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Świdnica

April 08, 2024

For the village of the same name, see Świdnica, Lubusz Voivodeship.

Świdnica (Polish: [ɕfidˈɲit͡sa] ⓘ; German: Schweidnitz; Czech: Svídnice; Silesian: Świdńica) is a city on the Bystrzyca River in south-western Poland in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. As of 2021, it has a population of 55,413 inhabitants.[1] It is the seat of Świdnica County, and also of the smaller district of Gmina Świdnica (although it is not part of the territory of the latter, as the town forms a separate urban gmina). It is the seventh largest city of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. Świdnica became part of the Wałbrzych agglomeration on 23 January 2014.[2]

Świdnica
Świdnica market square
Coat of arms
Świdnica
Świdnica
Coordinates: 50°51′N 16°29′E / 50.850°N 16.483°E / 50.850; 16.483
Country Poland
Voivodeship Lower Silesian
CountyŚwidnica County
GminaŚwidnica (urban gmina)
First mentioned1070
City rights1267
Government
 • City mayorBeata Moskal-Słaniewska (L)
Area
 • Total21.76 km2 (8.40 sq mi)
Elevation
250 m (820 ft)
Population
 (31 December 2021)
 • Total55,413 [1]
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
58-100 and 58-105
Area code+48 74
Car platesDSW
Websitehttp://www.um.swidnica.pl

Świdnica is home to the St. Stanislaus and St. Wenceslaus Cathedral and the Church of Peace, two landmark churches listed as Historic Monuments of Poland[3][4] with the latter also listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

History edit

 
St. Stanislaus and St. Wenceslaus Cathedral, listed as a Historic Monument of Poland

The city's name was first recorded as Svidnica in 1070, when it was part of Piast-ruled Poland. Świdnica became a town in 1250, although no founding document has survived that would confirm this fact. The town belonged at the time to the Duchy of Wrocław, a province of Poland. By 1290, Świdnica had city walls and six gates, crafts and trade were blossoming. At the end of the 13th century, there were guilds of bakers, weavers, potters, shoemakers, furriers and tailors in Świdnica.[5] The city was famous for its beer production. In the late 15th century, almost three hundred houses had the right to brew beer.[5] In various cities of the region (Wrocław, Oleśnica, Brzeg) and Europe (Kraków, Toruń, Prague, Pisa) there were so-called "Świdnica Cellars" – restaurants serving beer from Świdnica.[6] Wrocław's Piwnica Świdnicka exists to this day as the oldest restaurant in Poland and one of the oldest in Europe. There was also a mint in Świdnica.[7] The Franciscans and Dominicans settled in the city in 1287 and 1291, respectively.[7]

In 1291–1392 Świdnica was the capital of the Piast-ruled Duchy of Świdnica and Jawor. The last Polish Piast duke was Bolko II of Świdnica, and after his death in 1368 the duchy was held by his wife until 1392; after her death it was incorporated into the Kingdom of Bohemia by Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia. By the end of the 14th century, Świdnica was already one of the largest cities in Silesia, with about 6,000 inhabitants.[5]

In 1429 the city successfully defended itself against a Hussite attack.[5] From about 1469 to 1490 it was under the rule of the Kingdom of Hungary and after that it was part of Jagiellonian-ruled Bohemia. In the 15th century, several mills operated in the city.[5] Large cattle and hop markets took place there.[5] In 1493, the town is recorded by Hartmann Schedel in his Nuremberg Chronicle as Schwednitz.[8]

In 1526 the city came under the rule of the Habsburg monarchy as part of the surrounding Duchy of Schweidnitz (Świdnica). In the 16th century it was one of the regional centers of Anabaptism.[7] The city suffered greatly during the Thirty Years' War (1618–48) as a result of sieges, fires and epidemics.[5] Świdnica, under the Germanized name Schweidnitz, was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia during the First Silesian War (1740–42). The town was turned into a fortress, which it remained until 1866.[5]

 
Plaque to Józef Wybicki, commemorating his stay in 1803

It was captured again by Austria in October 1761, during the Third Silesian War, or Seven Years' War, but Prussians retook it one year later. In 1803 the city was visited by Polish jurist, poet, political and military activist Józef Wybicki, best known as the author of the lyrics of the national anthem of Poland.[9] In 1807 the city was captured by French troops during the Napoleonic Wars. It became part of the Prussian-led German Empire in 1871 during the unification of Germany and stayed within Germany until the end of World War II. According to the Prussian census of 1905, the city of Schweidnitz had a population of 30,540 who were mostly Germans, but also included a Polish minority comprising around 3% of the population.[10] The World War I flying ace Lothar von Richthofen was buried in Schweidnitz, until the city became owned by Poland after World War II in which the graveyard was leveled. During World War I, the Germans operated a POW camp for Allied officers and a forced labour camp for regular POWs in the town.[11] A Nazi prison was located in the city under Nazi Germany,[12] and during World War II, the Germans also established a subcamp of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp, three prisoner of war labor divisions of the Stalag VIII-A camp and a forced labour camp.[7] Among the prisoners was Lesław Bartelski, Polish writer and resistance member, who fought in the Warsaw Uprising.[13] In January 1945, a German-perpetrated death march of Allied POWs from the Stalag Luft 7 passed through the city.[14]

After the defeat of Germany in 1945, the town, like most of Silesia, became again part of Poland under border changes agreed at the Potsdam Conference. Those members of the German population who had not already fled or had been killed during the war were subsequently expelled to the remainder of Germany in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement and the city was repopulated with Poles, many of whom had themselves been expelled from Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union. Also Greeks, refugees of the Greek Civil War, settled in Świdnica in the 1950s.[15] From 1975 to 1998 it was administratively located in the former Wałbrzych Voivodeship.

In 2004, Świdnica became the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Świdnica.

Points of interest edit

 
The Evangelical Church of Peace, a UNESCO World Heritage Site

The Gothic Cathedral of St. Stanislaus and St. Wenceslaus from the 14th century has the highest tower in Silesia, standing 103 meters tall; it hosts an image of "Our Lady Health of the Sick". It is listed as a Historic Monument of Poland.[3]

The Evangelical Church of Peace, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and Historic Monument of Poland,[4] was built in 1656–57.

 
Market Square in the Old Town

The 16th-century town hall has been renovated numerous times and combines Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque architectural elements. A museum is located in the town hall. The Baroque Church of St. Joseph and the Church of St. Christopher are from the same era. One remaining element of the former defensive works is the Chapel of St. Barbara.

Other notable destinations include the old town and the Stary Rynek square, Gola Dzierżoniowska Castle, Medieval town of Niemcza, Cistercian monastery at Henryków, where the oldest preserved manuscript in Polish was written, and the Wojsławice Arboretum.

 
Old Town of Świdnica

Politics edit

Wałbrzych constituency edit

Members of Parliament (Sejm) elected from the Wałbrzych constituency.

Education edit

Świdnica is home to a College of Data Communications Technology (Wyższa Szkoła Technologii Teleinformatycznych).

In 2003, Świdnica hosted a session of the Warsaw-based International Chapter of the Order of Smile, when a Child Friendship Centre was established. Świdnica was officially titled the "Capital of Children's Dreams".

Sport edit

Notable people edit

Gallery edit

  •  
    Świdnica Town Hall
  •  
    St. Stanislaus and St. Wenceslaus Cathedral
  •  
    Dom pod bykami (House under the bulls)
  •  
    Saint Joseph's Church
  •  
    Historic townhouse at the market square
  •  
    Historic townhouse at the market square
  •  
    City Park

Twin towns – sister cities edit

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Świdnica is twinned with:[16]

Notes edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b "Local Data Bank". Statistics Poland. Retrieved 18 August 2022. Data for territorial unit 0219011.
  2. ^ Press release, Siedem nowych gmin w Aglomeracji Wałbrzyskiej. Swidnica24.pl. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
  3. ^ a b Rozporządzenie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 15 marca 2017 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii "Świdnica - katedra pod wezwaniem św. Stanisława Biskupa i Męczennika i św. Wacława Męczennika", Dz. U. z 2017 r. poz. 655
  4. ^ a b Rozporządzenie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 15 marca 2017 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii "Świdnica - zespół kościoła ewangelicko-augsburskiego pod wezwaniem Świętej Trójcy, zwany Kościołem Pokoju", Dz. U. z 2017 r. poz. 672
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h "Historia Świdnicy". UM Świdnica (in Polish). Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  6. ^ Czerwiński, Janusz; Chanas, Ryszard (1977). Dolny Śląsk – przewodnik (in Polish). Warszawa: Sport i Turystyka. pp. 178–186.
  7. ^ a b c d "Świdnica". Encyklopedia PWN (in Polish). Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  8. ^ See Die Schedelsche Weltchronik on German Wikisource.
  9. ^ "220 lat Mazurka Dąbrowskiego. Jak właściwie śpiewać Hymn Polski?". Swidnica24.pl (in Polish). 20 July 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  10. ^ Belzyt, Leszek (1998). Sprachliche Minderheiten im preussischen Staat: 1815 - 1914; die preußische Sprachenstatistik in Bearbeitung und Kommentar. Marburg: Herder-Inst. ISBN 978-3-87969-267-5.
  11. ^ Kujat, Janusz Adam (2000). "Pieniądz zastępczy w obozach jenieckich na terenie rejencji wrocławskiej w czasie I i II wojny światowej". Łambinowicki rocznik muzealny (in Polish). 23. Opole: 13. ISSN 0137-5199.
  12. ^ "Gefängnis Schweidnitz". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  13. ^ Sierotwiński, Stanisław (1966). "Kronika życia literackiego w Polsce pod okupacją hitlerowską: próba przeglądu zdarzeń w układzie chronologicznym". Rocznik Naukowo-Dydaktyczny (in Polish) (24). Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Pedagogicznej w Krakowie: 53.
  14. ^ Stanek, Piotr (2015). "Stalag Luft 7 Bankau i jego ewakuacja na Zachód w styczniu 1945 r.". Łambinowicki rocznik muzealny (in Polish). 38. Opole: 66. ISSN 0137-5199.
  15. ^ Kubasiewicz, Izabela (2013). "Emigranci z Grecji w Polsce Ludowej. Wybrane aspekty z życia mniejszości". In Dworaczek, Kamil; Kamiński, Łukasz (eds.). Letnia Szkoła Historii Najnowszej 2012. Referaty (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 117.
  16. ^ "Miasta partnerskie". um.swidnica.pl (in Polish). Świdnica. Retrieved 2020-03-03.

External links edit

 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Świdnica.
  • Website of the municipality of Świdnica
  • Jewish Community in Świdnica on Virtual Shtetl
  • Peace Church Panoramic view

  Media related to Świdnica at Wikimedia Commons

April 08, 2024
Świdnica, village, same, name, lubusz, voivodeship, polish, ɕfidˈɲit, german, schweidnitz, czech, svídnice, silesian, Świdńica, city, bystrzyca, river, south, western, poland, lower, silesian, voivodeship, 2021, population, inhabitants, seat, county, also, sma. For the village of the same name see Swidnica Lubusz Voivodeship Swidnica Polish ɕfidˈɲit sa German Schweidnitz Czech Svidnice Silesian Swidnica is a city on the Bystrzyca River in south western Poland in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship As of 2021 it has a population of 55 413 inhabitants 1 It is the seat of Swidnica County and also of the smaller district of Gmina Swidnica although it is not part of the territory of the latter as the town forms a separate urban gmina It is the seventh largest city of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship Swidnica became part of the Walbrzych agglomeration on 23 January 2014 2 SwidnicaSwidnica market squareCoat of armsSwidnicaShow map of Lower Silesian VoivodeshipSwidnicaShow map of PolandCoordinates 50 51 N 16 29 E 50 850 N 16 483 E 50 850 16 483Country PolandVoivodeship Lower SilesianCountySwidnica CountyGminaSwidnica urban gmina First mentioned1070City rights1267Government City mayorBeata Moskal Slaniewska L Area Total21 76 km2 8 40 sq mi Elevation250 m 820 ft Population 31 December 2021 Total55 413 1 Time zoneUTC 1 CET Summer DST UTC 2 CEST Postal code58 100 and 58 105Area code 48 74Car platesDSWWebsitehttp www um swidnica plSwidnica is home to the St Stanislaus and St Wenceslaus Cathedral and the Church of Peace two landmark churches listed as Historic Monuments of Poland 3 4 with the latter also listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site Contents 1 History 2 Points of interest 3 Politics 3 1 Walbrzych constituency 4 Education 5 Sport 6 Notable people 7 Gallery 8 Twin towns sister cities 9 Notes 10 References 11 External linksHistory edit nbsp St Stanislaus and St Wenceslaus Cathedral listed as a Historic Monument of PolandThe city s name was first recorded as Svidnica in 1070 when it was part of Piast ruled Poland Swidnica became a town in 1250 although no founding document has survived that would confirm this fact The town belonged at the time to the Duchy of Wroclaw a province of Poland By 1290 Swidnica had city walls and six gates crafts and trade were blossoming At the end of the 13th century there were guilds of bakers weavers potters shoemakers furriers and tailors in Swidnica 5 The city was famous for its beer production In the late 15th century almost three hundred houses had the right to brew beer 5 In various cities of the region Wroclaw Olesnica Brzeg and Europe Krakow Torun Prague Pisa there were so called Swidnica Cellars restaurants serving beer from Swidnica 6 Wroclaw s Piwnica Swidnicka exists to this day as the oldest restaurant in Poland and one of the oldest in Europe There was also a mint in Swidnica 7 The Franciscans and Dominicans settled in the city in 1287 and 1291 respectively 7 In 1291 1392 Swidnica was the capital of the Piast ruled Duchy of Swidnica and Jawor The last Polish Piast duke was Bolko II of Swidnica and after his death in 1368 the duchy was held by his wife until 1392 after her death it was incorporated into the Kingdom of Bohemia by Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia By the end of the 14th century Swidnica was already one of the largest cities in Silesia with about 6 000 inhabitants 5 In 1429 the city successfully defended itself against a Hussite attack 5 From about 1469 to 1490 it was under the rule of the Kingdom of Hungary and after that it was part of Jagiellonian ruled Bohemia In the 15th century several mills operated in the city 5 Large cattle and hop markets took place there 5 In 1493 the town is recorded by Hartmann Schedel in his Nuremberg Chronicle as Schwednitz 8 In 1526 the city came under the rule of the Habsburg monarchy as part of the surrounding Duchy of Schweidnitz Swidnica In the 16th century it was one of the regional centers of Anabaptism 7 The city suffered greatly during the Thirty Years War 1618 48 as a result of sieges fires and epidemics 5 Swidnica under the Germanized name Schweidnitz was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia during the First Silesian War 1740 42 The town was turned into a fortress which it remained until 1866 5 nbsp Plaque to Jozef Wybicki commemorating his stay in 1803It was captured again by Austria in October 1761 during the Third Silesian War or Seven Years War but Prussians retook it one year later In 1803 the city was visited by Polish jurist poet political and military activist Jozef Wybicki best known as the author of the lyrics of the national anthem of Poland 9 In 1807 the city was captured by French troops during the Napoleonic Wars It became part of the Prussian led German Empire in 1871 during the unification of Germany and stayed within Germany until the end of World War II According to the Prussian census of 1905 the city of Schweidnitz had a population of 30 540 who were mostly Germans but also included a Polish minority comprising around 3 of the population 10 The World War I flying ace Lothar von Richthofen was buried in Schweidnitz until the city became owned by Poland after World War II in which the graveyard was leveled During World War I the Germans operated a POW camp for Allied officers and a forced labour camp for regular POWs in the town 11 A Nazi prison was located in the city under Nazi Germany 12 and during World War II the Germans also established a subcamp of the Gross Rosen concentration camp three prisoner of war labor divisions of the Stalag VIII A camp and a forced labour camp 7 Among the prisoners was Leslaw Bartelski Polish writer and resistance member who fought in the Warsaw Uprising 13 In January 1945 a German perpetrated death march of Allied POWs from the Stalag Luft 7 passed through the city 14 After the defeat of Germany in 1945 the town like most of Silesia became again part of Poland under border changes agreed at the Potsdam Conference Those members of the German population who had not already fled or had been killed during the war were subsequently expelled to the remainder of Germany in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement and the city was repopulated with Poles many of whom had themselves been expelled from Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union Also Greeks refugees of the Greek Civil War settled in Swidnica in the 1950s 15 From 1975 to 1998 it was administratively located in the former Walbrzych Voivodeship In 2004 Swidnica became the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Swidnica Points of interest edit nbsp The Evangelical Church of Peace a UNESCO World Heritage SiteThe Gothic Cathedral of St Stanislaus and St Wenceslaus from the 14th century has the highest tower in Silesia standing 103 meters tall it hosts an image of Our Lady Health of the Sick It is listed as a Historic Monument of Poland 3 The Evangelical Church of Peace a UNESCO World Heritage Site and Historic Monument of Poland 4 was built in 1656 57 nbsp Market Square in the Old TownThe 16th century town hall has been renovated numerous times and combines Gothic Renaissance and Baroque architectural elements A museum is located in the town hall The Baroque Church of St Joseph and the Church of St Christopher are from the same era One remaining element of the former defensive works is the Chapel of St Barbara Other notable destinations include the old town and the Stary Rynek square Gola Dzierzoniowska Castle Medieval town of Niemcza Cistercian monastery at Henrykow where the oldest preserved manuscript in Polish was written and the Wojslawice Arboretum nbsp Old Town of SwidnicaPolitics editWalbrzych constituency edit Members of Parliament Sejm elected from the Walbrzych constituency Michal Dworczyk Law and JusticeMarek Dyduch Democratic Left AllianceMarcin Gwozdz Law and JusticeIzabela Mrzyglocka Civic PlatformWojciech Murdzek AgreementTomasz Siemoniak Civic PlatformMonika Wielichowska Civic PlatformIreneusz Zyska Law and JusticeEducation editSwidnica is home to a College of Data Communications Technology Wyzsza Szkola Technologii Teleinformatycznych In 2003 Swidnica hosted a session of the Warsaw based International Chapter of the Order of Smile when a Child Friendship Centre was established Swidnica was officially titled the Capital of Children s Dreams Sport editPolonia Swidnica football club that competes in the lower leagues but also played in the Polish second division in the 1940s and 1950s Akademia Pilkarska 13 Jaroslawa LatoNotable people editThomas Stoltzer c 1480 1526 composer Maria Cunitz 1604 1664 astronomer Benjamin Schmolk 1672 1737 composer poet Johann Christoph Glaubitz c 1700 1767 architect Johann Gottlieb Janitsch 1708 1763 composer Karl Theodor Robert Luther 1822 1900 astronomer Albert Kretschmer 1825 1891 professor painter costumes researcher Clara Jaschke either 1848 or 1858 1912 one of Prussia and Germany s first women railway workers and campaigner for women s rights Emil Krebs 1867 1930 sinologist Ferdinand Friedensburg 1886 1972 politician Michael Graf von Matuschka 1888 1944 resistance fighter Hubert Schmundt 1888 1984 Kriegsmarine Admiral Manfred von Richthofen 1892 1918 World War I ace known as The Red Baron Peter Adolf Thiessen 1899 1990 physical chemist Heinz Starke 1911 2001 politician Bundesfinanzminister 1961 1962 Georg Gartner 1920 2013 known as Hitler s last Soldier in America Gunther Gebel Williams 1934 2001 animal trainer Manfred Kanther born 1939 politician Henning Eichberg born 1942 cultural sociologist Dorota Swieniewicz born 1972 volleyball player member of Poland women s national volleyball team Bartosz Huzarski born 1980 cyclist Anna Werblinska born 1984 volleyball player member of Poland women s national volleyball team Janusz Gol born 1985 Polish professional footballer Arkadiusz Piech born 1985 Polish professional footballer Patryk Klimala born 1998 Polish professional footballer Aleksander Balcerowski born 2000 basketball playerGallery edit nbsp Swidnica Town Hall nbsp St Stanislaus and St Wenceslaus Cathedral nbsp Dom pod bykami House under the bulls nbsp Saint Joseph s Church nbsp Historic townhouse at the market square nbsp Historic townhouse at the market square nbsp City ParkTwin towns sister cities editSee also List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland Swidnica is twinned with 16 nbsp Biberach an der Riss Germany nbsp Ivano Frankivsk Ukraine nbsp Kazincbarcika Hungary nbsp Nizhyn Ukraine nbsp Police nad Metuji Czech Republic nbsp Svencionys Lithuania nbsp Trutnov Czech Republic nbsp Tendring United KingdomNotes editReferences edit a b Local Data Bank Statistics Poland Retrieved 18 August 2022 Data for territorial unit 0219011 Press release Siedem nowych gmin w Aglomeracji Walbrzyskiej Swidnica24 pl Retrieved 23 February 2014 a b Rozporzadzenie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 15 marca 2017 r w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii Swidnica katedra pod wezwaniem sw Stanislawa Biskupa i Meczennika i sw Waclawa Meczennika Dz U z 2017 r poz 655 a b Rozporzadzenie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 15 marca 2017 r w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii Swidnica zespol kosciola ewangelicko augsburskiego pod wezwaniem Swietej Trojcy zwany Kosciolem Pokoju Dz U z 2017 r poz 672 a b c d e f g h Historia Swidnicy UM Swidnica in Polish Retrieved 25 November 2019 Czerwinski Janusz Chanas Ryszard 1977 Dolny Slask przewodnik in Polish Warszawa Sport i Turystyka pp 178 186 a b c d Swidnica Encyklopedia PWN in Polish Retrieved 25 November 2019 See Die Schedelsche Weltchronik on German Wikisource 220 lat Mazurka Dabrowskiego Jak wlasciwie spiewac Hymn Polski Swidnica24 pl in Polish 20 July 2017 Retrieved 1 November 2020 Belzyt Leszek 1998 Sprachliche Minderheiten im preussischen Staat 1815 1914 die preussische Sprachenstatistik in Bearbeitung und Kommentar Marburg Herder Inst ISBN 978 3 87969 267 5 Kujat Janusz Adam 2000 Pieniadz zastepczy w obozach jenieckich na terenie rejencji wroclawskiej w czasie I i II wojny swiatowej Lambinowicki rocznik muzealny in Polish 23 Opole 13 ISSN 0137 5199 Gefangnis Schweidnitz Bundesarchiv de in German Retrieved 1 November 2020 Sierotwinski Stanislaw 1966 Kronika zycia literackiego w Polsce pod okupacja hitlerowska proba przegladu zdarzen w ukladzie chronologicznym Rocznik Naukowo Dydaktyczny in Polish 24 Wydawnictwo Wyzszej Szkoly Pedagogicznej w Krakowie 53 Stanek Piotr 2015 Stalag Luft 7 Bankau i jego ewakuacja na Zachod w styczniu 1945 r Lambinowicki rocznik muzealny in Polish 38 Opole 66 ISSN 0137 5199 Kubasiewicz Izabela 2013 Emigranci z Grecji w Polsce Ludowej Wybrane aspekty z zycia mniejszosci In Dworaczek Kamil Kaminski Lukasz eds Letnia Szkola Historii Najnowszej 2012 Referaty in Polish Warszawa IPN p 117 Miasta partnerskie um swidnica pl in Polish Swidnica Retrieved 2020 03 03 External links edit nbsp Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Swidnica Website of the municipality of Swidnica Jewish Community in Swidnica on Virtual Shtetl Peace Church Panoramic view nbsp Media related to Swidnica at Wikimedia Commons Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Schweidnitz Encyclopaedia Britannica 11th ed Cambridge University Press Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Swidnica amp oldid 1187796312, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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