Future of the Indian Navy

The Indian Navy has been focusing on developing indigenous platforms, systems, sensors and weapons as part of the nation's modernisation and expansion of its maritime forces. As of November 2022, the Indian Navy has 45 vessels of various types under construction,^[1] including destroyers; frigates; corvettes; conventional-powered and nuclear-powered submarines and various other ship, and plans to build a strong navy of 200 vessels and 500 aircraft by 2050. According to Chief of Naval Staff's statement in December 2020,^[2] India has transformed from a buyer's navy to a builder's navy.^[3]

Naval Ensign of India

Indian Navy carrier battle group in formation, showing some of the latest additions to the fleet.

The increasing interest of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy in the Indian Ocean region^[4] has led the Indian Navy to invest more in anti-submarine ships, such as the Kamorta-class corvette, long-range maritime reconnaissance aircraft such as Boeing P-8 Poseidon and ships such as the Saryu-class patrol vessel^[5] and unmanned aerial vehicles such as the IAI Heron-1.^[6] However the lack of a strong submarine fleet has diminished its capabilities to some extent.^[7] Post-Chinese intrusions into Ladakh in 2020, it has been announced that the Indian Navy plans to upgrade the military facilities in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands on the eastern seaboard as well as Lakshadweep on the western seaboard, with the aim of having a network of island airbases in both the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal which provides an infrastructure which will guarantee freedom of navigation and overflight to all Indian territories.^[8]

Submarines

  This indicates that a Request For Information (RFI) has currently been issued for this project. The issue of an RFI is not a commitment for procurement.

Nuclear Submarines

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Boats	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
Arihant class		Ballistic missile submarine (SSBN)	4	India	6,000–7,000 tonnes	1 in service, 1 Ready For Induction, 1 launched, 1 under construction	A total of four submarines were planned in two flights.^[9] The first boat of the class, inducted in service.
S5 class		Ballistic missile submarine (SSBN)	3	India	13,500 tonnes	3 planned	Project was approved with a budget of ₹10,000 crore (US$1.3 billion).^[9]^[10]^[11]
Chakra III (Akula) class		Nuclear-powered attack submarine (SSN)	1	Russia	12,770–13,800 tons	1 on order	On 7 March 2019, India and Russia signed a $3 billion deal for the lease of another Akula-class nuclear-powered attack submarine. The submarine, dubbed Chakra III, should be delivered to the Indian Navy by 2025.^[12]^[13]
Project 75 Alpha		Nuclear-powered attack submarine (SSN)	6	India	6,000 tonnes	6 planned	The Government of India had approved the construction of six such submarines in February 2015. These submarines will be designed by the Navy's in-house Directorate of Naval Design and indigenously built in the Shipbuilding Centre at Visakhapatnam. Initially, 3 submarines are planned to undergo construction in 2023–2024 while another set of 3 will get clearance later. The first submarine is planned to enter service in 2032.^[14]

Conventional Submarines

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Boats	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
Kalvari class		Attack submarine	6	India   France	1,800 tonnes	5 in service 1 launched ^[15]^[16]^[17]	All deliveries are expected to be completed by 2023.^[18]^[19]
Project 75I class		Attack submarine	6	India	3,000 – 4,000 tonnes	6 planned	Defence Acquisition Council cleared the purchase of six submarines worth ₹53,000 crore (US$6.6 billion) in October 2014.^[20] In April 2019, an Expression of Interest was issued for twelve stealth submarines capable of remaining underwater for much longer period and firing subamrine-launched land-attack and anti-ship cruise missiles.^[21] Official bidding process to start very soon as of Aug 2020.^[22] The Ministry of Defence cleared the proposal to issue a tender for the construction of six conventional submarines.^[23]
Project-76 class		Attack submarine	6	India		Under design phase	These are first class of conventional diesel-electric submarine to be fully designed and developed within India featuring AIPs. The design phase is expected to be completed by end-2024 and tenders are expected to be issued by defence ministry soon.^[24]^[25]

Midget submarines

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Boats	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
Swimmer Delivery Vehicle		Midget submarine	2	India	150 tonnes	2 planned	Hindustan Shipyard Limited^[26] will construct two midget submarine at an estimated cost of ₹ 2,000 crore. SOVs will be used by MARCOS for conducting special operations.^[20]

Ships

  This indicates that the project a Request For Information (RFI) has currently been issued for this project. The issue of RFI is not a commitment for procurement.

Aircraft carriers

Name	Picture	No. of Ships	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
IAC-1 Class		1	India	45,000 tonnes	Planned^[27]	Indian Navy had been pushing for a 65,000 tonne carrier, but the demand has been put on hold due to expenses and technologies needed on board. So now Navy is considering another 45,000-tonne class carrier, same as INS Vikrant with more indigenous systems and better propulsions.
INS Vishal		1	India	65,000 tonnes	Planned^[28]	Estimated to be equipped with an Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) CATOBAR system. Will have significant changes and greater size compare to INS Vikrant. Initially nuclear propulsion was planned, but this was later changed to an integrated electric propulsion system due to the complexities involved in developing a nuclear reactor with a capacity of 500 to 550 megawatts that would possibly take 15 to 20 years.^[29]^[30] Since the Indian navy has preferred the construction of the nuclear powered Project 75 Alpha and the conventionally powered Project 75I class submarines, INS Vishal will be seen as a replacement of the INS Vikramaditya.^[31]^[32]^[14]^[33]

Amphibious warfare ships

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Ships	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
Future Landing Platform Dock (LPD)		Landing helicopter dock	4	India	30,000 to 40,000 tonnes	4 planned	Indian Navy has released RFI for 4 LPDs to be made by Indian shipyards. Integrated Full Electric Propulsion (IFEP) is expected. Ships will have 4x AK 630 with Electro Optical Fire control system, 8x Medium Machine Gun, 6x Heavy Machine Gun, Advancd towed decoy system, 16x SSM, 32x VL-SRSAM, 2x Heavy Lift Helicopters, 12 Special Ops Helicopters and 2x NSUAS etc.^[34]
High Speed Landing Craft			6	India	285 tonnes	6 planned	In September 2017, Indian Navy issues a RFI to acquire six landing craft capable of supporting assault missions and transporting equipment, vehicles & troops.^[35]^[36]

Destroyers

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Ships	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
Project 18		Stealth guided missile destroyer	8	India			Next Generation Destroyers^[37]
Visakhapatnam class		Stealth guided missile destroyer	4	India	7,300 tonnes	2 in service 2 launched	Follow on of the Kolkata-class destroyer with improved stealth features.^[38]^[39]^[40]

Frigates

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Ships	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
Nilgiri class		Stealth guided missile frigate	7	India	6,670 tonnes	5 launched 2 under construction	Four ships will be constructed by Mazagon Dock while the remaining three by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers.^[41]^[42]^[43]
Talwar class		Stealth guided missile frigate	4	Russia   India	4,035 tonnes	1 launched 3 under construction	Two additional vessels of batch 3 are to be built in a joint partnership between Russia and India in Yantar Shipyard and another two of batch 4 are to be built in Goa Shipyard^[44]^[45]^[46]

Corvettes

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Ships	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
Anti Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft		Corvette (ASW)	16	India	700–750 tonnes	1 Launched, 13 under construction^[47] 2 more planned	Eight vessels each constructed by GRSE and Cochin Shipyard, to be delivered between 2022 and 2026.^[48]^[49]^[50]^[51]
Next Generation Missile Vessels		Corvette (ASuW)	6	India	2,200 tonnes	6 planned	In January 2015, the Ministry of Defence issued Request For Information (RFI) for six next-generation missile vessels under the "Buy Indian and Make Indian" category.^[52] An RfP worth $2.2 billion was filed by government of India to various Indian shipyards seeking for various warships including missile boats.^[53]
NGC (Next-Gen Corvette)^[54]		Corvette	7	India	3500 tonnes	7 Planned	In 2016, the Ministry of Defence issued Request For Information (RFI) for seven next-generation Corvette under the "Buy Indian and Make Indian" category. Acceptance of necessity given by ministry of defence^[54]

Next Generation Fast Attack Craft (NGFACs)

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Ships	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
Next Generation Fast Attack Crafts (NGFACs)		Fast Attack Craft	7	India	500 Tonnes	7 planned	NGFAC are a planned Fast Attack Craft for the Indian Navy.Under this programme the Indian Navy intends to acquire seven advanced ships. Ships under this class will feature advanced stealth features like a low radar cross section (RCS), infrared, acoustic and magnetic signatures^[55]

Mine countermeasure vessels

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Ships	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
GSL Mine Counter-Measure Vessel		Minesweeper		India		12 planned ^[56]	In February 2015, the Ministry of Defence approved the building of 12 minesweepers at a cost of ₹ 32,000 crore in Goa Shipyard Ltd. Likely to be taken on lease from Russia.^[57]

Patrol vessels

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Ships	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
Next Generation OPV		Offshore patrol vessel	11	India	2,500 tonnes	11 planned ^[58]	Goa Shipyard Limited won the contract to build 7 OPVs and the remaining 4 are to be built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers.^[59]

Replenishment ships

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Ships	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
HSL class		Fleet replenishment oiler	5	India	45,000 tonnes	5 planned	Approved in 2014, originally planned to be built by Hindustan Shipyard with Hyundai Heavy Industries as technology partner.^[60]^[61] After their agreement fell through, a consortium of Turkish shipyards replaced Hyundai.^[62]

Survey vessels

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Ships	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
GRSE class		Survey vessel	4	India	3,300 tonnes	3 Launched 1 under construction	In September 2017, GRSE won a bid for ₹2,500 crore (US$310 million). First ship Sandhayak is being built by GRSE and other three ships are being constructed by Larsen & Toubro.^[63]^[64] Contract signed in October 2018.^[65] Keel for first vessel laid down in November 2019.^[66] Construction of second, third and fourth ship began on 29 November 2019, 16 November 2020 And 1 February 2021 respectively.^[67]^[68]

Miscellaneous

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Ships	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
Unmanned Autonomous Boat Swarms		Unmanned surface vehicle	Unknown	India		Under construction	Indian Navy has signed an agreement with Sagar Defence Engineering Pvt. Ltd for armed autonomous boat swarms under ‘SPRINT’. These swarm boats will be used for high-speed interdiction; surveillance; constabulary operations; Command, Control, Communications, Computers (C4) Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR). ^[69]
Multi Purpose Vessel (MPVs) L&T		Multi Purpose Vessel (MPV)	2	India	3750 tonnes	Under construction	Ministry of Defence signed a contract with Larsen & Toubro for acquisition of Two Multi-Purpose Vessels (MPVs) for Indian Navy at cost of Rs.887 Crore on 25 March 2022. These vessels will be used for multi-role support functions such as maritime surveillance & patrol, launching/ recovery of torpedoes and operation of various types of aerial, surface and underwater targets for Gunnery/ ASW firing exercises.^[70]^[71]
Nistar Class		Diving support vessel	2	India	9,350 tonnes^[72]	Launched	In December 2017, Hindustan Shipyard won a bid to build two ships for ₹2,019 crore (US$250 million). Contract for the same was signed in September 2018. Keel laid for the first vessel in December 2019. Both the ships (Nistar & Nipun) have been launched on 22 September 2022.^[73]^[74]^[75]
National Hospital Ship (NHS)		Hospital Ship	1	India	Unknown	Planned	One National Hospital Ship is proposed to be acquired. The anticipated delivery timelines for the first vessel is maximum of 48 months from the date of contract.^[76]
		Diving Support Craft	5	India		Under construction	A Contract for construction of five Diving Support Craft (DSC) has been signed by Indian Navy with M/s Titagarh Wagons Ltd, Kolkata on 12 Feb 21.^[77]
		Tugboat	4	India		Under construction	10-tonne bollard pull tugs being constructed at Hindustan Shipyard^[78]^[79]

Aircraft

See also: Indian Naval Air Arm § Future aircraft

Type	Picture	Role	No. of airframes	Origin	Status	Note
Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF)		Carrier Borne Multi-role Fighter	Unspecified	India	Design Phase and planning	The design of the Omni Role Combat Aircraft (ORCA), an Air Force variant of the Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF), with significant design differences, was being studied as of 2020. The first flight of the TEDBF is targeted for 2025–26 with the fighter expected to be inducted into the Navy by 2032.
Multirole Carrier Borne Fighter		Carrier Borne Multi-role Fighter	26	United States   France	Planned	In late January 2017, the Indian Navy released an international Request for Information (RFI) for 57 "Multi-Role Carrier Borne Fighters". The main contest is between Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and Dassault Rafale-M. Number was revised to 36 from 57 in mid 2020^[80] and again to 26 in end 2021 with a new G2G process envisaged after demonstration.^[81]
Naval Shipborne Unmanned Aerial System		Shipborne UAV	10		Planned	A proposal moved in fast track mode by the Indian Navy before the Defence Ministry, under which it will buy 10 Naval Shipborne Unmanned Aerial Systems for around ₹ 1,300 crores has been cleared by the government^[82]
MQ-9A Reaper		Unmanned combat aerial vehicle	2 in service 10 more planned	United States	Planned	India has planned to purchase 30 MQ-9A Reaper UAV, out of which 10 are for Army, Air force and Navy each^[83]
Dornier 228		Anti-submarine warfare, Maritime Patrol	12	India	4 in service 8 on order	These aircraft will be equipped with advanced sensors, glass cockpit, advanced surveillance radar, ELINT, optical sensors and networking features.^[84]
EADS CASA C-295		Anti-submarine warfare, Maritime Patrol	9	India	9 planned	These aircraft will be equipped with advanced sensors, glass cockpit, advanced surveillance radar, ELINT, optical sensors and networking features.^[85]
Boeing P-8I Neptune		Reconnaissance, ASW, ASuW	12 6 more planned	United States	12 in service 6 more planned	Four ordered in 2016 at a cost of US$1.1 billion, ten more planned to be procured at a cost of US$3 billion.
Sikorsky MH-60R		Multi-Role Helicopter	24	United States	5 delivered^[86] 19 on order^[86]	The helicopters will replace the ageing Sea King helicopters.They will be equipped with anti-submarine Mark 54 torpedoes and Hellfire air-to-surface missiles, along with precision-kill rockets. A contract for 24 helicopters was signed on US president Donald Trump's visit to India.
Naval Multi-Role Helicopter		Indian Multi-Role Helicopter	60	India	Planned	Deck Based Multi Role Helicopter being developed to replace Sea King and augment MH-60R^[87]
Naval Multi-Role Helicopter		Multi-Role Helicopter	123	India	Planned	Requirement issued to HAL^[88]
Naval Utility Helicopter		Utility helicopter	111	India	Planned	To replace HAL Chetak helicopters.^[88]

See also

• List of active Indian Navy ships

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