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John Heisman

January 07, 2023

John William Heisman (October 23, 1869 – October 3, 1936) was a player and coach of American football, baseball, and basketball, as well as a sportswriter and actor. He served as the head football coach at Oberlin College, Buchtel College (now known as the University of Akron), Auburn University, Clemson University, Georgia Tech, the University of Pennsylvania, Washington & Jefferson College, and Rice University, compiling a career college football record of 186–70–18.

John Heisman
Heisman at Georgia Tech circa 1918
Biographical details
Born(1869-10-23)October 23, 1869
Cleveland, Ohio
DiedOctober 3, 1936(1936-10-03) (aged 66)
New York City
Alma mater
Playing career
Football
1887–1888Brown
1889–1891Penn
Position(s)Center, tackle, end
Coaching career (HC unless noted)
Football
1892Oberlin
1893–1894Buchtel
1894Oberlin
1895–1899Auburn
1900–1903Clemson
1904–1919Georgia Tech
1920–1922Penn
1923Washington & Jefferson
1924–1927Rice
Basketball
1908–1909Georgia Tech
1912–1914Georgia Tech
Baseball
1894Buchtel
1901–1903Clemson
1904–1917Georgia Tech
Administrative career (AD unless noted)
1904–1919Georgia Tech
1924–1927Rice
Head coaching record
Overall186–70–18 (football)
9–14 (basketball)
199–108–7 (baseball)
Accomplishments and honors
Championships
Football
2 National (1916, 1917)
7 SIAA (1900, 1902–1903, 1915–1918)

Baseball
SIAA (1906)
College Football Hall of Fame
Inducted in 1954 (profile)

Heisman was also the head basketball coach at Georgia Tech, tallying a mark of 9–14, and the head baseball coach at Buchtel, Clemson, and Georgia Tech, amassing a career college baseball record of 199–108–7. He served as the athletic director at Georgia Tech and Rice. While at Georgia Tech, he was also the president of the Atlanta Crackers baseball team.

Sportswriter Fuzzy Woodruff dubbed Heisman the "pioneer of Southern football".[1] He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1954. His entry there notes that Heisman "stands only behind Amos Alonzo Stagg, Pop Warner, and Walter Camp as a master innovator of the brand of football of his day".[2] He was instrumental in several changes to the game, including legalizing the forward pass. The Heisman Trophy, awarded annually to the season's most outstanding college football player, is named after him.

Early life and playing career

 
Heisman at Penn, 1891

John Heisman was born Johann Wilhelm Heisman[n 1] on October 23, 1869, in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Bavarian German immigrant Johann Michael Heissmann and Sara Lehr Heissman. He grew up in northwestern Pennsylvania near Titusville and was salutatorian of his graduating class at Titusville High School.[6] His oration at his graduation entitled "The Dramatist as Sermonizer" was described as "full of dramatic emphasis and fire, and showed how the masterpieces of Shakespeare depicted the ends of unchecked passion."[6][7]

Although he was a drama student, he confessed he was "football mad". He played varsity football for Titusville High School from 1884 to 1886.[6] Heisman's father refused to watch him play at Titusville, calling football "bestial".[8] Heisman went on to play football as a lineman at Brown University[9] and at the University of Pennsylvania.[10][11][12] He also played baseball at Penn.[13]

On Brown's football team, he was a substitute guard in 1887, and a starting tackle in 1888.[11] At Penn, he was a substitute center in 1889, a substitute center and tackle in 1890, and a starting end in 1891.[11] Sportswriter Edwin Pope tells us Heisman was "a 158-pound center ... in constant dread that his immediate teammates—guards weighing 212 and 243—would fall on him."[14] He had a flat nose due to being struck in the face by a football, when he tried to block a kick against Penn State by leap-frogging the center.[14]

Heisman graduated from the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 1892.[12] Due to poor eyesight, he took his exams orally.[15][16]

Coaching career

In his book Principles of Football, Heisman described his coaching strategy: "The coach should be masterful and commanding, even dictatorial. He has no time to say 'please' or 'mister'. At times he must be severe, arbitrary, and little short of a czar."[17][18] Heisman always used a megaphone at practice.[19] He was known for his use of polysyllabic language.[9] "Heisman's voice was deep, his diction perfect, his tone biting."[14] He was known to repeat this annually, at the start of each football season:[20]

What is this? It is a prolate spheroid, an elongated sphere in which the outer leather casing is drawn tightly over a somewhat smaller rubber tubing. Better to have died as a small boy than to fumble this football.

Early coaching career: Oberlin and Buchtel

Heisman first coached at Oberlin College.[6][11] In 1892, The Oberlin Review wrote: "Mr. Heisman has entirely remade our football. He has taught us scientific football."[21] He used the double pass, from tackle to halfback,[22] and moved his quarterback to the safety position on defense.[23] Influenced by Yale and Pudge Heffelfinger, Heisman implemented the now illegal "flying wedge" formation.[24] It involved seven players arranged as a "V" to protect the ball carrier.[25] Heisman was also likely influenced by Heffelfinger to pull guards on end runs.[26][27]

1892

 
The 1892 Oberlin football team: Heisman on the left in the middle row.

On his 1892 team, Heisman's trainer was Clarence Hemingway, the father of author Ernest Hemingway[28] and one of his linemen was the first Hawaiian to play college football, the future politician John Henry Wise.[29][30] The team beat Ohio State twice, and considered itself undefeated at the end of the season.[29] However, the outcome of its game against Michigan is still in dispute. Michigan declared it had won the game, 26–24, but Oberlin said it won 24–22. The referee, an Oberlin substitute player, had ruled that time had expired. The umpire, a Michigan supporter, ruled otherwise. Michigan's George Jewett, who had scored all of his team's points and was the school's first black player, then ran for a touchdown with no Oberlin players on the field. The Michigan Daily and Detroit Tribune reported that Michigan had won the game, while The Oberlin News and The Oberlin Review reported that Oberlin had won.[28]

1893

In 1893, Heisman became the football and baseball coach at Buchtel College. A disappointing baseball season was made up for by a 5–2 football season.[31] It was then customary for the center to begin a play by rolling or kicking the ball backwards, but this proved difficult for Buchtel's unusually tall quarterback Harry Clark.[32][n 2] Under Heisman, the center began tossing the ball to Clark, a practice that eventually evolved into the snap.[34]

The first school to officially defeat Heisman was Case School of Applied Science, known today as Case Western Reserve.

1894

Buchtel won a single game against Ohio State at the Ohio State Fair[35] before Heisman returned to Oberlin in 1894, posting a 4–3–1 record, including losses to Michigan and undefeated Penn State.[25][36] The Penn State game ended with a fair catch and free kick, which resulted in a field goal for Penn State. Referees were confused whether teams could kick a field goal or had to punt on a free kick, and the game ended 6–4 in favor of Oberlin, but Walter Camp over-ruled the game officials, allowing Penn State its extra free kick and the victory 9–6.[37]

Auburn

 
Heisman at Auburn

After his two years at Oberlin and possibly due to the economic Panic of 1893, Heisman invested his savings and began working at a tomato farm in Marshall, Texas.[38] It was hard work in the heat and Heisman was losing money.[39][40] He was contacted by Walter Riggs, then the manager of the Alabama Polytechnic Institute (Auburn University) football team. Auburn was looking for a football coach, and Heisman was suggested to Riggs by his former player at Oberlin, Penn's then-captain Carl S. Williams.[39] For a salary of $500, he accepted a part-time job as a "trainer".[38]

Heisman coached football at Auburn from 1895 to 1899. Auburn's yearbook, the Glomerata, in 1897 stated "Heisman came to us in the fall of '95, and the day on which he arrived at Auburn can well be marked as the luckiest in the history of athletics at the Alabama Polytechnic Institute."[41]

At Auburn, Heisman had the idea for his quarterback to call out "hike" or "hep" to start a play and receive the ball from the center, or to draw the opposing team into an offside penalty.[42] He also used a fake snap to draw the other team offsides.[43] He began his use of a type of delayed buck play where an end took a hand-off, then handed the ball to the halfback on the opposite side, who rushed up the middle.[42]

As a coach, Heisman "railed and snorted in practice, imploring players to do their all for God, country, Auburn, and Heisman. Before each game he made squadmen take a nonshirk, nonflinch oath."[44] Due to his fondness for Shakespeare, he would sometimes use a British accent at practice.[41] While it was then illegal to coach from the sidelines during a game, Heisman would sometimes use secret signals with a bottle or a handkerchief to communicate with his team.[38]

1895

 
Auburn vs. Georgia in 1895

Heisman's first game as an Auburn coach came against Vanderbilt. Heisman had his quarterback Reynolds Tichenor use the "hidden ball trick" to tie the game at 6 points.[45][46] However, Vanderbilt answered by kicking a field goal and won 9–6, making it the first game of Southern football decided by a field goal.[47] In the rivalry game with Georgia, Auburn won 16–6. Georgia coach Pop Warner copied the hidden ball trick, and in 1903, his Carlisle team famously used it to defeat Harvard.[48][49]

Earlier in the 1895 season, Heisman witnessed one of the first illegal forward passes when Georgia faced North Carolina in Atlanta. Georgia was about to block a punt when UNC's Joel Whitaker tossed the ball out of desperation, and George Stephens caught the pass and ran 70 yards for a touchdown.[50][51] Georgia coach Pop Warner complained to the referee that the play was illegal, but the referee let the play stand because he did not see the pass.[51] Later, Heisman became one of the main proponents of making the forward pass legal.

1896

 
1896 Auburn team, Heisman standing on the right

Lineman Marvin "Babe" Pearce had transferred to Auburn from Alabama, and Reynolds Tichenor was captain of the 1896 Auburn team, which beat Georgia Tech 45–0.[52] Auburn players greased the train tracks the night before the game. Georgia Tech's train did not stop until Loachapoka, and the Georgia Tech players had to walk the 5 miles back to Auburn.[53] This began a tradition of students parading through the streets in their pajamas, known as the "Wreck Tech Pajama Parade".[54]

Auburn finished the season by losing 12–6 to Pop Warner's Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association champion Georgia team, which was led by quarterback Richard Von Albade Gammon.[55] Auburn received its first national publicity when Heisman was able to convince Harper's Weekly to publish the 1896 team's photo.[38]

1897

The 1897 Auburn team featured linemen Pearce and John Penton, a transfer from Virginia.[56] Of its three games, one was a scoreless tie against Sewanee, from "The University of the South" in Tennessee.[57] Another was a 14–4 defeat of Nashville, which featured Bradley Walker.[58]

Tichenor had transferred to Georgia. Gammon moved to fullback and died in the game against Virginia.[59]

Auburn finished the 1897 football season $700 in debt, and in response, Heisman took on the role of a theater producer and staged the comedic play David Garrick.[60]

1898

Having made enough money for another football season, the 1898 team won two out of three games, with its loss coming against undefeated North Carolina.[57] After falling behind 13–4 to Georgia, Heisman started using fullback George Mitcham, and won the game 18–17.[56][61]

1899

The 1899 team, which Heisman considered his best while at Auburn,[56] was led by fullback Arthur Feagin and ran an early version of the hurry-up offense. As Heisman recalled, "I do not think I have ever seen so fast a team as that was."[62]

Auburn was leading Georgia by a score of 11–6 when the game was called due to darkness, lighting not being available at that time, resulting in an official scoreless tie.[63] Heisman fitted his linemen with straps and handles under their belts so that the other linemen could hold onto them and prevent the opposing team from breaking through the line. The umpire W. L. Taylor had to cut them.[38]

Auburn lost just one game, 11–10 to the "Iron Men" of Sewanee, who shutout all their other opponents.[64] A report of the game says "Feagin is a player of exceptional ability, and runs with such force that some ground belongs to him on every attempt."[65]

Heisman left Auburn after the 1899 season, and wrote a farewell letter with "tears in my eyes, and tears in my voice; tears even in the trembling of my hand".[66] "You will not feel hard toward me; you will forgive me, you will not forget me? Let me ask to retain your friendship. Can a man be associated for five successive seasons with Grand Old Auburn, toiling for her, befriended by her, striving with her, and yet not love her?"[66]

Clemson

 
Walter Riggs (pictured) helped get Heisman hired at Auburn and Clemson.

Heisman was hired by Clemson University as football and baseball coach. He coached at Clemson from 1900 to 1903, and was the first Clemson coach who had experience coaching at another school.[67][68] He still has the highest winning percentage in school history in both football and baseball.[69] Again Walter Riggs, who moved on from Auburn to coach and manage at Clemson, was instrumental in the hiring. Riggs started an association to help pay Heisman's salary, which was $1,800 per year, and raised $415.11.[70]

Heisman coached baseball from 1901 to 1903, posting a 28–6–1 record.[71] Under Heisman, pitcher Vedder Sitton was considered "one of the best twirlers in the country" and one of "the best pitchers that Clemson ever had".[72][73]

Football

In his four seasons as Clemson football coach, Heisman won three SIAA titles: in 1900, 1902, and 1903.[10][74] By the time of his hiring in 1900, Heisman was "the undisputed master of Southern football".[75] Heisman later said that his approach at Clemson was "radically different from anything on earth".[76][77]

1900

The 1900 season had "the rise of Clemson from a little school whose football teams had never been heard of before, to become a football machine of the very first power."[78] Clemson finished the season undefeated at 6–0, and beat Davidson on opening day by a 64–0 score, then the largest ever made in the South.[79]

 
Heisman at Clemson

Clemson then beat Wofford 21–0, agreeing that every point scored after the first four touchdowns did not count, and South Carolina 51–0.[80][81] The team also beat Georgia, VPI, and Alabama. Clemson beat Georgia 39–5, and Clemson players were pelted with coal from the nearby dorms.[81] Clemson beat VPI 12–5. The game was called short due to darkness, and on VPI was Hall of Famer Hunter Carpenter.[81][82] Stars for the Clemson team included captain and tackle Norman Walker, end Jim Lynah, and halfback Buster Hunter.[56]

1901

The 1901 Clemson team beat Guilford on opening day 122–0, scoring the most points in Clemson history, and the next week it tied Tennessee 6–6, finishing the season at 3–1–1.[80] Clemson beat Georgia and lost to VPI 17–11, with Carpenter starring for VPI.[83] The season closed with a defeat of North Carolina. Lynah later transferred to Cornell and played for Pop Warner.[84]

1902

Heisman was described as "a master of taking advantage of the surprise element."[85] The day before the game against Georgia Tech, Heisman sent in substitutes to Atlanta, who checked into a hotel, and partied until dawn. The next day, the varsity team was well rested and prepared, while Georgia Tech was fooled and expected an easy win. Clemson won that game 44–5.[69][86] In a 28–0 defeat of Furman, an oak tree was on the field, and Heisman called for a lateral pass using the tree as an extra blocker.[87]

The 1902 team went 6–1.[80] Clemson lost 12–6 to the South Carolina Gamecocks in Columbia, for the first time since 1896, when their rivalry began.[88] Several fights broke out that day. As one writer put it: "The Carolina fans that week were carrying around a poster with the image of a tiger with a gamecock standing on top of it, holding the tiger's tail as if he was steering the tiger". Another brawl broke out before both sides agreed to burn the poster in an effort to defuse tensions. In the aftermath, the rivalry was suspended until 1909.[89][90] The last game of the season, Clemson beat Tennessee 11–0 in the snow, in a game during which Tennessee's Toots Douglas launched a 109-yard punt (the field length was 110 yards in those days).[91][92]

1903
 
1903 Clemson football team: Heisman in back, second from left with glasses

The 1903 team went 4–1–1, and opened the season by beating Georgia 29–0. The next week, Clemson played Georgia's rival Georgia Tech. To inspire Clemson, Georgia offered a bushel of apples for every point it scored after the 29th.[93] Rushing for 615 yards, Clemson beat Georgia Tech 73–0.[93] The team then beat North Carolina A&M, lost to North Carolina, and beat Davidson.[80]

After the end of the season, a postseason game was scheduled with Cumberland, billed as the championship of the South. Clemson and Cumberland tied 11–11.[94] While both teams can therefore be listed as champion, Heisman named Cumberland champion.[74][95]

In 1902 and 1903, several Clemson players made the All-Southern team, an all-star team of players from the South selected by several writers after the season, analogous to All-America teams. They included ends Vedder Sitton and Hope Sadler, quarterback Johnny Maxwell, and fullback Jock Hanvey.[72][96]

Fuzzy Woodruff relates Heisman's role in selecting All-Southern teams: "The first selections that had any pretense of being backed by a judicial consideration were made by W. Reynolds Tichenor...The next selections were made by John W. Heisman, who was as good a judge of football men as the country ever produced."[97][98]

Georgia Tech

After the 73–0 defeat by Clemson, Georgia Tech approached Heisman and was able to hire him as a coach and an athletic director.[99][100] A banner proclaiming "Tech Gets Heisman for 1904" was strung across Atlanta's Piedmont Park.[101] Heisman was hired for $2,250 a year and 30% of the home ticket sales,[102] a $50 raise over his Clemson salary.[101][n 3] He coached Georgia Tech for the longest tenure of his career, 16 years.

Baseball and basketball

 
1907 Georgia Tech baseball team: Heisman in center, holding megaphone

At Georgia Tech, Heisman coached baseball and basketball in addition to football.[103]

The 1906 Georgia Tech baseball team was his best, posting a 23–3 record.[104] Star players in 1906 included captain and outfielder Chip Robert, shortstop Tommy McMillan, and pitchers Ed Lafitte and Craig Day.[105][106] In 1907, Lafitte posted 19 strikeouts in 10 innings against rival Georgia.[107] In 1908, Heisman was also Georgia Tech's first basketball coach.[108] For many years after his death, from 1938 to 1956, Georgia Tech played basketball in the Heisman Gym.[109]

In 1904, Heisman was an official in an Atlanta indoor baseball league.[110] In 1908, Heisman became the president of the Atlanta Crackers. The Cracker Club they called it. minor league baseball team. The Atlanta Crackers captured the 1909 Southern Association title.[111] Heisman also became the athletic director of the Atlanta Athletic Club in 1908, its golf course having been built in 1904.[102][112]

Football

Heisman never had a losing season coaching Georgia Tech football, including three undefeated campaigns and a 32-game undefeated streak.[n 4] At some time during his tenure at Georgia Tech, he started the practice of posting downs and yardage on the scoreboard.[114]

1904–1914: The first decade at Georgia Tech

Heisman's first football season at Georgia Tech was an 8–1–1 record, the first winning season for Georgia Tech since 1893 (the 1901 team was blacklisted).[102] One source relates: "The real feature of the season was the marvelous advance made by the Georgia School of Technology."[115] Georgia Tech posted victories over Georgia, Tennessee, Florida State, University of Florida (at Lake City), and Cumberland, and a tie with Heisman's previous employer, Clemson. The team suffered just one loss, to Auburn. Tackle Lob Brown and halfback Billy Wilson were selected All-Southern.[116] The same season, Dan McGugin was hired by Vanderbilt and Mike Donahue by Auburn. Vanderbilt and Auburn would dominate the SIAA until 1916, when Heisman won his first official title with Georgia Tech.[117][118]

The 1905 Georgia Tech team, the first to be called "Yellow Jackets",[119] went 6–0–1 and Heisman gained a reputation as a coaching "wizard".[120][121] Heisman also drew much acclaim as a sportswriter, and was regularly published in the sports section of the Atlanta Constitution,[122] and later in Collier's Weekly.[123]

Rule changes

After the bloody 1905 football season—the Chicago Tribune reported 18 players had been killed and 159 seriously injured, United States President Theodore Roosevelt intervened and demanded the rules be reformed to make the sport safer.[124] The rules committee then legalized the forward pass, for which Heisman was instrumental, enlisting the support of Henry L. Williams and committee members John Bell and Paul Dashiell.[125][126] Heisman believed that a forward pass would improve the game by allowing a more open style of play, thus discouraging mass attack tactics and the flying wedge formation.[22][127] The rule changes came in 1906, three years after Heisman began actively lobbying for that decision.[22][128]

Before the 1910 season, Heisman convinced the rules committee to change football from a game of two halves to four quarters, again for safety.[129] Despite lobbying for these rule changes, Heisman's teams from 1906 to 1914 continued to post winning records, but with multiple losses each season, including a loss to Auburn each season but 1906.

1906–1909: Start of the jump shift
 
Diagram illustrating Heisman's shift formation

The 1906 Georgia Tech team beat Auburn for the first time, and in a loss to Sewanee first used Heisman's jump shift offense, which became known as the Heisman shift.[130][131] In the jump shift, all but the center may shift into various formations, with a jump before the snap. A play started with only the center on the line of scrimmage. The backfield would be in a vertical line, as if in an I-formation with an extra halfback, or a giant T. After the shift, a split second elapsed, and then the ball was snapped.[132] In one common instance of the jump shift, the line shifted to put the center between guard and tackle. The three backs nearest the line of scrimmage would shift all to one side, and the center snapped it to the tailback.[133]

The 1907 team played its games at Ponce de Leon Park, where the Atlanta Crackers also played.[120] The team went 4–4, and suffered Heisman's worst loss at Georgia Tech, 54–0 to Vanderbilt.[134] "Twenty Percent" Davis, considered 20% of the team's worth,[135] was selected All-Southern.[136]

Chip Robert was captain of the 1908 team, which went 6–3, including a 44–0 blowout loss to Auburn in which Lew Hardage returned a kickoff 108 yards for a touchdown.[120][137] Davis again was All-Southern.[138] Georgia attacked Georgia Tech's recruitment tactics in football.[139] Georgia alumni incited an SIAA investigation, claiming that Georgia Tech had created a fraudulent scholarship fund.[139] The SIAA ruled in favor of Georgia Tech, but the 1908 game was canceled that season due to bad blood between the rivals.[139] Davis was captain of the 1909 team, which won seven games, but was shutout by SIAA champion Sewanee and Auburn.[120]

1910–1914: Relying on the jump shift

Heisman's 1910 team went 5–3, and relied on the jump shift for the first time.[120][132] Hall of Famer Bob McWhorter played for the Georgia Bulldogs from 1910 to 1913, and for those seasons Georgia Tech lost to Georgia and Auburn.

In 1910, Georgia Tech was also beaten by SIAA champion Vanderbilt 22–0. Though Vanderbilt was held scoreless in the first half, Ray Morrison starred in the second half and Bradley Walker's officiating was criticized throughout.[140] Tackle Pat Patterson was selected All-Southern.[141] The 1911 team featured future head coach William Alexander as a reserve quarterback.[142][143] Pat Patterson was team captain and selected All-Southern.[120] The team played Alabama to a scoreless tie, after which Heisman said he had never seen a player "so thoroughly imbued with the true spirit of football as Hargrove Van de Graaff."[144]

 
Grant Field circa 1913

The 1912 team opened the season by playing the Army's 11th Cavalry regiment to a scoreless tie. The team also lost to Sewanee, and quarterback Alf McDonald was selected All-Southern.[145] The team moved to Grant Field from Ponce de Leon Park by 1913, and lost its first game there to Georgia 14–0.[146] The season's toughest win came against Florida, 13–3, after Florida was up 3–0 at the half. Heisman said his opponents played the best football he had seen a Florida squad play.[147]

The independent 1914 team was captained by halfback Wooch Fielder and went 6–2. The team beat Mercer 105–0 and the next week had a 13–0 upset loss to Alabama.[120] End Jim Senter and halfback J. S. Patton were selected All-Southern.[148]

Four straight SIAA championships

During the span of 1915 to 1918, Georgia Tech posted a 30–1–2 record, outscored opponents 1611–93, and claimed four straight SIAA titles.[74]

1915
 
The pennant at the annual banquet for the 1915 team

The 1915 team went 7–0–1 and claimed a shared SIAA title with Vanderbilt, despite being officially independent.[149] The tie came against rival Georgia, in inches of mud.[150] Georgia center John G. Henderson headed a group of three men, one behind the other, with his hands upon the shoulders of the one in front, to counter Heisman's jump shift.[151]

Halfback Everett Strupper joined the team in 1915 and was partially deaf.[152] He called the signals instead of the quarterback.[153] When Strupper tried out for the team, he noticed that the quarterback shouted the signals every time he was to carry the ball. Realizing that the loud signals would be a tip-off to the opposition, Strupper told Heisman: "Coach, those loud signals are absolutely unnecessary. You see when sickness in my kid days brought on this deafness my folks gave me the best instructors obtainable to teach me lip-reading." Heisman recalled how Strupper overcame his deafness: "He couldn't hear anything but a regular shout, but he could read your lips like a flash. No lad who ever stepped on a football field had keener eyes than Everett had. The enemy found this out the minute he began looking for openings through which to run the ball."[154]

Fielder and guard Bob Lang made the composite All-Southern team, and Senter, quarterback Froggie Morrison, and Strupper were selected All-Southern by some writer.[155] The team was immediately dubbed the greatest in Georgia Tech's history up to that point.[149][156] However, the team continued to improve over the next two seasons. Sportswriter Morgan Blake called Strupper, "probably the greatest running half-back the South has known."[157]

1916
 
The 1916 scoreboard, showing football's worst blowout

The 1916 team went 8–0–1, captured the team's first official SIAA title, and was the first to vault Georgia Tech football to national prominence.[143] According to one writer, it "seemed to personify Heisman" by playing hard in every game on both offense and defense.[158] Strupper, Lang, fullback Tommy Spence, tackle Walker Carpenter, and center Pup Phillips were all selected All-Southern.[159] Only one newspaper in all of the South was said to have neglected to have Strupper on its All-Southern team.[160] Phillips was the first Georgia Tech center selected All-Southern, and made Walter Camp's third-team All-American.[161] Spence got Camp's honorable mention.[162]

Without throwing a single forward pass, Georgia Tech defeated the Cumberland College Bulldogs, 222–0, in the most one-sided college football game ever played. Strupper led the scoring with six touchdowns.[163] Sportswriter Grantland Rice wrote, "Cumberland's greatest individual play of the game occurred when fullback Allen circled right end for a 6-yard loss."[164]

Up 126–0 at halftime, Heisman reportedly told his players, "You're doing all right, team, we're ahead, but you just can't tell what those Cumberland players have up their sleeves. They may spring a surprise. Be alert, men! Hit 'em clean, but hit 'em hard!"[164][163] However, even Heisman relented, and shortened the quarters in the second half to 12 minutes each instead of 15.[163]

 
Heisman, circa 1917, in front of Clemson's Bowman Field

Heisman's running up the score against his outmanned opponent was motivated by revenge against Cumberland's baseball team, for running up the score against Georgia Tech 22–0 with a team primarily composed of professional Nashville Vols players,[165][166] and against the sportswriters who he felt were too focused on numbers, such as those who picked Vanderbilt as champion the previous season.[167]

1917

In 1917, the backfield of Joe Guyon, Al Hill, Judy Harlan, and Strupper helped propel Heisman to his finest success. Georgia Tech posted a 9–0 record and a national championship, the first for a Southern team.[168] For many years, it was considered the finest team the South ever produced.[169] Sportswriter Frank G. Menke selected Strupper and team captain Carpenter for his All-America team; the first two players from the Deep South ever selected first-team All-American.[170]

Joe Guyon was a Chippewa Indian, who had transferred from Carlisle, and whose brother Charles "Wahoo" Guyon was Heisman's assistant coach on the team.[171] Judy Harlan said about Guyon, "Once in a while the Indian would come out in Joe, such as the nights Heisman gave us a white football and had us working out under the lights. That's when Guyon would give out the blood-curdling war whoops."[172] His first carry for Georgia Tech was a 75-yard touchdown against Wake Forest.[173]

 
The 1917 Georgia Tech backfield

The 1917 Georgia Tech team outscored opponents 491–17 and beat Penn 41–0. Historian Bernie McCarty called it "Strupper's finest hour, coming through against powerful Penn in the contest that shocked the East."[174] Pop Warner's undefeated Pittsburgh team beat Penn just 14–6.[175] Georgia Tech's 83–0 victory over Vanderbilt is the worst loss in Vanderbilt history, and the 63–0 defeat of Washington and Lee was the worst loss in W&L history at the time.[171] In the 48–0 defeat of Tulane, each of the four members of the backfield eclipsed 100 yards rushing, and Guyon also passed for two touchdowns.[176] Auburn, the SIAA's second place team, was beaten 68–7.[171]

1918

University faculty succeeded in preventing a postseason national championship game with Pittsburgh.[177] In the next season of 1918, after losing several players to World War I, Georgia Tech lost a lopsided game to Pittsburgh 32–0.[178] Sportswriter Francis J. Powers wrote:

At Forbes Field, the dressing rooms of the two teams were separated only by a thin wall. As the Panthers were sitting around, awaiting Warner's pregame talk, Heisman began to orate in the adjoining room. In his charge to the Tech squad, Heisman became flowery and fiery. He brought the heroes of ancient Greece and the soldier dead in his armor among the ruins of Pompeii. It was terrific and the Panthers sat, spellbound. When Heisman had finished, Warner chortled and quietly said to his players: 'Okay, boys. There's the speech. Now go out and knock them off.'[179]

 
Pitt's Tom Davies ran against Georgia Tech in 1918.

Heisman cut back on his expanded duties in 1918, and only coached football between September 1 and December 15.[102] Georgia Tech went 6–1 and eclipsed 100 points three different times.[180] Buck Flowers, a small back in his first year on the team, had transferred from Davidson a year before, where he had starred in a game against Georgia Tech.[181] Flowers had grown to weigh 150 pounds and was a backup until Heisman discovered his ability as an open-field runner on punt returns.[182]

Also in 1918, center Bum Day became the first player from the South selected for Walter Camp's first-team All-America, historically loaded with college players from Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and other northeastern colleges.[183] Flowers and tackle Bill Fincher made Camp's second team.[184] Guyon made Menke's first team All-America as a tackle.[185]

1919

The 1919 team was beaten by Pittsburgh and Washington and Lee, and in the final game Auburn gave Georgia Tech its first loss to an SIAA school in 5 years (since Auburn in 1914).[186] Flowers, Harlan, Fincher, Phillips, Dummy Lebey, Al Staton, and Shorty Guill were All-Southern.[187] Heisman left Atlanta after the season, and William Alexander was hired as his successor.[188]

Penn and Washington & Jefferson

 
Portrait of Heisman in his mid-fifties at Rice University

Heisman went back to Penn for three seasons from 1920 to 1922. Most notable perhaps is the 9–7 loss to Alabama in 1922, the Crimson Tide's first major intersectional victory.[189] In 1923, Heisman coached the Washington and Jefferson Presidents, which beat the previously undefeated West Virginia Mountaineers.[190]

Rice

Following the season at Washington and Jefferson College, Heisman ended his coaching career with four seasons at Rice. In 1924, after being selected by the Committee on Outdoor Sports, he took over the job as Rice University's first full-time head football coach and athletic director, succeeding Phillip Arbuckle.[191][192] His teams saw little success, and he earned more than any faculty member.[192]

Rice was his last coaching job before he retired in 1927 to lead the Downtown Athletic Club in Manhattan, New York.[193] In 1935, the Downtown Athletic Club began awarding a Downtown Athletic Club trophy for the best football player east of the Mississippi River.[9]

Personal life

Heisman met his first wife, an actress, while he was participating in theater during his time at Clemson.[194] Evelyn McCollum Cox, whose stage name was Evelyn Barksdale, was a widow with a single child, a 12-year-old boy named Carlisle.[195] They married during the 1903 season, on October 24, 1903, a day after Heisman's 34th birthday.[196] While in Atlanta, Heisman also shared the house with the family poodle named Woo. He would feed the dog ice cream.[197]

In 1918, Heisman and his wife divorced, and to prevent any social embarrassment to his former wife, who chose to remain in the city, he left Atlanta after the 1919 football season.[146][194] Carlisle and Heisman would remain close.[87][194]

Heisman met Edith Maora Cole, a student at Buchtel College, where he was coaching football during the 1893 and 1894 seasons.[194] The two were close, but decided not to marry due to Edith's problems with tuberculosis.[194] When they met again in 1924, Heisman was living in Washington, Pennsylvania, and coaching at Washington and Jefferson College. This time, they did decide to marry, doing it that same year, right before Heisman left Pennsylvania to take his last head coaching job at Rice University in Texas.[194]

Heisman as an actor

Heisman considered himself an actor as well as coach, and was a part of several acting troupes in the offseason. He was known for delivering grand theatrical speeches to inspire his players, and some considered him to be an eccentric and melodramatic. He was described as exhibiting "the temperament, panache, and audacity of the showman."[38]

 
Poster for the play David Garrick, produced and acted in by Heisman, Alabama Polytechnic Institute (Auburn) 1897

His 1897 Auburn team finished $700 in debt. To raise money for next season, Heisman created the Alabama Polytechnic Institute (Auburn) Dramatic Club to stage and act as the main character in the comic play David Garrick by Thomas William Robertson.[38][198] George Petrie described the play as "decidedly the most successful event of its kind ever seen in Auburn".[38] A local newspaper, The Opelika Post, reviewed Heisman's performance:

He was naturalness itself, and there was not a single place in which he overdid his part. His changes from drunk to sober and back again in the drunken scene were skillfully done, and the humor of many of his speeches caused a roar of laughter. He acted not like an amateur, but like the skilled professional that he is.[38]

During his time at Auburn, Heisman also took on more serious roles, and was considered as a refined elocutionist when performing Shakespearean plays or reciting his monologues.[38] The next year, the API Dramatic Club performed A Scrap of Paper by Victorien Sardou.[38] In May 1898, Heisman appeared in Diplomacy, an English adaptation of Dora by Sardou, with the Mordaunt-Block Stock Company at the Herald Square Theater on Broadway. Later that summer, he performed in The Ragged Regiment by Robert Neilson Stephens at the Herald Square Theater and Caste at the Columbus Theater in Harlem.[199]

In 1899, he was in the Macdonald Stock Company, which performed at Crump's Park in Macon, Georgia, including the role of Dentatus in Virginius by James Sheridan Knowles. When the Macdonald Stock Company took a hiatus in June 1899, Heisman joined the Thanouser-Hatch Company of Atlanta. He performed in at least two plays for this company, in Brother John by Martha Morton at the Grand Theater in Atlanta, playing the role of Captain Van Sprague.[199]

At the end of Auburn's 1899 season, a public conflict developed between Heisman and umpire W. L. Taylor. Heisman wrote to the Birmingham Age-Herald complaining about Taylor's officiating in general and specifically his cancellation of an Auburn touchdown because the scoring play began before the starting whistle following a time out. In his published reply, Taylor critiqued Heisman as someone with "histrionic gifts," making "lurid appeals," and seeking "peanut gallery applause" for "heroically acted character parts" in some "cheap theater." Heisman responded to that characterization as "The heinous crime I shall neither attempt to palliate nor deny" and that what Taylor said could be a "studied insult to the whole art of acting."[38]

In 1900, Heisman joined the Spooner Dramatic Company of Tampa, Florida. On return from Key West, Heisman got very seasick.[38] By 1901, Heisman joined the Dixie Stock Company, which performed several plays in the Dukate Theater at Biloxi, Mississippi.[200] There, he received his first major romantic lead, Armand in Camille.[38] In 1902, he managed Crump's Park Stock Company.[200] He started the Heisman Dramatic Stock Company while at Clemson in 1903, which spent much of the summer performing at Riverside Park in Asheville, North Carolina.[201] By 1904, Heisman operated the Heisman Stock Company. It performed at the Casino Theater at Pickett Springs Resort in Montgomery, Alabama. Their first performance was William Gillette's Because She Loved Him So. The next summer opened with a performance at the Grand Opera House in Augusta, Georgia. In 1906 and 1907, Heisman again performed in Crump's Park in Macon, as well as the Thunderbolt Casino in Savannah. In 1906, he purchased an Edison kinetograph for his audiences.[202] By 1908, Heisman managed Heisman Theatrical Enterprises.[196]

Death and legacy

 
Heisman statue at Georgia Tech.

Heisman died of pneumonia on October 3, 1936, in New York City.[9] Three days later, his body was taken by train to his wife's hometown of Rhinelander, Wisconsin, where he was buried in Grave D, Lot 11, Block 3 of the city-owned Forest Home Cemetery.[203][204] When Heisman died, he was preparing to write a history of football.[205]

Legacy

 
A Heisman Trophy

Heisman was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1954, a member of the second class of inductees.[2] Heisman was an innovator and "master strategist".[10] He developed one of the first shifts.[206][207] He was a proponent of the legalization of the forward pass. He had both his guards pull to lead an end run and had his center snap the ball. He invented the hidden ball play, and originated the "hike" or "hep" shouted by the quarterback to start each play. He led the effort to cut the game from halves to quarters. He is credited with the idea of listing downs and yardage on the scoreboard, and of putting his quarterback at safety on defense.[2][208]

On December 10, 1936, just 2 months after Heisman's death on October 3, the Downtown Athletic Club trophy was renamed the Heisman Memorial Trophy, and is now given to the player voted as the season's most outstanding collegiate football player.[9] Voters for this award consist primarily of media representatives, who are allocated by regions across the country to filter out possible regional bias, and former recipients.[9] Following the bankruptcy of the Downtown Athletic Club in 2002, the award is now given out by the Heisman Trust.[209]

Georgia Tech's basketball team played in Heisman Gym which was named in his honor when it opened in 1938. Located behind the north stands of Grant Field, the gym was the home of Tech basketball until 1956, when the team moved into Alexander Memorial Coliseum. The facility also had a pool, which was used by the Tech swim team, and an Auditorium. After the basketball team left, the gym was used for swimming until 1977, and as an auditorium until the Ferst Center For The Arts opened in 1992. The gym was demolished in 1995. Heisman Street on Clemson's campus is named in his honor.[210] Heisman Drive, located directly south of Jordan–Hare Stadium on the Auburn University campus, is named in his honor, as well.[211] A bust of him is also in Jordan–Hare Stadium.[212] A wooden statue of Heisman was placed at the Rhinelander–Oneida County Airport.[213] A bronze statue of him was placed on Akron's campus,[214] and one is located directly north of Bobby Dodd Stadium on the main campus of the Georgia Institute of Technology.[215] Heisman has also been the subject of a musical.[216]

Coaching tree

Heisman's coaching tree includes:

  1. William Alexander: played for Georgia Tech (1911–1912), head coach for Georgia Tech (1920–1944)[188]
  2. Tom Davies: assistant for Penn (1922), head coach for Geneva (1923), Allegheny (1924–1925), Western Reserve (1941–1947).[217]
  3. Frank Dobson: assistant for Georgia Tech (1907), head coach for Georgia (1909), Clemson (1910–1912), Richmond (1913–1917; 1919–1933), South Carolina (1918), and Maryland (1936–1939).[218]
  4. C. K. Fauver, played for Oberlin (1892–1895), head coach for Miami (OH) (1895), Oberlin (1896).[219]
  5. Bill Fincher: played for Georgia Tech (1916–1920), head coach for William & Mary (1921), assistant for Georgia Tech (1925–1931)[220]
  6. Jack Forsythe: played for Clemson (1901–1903), head coach for Florida State College (1904), Florida (1906)[221]
  7. Joe Guyon: played for Georgia Tech (1916–1917), head coach for Union College (1919; 1923–1927)[222]
  8. Jerry Gwin: played for Auburn (1899), head coach for Mississippi A&M (1902).[223]
  9. Mike Harvey: played for Auburn (1899–1900), head coach for Alabama (1901), Auburn (1902), and Mississippi (1903–1904).[224]
  10. Daniel S. Martin: played for Auburn (1898–1901), head coach for Mississippi (1902) and Mississippi A&M (1903–1906).[223]
  11. Jonathan K. Miller: played for Penn (1920–1922), head coach for Franklin & Marshall (1928–1930).[225]
  12. John Penton, played for Auburn (1897): head coach for Clemson (1898).[39]
  13. Pup Phillips: played for Georgia Tech (1916–1917; 1919), head coach for University School for Boys (1923)[226]
  14. Hope Sadler: played for Clemson (1902–1903), head coach for University School for Boys (1904).[227]
  15. Vedder Sitton: played for Clemson (1901–1903), head baseball coach for Clemson (1915–1916).[73]
  16. Billy Watkins, who replaced Heisman at Auburn (1900), "an old pupil of Heisman's".[228]
  17. Carl S. Williams: played for Oberlin (1891–1892) and Penn (1893–1895), head coach for Penn (1902–1907).[229]

Head coaching record

 
Plaque recognizing Heisman's football accomplishments at Tech

Football

Year Team Overall Conference Standing
Oberlin Yeomen (Independent) (1892)
1892 Oberlin 7–0
Buchtel (Independent) (1893–1894)
1893 Buchtel 5–2
1894 Buchtel 1–0
Buchtel: 6–2 (.750)
Oberlin Yeomen (Independent) (1894)
1894 Oberlin 4–3–1
Oberlin: 11–3–1 (.767)
Auburn Tigers (Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1895–1899)
1895 Auburn 2–1 2–1 3rd
1896 Auburn 3–1 3–1 4th
1897 Auburn 2–0–1 2–0–1 3rd
1898 Auburn 2–1 2–1 4th
1899 Auburn 3–1–1 2–1–1 6th
Auburn: 12–4–2 (.722) 11–4–2
Clemson Tigers (Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1900–1903)
1900 Clemson 6–0 2–0 1st
1901 Clemson 3–1–1 2–0–1 2nd
1902 Clemson 6–1 5–0 1st
1903 Clemson 4–1–1 2–0–1 T–1st
Clemson: 19–3–2 (.833) 11–0–2
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets (Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1904–1913)
1904 Georgia Tech 8–1–1 2–1–1 6th
1905 Georgia Tech 6–0–1 4–0–1 2nd
1906 Georgia Tech 5–3–1 3–3 8th
1907 Georgia Tech 4–4 2–4 10th
1908 Georgia Tech 6–3 5–3 6th
1909 Georgia Tech 7–2 5–2 5th
1910 Georgia Tech 5–3 3–3 11th
1911 Georgia Tech 6–2–1 5–2–1 5th
1912 Georgia Tech 5–3–1 5–3 5th
1913 Georgia Tech 7–2 5–2 4th
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets (Independent) (1914–1915)
1914 Georgia Tech 6–2
1915 Georgia Tech 7–0–1 T–1st†
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets / Golden Tornado (Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1916–1919)
1916 Georgia Tech 8–0–1 4–0–1 T–1st
1917 Georgia Tech 9–0 4–0 1st
1918 Georgia Tech 6–1 3–0 1st
1919 Georgia Tech 7–3 3–1 4th
Georgia Tech: 102–29–7 (.764) 53–24–4
Penn Quakers (Independent) (1920–1922)
1920 Penn 6–4
1921 Penn 4–3–2
1922 Penn 6–3
Penn: 16–10–2 (.607)
Washington & Jefferson Presidents (Independent) (1923)
1923 Washington & Jefferson 6–1–1
Washington & Jefferson: 6–1–1 (.813)
Rice Owls (Southwest Conference / Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1924–1927)
1924 Rice 4–4 2–2 / 2–1 T–3rd / T–3rd
Rice Owls (Southwest Conference) (1925–1927)
1925 Rice 4–4–1 1–2–1 5th
1926 Rice 4–4–1 0–4 7th
1927 Rice 2–6–1 1–3 6th
Rice: 14–18–3 (.443) 6–12–1
Total: 186–70–18 (.712) 83–41–9
      National championship         Conference title         Conference division title or championship game berth

† While officially independent, Georgia Tech claimed an SIAA title in 1915.

Baseball

Statistics overview
Season Team Overall Conference Standing Postseason
Buchtel (Independent) (1894–1894)
1894 Buchtel 8–5
Buchtel: 8–5 (.615)
Clemson Tigers (Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1901–1903)
1901 Clemson 10–2–1 3–1–1
1902 Clemson 9–3 1–2
1903 Clemson 9–1 4–0
Clemson: 28–6–1 (.814) 8–3–1
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets (Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1904–1917)
1904 Georgia Tech 15–7 9–6
1905 Georgia Tech 13–4 7–4
1906 Georgia Tech 23–3 16–2 1st
1907 Georgia Tech 10–5–1 10–5–1
1908 Georgia Tech 9–12 7–10
1909 Georgia Tech 13–8–1 7–7–1
1910 Georgia Tech 11–5–1 11–5–1
1911 Georgia Tech 7–6 6–5
1912 Georgia Tech 8–10 8–9
1913 Georgia Tech 9–8 9–7
1914 Georgia Tech 12–8 10–8
1915 Georgia Tech 7–8–2 6–7–2
1916 Georgia Tech 14–6 11–5
1917 Georgia Tech 12–7 6–6
Georgia Tech: 163–97–5 (.625)
Total: 199–108–7 (.645)

      National champion         Postseason invitational champion  
      Conference regular season champion         Conference regular season and conference tournament champion
      Division regular season champion       Division regular season and conference tournament champion
      Conference tournament champion

Basketball

Statistics overview
Season Team Overall Conference Standing Postseason
Georgia Tech (Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1908–1909)
1908–09 Georgia Tech 1–6 1–5
Georgia Tech: 1–6 (.143) 1–5
Georgia Tech (Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1912–1914)
1912–13 Georgia Tech 2–6 2–6
1913–14 Georgia Tech 6–2 5–2
Georgia Tech: 8–8 (.500) 7–8
Total: 9–14 (.391)

      National champion         Postseason invitational champion  
      Conference regular season champion         Conference regular season and conference tournament champion
      Division regular season champion       Division regular season and conference tournament champion
      Conference tournament champion

Notes

  1. ^ The name John William was later adopted to obscure the fact that he was the son of immigrants. His father was ostensibly the estranged son of German aristocrats.[3][4] His mother's grandfather had been an aide-de-campe to Napoleon.[5]
  2. ^ Former Yale center Pa Corbin described how one used to snap the ball with his foot: "By standing the ball on end and exercising a certain pressure on the same, it was possible to have it bound into the quarterback's hands."[33]
  3. ^ Later in his time at Georgia Tech, his salary went up, but the percentage of receipts went down.[102]
  4. ^ Georgia Tech selected an "All-Heisman Era" team; in the line: Al Staton, Walker Carpenter, Bob Lang, Pup Phillips, Dummy Lebey, Bill Fincher, Jim Senter, and in the backfield: Al Hill, Joe Guyon, Everett Strupper, and Tommy Spence.[113]

References

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  5. ^ Pat Edwards. "Heisman led Jackets to victory". technique.library.gatech.edu. Retrieved January 9, 2017.
  6. ^ a b c d Brandt 2001, pp. 53–54
  7. ^ "The John Heisman Story: 'Father of the forward pass,' Titusville's most noted sports figure". Titusville Herald. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  8. ^ Pope 1955, p. 120
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  10. ^ a b c "Football Master Strategist New Name For Heisman". The Atlanta Constitution. October 13, 1918. p. 3. Retrieved May 4, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.  
  11. ^ a b c d "Heisman's Playing Record". November 29, 1903. p. 11. Retrieved October 8, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.  
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External links

 
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January 07, 2023
john, heisman, john, william, heisman, october, 1869, october, 1936, player, coach, american, football, baseball, basketball, well, sportswriter, actor, served, head, football, coach, oberlin, college, buchtel, college, known, university, akron, auburn, univer. John William Heisman October 23 1869 October 3 1936 was a player and coach of American football baseball and basketball as well as a sportswriter and actor He served as the head football coach at Oberlin College Buchtel College now known as the University of Akron Auburn University Clemson University Georgia Tech the University of Pennsylvania Washington amp Jefferson College and Rice University compiling a career college football record of 186 70 18 John HeismanHeisman at Georgia Tech circa 1918Biographical detailsBorn 1869 10 23 October 23 1869Cleveland OhioDiedOctober 3 1936 1936 10 03 aged 66 New York CityAlma materBrown UniversityUniversity of PennsylvaniaPlaying careerFootball1887 1888Brown1889 1891PennPosition s Center tackle endCoaching career HC unless noted Football1892Oberlin1893 1894Buchtel1894Oberlin1895 1899Auburn1900 1903Clemson1904 1919Georgia Tech1920 1922Penn1923Washington amp Jefferson1924 1927RiceBasketball1908 1909Georgia Tech1912 1914Georgia TechBaseball1894Buchtel1901 1903Clemson1904 1917Georgia TechAdministrative career AD unless noted 1904 1919Georgia Tech1924 1927RiceHead coaching recordOverall186 70 18 football 9 14 basketball 199 108 7 baseball Accomplishments and honorsChampionshipsFootball2 National 1916 1917 7 SIAA 1900 1902 1903 1915 1918 Baseball SIAA 1906 College Football Hall of FameInducted in 1954 profile Heisman was also the head basketball coach at Georgia Tech tallying a mark of 9 14 and the head baseball coach at Buchtel Clemson and Georgia Tech amassing a career college baseball record of 199 108 7 He served as the athletic director at Georgia Tech and Rice While at Georgia Tech he was also the president of the Atlanta Crackers baseball team Sportswriter Fuzzy Woodruff dubbed Heisman the pioneer of Southern football 1 He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1954 His entry there notes that Heisman stands only behind Amos Alonzo Stagg Pop Warner and Walter Camp as a master innovator of the brand of football of his day 2 He was instrumental in several changes to the game including legalizing the forward pass The Heisman Trophy awarded annually to the season s most outstanding college football player is named after him Contents 1 Early life and playing career 2 Coaching career 2 1 Early coaching career Oberlin and Buchtel 2 1 1 1892 2 1 2 1893 2 1 3 1894 2 2 Auburn 2 2 1 1895 2 2 2 1896 2 2 3 1897 2 2 4 1898 2 2 5 1899 2 3 Clemson 2 3 1 Football 2 3 1 1 1900 2 3 1 2 1901 2 3 1 3 1902 2 3 1 4 1903 2 4 Georgia Tech 2 4 1 Baseball and basketball 2 4 2 Football 2 4 2 1 1904 1914 The first decade at Georgia Tech 2 4 2 1 1 Rule changes 2 4 2 1 2 1906 1909 Start of the jump shift 2 4 2 1 3 1910 1914 Relying on the jump shift 2 4 2 2 Four straight SIAA championships 2 4 2 2 1 1915 2 4 2 2 2 1916 2 4 2 2 3 1917 2 4 2 2 4 1918 2 4 2 3 1919 2 5 Penn and Washington amp Jefferson 2 6 Rice 3 Personal life 4 Heisman as an actor 5 Death and legacy 5 1 Legacy 5 1 1 Coaching tree 6 Head coaching record 6 1 Football 6 2 Baseball 6 3 Basketball 7 Notes 8 References 9 Bibliography 10 External linksEarly life and playing career Edit Heisman at Penn 1891 John Heisman was born Johann Wilhelm Heisman n 1 on October 23 1869 in Cleveland Ohio the son of Bavarian German immigrant Johann Michael Heissmann and Sara Lehr Heissman He grew up in northwestern Pennsylvania near Titusville and was salutatorian of his graduating class at Titusville High School 6 His oration at his graduation entitled The Dramatist as Sermonizer was described as full of dramatic emphasis and fire and showed how the masterpieces of Shakespeare depicted the ends of unchecked passion 6 7 Although he was a drama student he confessed he was football mad He played varsity football for Titusville High School from 1884 to 1886 6 Heisman s father refused to watch him play at Titusville calling football bestial 8 Heisman went on to play football as a lineman at Brown University 9 and at the University of Pennsylvania 10 11 12 He also played baseball at Penn 13 On Brown s football team he was a substitute guard in 1887 and a starting tackle in 1888 11 At Penn he was a substitute center in 1889 a substitute center and tackle in 1890 and a starting end in 1891 11 Sportswriter Edwin Pope tells us Heisman was a 158 pound center in constant dread that his immediate teammates guards weighing 212 and 243 would fall on him 14 He had a flat nose due to being struck in the face by a football when he tried to block a kick against Penn State by leap frogging the center 14 Heisman graduated from the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 1892 12 Due to poor eyesight he took his exams orally 15 16 Coaching career EditIn his book Principles of Football Heisman described his coaching strategy The coach should be masterful and commanding even dictatorial He has no time to say please or mister At times he must be severe arbitrary and little short of a czar 17 18 Heisman always used a megaphone at practice 19 He was known for his use of polysyllabic language 9 Heisman s voice was deep his diction perfect his tone biting 14 He was known to repeat this annually at the start of each football season 20 What is this It is a prolate spheroid an elongated sphere in which the outer leather casing is drawn tightly over a somewhat smaller rubber tubing Better to have died as a small boy than to fumble this football Early coaching career Oberlin and Buchtel Edit Heisman first coached at Oberlin College 6 11 In 1892 The Oberlin Review wrote Mr Heisman has entirely remade our football He has taught us scientific football 21 He used the double pass from tackle to halfback 22 and moved his quarterback to the safety position on defense 23 Influenced by Yale and Pudge Heffelfinger Heisman implemented the now illegal flying wedge formation 24 It involved seven players arranged as a V to protect the ball carrier 25 Heisman was also likely influenced by Heffelfinger to pull guards on end runs 26 27 1892 Edit The 1892 Oberlin football team Heisman on the left in the middle row On his 1892 team Heisman s trainer was Clarence Hemingway the father of author Ernest Hemingway 28 and one of his linemen was the first Hawaiian to play college football the future politician John Henry Wise 29 30 The team beat Ohio State twice and considered itself undefeated at the end of the season 29 However the outcome of its game against Michigan is still in dispute Michigan declared it had won the game 26 24 but Oberlin said it won 24 22 The referee an Oberlin substitute player had ruled that time had expired The umpire a Michigan supporter ruled otherwise Michigan s George Jewett who had scored all of his team s points and was the school s first black player then ran for a touchdown with no Oberlin players on the field The Michigan Daily and Detroit Tribune reported that Michigan had won the game while The Oberlin News and The Oberlin Review reported that Oberlin had won 28 1893 Edit In 1893 Heisman became the football and baseball coach at Buchtel College A disappointing baseball season was made up for by a 5 2 football season 31 It was then customary for the center to begin a play by rolling or kicking the ball backwards but this proved difficult for Buchtel s unusually tall quarterback Harry Clark 32 n 2 Under Heisman the center began tossing the ball to Clark a practice that eventually evolved into the snap 34 The first school to officially defeat Heisman was Case School of Applied Science known today as Case Western Reserve 1894 Edit Buchtel won a single game against Ohio State at the Ohio State Fair 35 before Heisman returned to Oberlin in 1894 posting a 4 3 1 record including losses to Michigan and undefeated Penn State 25 36 The Penn State game ended with a fair catch and free kick which resulted in a field goal for Penn State Referees were confused whether teams could kick a field goal or had to punt on a free kick and the game ended 6 4 in favor of Oberlin but Walter Camp over ruled the game officials allowing Penn State its extra free kick and the victory 9 6 37 Auburn Edit Heisman at Auburn After his two years at Oberlin and possibly due to the economic Panic of 1893 Heisman invested his savings and began working at a tomato farm in Marshall Texas 38 It was hard work in the heat and Heisman was losing money 39 40 He was contacted by Walter Riggs then the manager of the Alabama Polytechnic Institute Auburn University football team Auburn was looking for a football coach and Heisman was suggested to Riggs by his former player at Oberlin Penn s then captain Carl S Williams 39 For a salary of 500 he accepted a part time job as a trainer 38 Heisman coached football at Auburn from 1895 to 1899 Auburn s yearbook the Glomerata in 1897 stated Heisman came to us in the fall of 95 and the day on which he arrived at Auburn can well be marked as the luckiest in the history of athletics at the Alabama Polytechnic Institute 41 At Auburn Heisman had the idea for his quarterback to call out hike or hep to start a play and receive the ball from the center or to draw the opposing team into an offside penalty 42 He also used a fake snap to draw the other team offsides 43 He began his use of a type of delayed buck play where an end took a hand off then handed the ball to the halfback on the opposite side who rushed up the middle 42 As a coach Heisman railed and snorted in practice imploring players to do their all for God country Auburn and Heisman Before each game he made squadmen take a nonshirk nonflinch oath 44 Due to his fondness for Shakespeare he would sometimes use a British accent at practice 41 While it was then illegal to coach from the sidelines during a game Heisman would sometimes use secret signals with a bottle or a handkerchief to communicate with his team 38 1895 Edit Auburn vs Georgia in 1895 Heisman s first game as an Auburn coach came against Vanderbilt Heisman had his quarterback Reynolds Tichenor use the hidden ball trick to tie the game at 6 points 45 46 However Vanderbilt answered by kicking a field goal and won 9 6 making it the first game of Southern football decided by a field goal 47 In the rivalry game with Georgia Auburn won 16 6 Georgia coach Pop Warner copied the hidden ball trick and in 1903 his Carlisle team famously used it to defeat Harvard 48 49 Earlier in the 1895 season Heisman witnessed one of the first illegal forward passes when Georgia faced North Carolina in Atlanta Georgia was about to block a punt when UNC s Joel Whitaker tossed the ball out of desperation and George Stephens caught the pass and ran 70 yards for a touchdown 50 51 Georgia coach Pop Warner complained to the referee that the play was illegal but the referee let the play stand because he did not see the pass 51 Later Heisman became one of the main proponents of making the forward pass legal 1896 Edit 1896 Auburn team Heisman standing on the right Lineman Marvin Babe Pearce had transferred to Auburn from Alabama and Reynolds Tichenor was captain of the 1896 Auburn team which beat Georgia Tech 45 0 52 Auburn players greased the train tracks the night before the game Georgia Tech s train did not stop until Loachapoka and the Georgia Tech players had to walk the 5 miles back to Auburn 53 This began a tradition of students parading through the streets in their pajamas known as the Wreck Tech Pajama Parade 54 Auburn finished the season by losing 12 6 to Pop Warner s Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association champion Georgia team which was led by quarterback Richard Von Albade Gammon 55 Auburn received its first national publicity when Heisman was able to convince Harper s Weekly to publish the 1896 team s photo 38 1897 Edit The 1897 Auburn team featured linemen Pearce and John Penton a transfer from Virginia 56 Of its three games one was a scoreless tie against Sewanee from The University of the South in Tennessee 57 Another was a 14 4 defeat of Nashville which featured Bradley Walker 58 Tichenor had transferred to Georgia Gammon moved to fullback and died in the game against Virginia 59 Auburn finished the 1897 football season 700 in debt and in response Heisman took on the role of a theater producer and staged the comedic play David Garrick 60 1898 Edit Having made enough money for another football season the 1898 team won two out of three games with its loss coming against undefeated North Carolina 57 After falling behind 13 4 to Georgia Heisman started using fullback George Mitcham and won the game 18 17 56 61 1899 Edit The 1899 team which Heisman considered his best while at Auburn 56 was led by fullback Arthur Feagin and ran an early version of the hurry up offense As Heisman recalled I do not think I have ever seen so fast a team as that was 62 Auburn was leading Georgia by a score of 11 6 when the game was called due to darkness lighting not being available at that time resulting in an official scoreless tie 63 Heisman fitted his linemen with straps and handles under their belts so that the other linemen could hold onto them and prevent the opposing team from breaking through the line The umpire W L Taylor had to cut them 38 Auburn lost just one game 11 10 to the Iron Men of Sewanee who shutout all their other opponents 64 A report of the game says Feagin is a player of exceptional ability and runs with such force that some ground belongs to him on every attempt 65 Heisman left Auburn after the 1899 season and wrote a farewell letter with tears in my eyes and tears in my voice tears even in the trembling of my hand 66 You will not feel hard toward me you will forgive me you will not forget me Let me ask to retain your friendship Can a man be associated for five successive seasons with Grand Old Auburn toiling for her befriended by her striving with her and yet not love her 66 Clemson Edit Walter Riggs pictured helped get Heisman hired at Auburn and Clemson Heisman was hired by Clemson University as football and baseball coach He coached at Clemson from 1900 to 1903 and was the first Clemson coach who had experience coaching at another school 67 68 He still has the highest winning percentage in school history in both football and baseball 69 Again Walter Riggs who moved on from Auburn to coach and manage at Clemson was instrumental in the hiring Riggs started an association to help pay Heisman s salary which was 1 800 per year and raised 415 11 70 Heisman coached baseball from 1901 to 1903 posting a 28 6 1 record 71 Under Heisman pitcher Vedder Sitton was considered one of the best twirlers in the country and one of the best pitchers that Clemson ever had 72 73 Football Edit In his four seasons as Clemson football coach Heisman won three SIAA titles in 1900 1902 and 1903 10 74 By the time of his hiring in 1900 Heisman was the undisputed master of Southern football 75 Heisman later said that his approach at Clemson was radically different from anything on earth 76 77 1900 Edit The 1900 season had the rise of Clemson from a little school whose football teams had never been heard of before to become a football machine of the very first power 78 Clemson finished the season undefeated at 6 0 and beat Davidson on opening day by a 64 0 score then the largest ever made in the South 79 Heisman at Clemson Clemson then beat Wofford 21 0 agreeing that every point scored after the first four touchdowns did not count and South Carolina 51 0 80 81 The team also beat Georgia VPI and Alabama Clemson beat Georgia 39 5 and Clemson players were pelted with coal from the nearby dorms 81 Clemson beat VPI 12 5 The game was called short due to darkness and on VPI was Hall of Famer Hunter Carpenter 81 82 Stars for the Clemson team included captain and tackle Norman Walker end Jim Lynah and halfback Buster Hunter 56 1901 Edit The 1901 Clemson team beat Guilford on opening day 122 0 scoring the most points in Clemson history and the next week it tied Tennessee 6 6 finishing the season at 3 1 1 80 Clemson beat Georgia and lost to VPI 17 11 with Carpenter starring for VPI 83 The season closed with a defeat of North Carolina Lynah later transferred to Cornell and played for Pop Warner 84 1902 Edit Heisman was described as a master of taking advantage of the surprise element 85 The day before the game against Georgia Tech Heisman sent in substitutes to Atlanta who checked into a hotel and partied until dawn The next day the varsity team was well rested and prepared while Georgia Tech was fooled and expected an easy win Clemson won that game 44 5 69 86 In a 28 0 defeat of Furman an oak tree was on the field and Heisman called for a lateral pass using the tree as an extra blocker 87 The 1902 team went 6 1 80 Clemson lost 12 6 to the South Carolina Gamecocks in Columbia for the first time since 1896 when their rivalry began 88 Several fights broke out that day As one writer put it The Carolina fans that week were carrying around a poster with the image of a tiger with a gamecock standing on top of it holding the tiger s tail as if he was steering the tiger Another brawl broke out before both sides agreed to burn the poster in an effort to defuse tensions In the aftermath the rivalry was suspended until 1909 89 90 The last game of the season Clemson beat Tennessee 11 0 in the snow in a game during which Tennessee s Toots Douglas launched a 109 yard punt the field length was 110 yards in those days 91 92 1903 Edit 1903 Clemson football team Heisman in back second from left with glasses The 1903 team went 4 1 1 and opened the season by beating Georgia 29 0 The next week Clemson played Georgia s rival Georgia Tech To inspire Clemson Georgia offered a bushel of apples for every point it scored after the 29th 93 Rushing for 615 yards Clemson beat Georgia Tech 73 0 93 The team then beat North Carolina A amp M lost to North Carolina and beat Davidson 80 After the end of the season a postseason game was scheduled with Cumberland billed as the championship of the South Clemson and Cumberland tied 11 11 94 While both teams can therefore be listed as champion Heisman named Cumberland champion 74 95 In 1902 and 1903 several Clemson players made the All Southern team an all star team of players from the South selected by several writers after the season analogous to All America teams They included ends Vedder Sitton and Hope Sadler quarterback Johnny Maxwell and fullback Jock Hanvey 72 96 Fuzzy Woodruff relates Heisman s role in selecting All Southern teams The first selections that had any pretense of being backed by a judicial consideration were made by W Reynolds Tichenor The next selections were made by John W Heisman who was as good a judge of football men as the country ever produced 97 98 Georgia Tech Edit After the 73 0 defeat by Clemson Georgia Tech approached Heisman and was able to hire him as a coach and an athletic director 99 100 A banner proclaiming Tech Gets Heisman for 1904 was strung across Atlanta s Piedmont Park 101 Heisman was hired for 2 250 a year and 30 of the home ticket sales 102 a 50 raise over his Clemson salary 101 n 3 He coached Georgia Tech for the longest tenure of his career 16 years Baseball and basketball Edit 1907 Georgia Tech baseball team Heisman in center holding megaphone At Georgia Tech Heisman coached baseball and basketball in addition to football 103 The 1906 Georgia Tech baseball team was his best posting a 23 3 record 104 Star players in 1906 included captain and outfielder Chip Robert shortstop Tommy McMillan and pitchers Ed Lafitte and Craig Day 105 106 In 1907 Lafitte posted 19 strikeouts in 10 innings against rival Georgia 107 In 1908 Heisman was also Georgia Tech s first basketball coach 108 For many years after his death from 1938 to 1956 Georgia Tech played basketball in the Heisman Gym 109 In 1904 Heisman was an official in an Atlanta indoor baseball league 110 In 1908 Heisman became the president of the Atlanta Crackers The Cracker Club they called it minor league baseball team The Atlanta Crackers captured the 1909 Southern Association title 111 Heisman also became the athletic director of the Atlanta Athletic Club in 1908 its golf course having been built in 1904 102 112 Football Edit Heisman never had a losing season coaching Georgia Tech football including three undefeated campaigns and a 32 game undefeated streak n 4 At some time during his tenure at Georgia Tech he started the practice of posting downs and yardage on the scoreboard 114 1904 1914 The first decade at Georgia Tech Edit Heisman s first football season at Georgia Tech was an 8 1 1 record the first winning season for Georgia Tech since 1893 the 1901 team was blacklisted 102 One source relates The real feature of the season was the marvelous advance made by the Georgia School of Technology 115 Georgia Tech posted victories over Georgia Tennessee Florida State University of Florida at Lake City and Cumberland and a tie with Heisman s previous employer Clemson The team suffered just one loss to Auburn Tackle Lob Brown and halfback Billy Wilson were selected All Southern 116 The same season Dan McGugin was hired by Vanderbilt and Mike Donahue by Auburn Vanderbilt and Auburn would dominate the SIAA until 1916 when Heisman won his first official title with Georgia Tech 117 118 The 1905 Georgia Tech team the first to be called Yellow Jackets 119 went 6 0 1 and Heisman gained a reputation as a coaching wizard 120 121 Heisman also drew much acclaim as a sportswriter and was regularly published in the sports section of the Atlanta Constitution 122 and later in Collier s Weekly 123 Rule changes Edit After the bloody 1905 football season the Chicago Tribune reported 18 players had been killed and 159 seriously injured United States President Theodore Roosevelt intervened and demanded the rules be reformed to make the sport safer 124 The rules committee then legalized the forward pass for which Heisman was instrumental enlisting the support of Henry L Williams and committee members John Bell and Paul Dashiell 125 126 Heisman believed that a forward pass would improve the game by allowing a more open style of play thus discouraging mass attack tactics and the flying wedge formation 22 127 The rule changes came in 1906 three years after Heisman began actively lobbying for that decision 22 128 Before the 1910 season Heisman convinced the rules committee to change football from a game of two halves to four quarters again for safety 129 Despite lobbying for these rule changes Heisman s teams from 1906 to 1914 continued to post winning records but with multiple losses each season including a loss to Auburn each season but 1906 1906 1909 Start of the jump shift Edit Diagram illustrating Heisman s shift formation The 1906 Georgia Tech team beat Auburn for the first time and in a loss to Sewanee first used Heisman s jump shift offense which became known as the Heisman shift 130 131 In the jump shift all but the center may shift into various formations with a jump before the snap A play started with only the center on the line of scrimmage The backfield would be in a vertical line as if in an I formation with an extra halfback or a giant T After the shift a split second elapsed and then the ball was snapped 132 In one common instance of the jump shift the line shifted to put the center between guard and tackle The three backs nearest the line of scrimmage would shift all to one side and the center snapped it to the tailback 133 The 1907 team played its games at Ponce de Leon Park where the Atlanta Crackers also played 120 The team went 4 4 and suffered Heisman s worst loss at Georgia Tech 54 0 to Vanderbilt 134 Twenty Percent Davis considered 20 of the team s worth 135 was selected All Southern 136 Chip Robert was captain of the 1908 team which went 6 3 including a 44 0 blowout loss to Auburn in which Lew Hardage returned a kickoff 108 yards for a touchdown 120 137 Davis again was All Southern 138 Georgia attacked Georgia Tech s recruitment tactics in football 139 Georgia alumni incited an SIAA investigation claiming that Georgia Tech had created a fraudulent scholarship fund 139 The SIAA ruled in favor of Georgia Tech but the 1908 game was canceled that season due to bad blood between the rivals 139 Davis was captain of the 1909 team which won seven games but was shutout by SIAA champion Sewanee and Auburn 120 1910 1914 Relying on the jump shift Edit Heisman s 1910 team went 5 3 and relied on the jump shift for the first time 120 132 Hall of Famer Bob McWhorter played for the Georgia Bulldogs from 1910 to 1913 and for those seasons Georgia Tech lost to Georgia and Auburn In 1910 Georgia Tech was also beaten by SIAA champion Vanderbilt 22 0 Though Vanderbilt was held scoreless in the first half Ray Morrison starred in the second half and Bradley Walker s officiating was criticized throughout 140 Tackle Pat Patterson was selected All Southern 141 The 1911 team featured future head coach William Alexander as a reserve quarterback 142 143 Pat Patterson was team captain and selected All Southern 120 The team played Alabama to a scoreless tie after which Heisman said he had never seen a player so thoroughly imbued with the true spirit of football as Hargrove Van de Graaff 144 Grant Field circa 1913 The 1912 team opened the season by playing the Army s 11th Cavalry regiment to a scoreless tie The team also lost to Sewanee and quarterback Alf McDonald was selected All Southern 145 The team moved to Grant Field from Ponce de Leon Park by 1913 and lost its first game there to Georgia 14 0 146 The season s toughest win came against Florida 13 3 after Florida was up 3 0 at the half Heisman said his opponents played the best football he had seen a Florida squad play 147 The independent 1914 team was captained by halfback Wooch Fielder and went 6 2 The team beat Mercer 105 0 and the next week had a 13 0 upset loss to Alabama 120 End Jim Senter and halfback J S Patton were selected All Southern 148 Four straight SIAA championships Edit During the span of 1915 to 1918 Georgia Tech posted a 30 1 2 record outscored opponents 1611 93 and claimed four straight SIAA titles 74 1915 Edit The pennant at the annual banquet for the 1915 team The 1915 team went 7 0 1 and claimed a shared SIAA title with Vanderbilt despite being officially independent 149 The tie came against rival Georgia in inches of mud 150 Georgia center John G Henderson headed a group of three men one behind the other with his hands upon the shoulders of the one in front to counter Heisman s jump shift 151 Halfback Everett Strupper joined the team in 1915 and was partially deaf 152 He called the signals instead of the quarterback 153 When Strupper tried out for the team he noticed that the quarterback shouted the signals every time he was to carry the ball Realizing that the loud signals would be a tip off to the opposition Strupper told Heisman Coach those loud signals are absolutely unnecessary You see when sickness in my kid days brought on this deafness my folks gave me the best instructors obtainable to teach me lip reading Heisman recalled how Strupper overcame his deafness He couldn t hear anything but a regular shout but he could read your lips like a flash No lad who ever stepped on a football field had keener eyes than Everett had The enemy found this out the minute he began looking for openings through which to run the ball 154 Fielder and guard Bob Lang made the composite All Southern team and Senter quarterback Froggie Morrison and Strupper were selected All Southern by some writer 155 The team was immediately dubbed the greatest in Georgia Tech s history up to that point 149 156 However the team continued to improve over the next two seasons Sportswriter Morgan Blake called Strupper probably the greatest running half back the South has known 157 1916 Edit The 1916 scoreboard showing football s worst blowout The 1916 team went 8 0 1 captured the team s first official SIAA title and was the first to vault Georgia Tech football to national prominence 143 According to one writer it seemed to personify Heisman by playing hard in every game on both offense and defense 158 Strupper Lang fullback Tommy Spence tackle Walker Carpenter and center Pup Phillips were all selected All Southern 159 Only one newspaper in all of the South was said to have neglected to have Strupper on its All Southern team 160 Phillips was the first Georgia Tech center selected All Southern and made Walter Camp s third team All American 161 Spence got Camp s honorable mention 162 Without throwing a single forward pass Georgia Tech defeated the Cumberland College Bulldogs 222 0 in the most one sided college football game ever played Strupper led the scoring with six touchdowns 163 Sportswriter Grantland Rice wrote Cumberland s greatest individual play of the game occurred when fullback Allen circled right end for a 6 yard loss 164 Up 126 0 at halftime Heisman reportedly told his players You re doing all right team we re ahead but you just can t tell what those Cumberland players have up their sleeves They may spring a surprise Be alert men Hit em clean but hit em hard 164 163 However even Heisman relented and shortened the quarters in the second half to 12 minutes each instead of 15 163 Heisman circa 1917 in front of Clemson s Bowman Field Heisman s running up the score against his outmanned opponent was motivated by revenge against Cumberland s baseball team for running up the score against Georgia Tech 22 0 with a team primarily composed of professional Nashville Vols players 165 166 and against the sportswriters who he felt were too focused on numbers such as those who picked Vanderbilt as champion the previous season 167 1917 Edit In 1917 the backfield of Joe Guyon Al Hill Judy Harlan and Strupper helped propel Heisman to his finest success Georgia Tech posted a 9 0 record and a national championship the first for a Southern team 168 For many years it was considered the finest team the South ever produced 169 Sportswriter Frank G Menke selected Strupper and team captain Carpenter for his All America team the first two players from the Deep South ever selected first team All American 170 Joe Guyon was a Chippewa Indian who had transferred from Carlisle and whose brother Charles Wahoo Guyon was Heisman s assistant coach on the team 171 Judy Harlan said about Guyon Once in a while the Indian would come out in Joe such as the nights Heisman gave us a white football and had us working out under the lights That s when Guyon would give out the blood curdling war whoops 172 His first carry for Georgia Tech was a 75 yard touchdown against Wake Forest 173 The 1917 Georgia Tech backfield The 1917 Georgia Tech team outscored opponents 491 17 and beat Penn 41 0 Historian Bernie McCarty called it Strupper s finest hour coming through against powerful Penn in the contest that shocked the East 174 Pop Warner s undefeated Pittsburgh team beat Penn just 14 6 175 Georgia Tech s 83 0 victory over Vanderbilt is the worst loss in Vanderbilt history and the 63 0 defeat of Washington and Lee was the worst loss in W amp L history at the time 171 In the 48 0 defeat of Tulane each of the four members of the backfield eclipsed 100 yards rushing and Guyon also passed for two touchdowns 176 Auburn the SIAA s second place team was beaten 68 7 171 1918 Edit University faculty succeeded in preventing a postseason national championship game with Pittsburgh 177 In the next season of 1918 after losing several players to World War I Georgia Tech lost a lopsided game to Pittsburgh 32 0 178 Sportswriter Francis J Powers wrote At Forbes Field the dressing rooms of the two teams were separated only by a thin wall As the Panthers were sitting around awaiting Warner s pregame talk Heisman began to orate in the adjoining room In his charge to the Tech squad Heisman became flowery and fiery He brought the heroes of ancient Greece and the soldier dead in his armor among the ruins of Pompeii It was terrific and the Panthers sat spellbound When Heisman had finished Warner chortled and quietly said to his players Okay boys There s the speech Now go out and knock them off 179 Pitt s Tom Davies ran against Georgia Tech in 1918 Heisman cut back on his expanded duties in 1918 and only coached football between September 1 and December 15 102 Georgia Tech went 6 1 and eclipsed 100 points three different times 180 Buck Flowers a small back in his first year on the team had transferred from Davidson a year before where he had starred in a game against Georgia Tech 181 Flowers had grown to weigh 150 pounds and was a backup until Heisman discovered his ability as an open field runner on punt returns 182 Also in 1918 center Bum Day became the first player from the South selected for Walter Camp s first team All America historically loaded with college players from Harvard Yale Princeton and other northeastern colleges 183 Flowers and tackle Bill Fincher made Camp s second team 184 Guyon made Menke s first team All America as a tackle 185 1919 Edit The 1919 team was beaten by Pittsburgh and Washington and Lee and in the final game Auburn gave Georgia Tech its first loss to an SIAA school in 5 years since Auburn in 1914 186 Flowers Harlan Fincher Phillips Dummy Lebey Al Staton and Shorty Guill were All Southern 187 Heisman left Atlanta after the season and William Alexander was hired as his successor 188 Penn and Washington amp Jefferson Edit Portrait of Heisman in his mid fifties at Rice University Heisman went back to Penn for three seasons from 1920 to 1922 Most notable perhaps is the 9 7 loss to Alabama in 1922 the Crimson Tide s first major intersectional victory 189 In 1923 Heisman coached the Washington and Jefferson Presidents which beat the previously undefeated West Virginia Mountaineers 190 Rice Edit Following the season at Washington and Jefferson College Heisman ended his coaching career with four seasons at Rice In 1924 after being selected by the Committee on Outdoor Sports he took over the job as Rice University s first full time head football coach and athletic director succeeding Phillip Arbuckle 191 192 His teams saw little success and he earned more than any faculty member 192 Rice was his last coaching job before he retired in 1927 to lead the Downtown Athletic Club in Manhattan New York 193 In 1935 the Downtown Athletic Club began awarding a Downtown Athletic Club trophy for the best football player east of the Mississippi River 9 Personal life EditHeisman met his first wife an actress while he was participating in theater during his time at Clemson 194 Evelyn McCollum Cox whose stage name was Evelyn Barksdale was a widow with a single child a 12 year old boy named Carlisle 195 They married during the 1903 season on October 24 1903 a day after Heisman s 34th birthday 196 While in Atlanta Heisman also shared the house with the family poodle named Woo He would feed the dog ice cream 197 In 1918 Heisman and his wife divorced and to prevent any social embarrassment to his former wife who chose to remain in the city he left Atlanta after the 1919 football season 146 194 Carlisle and Heisman would remain close 87 194 Heisman met Edith Maora Cole a student at Buchtel College where he was coaching football during the 1893 and 1894 seasons 194 The two were close but decided not to marry due to Edith s problems with tuberculosis 194 When they met again in 1924 Heisman was living in Washington Pennsylvania and coaching at Washington and Jefferson College This time they did decide to marry doing it that same year right before Heisman left Pennsylvania to take his last head coaching job at Rice University in Texas 194 Heisman as an actor EditHeisman considered himself an actor as well as coach and was a part of several acting troupes in the offseason He was known for delivering grand theatrical speeches to inspire his players and some considered him to be an eccentric and melodramatic He was described as exhibiting the temperament panache and audacity of the showman 38 Poster for the play David Garrick produced and acted in by Heisman Alabama Polytechnic Institute Auburn 1897His 1897 Auburn team finished 700 in debt To raise money for next season Heisman created the Alabama Polytechnic Institute Auburn Dramatic Club to stage and act as the main character in the comic play David Garrick by Thomas William Robertson 38 198 George Petrie described the play as decidedly the most successful event of its kind ever seen in Auburn 38 A local newspaper The Opelika Post reviewed Heisman s performance He was naturalness itself and there was not a single place in which he overdid his part His changes from drunk to sober and back again in the drunken scene were skillfully done and the humor of many of his speeches caused a roar of laughter He acted not like an amateur but like the skilled professional that he is 38 During his time at Auburn Heisman also took on more serious roles and was considered as a refined elocutionist when performing Shakespearean plays or reciting his monologues 38 The next year the API Dramatic Club performed A Scrap of Paper by Victorien Sardou 38 In May 1898 Heisman appeared in Diplomacy an English adaptation of Dora by Sardou with the Mordaunt Block Stock Company at the Herald Square Theater on Broadway Later that summer he performed in The Ragged Regiment by Robert Neilson Stephens at the Herald Square Theater and Caste at the Columbus Theater in Harlem 199 In 1899 he was in the Macdonald Stock Company which performed at Crump s Park in Macon Georgia including the role of Dentatus in Virginius by James Sheridan Knowles When the Macdonald Stock Company took a hiatus in June 1899 Heisman joined the Thanouser Hatch Company of Atlanta He performed in at least two plays for this company in Brother John by Martha Morton at the Grand Theater in Atlanta playing the role of Captain Van Sprague 199 At the end of Auburn s 1899 season a public conflict developed between Heisman and umpire W L Taylor Heisman wrote to the Birmingham Age Herald complaining about Taylor s officiating in general and specifically his cancellation of an Auburn touchdown because the scoring play began before the starting whistle following a time out In his published reply Taylor critiqued Heisman as someone with histrionic gifts making lurid appeals and seeking peanut gallery applause for heroically acted character parts in some cheap theater Heisman responded to that characterization as The heinous crime I shall neither attempt to palliate nor deny and that what Taylor said could be a studied insult to the whole art of acting 38 In 1900 Heisman joined the Spooner Dramatic Company of Tampa Florida On return from Key West Heisman got very seasick 38 By 1901 Heisman joined the Dixie Stock Company which performed several plays in the Dukate Theater at Biloxi Mississippi 200 There he received his first major romantic lead Armand in Camille 38 In 1902 he managed Crump s Park Stock Company 200 He started the Heisman Dramatic Stock Company while at Clemson in 1903 which spent much of the summer performing at Riverside Park in Asheville North Carolina 201 By 1904 Heisman operated the Heisman Stock Company It performed at the Casino Theater at Pickett Springs Resort in Montgomery Alabama Their first performance was William Gillette s Because She Loved Him So The next summer opened with a performance at the Grand Opera House in Augusta Georgia In 1906 and 1907 Heisman again performed in Crump s Park in Macon as well as the Thunderbolt Casino in Savannah In 1906 he purchased an Edison kinetograph for his audiences 202 By 1908 Heisman managed Heisman Theatrical Enterprises 196 Death and legacy Edit Heisman statue at Georgia Tech Heisman died of pneumonia on October 3 1936 in New York City 9 Three days later his body was taken by train to his wife s hometown of Rhinelander Wisconsin where he was buried in Grave D Lot 11 Block 3 of the city owned Forest Home Cemetery 203 204 When Heisman died he was preparing to write a history of football 205 Legacy Edit A Heisman Trophy Heisman was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1954 a member of the second class of inductees 2 Heisman was an innovator and master strategist 10 He developed one of the first shifts 206 207 He was a proponent of the legalization of the forward pass He had both his guards pull to lead an end run and had his center snap the ball He invented the hidden ball play and originated the hike or hep shouted by the quarterback to start each play He led the effort to cut the game from halves to quarters He is credited with the idea of listing downs and yardage on the scoreboard and of putting his quarterback at safety on defense 2 208 On December 10 1936 just 2 months after Heisman s death on October 3 the Downtown Athletic Club trophy was renamed the Heisman Memorial Trophy and is now given to the player voted as the season s most outstanding collegiate football player 9 Voters for this award consist primarily of media representatives who are allocated by regions across the country to filter out possible regional bias and former recipients 9 Following the bankruptcy of the Downtown Athletic Club in 2002 the award is now given out by the Heisman Trust 209 Georgia Tech s basketball team played in Heisman Gym which was named in his honor when it opened in 1938 Located behind the north stands of Grant Field the gym was the home of Tech basketball until 1956 when the team moved into Alexander Memorial Coliseum The facility also had a pool which was used by the Tech swim team and an Auditorium After the basketball team left the gym was used for swimming until 1977 and as an auditorium until the Ferst Center For The Arts opened in 1992 The gym was demolished in 1995 Heisman Street on Clemson s campus is named in his honor 210 Heisman Drive located directly south of Jordan Hare Stadium on the Auburn University campus is named in his honor as well 211 A bust of him is also in Jordan Hare Stadium 212 A wooden statue of Heisman was placed at the Rhinelander Oneida County Airport 213 A bronze statue of him was placed on Akron s campus 214 and one is located directly north of Bobby Dodd Stadium on the main campus of the Georgia Institute of Technology 215 Heisman has also been the subject of a musical 216 Coaching tree Edit Heisman s coaching tree includes William Alexander played for Georgia Tech 1911 1912 head coach for Georgia Tech 1920 1944 188 Tom Davies assistant for Penn 1922 head coach for Geneva 1923 Allegheny 1924 1925 Western Reserve 1941 1947 217 Frank Dobson assistant for Georgia Tech 1907 head coach for Georgia 1909 Clemson 1910 1912 Richmond 1913 1917 1919 1933 South Carolina 1918 and Maryland 1936 1939 218 C K Fauver played for Oberlin 1892 1895 head coach for Miami OH 1895 Oberlin 1896 219 Bill Fincher played for Georgia Tech 1916 1920 head coach for William amp Mary 1921 assistant for Georgia Tech 1925 1931 220 Jack Forsythe played for Clemson 1901 1903 head coach for Florida State College 1904 Florida 1906 221 Joe Guyon played for Georgia Tech 1916 1917 head coach for Union College 1919 1923 1927 222 Jerry Gwin played for Auburn 1899 head coach for Mississippi A amp M 1902 223 Mike Harvey played for Auburn 1899 1900 head coach for Alabama 1901 Auburn 1902 and Mississippi 1903 1904 224 Daniel S Martin played for Auburn 1898 1901 head coach for Mississippi 1902 and Mississippi A amp M 1903 1906 223 Jonathan K Miller played for Penn 1920 1922 head coach for Franklin amp Marshall 1928 1930 225 John Penton played for Auburn 1897 head coach for Clemson 1898 39 Pup Phillips played for Georgia Tech 1916 1917 1919 head coach for University School for Boys 1923 226 Hope Sadler played for Clemson 1902 1903 head coach for University School for Boys 1904 227 Vedder Sitton played for Clemson 1901 1903 head baseball coach for Clemson 1915 1916 73 Billy Watkins who replaced Heisman at Auburn 1900 an old pupil of Heisman s 228 Carl S Williams played for Oberlin 1891 1892 and Penn 1893 1895 head coach for Penn 1902 1907 229 Head coaching record Edit Plaque recognizing Heisman s football accomplishments at Tech Football Edit Year Team Overall Conference StandingOberlin Yeomen Independent 1892 1892 Oberlin 7 0Buchtel Independent 1893 1894 1893 Buchtel 5 21894 Buchtel 1 0Buchtel 6 2 750 Oberlin Yeomen Independent 1894 1894 Oberlin 4 3 1Oberlin 11 3 1 767 Auburn Tigers Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association 1895 1899 1895 Auburn 2 1 2 1 3rd1896 Auburn 3 1 3 1 4th1897 Auburn 2 0 1 2 0 1 3rd1898 Auburn 2 1 2 1 4th1899 Auburn 3 1 1 2 1 1 6thAuburn 12 4 2 722 11 4 2Clemson Tigers Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association 1900 1903 1900 Clemson 6 0 2 0 1st1901 Clemson 3 1 1 2 0 1 2nd1902 Clemson 6 1 5 0 1st1903 Clemson 4 1 1 2 0 1 T 1stClemson 19 3 2 833 11 0 2Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association 1904 1913 1904 Georgia Tech 8 1 1 2 1 1 6th1905 Georgia Tech 6 0 1 4 0 1 2nd1906 Georgia Tech 5 3 1 3 3 8th1907 Georgia Tech 4 4 2 4 10th1908 Georgia Tech 6 3 5 3 6th1909 Georgia Tech 7 2 5 2 5th1910 Georgia Tech 5 3 3 3 11th1911 Georgia Tech 6 2 1 5 2 1 5th1912 Georgia Tech 5 3 1 5 3 5th1913 Georgia Tech 7 2 5 2 4thGeorgia Tech Yellow Jackets Independent 1914 1915 1914 Georgia Tech 6 21915 Georgia Tech 7 0 1 T 1st Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets Golden Tornado Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association 1916 1919 1916 Georgia Tech 8 0 1 4 0 1 T 1st1917 Georgia Tech 9 0 4 0 1st1918 Georgia Tech 6 1 3 0 1st1919 Georgia Tech 7 3 3 1 4thGeorgia Tech 102 29 7 764 53 24 4Penn Quakers Independent 1920 1922 1920 Penn 6 41921 Penn 4 3 21922 Penn 6 3Penn 16 10 2 607 Washington amp Jefferson Presidents Independent 1923 1923 Washington amp Jefferson 6 1 1Washington amp Jefferson 6 1 1 813 Rice Owls Southwest Conference Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association 1924 1927 1924 Rice 4 4 2 2 2 1 T 3rd T 3rdRice Owls Southwest Conference 1925 1927 1925 Rice 4 4 1 1 2 1 5th1926 Rice 4 4 1 0 4 7th1927 Rice 2 6 1 1 3 6thRice 14 18 3 443 6 12 1Total 186 70 18 712 83 41 9 National championship Conference title Conference division title or championship game berth While officially independent Georgia Tech claimed an SIAA title in 1915 Baseball Edit Statistics overview Season Team Overall Conference Standing PostseasonBuchtel Independent 1894 1894 1894 Buchtel 8 5Buchtel 8 5 615 Clemson Tigers Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association 1901 1903 1901 Clemson 10 2 1 3 1 11902 Clemson 9 3 1 21903 Clemson 9 1 4 0Clemson 28 6 1 814 8 3 1Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association 1904 1917 1904 Georgia Tech 15 7 9 61905 Georgia Tech 13 4 7 41906 Georgia Tech 23 3 16 2 1st1907 Georgia Tech 10 5 1 10 5 11908 Georgia Tech 9 12 7 101909 Georgia Tech 13 8 1 7 7 11910 Georgia Tech 11 5 1 11 5 11911 Georgia Tech 7 6 6 51912 Georgia Tech 8 10 8 91913 Georgia Tech 9 8 9 71914 Georgia Tech 12 8 10 81915 Georgia Tech 7 8 2 6 7 21916 Georgia Tech 14 6 11 51917 Georgia Tech 12 7 6 6Georgia Tech 163 97 5 625 Total 199 108 7 645 National champion Postseason invitational champion Conference regular season champion Conference regular season and conference tournament champion Division regular season champion Division regular season and conference tournament champion Conference tournament championBasketball Edit Statistics overview Season Team Overall Conference Standing PostseasonGeorgia Tech Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association 1908 1909 1908 09 Georgia Tech 1 6 1 5Georgia Tech 1 6 143 1 5Georgia Tech Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association 1912 1914 1912 13 Georgia Tech 2 6 2 61913 14 Georgia Tech 6 2 5 2Georgia Tech 8 8 500 7 8Total 9 14 391 National champion Postseason invitational champion Conference regular season champion Conference regular season and conference tournament champion Division regular season champion Division regular season and conference tournament champion Conference tournament championNotes Edit The name John William was later adopted to obscure the fact that he was the son of immigrants His father was ostensibly the estranged son of German aristocrats 3 4 His mother s grandfather had been an aide de campe to Napoleon 5 Former Yale center Pa Corbin described how one used to snap the ball with his foot By standing the ball on end and exercising a certain pressure on the same it was possible to have it bound into the quarterback s hands 33 Later in his time at Georgia Tech his salary went up but the percentage of receipts went down 102 Georgia Tech selected an All Heisman Era team in the line Al Staton Walker Carpenter Bob Lang Pup Phillips Dummy Lebey Bill Fincher Jim Senter and in the backfield Al Hill Joe Guyon Everett Strupper and Tommy Spence 113 References Edit Woodruff 1928b p 32 a b c John Heisman National Football Foundation Retrieved October 8 2016 Heisman John William libraries psu edu Archived from the original on January 22 2016 Retrieved October 6 2016 Heisman 2012 pp 3 6 Pat Edwards Heisman led Jackets to victory technique library gatech edu Retrieved January 9 2017 a b c d Brandt 2001 pp 53 54 The John Heisman Story Father of the forward pass Titusville s most noted sports figure Titusville Herald Retrieved January 18 2017 Pope 1955 p 120 a b c d e f Rielly 2009 pp 163 164 a b c Football Master Strategist New Name For Heisman The Atlanta Constitution October 13 1918 p 3 Retrieved May 4 2016 via Newspapers com a b c d Heisman s Playing Record November 29 1903 p 11 Retrieved October 8 2016 via Newspapers com a b John Heisman 1869 1936 Penn Biographies Penn University Archives amp Records Center Retrieved December 24 2013 Buchtel College Alumni Association 1922 p 244 a b c Pope 1955 p 119 Lily Rothman December 12 2014 How the Heisman Trophy Got Its Name time com Retrieved January 2 2018 Heisman 2012 p 42 Pope 1955 p 126 Heisman 1922 p 360 Pope 1955 p 127 Pees Samuel T John Heisman Football Coach Oil History Retrieved November 12 2014 Sawchik Travis December 7 2012 John Heisman The man behind the award and his time at Clemson postandcourier com Retrieved December 24 2017 a b c J W Heisman October 1908 Inventions In Football PDF The Baseball Magazine 1 6 40 42 Heisman 2012 p 228 Jonathan Chait April 16 2010 College Football Bans Wedge Blocking On Kickoffs newrepublic com Retrieved January 1 2018 a b Pope 1955 p 121 Umphlett 1992 p 32 Brandt 2001 p 71 a b Geoffrey Blodgett Winter 1999 The Day Oberlin Beat Michigan Or Did We Oberlin Alumni Magazine Archived from the original on February 29 2012 Retrieved March 7 2012 a b Williams Ronald Jr 2012 To Raise a Voice in Praise The Revivalist Mission of John Henry Wise 1889 1896 PDF Hawaiian Journal of History Hawaiian Historical Society 46 1 35 hdl 10524 33792 Bob Hogue March 5 2015 The First Native Football Player midweek com Retrieved December 24 2017 Buchtel College Alumni Association 1922 p 245 Heisman 2012 pp 64 65 Reed Herbert November 29 1913 Current Athletics Harper s Weekly 58 26 Umphlett 1992 p 37 Buchtel College Alumni Association 1922 p 246 Oberlin College 2008 p 34 Brandt 2001 p 144 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Draughon Ralph Jr Spring 2013 Coach John Heisman on Stage at Auburn Alabama Heritage 28 33 a b c Clemson University 2016b p 168 Heisman 2012 p 77 a b Schafer 2004 p 11 a b Umphlett 1992 p 53 Heisman J W September 4 1904 New Football Rules Concise Complete The Atlanta Constitution p 3 Retrieved October 8 2016 via Newspapers com Pope 1955 p 122 Schafer 2004 p 12 Woodbery 2012 p 102 Gould Alan January 24 1931 Sport Slants Prescott Evening Courier Woodruff 1928a p 41 Feg Murray October 19 1931 How Pop Fooled Harvard The Stanford Daily Vol 80 no 13 Pope 1955 p 116 a b Tar Heels Credited with Throwing First Forward Pass Tar Heel Times tarheeltimes com Archived from the original on December 19 2006 Retrieved July 12 2011 Palmer Michael E November 28 2008 Believe it or not Player was a Tider then a Tiger Ed Hinton December 17 1993 HEISMAN TO SHUG From the arrival of John Heisman in 1895 to the departure of Shug Jordan in 1975 Auburn nurtured a rich football tradition si com David M Granger August 30 2005 WRECK TECH PAJAMA PARADE PEP RALLY SET FOR FRIDAY EVENING www ocm auburn edu Woodruff 1928a p 68 a b c d Brown Calls Vanderbilt 06 Best Eleven South Ever Had Atlanta Constitution February 19 1911 p 52 Retrieved March 8 2015 via Newspapers com a b Auburn University 2009 p 182 J W Heisman February 7 1915 Dixie s Football Hall of Fame The Tennessean p 35 Retrieved May 24 2018 via Newspapers com Woodruff 1928a p 71 Jeffrey Moore June 6 2013 John Heisman from sidelines to center stage The Auburn Plainsman Umphlett 1992 p 55 John Heisman Auburn the first to show what could be done with the hurry up offense The War Eagle Reader Thewareaglereader com Retrieved December 24 2015 With Auburn 11 Points To Georgia s 6 Referee Ends The Fast Contest And Result Is A Draw The Atlanta Constitution November 19 1899 p 5 Retrieved January 14 2018 via Newspapers com Woodruff 1928a pp 98 99 All Southern Football Team Outing Outing Publishing Company 35 533 1900 Retrieved March 5 2015 via Google books a b Correspondence The Orange and Blue Vol 6 no 5 January 17 1900 p 4 Heisman Connection ClemsonTigers com October 9 2015 Archived from the original on June 3 2016 Retrieved December 24 2017 Blackman 2016 p 46 a b Sam Blackman November 11 2014 Heisman s High Jinks Retrieved January 10 2018 Riley 2002 p 33 Clemson University 2016a p 159 a b Amateur Sport The Olympian Magazine 2 383 384 1903 a b Sitton Likely To Coach Clemson Spartanburg Herald Journal January 24 1915 a b c Champions of the South regardless of conference affiliation wisc edu Retrieved January 1 2018 Woodruff 1928a p 110 Blackman 2001 p 7 Haney 2011 p 30 Woodruff 1928a p 103 Yesterday on the Gridiron News and Observer October 23 1900 p 2 Retrieved May 12 2016 via Newspapers com a b c d Clemson University 2016b p 200 a b c Blackman 2001 p 4 The first 115 seasons of football at Virginia Tech Virginia Tech Retrieved March 25 2009 V P I 17 Clemson 11 The Times Library of Virginia November 1 1901 p 2 Retrieved October 15 2017 Sam Blackman July 8 2015 James Lynah A Second Chance ClemsonTigers com Retrieved January 20 2018 Woodruff 1928a p 142 Campbell 1999 p 12 a b Blackman 2016 p 49 Morning Game Was Jonah To Clemson At Columbia Atlanta Constitution October 31 1902 p 2 Retrieved May 3 2016 via Newspapers com Nauright John The South Carolina Clemson Football War of 1902 academia edu Retrieved October 6 2016 Haney 2011 pp 25 27 Heisman 2012 pp 104 105 Prodigious Kick Schenectady Gazette October 10 1934 a b Senn Foster October 17 1987 This Day in Tiger Football Clemson University Football Programs Clemson Vs Duke 81 Umphlett 1992 pp 66 67 Langum 2010 p 95 Woodruff 1928c p 280 Woodruff 1928c p 278 All Southern Eleven of 1903 Powerful and Fleet of Foot Atlanta Constitution November 29 1903 p 11 Retrieved March 5 2015 via Newspapers com Heisman 2012 p 106 Mike Bobinski Bio ramblinwreck com Retrieved July 27 2013 a b Pope 1955 p 123 a b c d e McMath 1985 p 96 Heisman J W March 19 1905 Baseball Prospects In Southern Colleges The Atlanta Constitution p 3 Retrieved October 8 2016 via Newspapers com Georgia Institute of Technology 2010 p 151 Star Baseball Team of Georgia Tech Atlanta Constitution April 29 1906 p 1 Retrieved December 30 2017 via Newspapers com Georgia Tech baseball records Retrieved December 30 2017 Wiggins 2009 p 115 Georgia Institute of Technology 2009 p 207 Kentucky s Heisman Gymnasium Record Bigbluehistory net Archived from the original on October 11 2008 Retrieved November 5 2009 Thorn 2016 p 113 Densa Steve December 7 2006 Heisman had Minor League connection www milb com Retrieved December 24 2017 John W Heisman Noted Coach Dies www nytimes com October 4 1936 Retrieved December 24 2017 Georgia Tech s All Era Teams PDF Georgia Institute of Technology 2007 p 155 Pennington 2009 p 21 On Gridiron In South Atlanta Constitution December 25 1904 p 7 Retrieved March 10 2015 via Newspapers com Football in the South The Official National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Guide 161 1904 Woodruff 1928a p 159 Georgia Tech Football Team of 1904 gatech edu Archived from the original on October 10 2016 Retrieved October 8 2016 Georgia Tech Traditions Buzz a b c d e f g Georgia Institute of Technology 2008 pp 190 191 Coach Heisman Names All Southern Eleven The Atlanta Constitution December 8 1905 p 6 Retrieved October 8 2016 via Newspapers com Coach Heisman To Write On College Baseball The Atlanta Constitution March 18 1905 p 9 Retrieved October 8 2016 via Newspapers com Look Sharp Now Collier s Weekly 18 November 3 1928 Football Year s Death Harvest Chicago Tribune November 26 1905 p 1 Retrieved January 19 2018 via Newspapers com Heisman 2012 p 91 Roberts 2016 p 10 History of the Forward Pass biletnikoffaward com Retrieved December 28 2017 Roberts 2016 p 8 Umphlett 1992 p 106 Heisman 2012 p 156 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Tar Heel December 10 1910 p 4 Retrieved March 10 2015 via Newspapers com Georgia Tech Football Team of 1911 gatech edu Archived from the original on August 11 2016 Retrieved October 5 2016 a b Early Georgia Tech Football PDF College Football Historical Society 14 1 November 2000 Coleman Hargrove Van de Graaff 1893 1938 Historical Commission of Tuscaloosa County How All Southern Team Looks to Coach Ketron The Washington Times December 4 1912 p 13 Retrieved March 3 2015 via Newspapers com a b Tech Timeline 1910s Tech Traditions Georgia Tech Alumni Association Archived from the original on October 16 2007 Retrieved May 21 2007 Whiffs The Atlanta Constitution October 28 1913 p 8 Retrieved July 11 2016 via Newspapers com Spalding s Official Football Guide NCAA 1915 Retrieved March 8 2015 via Google books a b Georgia Tech Claims S I A A Championship The Tennessean November 26 1915 p 8 Retrieved March 27 2016 via Newspapers com Tech Outplayed By Georgia Is Held To Scoreless Tie The Tennessean November 14 1915 p 33 Retrieved May 4 2016 via Newspapers com Alabama vs Tulane PDF November 6 1937 pp 5 11 Everett Strupper Tech Immortal Passes Suddenly Georgia Tech Alumni Magazine 28 4 1950 Ex Tech Great Dies Suddenly Everett Strupper Member of Unbeaten Teams Passes in Atlanta The Anniston Star AP wire story February 5 1950 John Heisman November 9 1923 Heisman Tells Inside Story of Strupper s Play Atlanta Constitution Dick Jemison November 30 1915 Composite All Southern Of Ten Of The Dopesters Atlanta Constitution p 10 Retrieved March 5 2015 via Newspapers com Dick Jemison November 26 1915 Yellow Jackets Earn Tie To Football Championship By Defeating Plainsmen Atlanta Constitution p 9 Retrieved March 2 2016 via Newspapers com Morgan Blake 1919 Foot Ball in the South Spalding s Official Football Guide 57 Heisman 2012 p 144 Curry Cody and Williams Land On Compose All Southern December 4 1916 p 12 Retrieved January 13 2016 via Newspapers com Strupper Given Many Honors Columbus Ledger December 4 1916 Matt Winkeljohn November 7 2009 Page Ear marked For Hall of Fame Three Colgate Men Picked By Camp for All American Team The Syracuse Herald December 26 1916 a b c A Monumental Victory ramblinwreck com October 6 2006 Retrieved May 18 2015 a b Jay Searcy September 16 1990 220 0 the Infamous Cumberland Gap sic chicagotribune com Retrieved May 18 2015 Heisman 2012 p 138 Van Brimmer 2011 p 49 John Heisman Tech Traditions Ramblin Memories Georgia Tech Alumni Association Archived from the original on September 7 2007 Retrieved May 21 2007 Pope 1955 p 125 Woodruff 1928b p 50 Umphlett 1992 p 142 a b c Georgia Tech s Football Juggernaut Greatest of the Gridiron Machines of 1917 PDF New York Times December 16 1917 Retrieved January 16 2018 Umphlett 1992 p 142 McCarty 1988a p 3 McCarty 1988a pp 3 4 1917 Pitt Panthers Schedule and Results sports reference com McCarty 1988b p 15 Woodruff 1928b p 68 Woodruff 1928b p 77 Powers 1969 p 42 1918 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets Schedule and Results sports reference com Retrieved January 1 2018 McCarty 1988a p 4 Buck Flowers He Could Do It All Well Daily Item Sumter S C October 15 1969 p B2 Joe Williams Joe Williams Says El Paso Herald Post p 10 November 12 1935 Retrieved August 20 2014 Camp s All American Football Dean Names Three Teams from Last Season s Records PDF The New York Times December 31 1918 Other All America Selections Spalding s Official Foot Ball Guide 31 1919 Woodruff 1928b p 105 All Southern Elevens Spalding Football Guide Shawnee Mission Kansas NCAA Publishing Service 1920 pp 41 69 27 67 a b Pope 1955 p 8 Kordic 2007 p 9 1923 West Virginia Mountaineers Schedule and Results sports reference com Archived from the original on September 24 2016 Retrieved January 9 2017 J W Heisman New Coach PDF The Thresher Vol 9 no 19 February 19 1924 a b Heisman 2012 p 198 Pennington 2009 p 10 a b c d e f John William Heisman facts information pictures Encyclopedia com articles about John William Heisman www encyclopedia com Retrieved January 18 2017 Heisman 2012 p 111 a b Brandt 2001 p 147 Tech Pet Hall of Fame Georgia Tech Alumni Magazine 90 1 19 2014 says Blog Above Replacement 5 31 13 Cincinnati Reds Auburn theatrical legend John Heisman put on starred in play to save Auburn football www thewareaglereader com a b Heisman 2012 p 113 a b Heisman 2012 p 114 Heisman 2012 p 115 Heisman 2012 p 116 Gravesite Still Draws Visitors Associated Press December 10 1999 Archived from the original on October 18 2007 Retrieved September 23 2007 Wisconsin Hometowns yourhometown org Retrieved September 23 2007 Pope 1955 p 128 Heisman 1922 p 267 Magee 2012 p 256 Pope 1955 p 118 Karl Greenberg September 4 2012 Nissan Re Boots The Heisman House in Dallas mediadaily com Department of English University of South Carolina 1979 p 27 Fulkerson Nicole March 2 2015 Parts of Heisman Drive to be closed until August theplainsman com Retrieved December 25 2017 Bigfork artist sculpts Heisman winners May 10 2011 Man prestigious Heisman trophy named after buried in Rhinelander Chippewa Herald December 10 1999 Retrieved November 16 2015 Terry Rabbitts September 14 2015 Heisman statue unveiled buchtelite com Retrieved January 2 2018 Kelly Caitlin January 20 2015 Offseason Musings Football Pedagogy and the Multimodal Composition Classroom TECHStyle Retrieved October 8 2019 Rafferty John September 13 2002 Heisman a Musical gatech edu Retrieved October 8 2016 Tom Davies Takes Tough Red Cat Job Former Pitt Halfback Succeeds Edwards at Western Reserve Pittsburgh Post Gazette March 8 1941 Former Head Coaches georgiadogs com February 13 2009 Brandt 2001 p 64 Bill Fincher Atlanta Georgian 1927 Ric A Kabat Before the Seminoles Football at Florida State College 1902 1904 Florida Historical Quarterly vol LXX no 1 p 35 July 1991 Coach Guyon Leaves Union Cardinal and Cream April 8 1927 via Union University Archives a b 2012 game notes PDF Alabama Football Bryant Museum bryantmuseum com Franklin amp Marshall University School for Boys ghsfsa org Archived from the original on February 2 2017 Prep School Football Season Was Remarkably Successful Atlanta Constitution November 20 1904 p 5 Retrieved March 10 2015 via Newspapers com Woodruff 1928a p 111 Nicholas Gutowski Penn Football in the 1800s Varsity team history Movement Towards Change and Authority Response 1901 November 12th 25th University of Pennsylvania archives Bibliography EditAuburn University 2009 2009 Auburn Football Media Guide PDF Auburn Alabama Auburn Media Relations Office Blackman Sam 2001 Clemson Where the Tigers Play ISBN 9781582613697 Blackman Sam 2016 If These Walls Could Talk Triumph Books ISBN 9781633196896 via Google Books Brandt Nat 2001 When Oberlin was King of the Gridiron The Heisman Years Kent State University Press ISBN 978 0 87338 684 5 Buchtel College Alumni Association 1922 Fifty Years of Buchtel 1870 1920 Akron O Campbell Jim 1999 John Heisman The Man Not The Trophy PDF College Football Historical Society Newsletter 12 Clemson University 2016 2016 Clemson Baseball Media Guide Clemson Athletics Clemson University 2016 2016 Football Media Guide PDF ClemsonTigers com Clemson Athletics Georgia Institute of Technology 2010 2010 Georgia Tech Baseball Media Guide Georgia Institute of Technology 2009 2009 10 Georgia Tech Men s Basketball Media Guide Georgia Institute of Technology 2008 Records Archived from the original on September 24 2015 Retrieved October 8 2016 Haney Travis 2011 Classic Clashes of the Carolina Clemson Football Rivalry ISBN 9781614233152 Heisman John M 2012 Heisman The Man Behind the Trophy With Mark Schlaback Simon and Schuster ISBN 978 1 4516 8291 5 Heisman John 1922 Principles of Football Kordic Gregory 2007 A Damn Good Yankee Xen Scott and the Rise of the Crimson Tide Bloomington Indiana AuthorHouse ISBN 978 1 4259 6018 6 Retrieved January 1 2014 Langum David J 2010 From Maverick to Mainstream Cumberland School of Law 1847 1997 ISBN 9780820336183 Magee Mary 2012 Red Third Edition Beyond Football The Legacy of Coach Jimmy Red Parker Tate Publishing amp Enterprises ISBN 978 1 62024 962 8 McCarty Bernie February 1988 Georgia Tech s 1917 backfield better than the Four Horsemen Part 1 PDF College Football Historical Society Newsletter 1 3 Archived from the original PDF on March 4 2016 McCarty Bernie May 1988 Georgia Tech s 1917 backfield better than the Four Horsemen Part 2 PDF College Football Historical Society Newsletter 1 4 Archived PDF from the original on March 4 2016 Retrieved June 27 2017 McMath Robert C Ronald H Bayor James E Brittain Lawrence Foster August W Giebelhaus Germaine M Reed 1985 Engineering the New South Georgia Tech 1885 1985 University of Georgia Press ISBN 978 0 8203 0784 8 Oberlin College 2008 2008 Oberlin College Football Media Guide PDF Pennington Bill 2009 The Heisman Great American Stories of the Men Who Won ISBN 9780061746628 Pope Edwin 1955 Football s Greatest Coaches Retrieved March 8 2015 via archive org Powers Francis J 1969 Life Story of Glen S Pop Warner Gridiron s Greatest Strategist Chicago IL The Athletic Institute Rielly Edward J 2009 Football An Encyclopedia of Popular Culture U of Nebraska Press p 163 ISBN 978 0 8032 2630 2 Riley Helene M 2002 Clemson University ISBN 9780738514703 Roberts Jerry 2016 Pass Receiving In Early Pro Football ISBN 9781476622286 Schafer Elizabeth D 2004 Auburn Football Arcadia Publishing ISBN 978 0 7385 1669 1 Thorn John 2016 Baseball A Journal of the Early Game Vol 9 ISBN 9781476621395 Triumph Books 2006 Echoes of Georgia Football The Greatest Stories Ever Told ISBN 9781617490484 Umphlett Wiley Lee 1992 Creating the Big Game John W Heisman and the Invention of American Football Greenwood Publishing Group p 37 ISBN 978 0 313 28404 5 Department of English University of South Carolina 1979 Names In South Carolina Vol 26 Van Brimmer Adam 2011 100 Things Yellow Jackets Fans Should Know and Do Before They Die Chicago Triumph Books ISBN 978 1 61749 703 2 Wiggins Robert 2009 The Federal League of Base Ball Clubs The History of an Outlaw Major League ISBN 9780786438358 Woodbery Evan 2012 100 Things Auburn Fans Should Know and Do Before They Die Triumph Books ISBN 978 1 62368 073 2 Woodruff Fuzzy 1928 A History of Southern Football 1890 1928 Vol 1 Woodruff Fuzzy 1928 A History of Southern Football 1890 1928 Vol 2 Woodruff Fuzzy 1928 A History of Southern Football 1890 1928 Vol 3 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to John Heisman John Heisman at the College Football Hall of Fame John Heisman at the New Georgia Encyclopedia John Heisman at Find a Grave Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title John Heisman amp oldid 1120930924, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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