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Wali (administrative title)

Wāli, Wā'lī or vali (from Arabic: والي Wālī) is an administrative title that was used in the Muslim World (including the Rashidun, Umayyad and Abbasid caliphate's and Ottoman Empire) to designate governors of administrative divisions. It is still in use in some countries influenced by Arab or Muslim culture. The division that a Wāli governs is called Wilayah, or Vilayet (Ottoman Empire).

Mehemet Ali Viceroy of Egypt, by Auguste Couder, 1841.
Rostom (Rustam Khan), Safavid viceroy of Kartli, Georgia.

Algerian term edit

In Algeria, a wāli is the "governor" and administrative head of each of the 58 provinces of the country, and is chosen by the president.

Iranian term edit

In Iran the term is known as Vāli and refers to the governor-general or local lord of an important province. During the Safavid reign 1501-1722 the former rulers of the then subordinated provinces of the Georgian Kartli and Kakheti kingdom, the Kurdish emirate of Ardalan, the chiefs of Lorestān Province and of Khuzestan Province in western Iran were regarded as hereditary governor-generals titled Vāli equal to the Beylerbeylik (Safavid Persia). These "lords of the marches" should protect Iran's western borders against foreign powers. During the Qajar rule 1785-1925 the kingdom of Georgia was lost to Russia and the hereditary lords were replaced by officials of the central power. Mainly these officials came from the group of imperial princes and royal notables and were made Vāli of important provinces. For example, the crown prince bore traditionally the title of Vāli of Azerbaijan (Iran).

Ottoman Empire term edit

"Vali" (translated as "gouverneur-général" in French,[1][note 1] such as in the Ottoman constitution) was the title in the Ottoman Empire of the most common type of Ottoman governor, in charge of a vilayet (in Ottoman Turkish), often a military officer such as a pasha; see Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire. The form used in some parts of the empire was Wali.

Omani Sultanate term edit

The Sultanate of Oman, when it ruled Mombasa, Kenya, appointed a wali for the city known locally as LiWali. The term is still used today to denote settlements of Oman, such as the Wilayat Madha, a settlement which intersects the road between Madam in Sharjah and Hatta in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Many Rulers of the Trucial States (also called Trucial Oman in the past) appointed walis to look after towns on their behalf, including employing slaves for that purpose.

Moroccan term edit

Since 1997 regionalisation reform, a Wāli is the governor of one of the twelve regions of Morocco.

Pakistani term edit

In Pakistan, the rulers of the former princely state of Swat were given the title of Wali.

Philippine term edit

In the Philippines, the term Wa'lī is the name for the titular head of Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, an autonomous region in the large southern island of Mindanao. The Wa'lī have ceremonial functions and powers such as moral guardianship of the territory and convocation and dissolution of its parliament.[4]

Tunisian term edit

In Tunisia, a wāli is the "governor" and administrative head of each of the 24 provinces of the country, and is chosen by the president.

Turkish term edit

In Turkey a Vali is a provincial governor of one of the 81 Turkish provinces. He is nominated by the interior minister and appointed by the president. A Vali supervises the functioning of the state functions such as security and maintenance and oversees also the elected provincial and municipal councils. During the OHAL State of emergency from 1987 to 2002, there existed a so called Super Vali who oversaw the Valis of up to 13 provinces in southeast Anatolia.[5]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Some translations in languages used by ethnic minorities:
    • Armenian: կուսակալ (kusakal; meaning "governor")[1]
    • Bosnian: the expression is adapted to the local idiom and read "valija"
    • Bulgarian: The Bulgarian version of the Ottoman Constitution of 1876 had used "vali", with glaven upravitel (meaning "governor-general") as an explanation.[2]
    • Greek: γενικός διοικήτης (genikos dioikētēs), νομάρχης (nomarchēs, which may mean "nomarch" or "prefect of department") or also "valē",[1] βαλή[3]
    • Ladino: governador de provinsiya[1]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d Strauss, Johann (2010). "A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the Kanun-ı Esasi and Other Official Texts into Minority Languages". In Herzog, Christoph; Malek Sharif (eds.). The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy. Würzburg: Orient-Institut Istanbul. pp. 21–51. (info page on book at Martin Luther University) // CITED: p. 41-43 (PDF p. 43-45/338).
  2. ^ Strauss, Johann (2010). "A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the Kanun-ı Esasi and Other Official Texts into Minority Languages". In Herzog, Christoph; Malek Sharif (eds.). The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy. Würzburg: Orient-Institut Istanbul. pp. 21–51. (info page on book at Martin Luther University) // CITED: p. 48 (PDF p. 50/338).
  3. ^ Strauss, Johann (2010). "A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the Kanun-ı Esasi and Other Official Texts into Minority Languages". In Herzog, Christoph; Malek Sharif (eds.). The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy. Würzburg: Orient-Institut Istanbul. pp. 21–51. (info page on book at Martin Luther University) // CITED: p. 45 (PDF p. 47).
  4. ^ Kabiling, Genalyn (11 September 2014). "PNoy submits draft Bangsamoro law Entity to have 58 exclusive powers; UN, Canada hail move". Manila Bulletin. Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
  5. ^ Jongerden, Joost (2007). The Settlement Issue in Turkey and the Kurds. Brill. pp. 138-141. ISBN 978-90-47-42011-8.
Regnal titles
Preceded by Style of the Egyptian sovereign
1517–1805
Succeeded by

wali, administrative, title, this, article, about, administrative, title, meaning, governor, arabic, islamic, religious, concept, wali, wali, place, afghanistan, shah, wali, district, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, imp. This is an article about an administrative title meaning governor in Arabic For the Islamic religious concept of Wali see Wali For a place in Afghanistan see Shah Wali Kot District This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Wali administrative title news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message Wali Wa li or vali from Arabic والي Wali is an administrative title that was used in the Muslim World including the Rashidun Umayyad and Abbasid caliphate s and Ottoman Empire to designate governors of administrative divisions It is still in use in some countries influenced by Arab or Muslim culture The division that a Wali governs is called Wilayah or Vilayet Ottoman Empire Mehemet Ali Viceroy of Egypt by Auguste Couder 1841 Rostom Rustam Khan Safavid viceroy of Kartli Georgia Contents 1 Algerian term 2 Iranian term 3 Ottoman Empire term 4 Omani Sultanate term 5 Moroccan term 6 Pakistani term 7 Philippine term 8 Tunisian term 9 Turkish term 10 See also 11 Notes 12 ReferencesAlgerian term editIn Algeria a wali is the governor and administrative head of each of the 58 provinces of the country and is chosen by the president Iranian term editIn Iran the term is known as Vali and refers to the governor general or local lord of an important province During the Safavid reign 1501 1722 the former rulers of the then subordinated provinces of the Georgian Kartli and Kakheti kingdom the Kurdish emirate of Ardalan the chiefs of Lorestan Province and of Khuzestan Province in western Iran were regarded as hereditary governor generals titled Vali equal to the Beylerbeylik Safavid Persia These lords of the marches should protect Iran s western borders against foreign powers During the Qajar rule 1785 1925 the kingdom of Georgia was lost to Russia and the hereditary lords were replaced by officials of the central power Mainly these officials came from the group of imperial princes and royal notables and were made Vali of important provinces For example the crown prince bore traditionally the title of Vali of Azerbaijan Iran Ottoman Empire term edit Vali translated as gouverneur general in French 1 note 1 such as in the Ottoman constitution was the title in the Ottoman Empire of the most common type of Ottoman governor in charge of a vilayet in Ottoman Turkish often a military officer such as a pasha see Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire The form used in some parts of the empire was Wali Omani Sultanate term editThe Sultanate of Oman when it ruled Mombasa Kenya appointed a wali for the city known locally as LiWali The term is still used today to denote settlements of Oman such as the Wilayat Madha a settlement which intersects the road between Madam in Sharjah and Hatta in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates UAE Many Rulers of the Trucial States also called Trucial Oman in the past appointed walis to look after towns on their behalf including employing slaves for that purpose Moroccan term editSince 1997 regionalisation reform a Wali is the governor of one of the twelve regions of Morocco Pakistani term editIn Pakistan the rulers of the former princely state of Swat were given the title of Wali Philippine term editSee also Wa li of Bangsamoro In the Philippines the term Wa li is the name for the titular head of Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao an autonomous region in the large southern island of Mindanao The Wa li have ceremonial functions and powers such as moral guardianship of the territory and convocation and dissolution of its parliament 4 Tunisian term editIn Tunisia a wali is the governor and administrative head of each of the 24 provinces of the country and is chosen by the president Turkish term editIn Turkey a Vali is a provincial governor of one of the 81 Turkish provinces He is nominated by the interior minister and appointed by the president A Vali supervises the functioning of the state functions such as security and maintenance and oversees also the elected provincial and municipal councils During the OHAL State of emergency from 1987 to 2002 there existed a so called Super Vali who oversaw the Valis of up to 13 provinces in southeast Anatolia 5 See also editGovernor Governor generalNotes edit Some translations in languages used by ethnic minorities Armenian կուսակալ kusakal meaning governor 1 Bosnian the expression is adapted to the local idiom and read valija Bulgarian The Bulgarian version of the Ottoman Constitution of 1876 had used vali with glaven upravitel meaning governor general as an explanation 2 Greek genikos dioikhths genikos dioiketes nomarxhs nomarches which may mean nomarch or prefect of department or also vale 1 balh 3 Ladino governador de provinsiya 1 References edit a b c d Strauss Johann 2010 A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire Translations of the Kanun i Esasi and Other Official Texts into Minority Languages In Herzog Christoph Malek Sharif eds The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy Wurzburg Orient Institut Istanbul pp 21 51 info page on book at Martin Luther University CITED p 41 43 PDF p 43 45 338 Strauss Johann 2010 A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire Translations of the Kanun i Esasi and Other Official Texts into Minority Languages In Herzog Christoph Malek Sharif eds The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy Wurzburg Orient Institut Istanbul pp 21 51 info page on book at Martin Luther University CITED p 48 PDF p 50 338 Strauss Johann 2010 A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire Translations of the Kanun i Esasi and Other Official Texts into Minority Languages In Herzog Christoph Malek Sharif eds The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy Wurzburg Orient Institut Istanbul pp 21 51 info page on book at Martin Luther University CITED p 45 PDF p 47 Kabiling Genalyn 11 September 2014 PNoy submits draft Bangsamoro law Entity to have 58 exclusive powers UN Canada hail move Manila Bulletin Manila Bulletin Retrieved 2 February 2015 Jongerden Joost 2007 The Settlement Issue in Turkey and the Kurds Brill pp 138 141 ISBN 978 90 47 42011 8 Regnal titlesPreceded bySultan of Egypt Style of the Egyptian sovereign1517 1805 Succeeded byKhedive Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Wali administrative title amp oldid 1185409089, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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