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Former administrative divisions of Romania

January 01, 1970

The 41 județe (English: counties) and the municipality of Bucharest comprise the official administrative divisions of Romania. They also represent the European Union' s NUTS-3 geocode statistical subdivision scheme of Romania.

Overview edit

Main article: Administrative divisions of Romania
 
Territorial evolution of Romania, 1859-present (animated map).

The earliest organization into județe of the Principalities of Wallachia, respectively ținuturi of Moldavia, dates back at least to the late 14th century.[1] Each județ, respectively ținut, was ruled by a jude, respectively pârcălab, an officially appointed person who had administrative and judicial functions in a manner inspired from the organization of the late Byzantine Empire. Transylvania, when it was part of the historic Kingdom of Hungary (in the Middle Ages), an independent Principality or a Habsburg domain (in the modern era until World War I) was divided into royal counties (Latin: comitatus), headed by comes (royal counts) with administrative and judicial functions. The term județ started to be used in Romanian as a general term for all administrative divisions since the mid 19th century.

 

When modern Romania was formed in 1859 through the union of Wallachia and rump Moldavia, and then extended in 1918 through the union of Transylvania, as well as Bukovina and Bessarabia (parts of Moldavia temporarily acquired by respectively the Habsburgs, 1775–1918, and the Russian Tsars, 1812–1917), the administrative division was modernized using the French departments system as model. With the exception of the Communist period, this system remained in place. A prefect (from the Latin praefectus) is appointed for each județ. The prefect is the representative of the government in the county and the head of the local administration in the areas not devolved to local authorities. Until 1950, each județ was divided into a number of plăși (singular plasă), each administered by a pretor (from the Latin praetor), appointed by the prefect. Currently, Romania has no NUTS-4 units, the counties being composed directly of cities (with or without municipality status) and communes.

As in all modern democracies, the political power in Romania is divided into three independent branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. The prefect and his administration have only executive prerogatives. However, the territorial districts of the Romanian judicial system overlap with county borders, thus avoiding further complication. At the same time with local elections (of mayors and councilors for the cities and communes), a County Council (consiliu județean) is directly elected for each county, and, since 2008, the President of the County Council is also elected by direct vote. As of now, the legislative powers of county councils are quite reduced, but there are plans for more decentralization. (These plans, however, call for introduction of Regional Councils for the 8 development regions of the NUTS-2 level.)

Before World War I edit

As of 1872, Romania was organized into 33 counties of which 17 were in Wallachia (12 in Muntenia and 5 in Oltenia), and 16 were in Moldavia (13 in western Moldavia and 3 in Southern Bessarabia: Cahul County, Bolgrad County, Ismail County).[2]

After Independence, Romania lost Southern Bessarabia and received Northern Dobruja. The Romanian Old Kingdom was divided into 32 counties, with the following seats:

After the Second Balkan War, Romania was awarded the southern part of Dobrudja, between the Danube, Beli Lom River, Kamchiya River, and the Black Sea, which was divided into two counties:

Interwar Romania edit

 
Administrative organizations of the Kingdom of Romania between 1919 and 1925
 
The original proposal for the administrative unification of interwar Romania (Simion Mehedinți Commission, 1920) aimed to create 48 counties and 9 regions[3]
 
The 71 counties of Romania between 1927 and 1938 with their subdivisions (plăși)

Between 1919 and 1925 the specifics of the administrative organization in the new territories were kept. It consisted of about 76 counties or parts of counties.[4] In 1923 Romania adopted a new Constitution, and it unified the traditional administrative systems of Transylvania, Bukovina and Bessarabia with that of the Romanian Old Kingdom. County borders were kept largely intact, with only a couple minor adjustments. As a result of the 1925 administrative unification law, the territory was divided into 71 counties, 489 districts (plăși) and 8,879 communes.

Some of the 71 județe still exist today, a number were lost during World War II, and some became defunct. The latter ones are:

Ținuturi: 1938–1940 edit

 
The regions of Romania (August 14, 1938 – September 16, 1940)
 
The regions of Romania (September 16–22, 1940)

As a part of King Carol II's administrative reform of August 14, 1938, 10 regions (ținuturi) were created, which each included several of the existing 71 counties. The counties were preserved as administrative units, but most of their responsibilities were transferred to the new regions. Each region was headed by a regional governor (Rezident Regal), who supervised the county prefects, and each region had a regional council. The regional governor was appointed directly by the King.[5] The aim of the new regions was to connect poorer and richer counties and to break up the historical regions (Bessarabia, Bukovina, Transylvania etc.). However, the old regionalisms continued under the new brand (e.g. Transylvanian regionalism in Ținutul Mureș and Bukovinian regionalism in Ținutul Suceava). The new regions were short-lived: all regions but Ținutul Olt and Ținutul Timiș had lost territory in September 1940, following the cession of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the USSR, the Second Vienna Award and the Treaty of Craiova. After the fall of Carol II's personal regime (the so-called royal dictatorship) on September 6, 1940, the Ținuturi Timiș, Mureș, Mării, Dunărea de Jos, Prut and Suceava were restructured on September 16, 1940.[6] All the regions were abolished only a couple of days later, on September 22, 1940.[7][8]
According to the Official Journal of August 14, 1938, the 10 regions and their capitals were the following:

Region Capital
Ținutul Olt (draft version: Ținutul Jiu) Craiova
Ținutul Bucegi (draft version: Ținutul Argeș) Bucharest
Ținutul Mării Constanța
Ținutul Dunărea de Jos (draft version: Ținutul Dunării) Galați
Ținutul Nistru Chișinău
Ținutul Prut Iași
Ținutul Suceava Cernăuți
Ținutul Mureș Alba-Iulia
Ținutul Someș (draft version: Ținutul Crișuri) Cluj
Ținutul Timiș Timișoara

Several regions had been given other names in the draft version of the Law (mentioned between brackets). All regions were named after rivers, except Ținutul Mării, i.e. the (Black) Sea Region, and Ținutul Bucegi, called after the Bucegi Mountains.[9]

World War II changes edit

Main article: Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Romania (1941–1944)

Bessarabia edit

After the recovery of Bessarabia, the Bessarabia Governorate with capital at Chișinău was established in 1941 and existed until 1944. It included the counties of Bălți, Cetatea Albă, Cahul, Chilia (newly established), Ismail, Lăpușna, Orhei, Soroca and Tighina.

Bukovina edit

Following the recapture of Northern Bukovina, the Bukovina Governorate with capital at Cernăuți (Chernivtsi) existed from 1941 to 1944. It included the counties of Câmpulung, Cernăuți, Dorohoi, Hotin, Rădăuți, Storojineț and Suceava.

Administration of Transnistria (1941–1944) edit

 
Administrative divisions of Romania in 1942

This territory was administered by Romania briefly in 1941–1944, when the country was governed by a military dictatorship allied with Nazi Germany. It consisted of formerly proper Soviet territory between Dniester and Southern Bug rivers. Nowadays, most of it is in Ukraine, with small parts in the Republic of Moldova (Transnistria). This territory was kept under Romanian military occupation, and was not annexed by Romania. It was divided into 13 counties:

  • Ananiev County
  • Balta County
  • Berezovca County
  • Dubăsari County
  • Golta County
  • Jugastru County
  • Moghilău County
  • Oceacov County
  • Odesa County
  • Ovidiopol County
  • Râbnița County
  • Tiraspol County
  • Tulcin County

Lost during and after the war edit

To Bulgaria

In 1913, as a result of the Second Balkan War, Romania acquired Southern Dobruja from Bulgaria, annexing this historical region within Romania's borders. In 1940, Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy forced Romania to return it to Bulgaria (see Treaty of Craiova). Romania did not reclaim this area neither after the end of World War II nor at the fall of communism.

To the Soviet Union

In 1940, Soviet Union occupied Bessarabia, northern Bukovina, and the Hertsa region (the latter part of Dorohoi County in a rump Moldavia). Since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, these territories have been part of the newly independent Moldova and Ukraine.

Communist Romania edit

People's Republic of Romania edit

See also: Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of Romania

In 1951, the Romanian Workers' Party changed the administrative division of Romania to the Soviet model (regions and raions), but reverted to the county system in 1968, although county borders were quite different from the interwar period. A small adjustment was performed in 1981: former counties of Ilfov and Ialomița were reorganized into the present-day counties of Giurgiu, Călărași, Ialomița and Ilfov.

A new law on the administrative division from September 6, 1950, abolished the 58 remaining counties (as well as the 424 plăși and the 6,276 urban and rural communes), replacing them with 28 regions composed of 177 raions, 148 cities and 4,052 communes.[10] In 1952 the number of regions was reduced to 18: Arad, Bacău, Baia Mare, Bârlad, București, Cluj, Constanța, Craiova, Galați, Hunedoara, Iași, Oradea, Pitești, Ploiești, Stalin, Suceava, Timișoara, and for the first time and autonomous administrative unit based on ethnic criteria, Magyar Autonomous Region (Regiunea Autonomă Maghiară).[11] In 1956 the regions of Arad and Bârlad were also dismantled.[12] In 1960, the Hungarian autonomous unit was renamed to Regiunea Mureș-Autonomă Maghiară (Mureș-Hungarian Autonomous Region) along with changes in its territory. The final number of regions was 16.

Socialist Republic of Romania edit

In February 1968, the old administrative division of județ was reinstated. On January 14, 1968, the law proposal included 35 counties. The final result was substantially different from the situation existent before 1950. This included 39 counties, municipality of Bucharest, 236 cities, out of which 47 were municipalities, and 2706 communes comprising 13149 villages.[13] There were several reasons for restoring the județe. For one, the Nicolae Ceaușescu regime wished to distance itself from the Soviet Union, and discarding the Soviet administrative model was a means of achieving that. For another, the regime had a nationalist outlook, and bringing back an old Romanian system fit with the prevailing ideology. Finally, during his first years, Ceaușescu was preoccupied with replacing functionaries named by his predecessor Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej and creating his own power base; dismissing the regional administrations and naming his own county officials was a step in that process.[14]

Current situation edit

Main article: Administrative divisions of Romania

In 1981 the Ilfov County was divided into a so-called "Agricultural Sector" of Ilfov (Sectorul Agricol Ilfov) and the newly created Giurgiu County, and Călărași County was created by detaching the southern part of the Ialomița County. The county borders introduced in 1968 are largely in place at present, but administrative reforms during the 1990s have devolved the functions of different authorities in line with transition from a totalitarian communist system to a modern democracy. The only territorial adjustment after 1989 occurred in 1995, when Ilfov County was formed out of the so-called "agricultural sector" of the Municipality of Bucharest (Sectorul Agricol Ilfov). With Romania's integration into the European structures, its counties became NUTS level 3 divisions of the European Union. Currently, Romania is divided into 41 counties and the Municipality of Bucharest.

Future developments edit

As of 2010–2011 there have been several proposals for the administrative reorganization of Romania made by the presidential commission tasked with the analysis of the current political and constitutional system.[15] Most of these recommendations aim for the partial reestablishment of the counties in their pre-1950 form (NUTS III level). If this reform were adopted, the counties would be grouped into several regions (9 to 15) based on common historical and economic characteristics (NUTS II level). The regions will be in their turn clustered into 4–6 macroregions (NUTS I level). Furthermore, a NUTS IV level division, called plasă or canton, would probably be added in order to meet the EU statistical and administrative requirements.[16]

Another proposal, based on 15 autonomous euro-regions (amongst them one ethnic-based region with a consistent Hungarian majority consisting of the existing Mureș, Harghita and Covasna counties) grouped into 5 statistical macroregions (NUTS I), was made by the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania.[17]

In 2018, a name referendum was held in the Olt County to rename it to "Olt-Romanați County" in memory of the former Romanați County,[18][19] but it did not reach the required turnout and therefore failed.[20][21]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2010-01-23.
  2. ^ O lucrare enciclopedica despre Romania, aparuta in primii ani de domnie ai lui Carol I (in Romanian)
  3. ^ https://www.scribd.com/doc/54995655/Organizarea-Administrativ-Teritoriala, pg.94-95
  4. ^ "Romania Counties".
  5. ^ Administrative Law published in „Monitorul Oficial”, Part 1, Nr. 187 from 14 August 1938
  6. ^ Decree-Law Nr. 3119 from 13 September 1940, published in „Monitorul Oficial”, Part 1, Nr. 215 from 16 September 1940, p. 5422
  7. ^ Decree-Law Nr. 3219 from 21 September 1940, published in „Monitorul Oficial”, Part 1, Nr. 221 from 22 September 1940, pp. 5530-5532
  8. ^ Philippe Henri Blasen: Suceava Region, Upper Land, Greater Bukovina or just Bukovina? Carol II's Administrative Reform in North-Eastern Romania (1938-1940), in: Anuarul Institutului de Istorie 'A. D. Xenopol', supplement, 2015;
    Philippe Henri Blasen: Terrorisme légionnaire et ordonnances antisémites. La Région Suceava d’octobre 1938 à septembre 1940, in: Archiva Moldaviae 2018.
  9. ^ Philippe Henri Blasen: Suceava Region, Upper Land, Greater Bukovina or just Bukovina? Carol II's Administrative Reform in North-Eastern Romania (1938–1940), in: Anuarul Institutului de Istorie 'A. D. Xenopol', supplement, 2015
  10. ^ (1950–1952)
  11. ^ Constituția Republicii Populare Române 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine, 1952, art. 18
  12. ^ Decret nr. 12 cu privire la modificarea Legii nr. 5/1950 pentru raionarea administrativ-economică a teritoriului RPR. Buletinul Oficial al R.P.R., nr. 1, 10. ianuarie 1956
  13. ^ Giurescu, Constantin C.; Giurescu, Dinu C. - Scurtă istorie a românilor, Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, București, 1977, pag. 368
  14. ^ (in Romanian) Laurențiu Ungureanu, "16 februarie 1968. Controversele ultimei reorganizări administrativ-teritoriale" 2013-03-28 at the Wayback Machine, in Historia, February 2013
  15. ^ "Președintele României" (PDF).
  16. ^ . Archived from the original on 2014-05-23. Retrieved 2010-03-24.
  17. ^ . Archived from the original on 2010-04-21. Retrieved 2010-03-24.
  18. ^ "Referendum special pentru 300.000 de români". Digi24 (in Romanian). 6 October 2018.
  19. ^ Dorobanțu, Alin (19 September 2018). ""DA", pentru Olt-Romanați!". Ziarul de Olt (in Romanian).
  20. ^ Dobrescu, Petre (7 October 2018). "Referendumul din Olt a eșuat, deși prezența a fost mai mare decât la referendumul pentru familie". Libertatea (in Romanian).
  21. ^ "A picat și referendumul "Olt-Romanați"". Cotidianul (in Romanian). 8 October 2018.

External links edit

  • Portretul României Interbelice

January 01, 1970
former, administrative, divisions, romania, județe, english, counties, municipality, bucharest, comprise, official, administrative, divisions, romania, they, also, represent, european, union, nuts, geocode, statistical, subdivision, scheme, romania, contents, . The 41 județe English counties and the municipality of Bucharest comprise the official administrative divisions of Romania They also represent the European Union s NUTS 3 geocode statistical subdivision scheme of Romania Contents 1 Overview 2 Before World War I 3 Interwar Romania 3 1 Ținuturi 1938 1940 4 World War II changes 4 1 Bessarabia 4 2 Bukovina 4 3 Administration of Transnistria 1941 1944 4 4 Lost during and after the war 5 Communist Romania 5 1 People s Republic of Romania 5 2 Socialist Republic of Romania 6 Current situation 7 Future developments 8 See also 9 References 10 External linksOverview editMain article Administrative divisions of Romania nbsp Territorial evolution of Romania 1859 present animated map The earliest organization into județe of the Principalities of Wallachia respectively ținuturi of Moldavia dates back at least to the late 14th century 1 Each județ respectively ținut was ruled by a jude respectively parcălab an officially appointed person who had administrative and judicial functions in a manner inspired from the organization of the late Byzantine Empire Transylvania when it was part of the historic Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages an independent Principality or a Habsburg domain in the modern era until World War I was divided into royal counties Latin comitatus headed by comes royal counts with administrative and judicial functions The term județ started to be used in Romanian as a general term for all administrative divisions since the mid 19th century nbsp AB AR AG BC BH BN BT BV BR BZ CS CL CJ CT CV DB DJ GL GR GJ HR HD IL IS IF MM MH MS NT OT PH SM SJ SB SV TR TM TL VS VL VN B When modern Romania was formed in 1859 through the union of Wallachia and rump Moldavia and then extended in 1918 through the union of Transylvania as well as Bukovina and Bessarabia parts of Moldavia temporarily acquired by respectively the Habsburgs 1775 1918 and the Russian Tsars 1812 1917 the administrative division was modernized using the French departments system as model With the exception of the Communist period this system remained in place A prefect from the Latin praefectus is appointed for each județ The prefect is the representative of the government in the county and the head of the local administration in the areas not devolved to local authorities Until 1950 each județ was divided into a number of plăși singular plasă each administered by a pretor from the Latin praetor appointed by the prefect Currently Romania has no NUTS 4 units the counties being composed directly of cities with or without municipality status and communes As in all modern democracies the political power in Romania is divided into three independent branches legislative executive and judicial The prefect and his administration have only executive prerogatives However the territorial districts of the Romanian judicial system overlap with county borders thus avoiding further complication At the same time with local elections of mayors and councilors for the cities and communes a County Council consiliu județean is directly elected for each county and since 2008 the President of the County Council is also elected by direct vote As of now the legislative powers of county councils are quite reduced but there are plans for more decentralization These plans however call for introduction of Regional Councils for the 8 development regions of the NUTS 2 level Before World War I editAs of 1872 Romania was organized into 33 counties of which 17 were in Wallachia 12 in Muntenia and 5 in Oltenia and 16 were in Moldavia 13 in western Moldavia and 3 in Southern Bessarabia Cahul County Bolgrad County Ismail County 2 After Independence Romania lost Southern Bessarabia and received Northern Dobruja The Romanian Old Kingdom was divided into 32 counties with the following seats Argeș County Pitești Bacău County Bacău Botoșani County Botoșani Brăila County Brăila Buzău County Buzău Constanța County Constanța Silistra Nouă County 1878 1879 merged into Constanța County Rasova Cernavodă Medgidia Covurlui County Galați Dambovița County Targoviște Dolj County Craiova Dorohoi County Dorohoi Fălciu County Huși Gorj County Targu Jiu Ialomița County Călărași Iași County Iași Ilfov County București Mehedinți County Turnu Severin Muscel County Campulung Neamț County Piatra Neamț Olt County Slatina Prahova County Ploiești Putna County Focșani Ramnicu Sărat County Ramnicu Sărat Roman County Roman Romanați County Caracal Suceava County Fălticeni Tecuci County Tecuci Teleorman County Turnu Măgurele Tulcea County Tulcea Tutova County Barlad Vaslui County Vaslui Valcea County Ramnicu Valcea Vlașca County Giurgiu nbsp Counties of Romania 1864 1878 nbsp Counties of Romania 1878 1912 After the Second Balkan War Romania was awarded the southern part of Dobrudja between the Danube Beli Lom River Kamchiya River and the Black Sea which was divided into two counties Durostor County Silistra Caliacra County BazargicInterwar Romania edit nbsp Administrative organizations of the Kingdom of Romania between 1919 and 1925 nbsp The original proposal for the administrative unification of interwar Romania Simion Mehedinți Commission 1920 aimed to create 48 counties and 9 regions 3 nbsp The 71 counties of Romania between 1927 and 1938 with their subdivisions plăși Between 1919 and 1925 the specifics of the administrative organization in the new territories were kept It consisted of about 76 counties or parts of counties 4 In 1923 Romania adopted a new Constitution and it unified the traditional administrative systems of Transylvania Bukovina and Bessarabia with that of the Romanian Old Kingdom County borders were kept largely intact with only a couple minor adjustments As a result of the 1925 administrative unification law the territory was divided into 71 counties 489 districts plăși and 8 879 communes Some of the 71 județe still exist today a number were lost during World War II and some became defunct The latter ones are Baia County divided between Neamț Suceava and Iași Caraș County merged with Severin to form Caraș Severin Campulung County merged with Suceava Ciuc County merged with Odorhei and renamed to Harghita Covurlui County merged into Galați Dorohoi County merged with Botoșani Făgăraș County divided between Brașov and Sibiu Fălciu County merged with Vaslui Ialomița County divided between Ialomița and Călărași Muscel County merged with Argeș Odorhei County merged with Ciuc and renamed to Harghita Putna County renamed to Vrancea Rădăuți County merged with Suceava Ramnicu Sărat County divided between Vrancea Buzău and Brăila Roman County merged with Neamț Romanați County divided between Dolj and Olt Severin County merged with Caraș to form Caraș Severin Someș County divided between Maramureș County Cluj Sălaj and Bistrița Năsăud Tarnava Mică County divided between Alba Sibiu and Mureș Tarnava Mare County divided between Brașov Sibiu and Mureș Tecuci County divided between Galați Bacău and Vaslui Timiș Torontal County renamed to Timiș Trei Scaune County renamed to Covasna Turda County divided between Cluj and Alba Tutova County merged with Vaslui Vlașca County renamed to Giurgiu Ținuturi 1938 1940 edit nbsp The regions of Romania August 14 1938 September 16 1940 nbsp The regions of Romania September 16 22 1940 As a part of King Carol II s administrative reform of August 14 1938 10 regions ținuturi were created which each included several of the existing 71 counties The counties were preserved as administrative units but most of their responsibilities were transferred to the new regions Each region was headed by a regional governor Rezident Regal who supervised the county prefects and each region had a regional council The regional governor was appointed directly by the King 5 The aim of the new regions was to connect poorer and richer counties and to break up the historical regions Bessarabia Bukovina Transylvania etc However the old regionalisms continued under the new brand e g Transylvanian regionalism in Ținutul Mureș and Bukovinian regionalism in Ținutul Suceava The new regions were short lived all regions but Ținutul Olt and Ținutul Timiș had lost territory in September 1940 following the cession of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the USSR the Second Vienna Award and the Treaty of Craiova After the fall of Carol II s personal regime the so called royal dictatorship on September 6 1940 the Ținuturi Timiș Mureș Mării Dunărea de Jos Prut and Suceava were restructured on September 16 1940 6 All the regions were abolished only a couple of days later on September 22 1940 7 8 According to the Official Journal of August 14 1938 the 10 regions and their capitals were the following Region Capital Ținutul Olt draft version Ținutul Jiu Craiova Ținutul Bucegi draft version Ținutul Argeș Bucharest Ținutul Mării Constanța Ținutul Dunărea de Jos draft version Ținutul Dunării Galați Ținutul Nistru Chișinău Ținutul Prut Iași Ținutul Suceava Cernăuți Ținutul Mureș Alba Iulia Ținutul Someș draft version Ținutul Crișuri Cluj Ținutul Timiș Timișoara Several regions had been given other names in the draft version of the Law mentioned between brackets All regions were named after rivers except Ținutul Mării i e the Black Sea Region and Ținutul Bucegi called after the Bucegi Mountains 9 World War II changes editMain article Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Romania 1941 1944 Bessarabia edit After the recovery of Bessarabia the Bessarabia Governorate with capital at Chișinău was established in 1941 and existed until 1944 It included the counties of Bălți Cetatea Albă Cahul Chilia newly established Ismail Lăpușna Orhei Soroca and Tighina Bukovina edit Following the recapture of Northern Bukovina the Bukovina Governorate with capital at Cernăuți Chernivtsi existed from 1941 to 1944 It included the counties of Campulung Cernăuți Dorohoi Hotin Rădăuți Storojineț and Suceava Administration of Transnistria 1941 1944 edit nbsp Administrative divisions of Romania in 1942 This territory was administered by Romania briefly in 1941 1944 when the country was governed by a military dictatorship allied with Nazi Germany It consisted of formerly proper Soviet territory between Dniester and Southern Bug rivers Nowadays most of it is in Ukraine with small parts in the Republic of Moldova Transnistria This territory was kept under Romanian military occupation and was not annexed by Romania It was divided into 13 counties Ananiev County Balta County Berezovca County Dubăsari County Golta County Jugastru County Moghilău County Oceacov County Odesa County Ovidiopol County Rabnița County Tiraspol County Tulcin County Lost during and after the war edit To Bulgaria In 1913 as a result of the Second Balkan War Romania acquired Southern Dobruja from Bulgaria annexing this historical region within Romania s borders In 1940 Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy forced Romania to return it to Bulgaria see Treaty of Craiova Romania did not reclaim this area neither after the end of World War II nor at the fall of communism Caliacra now Dobrich Province Bulgaria Durostor now Silistra Province Bulgaria To the Soviet Union In 1940 Soviet Union occupied Bessarabia northern Bukovina and the Hertsa region the latter part of Dorohoi County in a rump Moldavia Since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 these territories have been part of the newly independent Moldova and Ukraine in Moldova Bălți County Cahul County southern half of Hotin County Orhei County Lăpușna County Soroca County Tighina County a small part of Ismail County a small part of Cetatea Albă County in Ukraine Cernăuți County largest part of Cetatea Albă County Hertsa region a small part of Dorohoi County northern half of Hotin County largest part of Ismail County part of Rădăuți County Storojineț CountyCommunist Romania editPeople s Republic of Romania edit See also Administrative divisions of the People s Republic of Romania In 1951 the Romanian Workers Party changed the administrative division of Romania to the Soviet model regions and raions but reverted to the county system in 1968 although county borders were quite different from the interwar period A small adjustment was performed in 1981 former counties of Ilfov and Ialomița were reorganized into the present day counties of Giurgiu Călărași Ialomița and Ilfov A new law on the administrative division from September 6 1950 abolished the 58 remaining counties as well as the 424 plăși and the 6 276 urban and rural communes replacing them with 28 regions composed of 177 raions 148 cities and 4 052 communes 10 In 1952 the number of regions was reduced to 18 Arad Bacău Baia Mare Barlad București Cluj Constanța Craiova Galați Hunedoara Iași Oradea Pitești Ploiești Stalin Suceava Timișoara and for the first time and autonomous administrative unit based on ethnic criteria Magyar Autonomous Region Regiunea Autonomă Maghiară 11 In 1956 the regions of Arad and Barlad were also dismantled 12 In 1960 the Hungarian autonomous unit was renamed to Regiunea Mureș Autonomă Maghiară Mureș Hungarian Autonomous Region along with changes in its territory The final number of regions was 16 nbsp Regions of Romania between 1950 and 1952 nbsp Regions of Romania between 1952 and 1956 nbsp Regions and raions of Romania between 1964 and 1967 Socialist Republic of Romania edit In February 1968 the old administrative division of județ was reinstated On January 14 1968 the law proposal included 35 counties The final result was substantially different from the situation existent before 1950 This included 39 counties municipality of Bucharest 236 cities out of which 47 were municipalities and 2706 communes comprising 13149 villages 13 There were several reasons for restoring the județe For one the Nicolae Ceaușescu regime wished to distance itself from the Soviet Union and discarding the Soviet administrative model was a means of achieving that For another the regime had a nationalist outlook and bringing back an old Romanian system fit with the prevailing ideology Finally during his first years Ceaușescu was preoccupied with replacing functionaries named by his predecessor Gheorghe Gheorghiu Dej and creating his own power base dismissing the regional administrations and naming his own county officials was a step in that process 14 nbsp The original 1968 proposal with 35 counties nbsp Current counties imposed over the inter war countiesCurrent situation editMain article Administrative divisions of Romania In 1981 the Ilfov County was divided into a so called Agricultural Sector of Ilfov Sectorul Agricol Ilfov and the newly created Giurgiu County and Călărași County was created by detaching the southern part of the Ialomița County The county borders introduced in 1968 are largely in place at present but administrative reforms during the 1990s have devolved the functions of different authorities in line with transition from a totalitarian communist system to a modern democracy The only territorial adjustment after 1989 occurred in 1995 when Ilfov County was formed out of the so called agricultural sector of the Municipality of Bucharest Sectorul Agricol Ilfov With Romania s integration into the European structures its counties became NUTS level 3 divisions of the European Union Currently Romania is divided into 41 counties and the Municipality of Bucharest Future developments editAs of 2010 2011 there have been several proposals for the administrative reorganization of Romania made by the presidential commission tasked with the analysis of the current political and constitutional system 15 Most of these recommendations aim for the partial reestablishment of the counties in their pre 1950 form NUTS III level If this reform were adopted the counties would be grouped into several regions 9 to 15 based on common historical and economic characteristics NUTS II level The regions will be in their turn clustered into 4 6 macroregions NUTS I level Furthermore a NUTS IV level division called plasă or canton would probably be added in order to meet the EU statistical and administrative requirements 16 Another proposal based on 15 autonomous euro regions amongst them one ethnic based region with a consistent Hungarian majority consisting of the existing Mureș Harghita and Covasna counties grouped into 5 statistical macroregions NUTS I was made by the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania 17 In 2018 a name referendum was held in the Olt County to rename it to Olt Romanați County in memory of the former Romanați County 18 19 but it did not reach the required turnout and therefore failed 20 21 See also editList of cities in Romania Etymological list of counties of Romania Communes of Romania Municipality in RomaniaReferences edit Atestari documentare Archived from the original on 2011 07 20 Retrieved 2010 01 23 O lucrare enciclopedica despre Romania aparuta in primii ani de domnie ai lui Carol I in Romanian https www scribd com doc 54995655 Organizarea Administrativ Teritoriala pg 94 95 Romania Counties Administrative Law published in Monitorul Oficial Part 1 Nr 187 from 14 August 1938 Decree Law Nr 3119 from 13 September 1940 published in Monitorul Oficial Part 1 Nr 215 from 16 September 1940 p 5422 Decree Law Nr 3219 from 21 September 1940 published in Monitorul Oficial Part 1 Nr 221 from 22 September 1940 pp 5530 5532 Philippe Henri Blasen Suceava Region Upper Land Greater Bukovina or just Bukovina Carol II s Administrative Reform in North Eastern Romania 1938 1940 in Anuarul Institutului de Istorie A D Xenopol supplement 2015 Philippe Henri Blasen Terrorisme legionnaire et ordonnances antisemites La Region Suceava d octobre 1938 a septembre 1940 in Archiva Moldaviae 2018 Philippe Henri Blasen Suceava Region Upper Land Greater Bukovina or just Bukovina Carol II s Administrative Reform in North Eastern Romania 1938 1940 in Anuarul Institutului de Istorie A D Xenopol supplement 2015 Harta Romaniei cu prima impărțire pe regiuni 1950 1952 Constituția Republicii Populare Romane Archived 2007 09 28 at the Wayback Machine 1952 art 18 Decret nr 12 cu privire la modificarea Legii nr 5 1950 pentru raionarea administrativ economică a teritoriului RPR Buletinul Oficial al R P R nr 1 10 ianuarie 1956 Giurescu Constantin C Giurescu Dinu C Scurtă istorie a romanilor Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică București 1977 pag 368 in Romanian Laurențiu Ungureanu 16 februarie 1968 Controversele ultimei reorganizări administrativ teritoriale Archived 2013 03 28 at the Wayback Machine in Historia February 2013 Președintele Romaniei PDF Romania libera stiri iesite din tipar actualitate investigatii politica cultura diaspora video anunturi de mica publicitate Archived from the original on 2014 05 23 Retrieved 2010 03 24 Reorganizare teritorială marca UDMR 15 euroregiuni cu 15 Parlamente Gandul Archived from the original on 2010 04 21 Retrieved 2010 03 24 Referendum special pentru 300 000 de romani Digi24 in Romanian 6 October 2018 Dorobanțu Alin 19 September 2018 DA pentru Olt Romanați Ziarul de Olt in Romanian Dobrescu Petre 7 October 2018 Referendumul din Olt a eșuat deși prezența a fost mai mare decat la referendumul pentru familie Libertatea in Romanian A picat și referendumul Olt Romanați Cotidianul in Romanian 8 October 2018 External links editPortretul Romaniei Interbelice Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Former administrative divisions of Romania amp oldid 1220698498 Ținuturi 1938 1940, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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