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INS Vikrant (2013)

October 25, 2023

For other ships with the same name, see INS Vikrant (1961).

INS Vikrant (pronounced [vikraːnt̪ə])[19] is an aircraft carrier in service with Indian Navy. The carrier is the first to be built in India and was constructed by the Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) in Kochi, Kerala. The namesake Vikrant is a tribute to India's first aircraft carrier INS Vikrant (1961). Vikrant means "courageous" in Sanskrit.[20] The motto of the ship, "जयेम सं युधिस्पृधः" (Sanskrit), means "I defeat those who fight against me"(English).

INS Vikrant
History
India
NameVikrant
NamesakeVikrant (1961)
OperatorIndian Navy
Ordered2004
BuilderCochin Shipyard Limited
Cost₹23,000 crore (equivalent to ₹260 billion or US$3.2 billion in 2023)[4][5]
Laid down28 February 2009
Launched12 August 2013
Acquired28 July 2022 [1]
Commissioned2 September 2022
IdentificationPennant number: R11
Motto
  • जयेम सं युधिस्पृधः (Sanskrit)
  • "I defeat those who fight against me" (translated)
Nickname(s)IAC-1
StatusIn active service[2][3]
Badge
General characteristics
Displacement
Length262 m (860 ft)
Beam62 m (203 ft)
Height59 m (194 ft)[6]
Draught8.4 m (28 ft)
Depth25.6 m (84 ft)
Decks14
Installed power
PropulsionTwo shafts
Speed30 kn (56 km/h; 35 mph)[16]
Range8,000 nmi (15,000 km; 9,200 mi)[7]
Crew196 officers, 1,449 sailors (including air crew)[12]
Sensors and
processing systems
Electronic warfare
& decoys
Armament
Aircraft carried
Aviation facilities12,500 m2 flight deck[9]

Work on the ship's design began in 1999. The keel was laid in 2009. The carrier was floated out of dry dock in December 2011[21] and launched in August 2013.[22] Basin trials were completed in December 2020,[23] and sea trials started in August 2021.[24] Its commissioning ceremony was held on 2 September 2022.[25] Aircraft flight trials will be completed in 2023.[24][26] The total cost of the project is approximately ₹23,000 crore (equivalent to ₹260 billion or US$3.2 billion in 2023) at the time of first sea trials.[4][5]

Vikrant's air group can consist up to 26 Rafale M fighters[27] and up to 4 Kamov Ka-31,[28] or 2 HAL Dhruv NUH[29] or 4 MH-60R[30] helicopters.[5] It is 262-metre (860 ft) in length, with a top speed of 28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph), and endurance of 7,500 nautical miles (13,900 km; 8,600 mi). The ship has 2,300 compartments manned by 1,700 seamen. It has a hospital complex, cabins for female officers, eight kilometres (5.0 mi) of corridors, and eight generators capable of lighting up a city of 2 million people.[31]

Background Edit

In 1999, Defence Minister George Fernandes authorised the development and construction of an aircraft carrier, INS Vikrant, under the Project 71 Air Defence Ship (ADS).[32] By that time, given the ageing Sea Harrier fleet, the letter of intent called for a carrier that would carry more modern jet fighters. In 2001, Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) released a graphic illustration showing a 32,000-tonne (31,000-long-ton; 35,000-short-ton) STOBAR (Short Take-Off But Arrested Recovery) design with a pronounced ski jump.[citation needed]

The aircraft carrier project received formal government approval in January 2003. By then, design updates called for a 37,500-tonne (36,900-long-ton; 41,300-short-ton) carrier to operate the Mikoyan MiG-29K. India opted for a three-carrier fleet consisting of one carrier battle group stationed on each seaboard, and a third carrier held in reserve, in order to continuously protect both its flanks, to protect economic interests and mercantile traffic, and to provide humanitarian platforms in times of disasters, since a carrier can provide a self-generating supply of fresh water, medical assistance or engineering expertise to populations in need for assistance.[33]

In August 2006, Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral Arun Prakash stated that the designation for the vessel had been changed from Air Defence Ship (ADS) to Indigenous Aircraft Carrier (IAC). The euphemistic ADS had been adopted in planning stages to ward off concerns about a naval build-up.[citation needed] Final revisions to the design increased the displacement of the carrier from 37,500 tons to over 45,000 tons. The length of the ship increased from 252 metres (827 ft) to 262 metres (860 ft).[34]

Design Edit

 
A schematic diagram of INS Vikrant

INS Vikrant is 262 metres (860 ft) long and 62 metres (203 ft) wide, and displaces about 45,000 tonnes (44,000 long tons; 50,000 short tons).[35] It features a STOBAR configuration.[36] It can carry an air group of up to thirty-six aircraft,[37] including 26 fixed-wing combat aircraft,[38] and a mix of Dhruv MK-III, Sikorsky MH-60R and Kamov Ka-31 helicopters. The Ka-31 will fulfil the airborne early warning (AEW) role, MH-60R will provide anti-surface and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capabilities,[39] and Dhruv will be used mainly for search and rescue operations.[40]

Vikrant is powered by four General Electric LM2500+ gas turbines on two shafts, generating over 80 megawatts (110,000 hp) of power. The gearboxes for the carriers were designed and supplied by Elecon Engineering.[21][41][42]

The ship's combat management system (CMS) was developed by Tata Advanced Systems.[43] It is the first CMS developed by a private company for the Indian Navy and was handed over to the Navy on 28 March 2019.[44][45]

Carrier air group Edit

The maiden landing of a MiG-29K onboard INS Vikrant (R11)

Earlier, the Indian Navy considered fielding MiG-29K,[46] and LCA Navy on Vikrant.[47] At the same time, in 2009, the then navy Chief Admiral Nirmal Kumar Verma hinted that the Navy was carrying out a concept study for a more capable naval fighter,[47] which turned out to be the HAL TEDBF, unveiled at 2021 Aero India airshow.[48] In June 2012, Flight Global reported that the Indian Navy was considering the purchase of Dassault Rafale M (Naval variant) for Vikrant.[49] The Rafale was by then declared the winner of IAF's MMRCA competition.[50]

In 2016, the Navy announced that the Tejas was overweight for carrier operations, and other alternatives would be looked at.[51][52] In 2017, a request for proposal was issued for 57 "Multi-Role Carrier Borne Fighters",[53] which was later cut down to 26 fighters act as a stop gap measure until the TEDBF is developed.[54] In December 2020, Boeing Defense, Space & Security, in coordination with the United States Navy, demonstrated F/A-18E/F Super hornet's capability to operate from STOBAR carrier.[55][56][57]

 
HAL Dhruv onboard Vikrant during sea trials

In 2022, the Indian Navy began testing the Rafale M and Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet at a shore-based test facility at INS Hansa in Goa.[58][59][60][61] The Navy started the fixed wing aviation trials with Tejas Naval variant. This to be followed by MiG-29K trials.[62]

On 6 February 2023, two arrested landings were made by MiG-29Ks, and also by a HAL Tejas (Naval Variant).[63]

Ultimately, the Indian military chose the Rafale M from France for compatibility with its logistics system.[64] During his visit on 14 July 2023, PM Narendra Modi will be the guest of honor at the Bastille Day parade in France, during which India is expected to announce the purchase of 24 to 30 Rafale fighter jets.[65][66] The Indian government announced the selection of the naval variant of Rafale jets to equip the Indian Navy with the latest-generation fighter, Dassault Aviation said on July 15.[11]

The prototype of the TEDBF is to be readied by 2026 and its production is to begin by 2032. Naval Tejas being a technology demonstrator development of niche technology for deck based fighter operations, paving the way for TEDBF.[54]

Construction Edit

IAC-1 on its maiden sea voyage.

Vikrant is the first aircraft carrier to be designed by the Warship Design Bureau (formerly Directorate of Naval Design) of the Indian Navy and the first warship to be built by Cochin Shipyard. Its construction involved participation of a large number of private and public firms.

The Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory (DMRL) and Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) created facilities to manufacture the DMR 249 grade steel in India.[21][67] Reportedly, 26,000 tonnes (26,000 long tons; 29,000 short tons) of three types of special steel for the hull, flight deck and floor compartments were manufactured at the Bokaro Steel Plant, Jharkhand, Bhilai Steel Plant, Chhattisgarh and Rourkela Steel Plant, Odisha. Due to this, Vikrant is the first ship of the Indian Navy to be built completely using domestically produced steel.[68]

The main switch board, steering gear and water tight hatches have been manufactured by Larsen & Toubro in Mumbai and Talegaon; high-capacity air conditioning and refrigeration systems have been manufactured in Kirloskar Group's plants in Pune; most pumps have been supplied by Best and Crompton; Bharat Heavy Electricals (BHEL) supplied the Integrated Platform Management System (IPMS), which is being installed by Avio, an Italian company; the gear box was supplied by Elecon Engineering; and the electrical cables are being supplied by Nicco Industries.[69] Fincantieri provided consultancy for the propulsion package while Russia's Nevskoye Design Bureau designed the aviation complex.[70]

The keel for Vikrant was laid by Defence Minister A.K. Antony at the Cochin Shipyard on 28 February 2009.[71][72] The ship uses modular construction, with 874 blocks joined for the hull. By the time the keel was laid, 423 blocks weighing over 8,000 tons had been completed.[73] In August 2011, the Defence Ministry reported to the Lok Sabha that 75% of the construction work for the hull of the lead carrier had been completed and the carrier would be first launched in December 2011, following which further works would be completed until commissioning.[74][75] On 29 December 2011, the completed hull of the carrier was first floated out of its dry dock at CSL, with its displacement at over 14,000 tonnes (14,000 long tons; 15,000 short tons).[41] Interior works and fittings on the hull would be carried out until the second half of 2012, when it would again be dry-docked for integration with its propulsion and power generation systems.[7][21] By late 2012, work commenced for the next stage of construction, which included the installation of the integrated propulsion system, the superstructure, the upper decks, the cabling, sensors and weapons.[76]

Launch Edit

 
INS Vikrant during its launch in August 2013

In July 2013, Defence Minister Antony announced that Vikrant would be launched on 12 August at the Cochin Shipyard. The ship was launched by his wife, Elizabeth Antony, on 12 August 2013.[77]

According to Admiral Robin Dhowan, about 83% of the fabrication work and 75% of the construction work had been completed at the time of launching. He said that 90% of the body work of the aircraft carrier had been designed and made in India, about 50% of the propulsion system, and about 30% of its weaponry. He also said that the ship would be equipped with a long range missile system with multi-function radar and a close-in weapon system (CIWS).[78] After the launch, Vikrant would be re-docked for the second phase of construction, in which the ship would be fitted with various weapons and sensors, and the propulsion system, flight deck and the aircraft complex would be integrated.[69]

Undocking and fitting-out Edit

 
INS Vikrant during its undocking in June 2015

Vikrant was undocked on 10 June 2015 after the completion of structural work. Cabling, piping, heat and ventilation works were scheduled to be completed by 2017 with sea trials to begin thereafter.[79] By October 2015, the construction of the hull was close to 98 percent complete, with flight deck construction underway.[80] The installation of machinery, piping and the propeller shafts was in progress by January 2016; it was reported, however, that there were delays in the delivery of equipment from Russia for the carrier's aviation complex.[81] By May 2017, the carrier's fitting-out was 62% complete, with trials of the auxiliary systems scheduled by late 2017.[12]

In February 2020, all major structural and outfitting work was declared complete.[82]

Harbour and sea trials Edit

 
Basin trials of the aircraft carrier.

On 31 October 2019, Cochin Shipyard received a ₹30 billion (equivalent to ₹37 billion or US$470 million in 2023) contract for the Phase-III of the project.[83] This contract included funds for the harbour trials, sea trials and support for the ship during its weapons and aviation trials after its delivery.[84] In December 2019, it was reported the engines had been switched on.[85] By September 2020, Vikrant had completed harbour trials while the basin trials started from October 2020 to check propulsion, electric transmission and shafting systems.[86] On 30 November 2020, the basin trials were completed, paving the way for sea trials, the final phase of the IAC-I project.[87][88]

 
A Westland WS-61 Sea King approaches Vikrant while on sea trials

In April 2021, it was reported work had begun to integrate the long-range surface-to-air missile (LRSAM) onboard Vikrant.[89][90][91] On 15 June 2021, Vikrant was moved to the Ernakulam Wharf in Kochi, Kerala.[92] On 4 August 2021, sea trials finally began.[93] The first phase of the sea trials was successfully completed on 8 August 2021.[94] The second phase of the trials was conducted on 24 October 2021,[95] followed by the third phase from 9–17 January 2022,[96][97][98] both of which were completed successfully.[99] On 10 July, the fourth and final phase of the sea trials was successfully completed. This phase involved integrated trials of most of the equipment and systems aboard Vikrant, including portions of the Aviation Facilities Complex.[100] On 26 May 2023 Indian built Mikoyan MiG-29K successfully landed on its deck during night sea trials lauding praise from defense ministry for Navy's dependence on Atmanirbhar Bharat.[101]

Completion and commissioning Edit

 
Prime Minister Narendra Modi commissioned INS Vikrant on 2 September 2022 in Kochi, Kerala.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi commissioned INS Vikrant on 2 September 2022 in a grand ceremony at Cochin Shipyard.[25][102] Earlier, INS Vikrant was delivered to the Indian Navy on 28 July 2022.[2] Flight trials of its aircraft complement are expected to be completed by mid-2023, after which the ship will be fully operational.[24] In March 2020, it was revealed that after its commissioning, the Navy will deploy Vikrant at Larsen & Toubro's shipyard in Kattupalli near Chennai. This was done as the planned naval base in Rambilli near Vishakhapatnam was not ready yet.[103]

The Navy wants to lease a 260 m berth at Kattupalli shipyard for 8 years between 2022 and 2030 for interim berthing of the ship, by which time the naval base at Rambilli is expected to be available.[104] On 6 February 2023, the naval variant of the Tejas became the first fixed wing fighter to launch from and recover to Vikrant.[105] On 22 March 2023, the Vice Chief of Navy Staff, Vice Admiral SN Ghormade, returned the bell originally placed on the previous Vikrant to Commodore Vidhyadhar Harke, the new ship's first commanding officer. In 1997, the bell of the decommissioned namesake ship was placed at the residence of Indian Navy Vice Chief, 5 Motilal Nehru Marg, New Delhi.[106]

LCA Tejas maiden landing onboard INS Vikrant (R11)

Commanding officers Edit

Name Took command Left command Notes
Captain Vidhyadhar Harke VSM 7 May 2021 Present First CO of Vikrant.[107]

Project delays Edit

The IAC project experienced numerous delays. The construction plan originally called for the carrier to be launched in 2010, when it would displace some 20,000 tonnes (20,000 long tons; 22,000 short tons), as a larger displacement could not be accommodated in the building bay. It was planned that after about a year's development in the refit dock, the carrier would be launched when all the major components, including underwater systems, would be in place. Outfitting would then be carried out after launch. Vikrant was intended to be delivered in December 2010[108] and commissioned in 2016. As per the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS), sea trials were initially planned to commence in 2013, with the ship to be commissioned in 2014.[109][110] This was later postponed, with sea trials to begin in 2017 and commissioning planned for 2018.[111]

In March 2011, it was reported that the project had been affected by the delay in the delivery of the main gearboxes for the carrier. The supplier, Elecon, attributed it to having to work around a number of technical complexities due to the length of the propulsion shafts.[112] Other issues resulting in delays included an accident with a diesel generator and an issue with its alignment.[113] In July 2012, The Times of India reported that construction of Vikrant had been delayed by three years, and the ship would be ready for commissioning by 2018.[114] Later, in November 2012, Indian English-language news channel NDTV reported that the cost of the aircraft carrier had increased and the delivery has been delayed by at least five years and is expected to be with the Indian Navy only after 2018 as against the scheduled date of delivery of 2014.[115]

In July 2016, the Comptroller & Auditor General (CAG) published a 2014 project plan, supplied by the Cochin Shipyard, that showed an expected completion date in 2023,[108] though the Navy hoped to partially commission the ship before this date.[116] In December 2017, the Chief of Naval Staff Admiral Sunil Lanba announced that the ship was expected to commence sea trials and be commissioned in 2020.[111][117] In January 2018, Commodore J Chowdhary, the principal director of naval design, announced the remaining procurement delays stalling Vikrant's construction had been resolved, and that the carrier would be completed and delivered by December 2018; it would then undergo two years of sea trials before its then-expected commissioning in October 2020.[118]

During the December 2019 Navy Day press briefing, Chief of Naval Staff Admiral Karambir Singh said Vikrant would be fully operational before the end of 2022.[119] A part of the blame for the delay in delivery of Vikrant was attributed to the delay in the supply of aviation equipment from Russia. In response to a question in the Rajya Sabha, Sripad Naik, the Minister of State for Defence, stated: "Ship's targeted delivery was affected due to delay in supply of aviation equipment from Russia".[120] The Navy expected to commission Vikrant by the end of 2021,[86] with an April 2021 report by the Hindustan Times claiming Vikrant, along with the stealth guided missile destroyer INS Visakhapatnam, would be delivered to the Indian Navy by the end of 2021.[121][122] Other construction and procurement delays initially delayed the warship's sea trials to April 2020 from their originally scheduled date of 12 March 2020. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, trials were further postponed to late 2020,[119] but ultimately began in August 2021. The carrier was commissioned on 2 September 2022.[123][124][125]

Gallery Edit

  •  

    Vikrant with Vikramaditya during joint carrier operations.

  •  

    Vikrant with Vikramaditya during an exercise with carrier battle group.

  •  

    Vikrant with Vikramaditya with two Kolkata-class destroyer and a Talwar-class frigate.

  •  

    Vikrant with Vikramaditya performing a manoeuvre.

  •  

    Vikrant getting refuelled by Deepak.

  •  

    Vikrant with Kolkata during sea trials.

  •  

    Vikrant during its sea trials.

  •  

    Vikrant during its maiden sea trials.

See also Edit

References Edit

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External links Edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to INS Vikrant (ship, 2013).
  • Delay in equipment from Russia affected the delivery schedule of INS Vikrant
  • Making of Indigenous Aircraft Carrier, Transition to Guardianship: The Indian Navy 1991-2000, Vice Adm (Retd) G M Hiranandani

October 25, 2023
vikrant, 2013, other, ships, with, same, name, vikrant, 1961, vikrant, pronounced, vikraːnt, aircraft, carrier, service, with, indian, navy, carrier, first, built, india, constructed, cochin, shipyard, limited, kochi, kerala, namesake, vikrant, tribute, india,. For other ships with the same name see INS Vikrant 1961 INS Vikrant pronounced vikraːnt e 19 is an aircraft carrier in service with Indian Navy The carrier is the first to be built in India and was constructed by the Cochin Shipyard Limited CSL in Kochi Kerala The namesake Vikrant is a tribute to India s first aircraft carrier INS Vikrant 1961 Vikrant means courageous in Sanskrit 20 The motto of the ship जय म स य ध स प ध Sanskrit means I defeat those who fight against me English INS VikrantHistoryIndiaNameVikrantNamesakeVikrant 1961 OperatorIndian NavyOrdered2004BuilderCochin Shipyard LimitedCost 23 000 crore equivalent to 260 billion or US 3 2 billion in 2023 4 5 Laid down28 February 2009Launched12 August 2013Acquired28 July 2022 1 Commissioned2 September 2022IdentificationPennant number R11Mottoजय म स य ध स प ध Sanskrit I defeat those who fight against me translated Nickname s IAC 1StatusIn active service 2 3 BadgeGeneral characteristicsDisplacement45 000 tonnes of loaded displacement 8 45 000 tonnes 44 000 long tons 50 000 short tons standardLength262 m 860 ft Beam62 m 203 ft Height59 m 194 ft 6 Draught8 4 m 28 ft Depth25 6 m 84 ft Decks14Installed power4 General Electric LM2500 Gas Turbine 88 MW 2 Elecon COGAG Gearbox 18 PropulsionTwo shaftsSpeed30 kn 56 km h 35 mph 16 Range8 000 nmi 15 000 km 9 200 mi 7 Crew196 officers 1 449 sailors including air crew 12 Sensors and processing systemsElta EL M 2248 MF STAR AESA multifunction radar Selex RAN 40L 3D L Band Air Surveillance Radar 13 Electronic warfare amp decoysDRDO Shakti EW suite 16 Kavach anti missile system 17 Maareech Advanced Torpedo Defence System 17 Armament32 cell VLS Barak 8 SAM Range 0 5 km 0 31 mi to 100 km 62 mi 4 Otobreda 76 mm 3 in dual purpose cannons 4 AK 630 CIWS 14 15 Aircraft carried36 Aircraft 10 Fixed wing Rafale M To be ordered 11 MiG 29K Trials Rotary wing Kamov Ka 31 MH 60R HAL DhruvAviation facilities12 500 m2 flight deck 9 Work on the ship s design began in 1999 The keel was laid in 2009 The carrier was floated out of dry dock in December 2011 21 and launched in August 2013 22 Basin trials were completed in December 2020 23 and sea trials started in August 2021 24 Its commissioning ceremony was held on 2 September 2022 25 Aircraft flight trials will be completed in 2023 24 26 The total cost of the project is approximately 23 000 crore equivalent to 260 billion or US 3 2 billion in 2023 at the time of first sea trials 4 5 Vikrant s air group can consist up to 26 Rafale M fighters 27 and up to 4 Kamov Ka 31 28 or 2 HAL Dhruv NUH 29 or 4 MH 60R 30 helicopters 5 It is 262 metre 860 ft in length with a top speed of 28 knots 52 km h 32 mph and endurance of 7 500 nautical miles 13 900 km 8 600 mi The ship has 2 300 compartments manned by 1 700 seamen It has a hospital complex cabins for female officers eight kilometres 5 0 mi of corridors and eight generators capable of lighting up a city of 2 million people 31 Contents 1 Background 2 Design 2 1 Carrier air group 3 Construction 3 1 Launch 3 2 Undocking and fitting out 4 Harbour and sea trials 5 Completion and commissioning 6 Commanding officers 7 Project delays 8 Gallery 9 See also 10 References 11 External linksBackground EditIn 1999 Defence Minister George Fernandes authorised the development and construction of an aircraft carrier INS Vikrant under the Project 71 Air Defence Ship ADS 32 By that time given the ageing Sea Harrier fleet the letter of intent called for a carrier that would carry more modern jet fighters In 2001 Cochin Shipyard Limited CSL released a graphic illustration showing a 32 000 tonne 31 000 long ton 35 000 short ton STOBAR Short Take Off But Arrested Recovery design with a pronounced ski jump citation needed The aircraft carrier project received formal government approval in January 2003 By then design updates called for a 37 500 tonne 36 900 long ton 41 300 short ton carrier to operate the Mikoyan MiG 29K India opted for a three carrier fleet consisting of one carrier battle group stationed on each seaboard and a third carrier held in reserve in order to continuously protect both its flanks to protect economic interests and mercantile traffic and to provide humanitarian platforms in times of disasters since a carrier can provide a self generating supply of fresh water medical assistance or engineering expertise to populations in need for assistance 33 In August 2006 Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral Arun Prakash stated that the designation for the vessel had been changed from Air Defence Ship ADS to Indigenous Aircraft Carrier IAC The euphemistic ADS had been adopted in planning stages to ward off concerns about a naval build up citation needed Final revisions to the design increased the displacement of the carrier from 37 500 tons to over 45 000 tons The length of the ship increased from 252 metres 827 ft to 262 metres 860 ft 34 Design Edit nbsp A schematic diagram of INS VikrantINS Vikrant is 262 metres 860 ft long and 62 metres 203 ft wide and displaces about 45 000 tonnes 44 000 long tons 50 000 short tons 35 It features a STOBAR configuration 36 It can carry an air group of up to thirty six aircraft 37 including 26 fixed wing combat aircraft 38 and a mix of Dhruv MK III Sikorsky MH 60R and Kamov Ka 31 helicopters The Ka 31 will fulfil the airborne early warning AEW role MH 60R will provide anti surface and anti submarine warfare ASW capabilities 39 and Dhruv will be used mainly for search and rescue operations 40 Vikrant is powered by four General Electric LM2500 gas turbines on two shafts generating over 80 megawatts 110 000 hp of power The gearboxes for the carriers were designed and supplied by Elecon Engineering 21 41 42 The ship s combat management system CMS was developed by Tata Advanced Systems 43 It is the first CMS developed by a private company for the Indian Navy and was handed over to the Navy on 28 March 2019 44 45 Carrier air group Edit source source source source source source The maiden landing of a MiG 29K onboard INS Vikrant R11 Earlier the Indian Navy considered fielding MiG 29K 46 and LCA Navy on Vikrant 47 At the same time in 2009 the then navy Chief Admiral Nirmal Kumar Verma hinted that the Navy was carrying out a concept study for a more capable naval fighter 47 which turned out to be the HAL TEDBF unveiled at 2021 Aero India airshow 48 In June 2012 Flight Global reported that the Indian Navy was considering the purchase of Dassault Rafale M Naval variant for Vikrant 49 The Rafale was by then declared the winner of IAF s MMRCA competition 50 In 2016 the Navy announced that the Tejas was overweight for carrier operations and other alternatives would be looked at 51 52 In 2017 a request for proposal was issued for 57 Multi Role Carrier Borne Fighters 53 which was later cut down to 26 fighters act as a stop gap measure until the TEDBF is developed 54 In December 2020 Boeing Defense Space amp Security in coordination with the United States Navy demonstrated F A 18E F Super hornet s capability to operate from STOBAR carrier 55 56 57 nbsp HAL Dhruv onboard Vikrant during sea trialsIn 2022 the Indian Navy began testing the Rafale M and Boeing F A 18E F Super Hornet at a shore based test facility at INS Hansa in Goa 58 59 60 61 The Navy started the fixed wing aviation trials with Tejas Naval variant This to be followed by MiG 29K trials 62 On 6 February 2023 two arrested landings were made by MiG 29Ks and also by a HAL Tejas Naval Variant 63 Ultimately the Indian military chose the Rafale M from France for compatibility with its logistics system 64 During his visit on 14 July 2023 PM Narendra Modi will be the guest of honor at the Bastille Day parade in France during which India is expected to announce the purchase of 24 to 30 Rafale fighter jets 65 66 The Indian government announced the selection of the naval variant of Rafale jets to equip the Indian Navy with the latest generation fighter Dassault Aviation said on July 15 11 The prototype of the TEDBF is to be readied by 2026 and its production is to begin by 2032 Naval Tejas being a technology demonstrator development of niche technology for deck based fighter operations paving the way for TEDBF 54 Construction Edit source source source source IAC 1 on its maiden sea voyage Vikrant is the first aircraft carrier to be designed by the Warship Design Bureau formerly Directorate of Naval Design of the Indian Navy and the first warship to be built by Cochin Shipyard Its construction involved participation of a large number of private and public firms The Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory DMRL and Steel Authority of India Limited SAIL created facilities to manufacture the DMR 249 grade steel in India 21 67 Reportedly 26 000 tonnes 26 000 long tons 29 000 short tons of three types of special steel for the hull flight deck and floor compartments were manufactured at the Bokaro Steel Plant Jharkhand Bhilai Steel Plant Chhattisgarh and Rourkela Steel Plant Odisha Due to this Vikrant is the first ship of the Indian Navy to be built completely using domestically produced steel 68 The main switch board steering gear and water tight hatches have been manufactured by Larsen amp Toubro in Mumbai and Talegaon high capacity air conditioning and refrigeration systems have been manufactured in Kirloskar Group s plants in Pune most pumps have been supplied by Best and Crompton Bharat Heavy Electricals BHEL supplied the Integrated Platform Management System IPMS which is being installed by Avio an Italian company the gear box was supplied by Elecon Engineering and the electrical cables are being supplied by Nicco Industries 69 Fincantieri provided consultancy for the propulsion package while Russia s Nevskoye Design Bureau designed the aviation complex 70 The keel for Vikrant was laid by Defence Minister A K Antony at the Cochin Shipyard on 28 February 2009 71 72 The ship uses modular construction with 874 blocks joined for the hull By the time the keel was laid 423 blocks weighing over 8 000 tons had been completed 73 In August 2011 the Defence Ministry reported to the Lok Sabha that 75 of the construction work for the hull of the lead carrier had been completed and the carrier would be first launched in December 2011 following which further works would be completed until commissioning 74 75 On 29 December 2011 the completed hull of the carrier was first floated out of its dry dock at CSL with its displacement at over 14 000 tonnes 14 000 long tons 15 000 short tons 41 Interior works and fittings on the hull would be carried out until the second half of 2012 when it would again be dry docked for integration with its propulsion and power generation systems 7 21 By late 2012 work commenced for the next stage of construction which included the installation of the integrated propulsion system the superstructure the upper decks the cabling sensors and weapons 76 Launch Edit nbsp INS Vikrant during its launch in August 2013In July 2013 Defence Minister Antony announced that Vikrant would be launched on 12 August at the Cochin Shipyard The ship was launched by his wife Elizabeth Antony on 12 August 2013 77 According to Admiral Robin Dhowan about 83 of the fabrication work and 75 of the construction work had been completed at the time of launching He said that 90 of the body work of the aircraft carrier had been designed and made in India about 50 of the propulsion system and about 30 of its weaponry He also said that the ship would be equipped with a long range missile system with multi function radar and a close in weapon system CIWS 78 After the launch Vikrant would be re docked for the second phase of construction in which the ship would be fitted with various weapons and sensors and the propulsion system flight deck and the aircraft complex would be integrated 69 Undocking and fitting out Edit nbsp INS Vikrant during its undocking in June 2015Vikrant was undocked on 10 June 2015 after the completion of structural work Cabling piping heat and ventilation works were scheduled to be completed by 2017 with sea trials to begin thereafter 79 By October 2015 the construction of the hull was close to 98 percent complete with flight deck construction underway 80 The installation of machinery piping and the propeller shafts was in progress by January 2016 it was reported however that there were delays in the delivery of equipment from Russia for the carrier s aviation complex 81 By May 2017 the carrier s fitting out was 62 complete with trials of the auxiliary systems scheduled by late 2017 12 In February 2020 all major structural and outfitting work was declared complete 82 Harbour and sea trials Edit nbsp Basin trials of the aircraft carrier On 31 October 2019 Cochin Shipyard received a 30 billion equivalent to 37 billion or US 470 million in 2023 contract for the Phase III of the project 83 This contract included funds for the harbour trials sea trials and support for the ship during its weapons and aviation trials after its delivery 84 In December 2019 it was reported the engines had been switched on 85 By September 2020 Vikrant had completed harbour trials while the basin trials started from October 2020 to check propulsion electric transmission and shafting systems 86 On 30 November 2020 the basin trials were completed paving the way for sea trials the final phase of the IAC I project 87 88 nbsp A Westland WS 61 Sea King approaches Vikrant while on sea trialsIn April 2021 it was reported work had begun to integrate the long range surface to air missile LRSAM onboard Vikrant 89 90 91 On 15 June 2021 Vikrant was moved to the Ernakulam Wharf in Kochi Kerala 92 On 4 August 2021 sea trials finally began 93 The first phase of the sea trials was successfully completed on 8 August 2021 94 The second phase of the trials was conducted on 24 October 2021 95 followed by the third phase from 9 17 January 2022 96 97 98 both of which were completed successfully 99 On 10 July the fourth and final phase of the sea trials was successfully completed This phase involved integrated trials of most of the equipment and systems aboard Vikrant including portions of the Aviation Facilities Complex 100 On 26 May 2023 Indian built Mikoyan MiG 29K successfully landed on its deck during night sea trials lauding praise from defense ministry for Navy s dependence on Atmanirbhar Bharat 101 Completion and commissioning Edit nbsp Prime Minister Narendra Modi commissioned INS Vikrant on 2 September 2022 in Kochi Kerala Prime Minister Narendra Modi commissioned INS Vikrant on 2 September 2022 in a grand ceremony at Cochin Shipyard 25 102 Earlier INS Vikrant was delivered to the Indian Navy on 28 July 2022 2 Flight trials of its aircraft complement are expected to be completed by mid 2023 after which the ship will be fully operational 24 In March 2020 it was revealed that after its commissioning the Navy will deploy Vikrant at Larsen amp Toubro s shipyard in Kattupalli near Chennai This was done as the planned naval base in Rambilli near Vishakhapatnam was not ready yet 103 The Navy wants to lease a 260 m berth at Kattupalli shipyard for 8 years between 2022 and 2030 for interim berthing of the ship by which time the naval base at Rambilli is expected to be available 104 On 6 February 2023 the naval variant of the Tejas became the first fixed wing fighter to launch from and recover to Vikrant 105 On 22 March 2023 the Vice Chief of Navy Staff Vice Admiral SN Ghormade returned the bell originally placed on the previous Vikrant to Commodore Vidhyadhar Harke the new ship s first commanding officer In 1997 the bell of the decommissioned namesake ship was placed at the residence of Indian Navy Vice Chief 5 Motilal Nehru Marg New Delhi 106 source source source source source source LCA Tejas maiden landing onboard INS Vikrant R11 Commanding officers EditName Took command Left command NotesCaptain Vidhyadhar Harke VSM 7 May 2021 Present First CO of Vikrant 107 Project delays EditThe IAC project experienced numerous delays The construction plan originally called for the carrier to be launched in 2010 when it would displace some 20 000 tonnes 20 000 long tons 22 000 short tons as a larger displacement could not be accommodated in the building bay It was planned that after about a year s development in the refit dock the carrier would be launched when all the major components including underwater systems would be in place Outfitting would then be carried out after launch Vikrant was intended to be delivered in December 2010 108 and commissioned in 2016 As per the Cabinet Committee on Security CCS sea trials were initially planned to commence in 2013 with the ship to be commissioned in 2014 109 110 This was later postponed with sea trials to begin in 2017 and commissioning planned for 2018 111 In March 2011 it was reported that the project had been affected by the delay in the delivery of the main gearboxes for the carrier The supplier Elecon attributed it to having to work around a number of technical complexities due to the length of the propulsion shafts 112 Other issues resulting in delays included an accident with a diesel generator and an issue with its alignment 113 In July 2012 The Times of India reported that construction of Vikrant had been delayed by three years and the ship would be ready for commissioning by 2018 114 Later in November 2012 Indian English language news channel NDTV reported that the cost of the aircraft carrier had increased and the delivery has been delayed by at least five years and is expected to be with the Indian Navy only after 2018 as against the scheduled date of delivery of 2014 115 In July 2016 the Comptroller amp Auditor General CAG published a 2014 project plan supplied by the Cochin Shipyard that showed an expected completion date in 2023 108 though the Navy hoped to partially commission the ship before this date 116 In December 2017 the Chief of Naval Staff Admiral Sunil Lanba announced that the ship was expected to commence sea trials and be commissioned in 2020 111 117 In January 2018 Commodore J Chowdhary the principal director of naval design announced the remaining procurement delays stalling Vikrant s construction had been resolved and that the carrier would be completed and delivered by December 2018 it would then undergo two years of sea trials before its then expected commissioning in October 2020 118 During the December 2019 Navy Day press briefing Chief of Naval Staff Admiral Karambir Singh said Vikrant would be fully operational before the end of 2022 119 A part of the blame for the delay in delivery of Vikrant was attributed to the delay in the supply of aviation equipment from Russia In response to a question in the Rajya Sabha Sripad Naik the Minister of State for Defence stated Ship s targeted delivery was affected due to delay in supply of aviation equipment from Russia 120 The Navy expected to commission Vikrant by the end of 2021 86 with an April 2021 report by the Hindustan Times claiming Vikrant along with the stealth guided missile destroyer INS Visakhapatnam would be delivered to the Indian Navy by the end of 2021 121 122 Other construction and procurement delays initially delayed the warship s sea trials to April 2020 from their originally scheduled date of 12 March 2020 Due to the Covid 19 pandemic trials were further postponed to late 2020 119 but ultimately began in August 2021 The carrier was commissioned on 2 September 2022 123 124 125 Gallery Edit nbsp Vikrant with Vikramaditya during joint carrier operations nbsp Vikrant with Vikramaditya during an exercise with carrier battle group nbsp Vikrant with Vikramaditya with two Kolkata class destroyer and a Talwar class frigate nbsp Vikrant with Vikramaditya performing a manoeuvre nbsp Vikrant getting refuelled by Deepak nbsp Vikrant with Kolkata during sea trials nbsp Vikrant during its sea trials nbsp Vikrant during its maiden sea trials See also EditFuture of the Indian Navy List of active Indian Navy ships List of aircraft carriers in service INS Vikramaditya INS ViraatReferences Edit Indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant handed over to Indian Navy 29 July 2022 Archived from the original on 28 July 2022 Retrieved 28 July 2022 a b Delivery of Indigenous Aircraft Carrier IAC Vikrant Press Information Bureau of India 28 July 2022 Archived from the original on 29 August 2022 Retrieved 28 August 2022 Aircraft carrier Vikrant completes third sea trials returns to Kochi harbour The New Indian Express Archived from the original on 15 May 2022 Retrieved 17 January 2022 a b India s first indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant sets off for sea trials from Kochi The New Indian Express 4 August 2021 Archived from the original on 5 August 2021 Retrieved 4 August 2021 a b c IAC Vikrant India s first indigenously built aircraft carrier commissioned on September 2 msn Retrieved 23 August 2022 Commencement of Sea Trials of Indigenous Aircraft Carrier IAC P71 VIKRANT Press Information Bureau Government of India 4 August 2021 Archived from the original on 27 February 2022 Retrieved 6 August 2021 a b India Floats out Its First Indigenous Aircraft Carrier DefenceNow com 2 January 2012 Archived from the original on 13 February 2015 Retrieved 18 May 2015 Farley Robert An Update on India s Aircraft Carrier Aspirations thediplomat com Archived from the original on 20 January 2022 Retrieved 25 October 2020 INS Vikrant Inside India s newly commissioned aircraft carrier BBC News 1 September 2022 Archived from the original on 3 September 2022 Retrieved 4 February 2023 Anand Nisha 25 August 2022 India s indigenous aircraft carrier Vikrant to be commissioned on Sept 2 Hindustan Times Archived from the original on 4 February 2023 Retrieved 4 February 2023 a b India selects naval version of Rafale Dassault Aviation The Hindu 15 July 2023 ISSN 0971 751X Archived from the original on 15 July 2023 Retrieved 15 July 2023 a b Anandan S 13 May 2017 In the heart of the iron beast The Hindu Archived from the 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on 29 April 2021 Retrieved 29 April 2021 Navy to get aircraft carrier Vikrant missile destroyer Visakhapatnam in 2021 Hindustan Times 27 April 2021 Archived from the original on 29 April 2021 Retrieved 29 April 2021 INS Vikrant India s first homegrown aircraft carrier puts it among world s naval elites CNN Archived from the original on 4 September 2022 Retrieved 2 September 2022 INS Vikrant City on the Move 18 Floors 1 600 Crew 16 Bed Hospital Archived from the original on 4 September 2022 Retrieved 2 September 2022 Inside India s newly commissioned aircraft carrier BBC News 1 September 2022 Archived from the original on 3 September 2022 Retrieved 2 September 2022 External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to INS Vikrant ship 2013 Delay in equipment from Russia affected the delivery schedule of INS Vikrant Images during the launch of Vikrant Making of Indigenous Aircraft Carrier Transition to Guardianship The Indian Navy 1991 2000 Vice Adm Retd G M Hiranandani Indigenous Aircraft Carrier on Bharat Rakshak Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title INS Vikrant 2013 amp oldid 1179446002, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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