Wikipedia
Cleome
Cleome is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cleomaceae, commonly known as spider flowers, spider plants, spider weeds, or bee plants.[2][3] Previously, it had been placed in the family Capparaceae, until DNA studies found the Cleomaceae genera to be more closely related to the Brassicaceae than the Capparaceae. Cleome and clammyweed (Polanisia dodecandra) can sometimes be confused.
| Cleome | |
|---|---|
| Cleome houtteana | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Brassicales |
| Family: | Cleomaceae |
| Genus: | Cleome L. |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| List
| |
The genus sensu stricto includes about 170 species of herbaceous annual or perennial plants and shrubs.[4] The genus has a subcosmopolitan distribution throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world.[4] However, a recent DNA study failed to separate Cleome, Podandrogyne, and Polanisia from each other, so some taxonomists have abandoned the last two of these genera, treating them as part of Cleome sensu lato; in this case, Cleome contains about 275 species, the vast majority of the Cleomaceae.
The genus contains species which show an evolutionary progression from C3 to C4 photosynthesis. This, combined with it being very close to the Brassicaceae with the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana, makes it an ideal genus in which to study the evolution of C4 photosynthesis. Morphological differences that demonstrate the transition from C3 to C4 include C3 species having leaves with more veins and larger bundle sheath cells. Also, species such as Cleome gynandra produce proteins needed for C4 photosynthesis.[5] Three species independently acquired the C4 pathway, while others are C3–C4 intermediate or C4-like.[6]
Species edit
199 species are accepted.[1][4][7][8][9][10]
- Cleome aculeata L. – tropical
- Cleome africana Botsch.
- Cleome afrospina Iltis
- Cleome albescens Franch.
- Cleome aldenella W.R.Ernst
- Cleome allamanii Chiov.
- Cleome amblyocarpa Barratte & Murb.
- Cleome angulata (DC.) Schult. & Schult.f. – western India and Java
- Cleome angustifolia Forssk. – African – C4
- Cleome anomala Kunth – neotropical
- Cleome arabica L.
- Cleome arenitensis Craven, Lepschi & Fryxell
- Cleome ariana Hedge & Lamond
- Cleome aspera J.Koenig ex DC.
- Cleome atropurpurea Schott
- Cleome augustinensis (Hochr.) Briq.
- Cleome bahiana (Iltis & Costa-e-Silva ex Soares Neto & Roalson) ined.
- Cleome bahiensis (Ule) Christenh. & Byng
- Cleome bicolor Gardner
- Cleome bojeri Hadj-Moust.
- Cleome boliviensis Iltis
- Cleome bororensis (Klotzsch) Oliv.
- Cleome brachiata (Bojer) Briq.
- Cleome brachycarpa Vahl ex DC.
- Cleome brachystyla Deflers
- Cleome brevipetiolata D.F.Chamb. & Lamond
- Cleome briquetii Polhill
- Cleome bundeica P.S.Short
- Cleome burttii R.A.Graham
- Cleome carnosa (Pax) Gilg & Gilg-Ben.
- Cleome chapalensis Iltis
- Cleome chelidonii L.f.
- Cleome chilensis DC.
- Cleome chiriquensis (Standl.) Govaerts
- Cleome chodatiana Iltis
- Cleome chrysantha Decne.
- Cleome cleomoides (F.Muell.) Iltis
- Cleome coccinea (Benth.) Govaerts
- Cleome coeruleorosea Gilg & Gilg-Ben.
- Cleome coluteoides Boiss.
- Cleome conrathii Burtt Davy
- Cleome cordobensis Eichler ex Griseb.
- Cleome cornus-africani (Thulin) Thulin
- Cleome costaricensis Iltis
- Cleome crenopetala DC.
- Cleome decipiens Triana & Planch.
- Cleome densiflora (Benth.) Triana & Planch.
- Cleome densifolia C.H.Wright
- Cleome diffusa Banks ex DC.
- Cleome dodecandra L.
- Cleome domingensis Iltis
- Cleome drepanocarpa O.Schwartz
- Cleome droserifolia Forssk. (Delile)
- Cleome dumosa Baker
- Cleome × ecuadorica Heilborn
- Cleome elegantissima Briq.
- Cleome eosina J.F.Macbr.
- Cleome erosa (Nutt.) Eaton
- Cleome felina L.f.
- Cleome flava Banks ex DC.
- Cleome foliosa Hook.f.
- Cleome formosa (Cochrane) N.Zamora
- Cleome fosteriana Iltis
- Cleome frutescens Aubl.
- Cleome gallaensis Gilg & Gilg-Ben.
- Cleome gigantea L.
- Cleome glandulosa Ruiz & Pav. ex DC.
- Cleome glaucescens DC.
- Cleome gobica Grubov
- Cleome gordjaginii Popov
- Cleome gossweileri Exell
- Cleome guaranitica (Chodat & Hassl.) Briq.
- Cleome guianensis Aubl.
- Cleome gynandra L. – C4
- Cleome hadramautica Thulin
- Cleome hanburyana Penz.
- Cleome hemsleyana (Bullock) Iltis
- Cleome heratensis Bunge & Bien. ex Boiss.
- Cleome hirta (Klotzsch) Oliv.
- Cleome hispidula (DC.) Govaerts
- Cleome horrida Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.
- Cleome houstonii R.Br.
- Cleome houtteana Schltdl.
- Cleome humilis Rose
- Cleome iberica DC.
- Cleome iberidella Welw. ex Oliv.
- Cleome inermis Malme
- Cleome insolata P.S.Short
- Cleome jamesii (Torr. & A.Gray) Govaerts
- Cleome jamesonii Briq.
- Cleome kalachariensis Gilg & Gilg-Ben.
- Cleome karachiensis S.Riaz, Abid & Qaiser
- Cleome karjaginii Tzvelev
- Cleome kelleriana (Schinz) Gilg & Gilg-Ben.
- Cleome kenneallyi Hewson
- Cleome kermesina Gilg & Gilg-Ben.
- Cleome kersiana Thulin
- Cleome khorassanica Bunge & Bien. ex Boiss.
- Cleome laburnifolia Roessler
- Cleome lanceolata (Mart. & Zucc.) H.H.Iltis
- Cleome latifolia Vahl ex DC.
- Cleome lechleri Eichler
- Cleome leptorachis Linden & Planch.
- Cleome lilloi M.Gómez
- Cleome limmenensis P.S.Short
- Cleome limoneolens J.F.Macbr.
- Cleome linophylla (O.Schwarz) Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Cleome lipskyi Popov
- Cleome longifolia C.Presl
- Cleome longipes Lamb. ex DC.
- Cleome lophosperma P.S.Short
- Cleome macradenia Schweinf.
- Cleome macrophylla (Klotzsch) Briq.
- Cleome macrorhiza C.Wright
- Cleome maculata (Sond.) Szyszył.
- Cleome magnifica Briq.
- Cleome mathewsii Briq.
- Cleome melanosperma S.Watson
- Cleome microaustralica Iltis
- Cleome microcarpa Ule
- Cleome monandra DC.
- Cleome monophylla L.
- Cleome monophylloides R.Wilczek
- Cleome moricandii Briq.
- Cleome moritziana Klotzsch ex Eichler
- Cleome mossamedensis Exell & Mendonça
- Cleome niamniamensis Schweinf. & Gilg
- Cleome oligandra Kers
- Cleome omanensis (D.F.Chamb. & Lamond) Thulin
- Cleome ornithopodioides L.
- Cleome oxalidea F.Muell. – C4
- Cleome oxypetala Boiss.
- Cleome oxyphylla Burch.
- Cleome pakistanica (Jafri) Khatoon & A.Perveen
- Cleome pallida Kotschy
- Cleome paludosa Willd. ex Eichler
- Cleome paradoxa R.Br. ex DC.
- Cleome parviflora Kunth
- Cleome parviflora Kunth
- Cleome parvipetala R.A.Graham
- Cleome parvisepala Heilborn
- Cleome parvula R.A.Graham
- Cleome paxii (Schinz) Gilg & Gilg-Ben.
- Cleome perrieri Hadj-Moust.
- Cleome pilosa Benth.
- Cleome polyanthera Schweinf. & Gilg
- Cleome polytricha Franch.
- Cleome postrata D.Subram.
- Cleome procumbens Jacq.
- Cleome puberula Triana & Planch.
- Cleome puccionia Christenh. & Byng
- Cleome pulchella (Lindl.) Schult. & Schult.f.
- Cleome quinquenervia DC.
- Cleome ramosissima Parl. ex Webb
- Cleome regnellii Eichler
- Cleome rosea Vahl ex DC.
- Cleome rostrata Bobrov
- Cleome rotundifolia (Mart. & Zucc.) Iltis
- Cleome rubella Burch.
- Cleome rutidosperma DC.
- Cleome rubelloides Kers
- Cleome rupicola Vicary
- Cleome scaposa DC.
- Cleome schimperi Pax
- Cleome schlechteri Briq.
- Cleome semitetrandra Sond.
- Cleome serrata Jacq.
- Cleome siliculifera Eichler
- Cleome silvatica Gilg & Gilg-Ben.
- Cleome simplicifolia (Cambess.) Hook.f. & Thomson
- Cleome socotrana Balf.f.
- Cleome speciosa Raf.
- Cleome spinosa Jacq.
- Cleome stenopetala Gilg & Gilg-Ben.
- Cleome stenophylla Klotzsch ex Urban
- Cleome steveniana Schult. & Schult.f.
- Cleome stricta (Klotzsch) R.A.Graham
- Cleome strigosa (Bojer) Oliv.
- Cleome stylosa Eichler
- Cleome suffruticosa Schinz
- Cleome tenella L.f.
- Cleome tenuifolia (Mart. & Zucc.) Iltis
- Cleome tenuis S.Watson
- Cleome tetrandra DC.
- Cleome titubans Speg.
- Cleome tomentella Popov
- Cleome torticarpa Iltis & T.Ruíz
- Cleome trachycarpa Klotzsch ex Eichler
- Cleome trachysperma (Torr. & A.Gray) Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Cleome tucumanensis H.H.Iltis
- Cleome turkmena Bobrov
- Cleome uncifera Kers
- Cleome uniglandulosa Cav.
- Cleome usambarica Pax
- Cleome vahliana Fresen.
- Cleome violacea L.
- Cleome virens J.F.Macbr.
- Cleome viscosa L.
- Cleome werdermannii Alf.Ernst
- Cleome yunnanensis W.W.Sm.
Cultivation and uses edit
Cleome gynandra is used as a vegetable crop. C. houtteana is a commonly cultivated ornamental plant with purple, pink, or white flowers.
Gallery of species edit
| Stereo image | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Cleome seeds resemble snail shells | |||
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- Cleome foliosa, from arid region in Namibia
- Cleome gynandra, cultivated as a vegetable
- Cleome 'Inncleosr' Senorita Rosalita
- Cleome houtteana also known as Tarenaya hassleriana[11] a common garden ornamental
- Cleome monophylla
- Cleome oxyphylla
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References edit
- ^ a b "Cleome L." Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
- ^ Steve L. O’Kane Jr. . San Juan College. Archived from the original on October 5, 2011. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
- ^ G. J. H. Grubben (2004). Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2: Vegetables. PROTA. p. 197–198. ISBN 978-90-5782-147-9.
- ^ a b c Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening 1: 652-653. Macmillan. ISBN 1-56159-001-0.
- ^ Marshall, D.M.; Muhaidat, R.; Brown, N.J.; Liu, Z.; Stanley, S.; Griffiths, H.; Sage, R.F.; Hibberd, J.M. (2007). "Cleome, a genus closely related to Arabidopsis, contains species spanning a developmental progression from C3 to C4 photosynthesis". The Plant Journal. 51 (5): 886–896. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03188.x. ISSN 0960-7412. PMID 17692080.
- ^ Feodorova, T.A.; Voznesenskaya, E.V.; Edwards, G.E.; Roalson, E.H. (2010). "Biogeographic patterns of diversification and the origins of C4 in Cleome (Cleomaceae)" (PDF). Systematic Botany. 35 (4): 811–826. doi:10.1600/036364410X539880. ISSN 0363-6445. S2CID 84983697. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
- ^ Germplasm Resources Information Network: Cleome list 2009-01-20 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Flora Europaea: Cleome list
- ^ USDA Plants Profile: Cleome list
- ^ Efloras: Cleome search results
- ^ Flora of China 7: 430–431. 2008: Tarenaya Rafinesque