The Turkic word tu:ğ, for traditional Turkic standards made from horse-tails or bunches of horse-hair, was borrowed from Middle Chinese *dok 纛 "banner, standard" (whence also standard Chinesedú).[5] Chinese observers stated that Göktürks displayed a tuğ decorated with a wolf's head at their camp's gate in order not to forget their origin from a she-wolf ancestress.[6][7] A Western Turkictribal confederation, the Duolu, was possibly named after tuğ, if Old Turkic Tuğluğ (𐱃𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰍), which means "have flags (banners), have standards", indeed underlay various Chinese transcriptions.[8] It was also used by Mongolic tribes too. The white-haired banner is used as a peacetime symbol, while the black banner was for wartime. Usage of the horse tail is symbolic because horses were central to the Mongols' livelihood. This is similar to the use of horse tail hairs for the morin khuur.
The original white banner disappeared early in history, but the black one survived as the repository of Genghis Khan's soul. The Mongols continued to honor the banner, and Zanabazar (1635–1723) built a monastery with the special mission of flying and protecting the black banner in the 17th century.[9] Around 1937, the black banner disappeared amidst the great purges of the nationalists, monks and intellectuals, and the destruction of monasteries.
Genghis Khan proclaimed Khagan of all Mongols. White banners can be seen on the right. 15th-century ms. of Rashid al-Din's "History of the World" (BNF Supplément persan 1113, fol. 44v)
The Mongols besieging a city in the Middle East. The black banner can be seen behind the trebuchet, early 14th-century miniature from a ms. of Rashid al-Din's "History of the World" (Edinburgh University Library)
The Nine White banners came into renewed significance in Mongolia after democracy was adopted in the early 1990s as a symbol of the traditional Mongolian state, replacing the previous communistred flags.
The state banner flown by the Mongols, the Есөн хөлт цагаан туг, (Yesön Khölt tsagaan tug, 'Nine Base White Banners)', is composed of nine flag poles decorated with white horse tail hairs hanging from a round surface with a flame or trident-like shape on the top. The Nine White Banners was a peacetime emblem used exclusively by the Khans in front of their yurt. The central banner is larger in size than the rest and is placed in the center of the other eight. The modern Mongolian nine white banners are kept in the Government Palace in Ulaanbaatar. On National Pride Day, a traditional ceremony for the Nine White Banners is held.[10]
Black banners
The Dörvön khölt khar sulde[11][12] (Дөрвөн хөлт хар сүлд) or the lit.'Four Base Black Banners' was used in wartime. It is made of black horse tail hairs and flown in the same fashion. According to the illustrated Japanese chronicle Mōko Shūrai Ekotoba, the banner of the Mongolian Yuan fleet that invaded Japan was black. The modern Mongolian black banners are kept in the Ministry of Defense.
Tugs in the Mongolian military
Within the Mongolian Armed Forces, the black tug is used as the finial in military colours' flagpoles, while the white tug is used by the Mongolian State Honor Guard and is the finial in the colours of the civil security services.
^"Symbol of Peace and Eternity, the Nine White Banners". MONTSAME News Agency. Retrieved 2021-06-27.
^Монгол Улсын бүх цэргийн хар сүлдний товч танилцуулга
^. medeelel.mn. Archived from the original on 29 May 2010. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
Boeheim, Wendelin (1890). Handbuch der Waffenkunde: Das Waffenwesen in seiner historischen Entwickelung vom Beginn des Mittelalters bis zum Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts. E. A. Seemann, Leipzig. [1]
William Erskine. A history of India under the two first sovereigns of the house of Taimur, Báber and Humáyun. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1854. Pg 265. [2]
Zdzislaw Zygulski, Ottoman Art in the Service of Empire, Hagop Kevorkian Series on Near Eastern Art & Civilization, New York University Press (1992).
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bunchuk.
(in Russian)Бунчук // Энциклопедический словарь Ф.А. Брокгауза и И.А. Ефрона
(in Ukrainian)Довідник з історії України. За ред. І. Підкови та Р. Шуста. — Київ: Генеза, 1993.
Jack Weatherford,
January 24, 2023
banner, administrative, sudivision, known, banner, banners, inner, mongolia, mongolian, туг, tʰʊɡ, turkish, tuğ, ottoman, turkish, طوغ, ṭuġ, توغ, tuġ, turkic, 𐱃𐰆𐰍, romanized, tuğ, sulde, mongolian, сүлд, tibetan, དན, pole, with, circularly, arranged, horse, ta. For the administrative sudivision known as a banner see Banners of Inner Mongolia A tug Mongolian tug tʰʊɡ Turkish tug Ottoman Turkish طوغ ṭuġ or توغ tuġ Old Turkic 𐱃𐰆𐰍 romanized tug or sulde Mongolian sүld Tibetan བ དན is a pole with circularly arranged horse or yak tail hairs of varying colors arranged at the top It was historically flown by Turkic tribes such as Tuglug Confederation 2 and also during the period of the Mongol Empire and later used in derived Turco Mongol khanates It was also used by the Ottoman Empire a state which was founded by Turkic Oghuz tribes 3 In the 17th century it was also adopted by Slavic cavalry cossacks haidamaka under the name bunchuk Ukrainian Bunchuk Polish Bunczuk which is the reflection of the original Turkic word boncuk It is still used by some units of the Polish military 4 A banner flown in Sukhbaatar Square Ulaanbaatar Ottoman Hungarian tughs captured by Ferdinand II Archduke of Austria in 1556 1 A 19th century Ottoman tugh Contents 1 History 1 1 Early history 1 2 Modern era 1 2 1 The Nine White banners 1 2 2 Black banners 1 2 3 Tugs in the Mongolian military 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksHistory EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed February 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Early history Edit The Turkic word tu g for traditional Turkic standards made from horse tails or bunches of horse hair was borrowed from Middle Chinese dok 纛 banner standard whence also standard Chinese du 5 Chinese observers stated that Gokturks displayed a tug decorated with a wolf s head at their camp s gate in order not to forget their origin from a she wolf ancestress 6 7 A Western Turkic tribal confederation the Duolu was possibly named after tug if Old Turkic Tuglug 𐱃𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰍 which means have flags banners have standards indeed underlay various Chinese transcriptions 8 It was also used by Mongolic tribes too The white haired banner is used as a peacetime symbol while the black banner was for wartime Usage of the horse tail is symbolic because horses were central to the Mongols livelihood This is similar to the use of horse tail hairs for the morin khuur The original white banner disappeared early in history but the black one survived as the repository of Genghis Khan s soul The Mongols continued to honor the banner and Zanabazar 1635 1723 built a monastery with the special mission of flying and protecting the black banner in the 17th century 9 Around 1937 the black banner disappeared amidst the great purges of the nationalists monks and intellectuals and the destruction of monasteries Genghis Khan proclaimed Khagan of all Mongols White banners can be seen on the right 15th century ms of Rashid al Din s History of the World BNF Supplement persan 1113 fol 44v The Mongols besieging a city in the Middle East The black banner can be seen behind the trebuchet early 14th century miniature from a ms of Rashid al Din s History of the World Edinburgh University Library Modern era Edit Main article Mongolian Revolution of 1990 The Nine White banners Edit The Nine White banners came into renewed significance in Mongolia after democracy was adopted in the early 1990s as a symbol of the traditional Mongolian state replacing the previous communist red flags The state banner flown by the Mongols the Eson holt cagaan tug Yeson Kholt tsagaan tug Nine Base White Banners is composed of nine flag poles decorated with white horse tail hairs hanging from a round surface with a flame or trident like shape on the top The Nine White Banners was a peacetime emblem used exclusively by the Khans in front of their yurt The central banner is larger in size than the rest and is placed in the center of the other eight The modern Mongolian nine white banners are kept in the Government Palace in Ulaanbaatar On National Pride Day a traditional ceremony for the Nine White Banners is held 10 Black banners Edit The Dorvon kholt khar sulde 11 12 Dorvon holt har sүld or the lit Four Base Black Banners was used in wartime It is made of black horse tail hairs and flown in the same fashion According to the illustrated Japanese chronicle Mōko Shurai Ekotoba the banner of the Mongolian Yuan fleet that invaded Japan was black The modern Mongolian black banners are kept in the Ministry of Defense Tugs in the Mongolian military Edit Within the Mongolian Armed Forces the black tug is used as the finial in military colours flagpoles while the white tug is used by the Mongolian State Honor Guard and is the finial in the colours of the civil security services See also EditFlag of Mongolia Historical colours standards and guidons Banners of Inner MongoliaReferences Edit Boeheim 1890 pp 510 511 Kenzheakhmet Nurlan Ethnonyms and Toponyms of the Old Turkic Inscriptions in Chinese sources Studia et Documenta Turcologica pp 302 304 Dovidnik z istoriyi Ukrayini Za red I Pidkovi ta R Shusta Kiyiv Geneza 1993 Bunchuk Enciklopedicheskij slovar F A Brokgauza i I A Efrona Clauson Gerard 1972 An Etymological Dictionary of Pre 13th Century Turkish Oxford University Press p 464 Zhoushu vol 50 quote 旗纛之上 施金狼頭 侍衞之士 謂之附離 夏言亦狼也 蓋本狼生 志不忘舊 Suishu vol 84 quote 故牙門建狼頭纛 示不忘本也 Kenzheakhmet Nurlan Ethnonyms and Toponyms of the Old Turkic Inscriptions in Chinese sources Studia et Documenta Turcologica pp 302 304 Jack Weatherford Genghis Khan p XVI Symbol of Peace and Eternity the Nine White Banners MONTSAME News Agency Retrieved 2021 06 27 Mongol Ulsyn bүh cergijn har sүldnij tovch tanilcuulga WWW MEDEELEL MN medeelel mn Archived from the original on 29 May 2010 Retrieved 14 January 2022 Boeheim Wendelin 1890 Handbuch der Waffenkunde Das Waffenwesen in seiner historischen Entwickelung vom Beginn des Mittelalters bis zum Ende des 18 Jahrhunderts E A Seemann Leipzig 1 William Erskine A history of India under the two first sovereigns of the house of Taimur Baber and Humayun Longman Brown Green and Longmans 1854 Pg 265 2 Zdzislaw Zygulski Ottoman Art in the Service of Empire Hagop Kevorkian Series on Near Eastern Art amp Civilization New York University Press 1992 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bunchuk in Russian Bunchuk Enciklopedicheskij slovar F A Brokgauza i I A Efrona in Mongolian Mongol Ulsyn Torijn Tug MongolWiki permanent dead link in Ukrainian Dovidnik z istoriyi Ukrayini Za red I Pidkovi ta R Shusta Kiyiv Geneza 1993 Jack Weatherford Wind First Year Course on Genghis Khan macalester edu 2004 Photo reportage a tribute ceremony to the Great Black Banners Ulaanbaatar Mongolia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tug banner amp oldid 1105566944, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
