). "The nature of mid-infrared excesses from hot dust around Sun-like stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 485 (3): 897–915. arXiv:0804.4580. Bibcode:2008A&A...485..897S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078719. S2CID 9468215.
- ^ Wyatt, M. C.; et al. (2007). "Transience of Hot Dust around Sun-like Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 658 (1): 569–583. arXiv:astro-ph/0610102. Bibcode:2007ApJ...658..569W. doi:10.1086/510999. S2CID 6205766.
- ^ a b Duchene, G; et al. (2014). "Spatially resolved imaging of the two-component eta Crv debris disk with Herschel". The Astrophysical Journal. 784 (2): 148. arXiv:1402.1184. Bibcode:2014ApJ...784..148D. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/784/2/148. S2CID 56113175.
- ^ Lisse, C. M; et al. (2012). "Spitzer Evidence for a Late Heavy Bombardment and the Formation of Urelites in η Corvi at ~1 Gyr". The Astrophysical Journal. 747 (2): 93. arXiv:1110.4172. Bibcode:2012ApJ...747...93L. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/747/2/93. S2CID 53000385.
- ^ [Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy] (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2021-02-25. Retrieved 2010-12-15.
- ^ Allen, R. H. (1963). "Corvus". Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning. Dover Publications.