The Capparaceae (or Capparidaceae), commonly known as the caper family, are a family of plants in the order Brassicales. As currently circumscribed, the family contains 33 genera and about 700 species. The largest genera are Capparis (about 150 species), Maerua (about 100 species), Boscia (37 species) and Cadaba (30 species).
The Capparaceae have long been considered closely related to and have often been included in the Brassicaceae, the mustard family (APG, 1998), in part because both groups produce glucosinolate (mustard oil) compounds. Subsequent molecular studies[3] support Capparaceae sensu stricto as paraphyletic with respect to the Brassicaceae. However Cleome and several related genera are more closely related to members of the Brassicaceae than to the other Capparaceae. These genera are now either placed in the Brassicaceae (as subfamily Clemoideae) or segregated into the Cleomaceae. Several more genera of the traditional Capparaceae are more closely related to other members of the Brassicales, and the relationships of several more remain unresolved.[4] Based on morphological grounds and supported by molecular studies, the American species traditionally identified as Capparis have been transferred to resurrected generic names. Several new genera have also been recently described.[5]
Based on recent DNA-analysis, the Capparaceae are part of the core Brassicales, and based on limited testing, the following tree represent current insights in its relationship.[6]
^. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-04-12. Archived from the original on 2012-09-21. Retrieved 2011-01-31.
^Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
^ abSu, Jun-Xia; Wang, Wei; Zhang, Li-Bing; Chen, Zhi-Duan (June 2012). "Phylogenetic placement of two enigmatic genera, Borthwickia and Stixis, based on molecular and pollen data, and the description of a new family of Brassicales, Borthwickiaceae" (PDF). Taxon. 61 (3): 601–611. doi:10.1002/tax.613009.
^. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 1999-12-16. Retrieved 2011-01-31.
^. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2000-06-01. Retrieved 2011-01-31.
Further reading
Cornejo, X. & H. H. Iltis. 2006. New combinations in Capparaceae sensu stricto for Flora of Ecuador. Harvard Pap. Bot. 11(1): 17–18.
Cornejo, X. & H. H. Iltis. 2008a. Two new genera of Capparaceae: Sarcotoxicum and Mesocapparis stat. nov., and the reinstatement of Neocalyptrocalyx. Harvard Pap. Bot. 13(1): 103-116.
Cornejo, X. & H. H. Iltis. 2008b. New combinations in South American Capparaceae. Harvard Pap. Bot. 13(1): 117-120.
Cornejo, X. & H. H. Iltis. 2008c. Anisocapparis y Monilicarpa: dos nuevos géneros de Capparaceae de América del Sur. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(1): 61-74.
Cornejo, X. & H. H. Iltis. 2008d. The reinstatement of Capparidastrum. Harvard Pap. Bot. 13(2): 229-236.
Cornejo, X. & H. H. Iltis. 2008e. A revision of Colicodendron Mart. (Capparaceae s.s.). J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas, 2(1): 75-93.
Everitt, J.H.; Lonard, R.L.; Little, C.R. (2007). Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press. ISBN0-89672-614-2
Hall, J. C., K. J. Sytsma and H. H. Iltis. 2002. Phylogeny of Capparaceae and Brassicaceae based on chloroplast sequence data. American Journal of Botany 89: 1826-1842 (abstract here).
Hall, J. C., H. H. Iltis and K. J. Sytsma. 2004. Molecular phylogenetics of core Brassicales, placement of orphan genera Emblingia, Forchhammeria, Tirania, and character evolution. Systematic Botany 29: 654-669 (abstract here).
Hall, J. C. 2008. Systematics of Capparaceae and Cleomaceae: an evaluation of the generic delimitations of Capparis and Cleome using plastid DNA sequence data. Botany 86: 682–696.
Iltis, H. H. & Cornejo, X. 2007. Studies in the Capparaceae XXX. Capparicordis, a new genus from the Neotropics. Brittonia 59: 246–254.
Kers, L. E. 2003. Capparaceae. In: Kubitzki, K. (Series Editor):The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Vol.5: K. Kubitzki & C. Bayer (Volume Editors).Springer-Verlag Berlin, 36-56. ISBN3-540-42873-9
Takhtajan, A. 1997. Diversity and classification of flowering plants. ISBN0-231-10098-1
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Capparaceae.
Wikispecies has information related to Capparaceae.
Capparaceae, in Neotropikey
Capparaceae, in Flowering Plants of the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica.
in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards).
Family Capparaceae flowers in Israel 2008-12-26 at the Wayback Machine
January 08, 2023
capparaceae, capparidaceae, commonly, known, caper, family, family, plants, order, brassicales, currently, circumscribed, family, contains, genera, about, species, largest, genera, capparis, about, species, maerua, about, species, boscia, species, cadaba, spec. The Capparaceae or Capparidaceae commonly known as the caper family are a family of plants in the order Brassicales As currently circumscribed the family contains 33 genera and about 700 species The largest genera are Capparis about 150 species Maerua about 100 species Boscia 37 species and Cadaba 30 species CapparaceaeCaper Capparis spinosa Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade RosidsOrder BrassicalesFamily CapparaceaeJuss 1 2 GeneraSee text Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Genera 2 1 Excluded genera 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksTaxonomy EditThe Capparaceae have long been considered closely related to and have often been included in the Brassicaceae the mustard family APG 1998 in part because both groups produce glucosinolate mustard oil compounds Subsequent molecular studies 3 support Capparaceaesensu stricto as paraphyletic with respect to the Brassicaceae However Cleome and several related genera are more closely related to members of the Brassicaceae than to the other Capparaceae These genera are now either placed in the Brassicaceae as subfamily Clemoideae or segregated into the Cleomaceae Several more genera of the traditional Capparaceae are more closely related to other members of the Brassicales and the relationships of several more remain unresolved 4 Based on morphological grounds and supported by molecular studies the American species traditionally identified as Capparis have been transferred to resurrected generic names Several new genera have also been recently described 5 Based on recent DNA analysis the Capparaceae are part of the core Brassicales and based on limited testing the following tree represent current insights in its relationship 6 core Brassicales Resedaceaefamily Gyrostemonaceaefamily Pentadiplandraceaefamily Tovariaceaefamily Capparaceaefamily Cleomaceaefamily Brassicaceaefamily EmblingiaceaeGenera EditAnisocapparis Cornejo amp H H Iltis Apophyllum F Muell Bachmannia Pax Belencita H Karst Boscia Lam Buchholzia Engl Cadaba Forssk Calanthea DC Miers Capparicordis Iltis amp Cornejo Capparidastrum DC Hutch Capparis L Cladostemon A Braun amp Vatke Colicodendron Mart Crateva L Cynophalla J Presl Dhofaria A G Mill Dipterygium Decne Euadenia Oliv Hispaniolanthus Cornejo amp H H Iltis Maerua Forssk Mesocapparis Eichl Cornejo amp H H Iltis Monilicarpa Cornejo amp H H Iltis Morisonia L Neocalyptrocalyx Hutch Neothorelia Gagnep Poilanedora Gagnep Puccionia Chiov Quadrella J Presl Ritchiea R Br ex G Don Sarcotoxicum Cornejo amp H H Iltis Steriphoma Spreng Thilachium Lour 7 Excluded genera Edit Borthwickia W W Sm Resedaceae Cleome L Cleomaceae Cleomella DC Cleomaceae Dactylaena Schrad ex Schult f Cleomaceae Forchhammeria Liebm Stixaceae Haptocarpum Ule Cleomaceae Koeberlinia Zucc Koeberliniaceae Oxystylis Torr amp Frem Cleomaceae Pentadiplandra Baill Pentadiplandraceae Podandrogyne Ducke Cleomaceae Polanisia Raf Cleomaceae Setchellanthus Brandegee Setchellanthaceae Stixis Lour Stixaceae Tirania Pierre Stixaceae Wislizenia Engelm Cleomaceae 8 Additional genera to be excluded from the Capparaceae according to Kers in Kubitzki1 Genera that may be capparalean but do not fit within the CapparaceaeNeothorelia Gagnep 2 Genera insufficiently known but whose descriptions indicate they cannot belong to the CapparaceaeBorthwickia W W Sm Borthwickiaceae 6 Keithia Spreng Poilanedora Gagnep 3 Genera not treated in Kubitzki but usually regarded as CapparaceaeBuhsia Bunge Niebuhria DC References Edit Family Capparaceae Juss nom cons Germplasm Resources Information Network United States Department of Agriculture 2007 04 12 Archived from the original on 2012 09 21 Retrieved 2011 01 31 Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2009 An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants APG III Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 2 105 121 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 2009 00996 x Hall et al 2002 2008 Hall et al 2004 Cornejo amp Iltis 2006 2008a e Iltis amp Cornejo 2007 Hall 2008 a b Su Jun Xia Wang Wei Zhang Li Bing Chen Zhi Duan June 2012 Phylogenetic placement of two enigmatic genera Borthwickia and Stixis based on molecular and pollen data and the description of a new family of Brassicales Borthwickiaceae PDF Taxon 61 3 601 611 doi 10 1002 tax 613009 GRIN Genera of Capparaceae Germplasm Resources Information Network United States Department of Agriculture Archived from the original on 1999 12 16 Retrieved 2011 01 31 GRIN genera sometimes placed in Capparaceae Germplasm Resources Information Network United States Department of Agriculture Archived from the original on 2000 06 01 Retrieved 2011 01 31 Further reading EditCornejo X amp H H Iltis 2006 New combinations in Capparaceae sensu stricto for Flora of Ecuador Harvard Pap Bot 11 1 17 18 Cornejo X amp H H Iltis 2008a Two new genera of Capparaceae Sarcotoxicum and Mesocapparis stat nov and the reinstatement of Neocalyptrocalyx Harvard Pap Bot 13 1 103 116 Cornejo X amp H H Iltis 2008b New combinations in South American Capparaceae Harvard Pap Bot 13 1 117 120 Cornejo X amp H H Iltis 2008c Anisocapparis y Monilicarpa dos nuevos generos de Capparaceae de America del Sur J Bot Res Inst Texas 2 1 61 74 Cornejo X amp H H Iltis 2008d The reinstatement of Capparidastrum Harvard Pap Bot 13 2 229 236 Cornejo X amp H H Iltis 2008e A revision of Colicodendron Mart Capparaceae s s J Bot Res Inst Texas 2 1 75 93 Everitt J H Lonard R L Little C R 2007 Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico Lubbock Texas Tech University Press ISBN 0 89672 614 2 Hall J C K J Sytsma and H H Iltis 2002 Phylogeny of Capparaceae and Brassicaceae based on chloroplast sequence data American Journal of Botany 89 1826 1842 abstract here Hall J C H H Iltis and K J Sytsma 2004 Molecular phylogenetics of core Brassicales placement of orphan genera Emblingia Forchhammeria Tirania and character evolution Systematic Botany 29 654 669 abstract here Hall J C 2008 Systematics of Capparaceae and Cleomaceae an evaluation of the generic delimitations of Capparis and Cleome using plastid DNA sequence data Botany 86 682 696 Iltis H H amp Cornejo X 2007 Studies in the Capparaceae XXX Capparicordis a new genus from the Neotropics Brittonia 59 246 254 Kers L E 2003 Capparaceae In Kubitzki K Series Editor The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants Vol 5 K Kubitzki amp C Bayer Volume Editors Springer Verlag Berlin 36 56 ISBN 3 540 42873 9 Takhtajan A 1997 Diversity and classification of flowering plants ISBN 0 231 10098 1External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Capparaceae Wikispecies has information related to Capparaceae Capparaceae in Neotropikey Capparaceae in Flowering Plants of the Osa Peninsula Costa Rica Photos at University of Hawaii site Capparaceae as Capparidaceae in L Watson and M J Dallwitz 1992 onwards Family Capparaceae flowers in Israel Archived 2008 12 26 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Capparaceae amp oldid 1062615734, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
